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The Digestive System and Body Metabolism

The digestive system processes food so that it can be absorbed and used by the body's cells. The digestive organs are responsible for ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination. Food is broken down mechanically and chemically and absorbed through the digestive tract walls into the bloodstream. Undigested remains are eliminated as waste from the body. The continuous tube from mouth to anus is called the alimentary canal, and organs that secrete into it are accessory digestive organs.

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116 views3 pages

The Digestive System and Body Metabolism

The digestive system processes food so that it can be absorbed and used by the body's cells. The digestive organs are responsible for ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination. Food is broken down mechanically and chemically and absorbed through the digestive tract walls into the bloodstream. Undigested remains are eliminated as waste from the body. The continuous tube from mouth to anus is called the alimentary canal, and organs that secrete into it are accessory digestive organs.

Uploaded by

Jonash Morales
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE DIGESTIVE

14

SYSTEM AND BODY


METABOLISM

The digestive system processes food so that it can be absorbed and used
by the body’s cells. The digestive organs are responsible for food ingestion,
digestion, absorption, and elimination of undigested remains from the body.
In one sense, the digestive tract can be viewed as a disassembly line in which
food is carried from one stage of its breakdown process to the next by mus-
cular activity, and its nutrients are made available en route to the cells of the
body. In addition, the digestive system provides for one of life’s greatest
pleasures—eating.

The anatomy of both alimentary canal and accessory digestive organs, mechan-
ical and enzymatic breakdown, and absorption mechanisms are covered in
this chapter. An introduction to nutrition and some important understandings
about cellular metabolism (utilization of foodstuffs by body cells) are also
considered in this chapter review.

ANATOMY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM


1. Complete the following statements by inserting your answers in the
answer blanks.

_________________________ 1. The digestive system is responsible for many body processes.


Its functions begin when food is taken into the mouth, or
_________________________ 2. (1) . The process called (2) occurs as food is broken
down both chemically and mechanically. For the broken-
_________________________ 3. down foods to be made available to the body cells, they must
be absorbed through the digestive system walls into the  (3) .
_________________________ 4. Undigestible food remains are removed, or (4) , from the
body in (5) . The organs forming a continuous tube from
_________________________ 5. the mouth to the anus are collectively called the (6) .
Organs located outside the digestive tract proper, which
_________________________ 6. secrete their products into the digestive tract, are referred to
as (7) digestive system organs.
_________________________ 7.

279
280 Anatomy & Physiology Coloring Workbook

2. Figure 14–1 is a frontal view of the digestive system.


(A) Correctly identify all structures provided with leader lines.
(B) Select different colors for the following organs and color the
coding circles and the corresponding structures of the figure.

○ Esophagus ○ Pancreas ○ Tongue

○ Liver ○ Salivary glands ○ Uvula

○ Large intestine ○ Small intestine ○ Stomach

Figure 14–1

Trachea

Diaphragm
Chapter 14 The Digestive System and Body Metabolism 281

3. Figure 14 –2 illustrates oral cavity structures.


(A) Correctly identify all structures provided with leader lines.
(B) Color the following:

Figure 14–2

4. Various types of glands secrete substances into the alimentary tube. Match the
glands listed in Column B to the functions/locations described in Column A.
Place the correct term or letter response in the answer blanks.

Column A Column B

_________________________ 1. Produce an enzyme-poor “juice” A. Gastric glands


containing mucus; found in the
submucosa of the small intestine B. Intestinal glands

_________________________ 2. Secretion includes amylase, which C. Liver


begins starch digestion in the mouth
D. Pancreas
_________________________ 3. Ducts a variety of enzymes in an E. Salivary glands
alkaline fluid into the duodenum

_________________________ 4. Produces bile, which is transported


to the duodenum via the bile duct

_________________________ 5. Produce hydrochloric acid and


pepsinogen

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