PASS COLLEGE

Quezon Ave., Alaminos City, Pangasinan

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
MODULE 4. WEEK 5

Edmar Tumomba
Instructor
LESSON 1. COMMUNICATION AND GLOBALIZATION
“Globalization is not the only thing influencing events in the world today, but to extent that there is a North
Star and a worldwide shaping force, it is this system.”
- Tomas Friedman

SOCIETY- is composed of individuals.

Communication makes humans a
superior animal. The process of
communication has always been and
will always play a significant role in the existence of human life

History
● No symptoms of speech and writing
● Took a very long time before they started to speak.
● Communication was only at intra-personal level (Intrapersonal Communication)
● Interaction between the individuals increased (Interpersonal Communication)
● Thinking in wider perspective
● Communication broadened its horizon to group communication, organizational communication and then
mass communication.

investments
religion science

Infras-
tructure culture

econ
omy
education religion

belief
GLOBALIZATION

Globalization
-the integration and democratization of the world’s culture, economy, and infrastructure through transnational
investment, rapid proliferation of communication and information technologies, and the impacts of free-markets on
local, regional, national economies.

Impact of global communication

▪ It deals with the interconnectedness of the people in a global manner.
▪ Due to globalization people are adapted and accustomed to not only the western cultures but other culture as
well.
▪ Mass media has a big part on globalization in which it disseminates information rapidly.
▪ Increased Business Opportunities
▪ Creation of a Global Village
The phrase "global village" is coined by theorist Marshall McLuhan. Affected both by globalization and
global communication, the global village is created when distance and isolation no longer matter because people are
connected by technology.

Intercultural, multicultural and cross-cultural communication

Culture
▪ is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, encompassing language, religion,
cuisine, social habits, music and arts.
▪ a set of learned values, internalized practices, and shared beliefs among a group of people.

We often think of it simultaneously as something internal and external, both locked inside us and
overshadowing us. A more nuanced way to think about culture is that it’s something we perform and embody that
changes over time. As we grow up, we get better and better at reproducing the cultures we are seen to be part of. And
note that plural, cultures; we often participate in more than one, at different moments and contexts in our lives.

1. MULTICULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Multicultural Communication Situation

-is when people from multiple backgrounds, with different ways of communication, coexist without really
interacting deeply.
 There are multiple cultures present, but there isn’t much crossover or integration between the groups, who
remain largely separate. Often, there is one group (or maybe a few) that has the most prestige relative to the others.
This doesn’t have to be the case; instead, think of multicultural communication as the prerequisite for the other two
types. Here must be more than one culture to have the kind of moments produced by intercultural or cross-cultural
communication. But sometimes, it takes resources (such as language services) or a shift in attitudes to move beyond
this starting point.
When interactions between people in different cultures occur in a solely multicultural context, they are
rarely rich learning experiences for anyone involved.

2. INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
- verbal and nonverbal interaction between people from different cultural backgrounds.
-is a communication process in which people from different cultures try to understand what others try to
communicate and what their message mean.

Like multicultural communication, intercultural communication

acknowledges the coexistence of multiple cultures in a single space.
However, it goes one step further by focusing on the productive
encounters that are constantly taking place
between cultures. If individuals can embody
or perform multiple cultures, then any
interaction between two people can
potentially be an intercultural one. They
may or may not share a common language;
even within English, there are many cultures
at play. But from a translation and
interpreting point of view, an intercultural
moment is perhaps most apparent when it
happens across languages.

Training in language and culture is

an important part of acclimating to an
unfamiliar living situation, especially when
moving abroad. After all, the point is not
only to learn vocabulary and grammar, but
also something of the worldview and
practices. By being self-aware, and thinking of
yourself as an active participant in multiple
cultures, you enrich your own perspective.

3. CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION
-is a field of study that looks at how people from differing cultural backgrounds communicate, in similar
and different ways among themselves, and how they endeavor to communicate across cultures. Intercultural
communication is a related field of study. Or simply, the comparison between two (or more) cultures.

For example, how do two groups differently handle a business situation like a job interview or board
meeting? This kind of perspective is most useful for workers who are planning to relocate abroad.
 Potential assignees should learn the relative
difference of specific communicative moments from
their own, which can help avoid culture shock. But
sometimes the patterns found in specific cases are
generalized into personality attributes that are
applied to all cases.

Be careful with this assumption, as it can

lead you to think everyone from a particular group is
hopelessly different. Simply comparing the norms of
how people behave does not on its own explain an
entire culture, or its members.
Any given moment of communication can move
through all three of these frames, depending on the
participants’ behavior. It takes practice, but the more
exposure you have, the better you will understand how an interaction is unfolding.

Then, you can adjust your own style of speaking and acting to find common ground, even without a
common language. If there’s one quality all cultures share, it’s the expectation of being acknowledged—which is
the foundation of being understood

Transmit correct thoughts to the world.

LESSON 2. VARIETIES AND REGISTERS OF SPOKEN AND

WRITTEN LANGUAGE
 Even if we only speak one language, we speak many languages. For no language is a self-contained system.
Every language shows many different dimensions. Language is a living system.

LANGUAGE VARIETIES

VARITY
- refers to any variant of a language which can be sufficiently delimited from one another.
❖ Social
❖ Historical
❖ Spatial
❖ Or combination of these

In sociolinguistics, language variety—also called LECT—is a general term for any distinctive form
of a language or linguistic expression. Linguists commonly use language variety (or simply variety) as a cover term
for any of the overlapping subcategories of a language, including dialect, register, jargon, and idiolect.

LECT TO STANDARD ENGLISH

Standard English is a form of the English language that is written and spoken by educated users. For some
linguists, Standard English is a synonym for good or correct English usage.

Meaning, Standard English is commonly used by the educators, business industry, BPO, and the
government as a standard and acceptable form of communication.

The specific geographical dialect of English or a dialect favored by the most powerful and prestigious social
group

REASONS OF LANGUAGE VARIETY DEVELOPMENT

1. Differences can come about for geographical reasons

2. People who live in different geographic areas often develop distinct dialects—variations of Standard
English

The variety of English language from the region is basically adopted jargons and other terms which are
known to and understood by only members of that select group. This can be known also by how people speak the
language due to geographical location.

I. DIALECT

The word dialect—which contains "lect" within the term—derives from the Greek words dia-
meaning "across, between" and legein "speak." A dialect is a regional or social variety of a language distinguished
by pronunciation, grammar, and/or vocabulary. The term dialect is often used to characterize a way of speaking that
differs from the standard variety of the language.

Sarah Thomason of the Linguistic Society of America notes:

"All dialects start with the same system, and their partly independent histories leave different parts of the parent
system intact. This gives rise to some of the most persistent myths about language, such as the claim that the people
of Appalachia speak pure Elizabethan English."

Certain dialects have gained negative connotations in the U.S. as well as in other countries. Indeed, the
term dialect prejudice refers to discrimination based on a person's dialect or way of speaking. Dialect prejudice is a
type of linguicism—discrimination based on dialect.

In their article "Applied Social Dialectology," published in "Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of

the Science of Language and Society," Carolyn Temple and Donna Christian observe:
"...dialect prejudice is endemic in public life, widely tolerated, and institutionalized in social enterprises that affect
almost everyone, such as education and the media. There is limited knowledge about and little regard for linguistic
study showing that all varieties of a language display systematicity and that the elevated social position of standard
varieties has no scientific linguistic basis.“

Due to this kind of dialectic prejudice, Suzanne Romaine, in "Language in Society," notes:
"Many linguists now prefer the term variety or lect to avoid the sometimes pejorative connotations that the term
'dialect' has."

Registers are used in all forms of communication, including written, spoken, and signed. Depending on
grammar, syntax, and tone, the register may be extremely rigid or very intimate. You don't even need to use an actual
word to communicate effectively. A huff of exasperation during a debate or a grin while signing "hello" speaks
volumes.

Example

When you speak to the President of the Philippines you will casually use formal language and not the
language you are using on your brother or your friend.

FOUR CATEGORIES OF REGISTER

1. FAMILIAR

This register is normally used between people who know each other well. Features of this register show a
lack of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and usually contains slang and jargon.

For example:
● Hey,
● Will arrive evening. Did not catch bus.
● Later
● John

2. INFAMILIAR

Generally journalism and occasionally academic writing use this register. When using an informal register,
there is usually a close relationship between the writer, audience and topic with a degree of casualness. However,
care must be taken in order not to mistake informal for familiar registers. The features of this register are different
from the familiar register as more care is taken with grammar etc. However, the tone is conversational, using
colloquial language, compared to the formal register.
For example:

While I was on my way to the Science Lab., a thought struck me that perhaps all that we think is possible,
may not be. For example, a friend and I were contemplating the prospect of dumping our classes and hanging out in
our favorite café instead. We found that what we thought was possible, actually wasn't as our lecturer intervened on
our way, ending up that we attended class anyway. Does this mean that what we originally thought was possible,
can't be, as something will always intervene? How does this affect prediction and planning?

3. FORMAL

A formal register is neither colloquial nor personal and is the register that is mostly used in academic writing. It
is a register where strong opinions can be expressed objectively, it does not break any of the rules of written
grammar and often has a set of rules of what not to do when using this register. The following extract is from
Crystal's book: A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics (Crystal, 1997).

Less rigid but still constrained, the formal register is used in professional, academic, or legal settings where
communication is expected to be respectful, uninterrupted, and restrained. Slang is never used, and contractions are
rare. Examples: a TED talk, a business presentation, the Encyclopaedia Brittanica, "Gray's Anatomy," by Henry
Gray.

For example:

Several stages of development have been distinguished in the first year of a child's life when it develops the
skills necessary to produce a successful first word. According to Crystal (1997), primitive vocal sounds are
displayed within the first two months with basic features of speech such as the ability to control air flow and produce
rhythmic utterance. Sounds such as cooing, quieter sounds with a lower pitch and more musical develop between six
and eight weeks of age. Cooing dies away around three and four months and then a period called vocal play
develops; an experimental stage, where a baby has more control and experiments with vocal practice.

4. CEREMONIAL

Modern academic writing rarely uses this register. Sometimes, it may be encountered when reading
transcripts of speeches or historical documents. Often, misunderstandings in recognizing the difference between
ceremonial and formal registers occur when writers are experimenting with new vocabulary. A dictionary will help
you make the right choices and reading academic texts will help you become more familiar with the appropriate
choices.

For example:

I stand on this rostrum with a sense of deep humility and great pride - humility in the wake of those great
architects of our history who have stood here before me, pride in the reflection that this home of legislative debate
represents human liberty in the purest form yet devised.
Here are centered the hopes and aspirations and faith of the entire human race.
(General MacArthur's Address to Congress April 19, 1951: Old soldiers never die they just fade away extracted
from the American Experience homepage)

II. JARGON
 Jargon refers to the specialized language of a professional or occupational group. Such language is often
meaningless to outsiders. American poet David Lehman has described jargon as "the verbal sleight of hand that
makes the old hat seem newly fashionable; it gives an air of novelty and specious profundity to ideas that, if stated
directly, would seem superficial, stale, frivolous, or false."

Example

Examples of Medical Jargons

► acute - a condition that comes on suddenly
► agonal - term to signify a major, negative change in a patient's condition
► atypical - something that isn’t completely normal
► comorbid - two or more conditions that occur at the same time

Examples of Business Jargon

► bang for the buck - a term that means to get the most for your money
► core competency - basic strength of a group or company
► due diligence - putting effort into research before making a business decision
► drill down - to look at a problem in detail

Examples of Police Jargons

► 10-4 - radio jargon meaning, “Okay” or “I understand”
► assumed room temperature - an individual has died
► beat - an officer’s parole area
► berries and cherries - the lights on top of a police car

QUESTION TO PONDER.

What do you think of those varieties of language? Have you ever encountered those varieties? Share your answer on
the threads.

REFERENCE

● https://awelu.srv.lu.se/grammar-and-words/register-and-style/register-types/
● https://www.thoughtco.com/language-variety-sociolinguistics-
1691100#:~:text=In%20sociolinguistics%2C%20language%20variety%E2%80%94also,register%2C%20
jargon%2C%20and%20idiolect
● American Experience (2009) .Retrieved from
www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/macarthur/filmmore/reference/primary/macspeech05.html
WEEK 5 LESSON 1

How to Communicate Globally

LEARN MORE →

Connecting with people on the other side of the world is now much easier than it was a few
years ago. Satellites, fiber-optic cables and the internet make it effortless to share information
with those in different time zones and locations. Global communication is directly affected by
the process of globalization, and helps to increase business opportunities, remove cultural
barriers and develop a global village. Both globalization and global communication have
changed the environmental, cultural, political and economic elements of the world.

Increased Business Opportunities

Many companies today hire employees that are located in other countries. Using
communication vehicles such as video calling make it simple to converse with colleagues
across the globe, almost making it feel as if they are in the same room. Technology also
makes it easier to connect with suppliers and customers all over the world, and to streamline
those relationship through improves ordering, shipment tracking and so on. With this kind of
communication technology, many businesses are able to take advantage of opportunities in
different countries or cities, improving the economic outlook on a global level.
Thanks to global communications, information itself can be transferred as a valuable business
asset from one country to another. This has the effect of making everyone's operations more
modern and efficient, regardless where they are located.

Fewer Cultural Barriers

Many people perceive culture to be the root of communication challenges. When people from
two different cultures try to exchange information, the way they speak, their body language or
their mannerisms can be interpreted differently by the other person. The way people approach
problems and how they participate in communities is all influenced by culture.
Globalization has made it possible, for example, for someone in Japan to understand how
someone in the U.S. goes about their day. With television and movies, cultural barriers are
becoming less prevalent. Being able to communicate effectively and frequently with colleagues
or friends across the planet helps people understand each other’s cultures a little better.

Creation of a Global Village

You’ve likely heard of the phrase "global village," coined by theorist Marshall McLuhan.
Affected both by globalization and global communication, the global village is created when
distance and isolation no longer matter because people are connected by technology. Wide-
spread telephone and internet access have been life-changing for many people across the
world, especially those in developing countries. Many are now enrolling in universities across
the world without having to leave their desk chair. Virtual assistant jobs are becoming
commonplace, where employees from developing countries work with companies in North
America or Europe, providing administrative support and other business services that can
easily be conducted over the phone or via the internet.
Globalization and global communication have made it easier to see people on the other side of
the world as a neighbor, instead of a stranger from a faraway land. There is so much
knowledge about other countries and cultures available online, that it’s no longer a complete
mystery.

Anam Ahmed. The Effects of Globalization on Global Communication, November 21, 201
https://bizfluent.com/info-8232542-effects-globalization-global-communication.html

PASS College
Quezon Ave., Poblacion, Alaminos City, Pangasinan
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

In a diverse world around us, we can easily find people who can adapt in a variety of cultures and understandings. As a people
who stayed longer and have been in the place for so long they have faced many indifferences and cultural shock.
In this activity, you need to find an individual who has encountered cultural indifferences. Apply all the things we have
discussed in lesson 2. Write an article about your documentary on the actual interview process and create your own writing style
of presentation.

Rubrics

Criteria Points Points Points

10-8 points 7-5 points 4-1 points

Content The student was able to ask and The student was moderately able The student was good enough to
deliver quality questions and to ask and deliver quality questions ask and deliver quality questions
brought out the substantial and brought out some substantial and brought out few substantial
connection on the lesson. connection on the lesson. connections on the lesson.

30-26 25-21 20-15

Article The student was most The student was satisfactorily able The student was fairly able to
Presentation satisfactorily able to present the to present the topic with a quality present the topic with a quality
topic presentation. presentation.
with a quality presentation.

10-8 points 7-5 points 4-1 points

Topic The topic was seen directly and The topic was seen moderately The topic was not so connected to
connected to the article. The connected to the article. The article the article. The article is fairly
article is logical enough to is moderately logical to logical to understand.
understand. understand.

Fifty (50) total points

PASS College
Quezon Avenue, Alaminos City, Pangasinan
Quiz 1
Part 1: Choose the letter of your best answer.

"Call the doctor, stat!" is a jargon of what field? *2 points

a. Mathematics
b. Science
c. Medicine
d. Education

A group of individual who use and develop the language. *2 points

a. Nation
b. Country
c. person
d. Society
John is questioning the applicant’s knowledge on the Tourism Industry. The interviewee seemingly answered the
question according to the honesty and professionalism. The situation is an example of ___________. *2 points
a. Jargon
b. Register
c. Lect
d. Standard English

A language used by group of professionals and educated persons with proper usage, grammar and communication
use. *2 points
a. Dialect
b. Standard English
c. Language
d. Register

Japan, China and North Korea try to isolate their knowledge and inventions by using their national language.
However, Philippines is a sponge like country who adapt and revise information from other country. The three
countries on the first sentence is using what cultural communication? *2 points
a. Multi-cultural Communication
b. Intercultural Communication
c. Cross-cultural Communication
d. Communication

Answer the following:

In what situation register and jargon can be observed at the same time? *5 points
Philippines is a multi-lingual country which binds the people together with its distinct culture and tradition. As a citizen, in
what cultural type of communication is Philippines is under, and why? *5 points