DESIGN THINKING

SHORT ANSWERS
1] What are the characteristics of successful new product development?

A] THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUCCESSFUL NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT ARE:

1.AN ACTIVE PRODUCT OWNER

2.GOOD PROBLEM-SOLVING TEAM

3.CLEAR OBJECTIVES

4.NOVELTY OF THE PRODUCT

5.PRODUCT ROADMAP

6.SOLID RESEARCH

7.THROUGH TESTING

8.FOCUSED APPROACH

9.TIMELINE

2] What is Design Thinking?

A] Design Thinking is cognitive and practical processes by which design concepts are

developed by designers. (0R)

Design thinking is a non-linear, iterative process that teams use to understand users,

challenge assumptions, redefine problems and create innovative solutions to

prototype and test.

3] List the most important five principles of design thinking.

 A] 1. User-centricity and empathy

 2. Collaboration

 3. Ideation

 4. Experimentation and iteration

5. A bias towards action

4] What are the qualities of a good engineer?

A] THE QUALITIES OF A GOOD ENGINEER ARE:

1. CREATIVITY

2. ABILITY TO WORK AS A PART OF THE TEAM

3. INITIATIVE AND PERSISTANCE

4.TECHNICAL COMPETENCE

5. MULTIDISIPLINARY KNOWLEDGE

5] What are the factors in design methodology?

A] 1. CUSTOMER REQIREMENTS

2. PRODUCTION FACILITIES

3. RAW MATERIALS TO BE USED

4. COST TO PRICE RATIO

5. QUALITY POLICY

6. PLANT AND MACHINERY

7. EFFECT ON EXISTING PRODUCTS

8. REPUTATION OF THE COMPANY

6] What are the steps in the planning and design process?

7] What is Ideation?

A] Ideation is the ability to form images of things that either are not physically present
or have never been conceived or created by others. It provides both the fuel and
source material for innovative solutions for building prototypes. It aims to use
Creativity & Innovation to develop better solutions.

8] What do you mean by Critical thinking?

A] Critical thinking is that mode of thinking — about any subject, content, or

problem — in which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully,
analyzing , assessing, and reconstructing it. Critical thinking is self-directed, self-
disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking. It presupposes assent to
rigorous standards of excellence and mindful command of their use. It entails
effective communication and problem-solving abilities, as well as a commitment to
overcome our native egocentrism and sociocentrism.

9] What are the decision-making qualities?

A]
10] What are key elements of innovation?

A]

11] What are the four Rules introduced in design thinking?

A] According to Christoph Meinel and Larry Leifer, there are four Rules to design
thinking.

• The Human Rule

• The Ambiguity Rule

• The Re-design

• The Tangibility Rule

12] List out the Phases in Design thinking process.

A] THERE ARE FIVE PHASES IN DESIGN THINKING PROCESS:

1. Empathize

2. Define the problem

3. Conceptualize/ideate

4. Prototype

5.Test

13] What is Ideate?

A] Ideation is the ability to form images of things that either are not physically present
or have never been conceived or created by others. IT IS A DESIGN PROCESS

CONCENTATED ON IDEA GENERATION. It provides both the fuel and source material
for innovative solutions for building prototypes. It aims to use Creativity & Innovation
to develop better solutions.

14] What is the Brain writing method of Ideation?

A] BRAIN WRITING IS AN EASY METHOD. INSTEAD OF ASKING PARTICIPANTS TO

SHOUT OUT IDEAS, THEY ARE TOLD TO PEN DOWN THEIR IDEAS ABOUT SPECIFIC
PROBLEM OR QUESTION ON SHEETS OF PAPER. THIS IS CARRIED FOR FEW
MINUTES.AFTER THAT, EACH PARTICIPANT CAN PASS THEIR IDEAS TO SOMEONE
ELSE. THE SOMEONE ELSE READS THE IDEAS AND CAN ADD SOME MORE IDEAS.
THEN THE PAPERS ARE PASSED TO SOMEONE AND PROCESS CONTINUES FOR 15
MINUTES. ANY PARTICIPANT CAN COLLECT ALL SHEETS AND CAN PUT UP AN
INSTANT DISCUSSION.

15] What is Dot Voting?

A] THIS IS AN IDEA SCREENING METHOD IN WHICH:

16] What is main classification of Idea techniques?

A] THE IDEA TECHNIQUES ARE OF TWO TYPES:

1. Conventional Methods / Traditional Methods

2. INTUTIVE METHODS

17] What are the colours of hats in six Thinking hats method of idea selection?

A] White Hat : Information Gathering

 Red Hat : Feelings, Intuition & Emotions

 Black Hat : Caution, criticism & Assessing risks

 Yellow Hat : Benefits & Feasibility

 Green Hat : Creativity, New ideas & possibilities.

 Blue Hat : Process Control

18] What is SCAMPER?

A] SCAMPER is an idea generation technique that utilizes action verbs as stimuli. It is
a well-known kind of checklist developed by Bob Eberie that assists the person in
coming up with ideas either for modifications that can be made on an existing product

or for making a new product. SCAMPER is an acronym with each letter standing for an
action verb which in turn stands for a prompt for creative ideas.

• 1. Substitute

• 2. Combine

• 3. Adapt

• 4. Modify

• 5. Put to another use

• 6. Eliminate

• 7. Reverse

19] Write steps in Agile software model?

A]

1. Requirements

2. Analysis

3. Design Phase

4. Development or Coding

5. Testing

6. Deployment & Maintenance

20] what is application programming interface?

A] API is the acronym for Application Programming Interface, which is a software

intermediary that allows two applications to talk to each other. When you use an
application on your mobile phone, the application connects to the Internet and sends
data to a server. The server then retrieves that data, interprets it, performs the
necessary actions and sends it back to your phone. The application then interprets
that data and presents you with the information you wanted in a readable way. This is
what an API is - all of this happens via API.

21] what do you understand by data prototyping

A] Data Prototyping is a term used to describe a technique whereby single or multiple

data sources are transformed into a resultant dataset without any operational
systems being impacted.

Data prototyping can be used in many scenarios but is particularly useful during:

• Data migrations

• Data integration initiatives

 • Application implementation projects

22] what is the low fidelity prototype?

A] LOW FIDELITY ARE PAPER PROTOTYPES SUITABLE AT THE EARLY STAGES OF

DESIGN AND ARE REFINED THROUGHOUT THE PROCESS. THESE PROTOTYPES HELP
TO MAKE CHANGES QUICKLY. THE THEY FOCUS MORE ON THE WAY OF USING THE
SYSTEM WHICH MAKES DESIGNERS AND DEDVELOPERS MORE OPEN TO CHANGES
BASED ON USER FEEDBACK. LO-FI HELPS THE TEAM AND AUDIENCE TO
UNDERSTAND THE PRODUCT WELL. LO-FI ARE INEFFECTIVE IN COMPLEX PRODUCT
IN DESIGN

23] What is Extreme programming (XP)?

A] EXTREME PROGRAMMING (XP) IS AN AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

FRAMEWORK THAT AIMS TO PRODUCE HIGH-QUALITY SOFTWARE. XP IS MOST
SPECIFIC OF THE AGILE FRAMEWORKS REASONING APPROPRIATE ENGINEERING
PRACTICES FOR SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT.

24] Difference between wicked and tame problems?

A]

25] Mention any two benefits of service Blueprinting?

A] 1. Provides an overview so employees can relate “what I do” to the service viewed
as an integrated whole, thus reinforcing a customer-oriented focus among employees.
2. Identifies fail points, that is, weak links of the chain of service activities, which
points can be the target of continuous quality improvement.

3. Line of interaction between external customers and employees illuminates the

customer’s role and demonstrates where the customer experiences quality, thus
contributing to informed service design.

4. Line of visibility promotes a conscious decision on what customers should see and
which employees will be in contact with customers, thus facilitating rational service
design.

26] What is a service Blueprint

A] SEVRVICE BLUEPRINT IS A DIAGRAM THAT VISUALIZES THE RELATIONSHIPS

BETWEEN DIFFERENT SERVICE COMPONENTS: PEOPLE,PROPS(PHYSICAL OR

DIGITAL EVIDENCE),AND PROCESSES THATARE DIRECTLY TIED TO TOUCHPOINTS IN

A SPECIFIC CUSTOMER JOURNEY.

27] What are the tips for improving strategic thinking in design?

A] Creating and executing a strategy is both art and science. Here is a useful

framework for implementing strategic thinking in design:

Assess - gain an understanding of the project in a holistic way, including an analysis

of constraints, opportunities, and seeing the bigger picture through the lens of the

business.

Understand - make sense of the project in terms of the design and business goals. Tie

the project’s outcome back to business objectives and show key results that will help

support those objectives.

Learn - formulate the elements of the strategy by planning tasks and milestones that

directly support the core objectives. Ask a LOT OF STRATEGIC QUESTIONS FOR

EXAMPLE: WHO ARE WE DESIGNING THIS PRODUCT FOR.

Execute - act on the strategy and make sure the entire team is included. Strategic

thinking works best in collaboration.

Check - as tasks are accomplished during the design process, it’s a good idea to

reassess their effectiveness in achieving the goals and outcomes intended.

Strategic thinking, even in design, is a process that may seem a bit uncomfortable at

first, but with a bit of persistence, it will create a stronger bond between the c

28] Mention any two pillars of the fourth industrial revolution.

 Data Integration
 Analytics Industrialization
  Augmented Intelligence
 Cross-functional Collaboration
29] What is service design?
A] Service design is a process where designers create sustainable solutions and
optimal experiences for both customers in unique contexts and any service providers
INVOLVED.
Designers break services into sections and adapt fine-tuned solutions to suit all users’
needs in context—based on actors, location and other factors.
30] What is strategic thinking?

A] Strategic planning involves gathering data and deciding on a path that the business

or project will take to achieve its goals. Strategic thinking involves everyone at all

levels of the organization/design team consistently finding and contributing to

activities that add to the organization’s success. To think strategically means to see,

and understand the bigger picture of where a team or organization needs to go, and

then take action. Everyone participates