Report on

Industrial
Potential Survey – 2017
Idukki District

Compiled by
District Industries Centre
Idukki
 Preface
The development of any region depends on the growth of different sectors of its economy. The
industrial development of any region depends on the resources, skills, infrastructure etc. available in that
area and the demand for goods and services. Keeping this in view and the urgent necessity for acceleration
the industrial growth of the State, the Government of Kerala decided to institute an Industrial Potential
Survey in all districts.

The report of Industrial Potential Survey of Idukki District is prepared with the aim to analyse the
industrial scenario of district on par with the availability of resources and infrastructure and thus to identify
potential industrial sectors prominent for rapid industrialization based on consumer taste and demand.
Efforts have been made to point out the Weakness in facilities and to study the problem faced by the
entrepreneur in MSME sector.

Though the district lack rich infrastructure the abundance of mineral and agriculture resource are
immensely helpful for setting up a large number of manufacturing units in MSME sector. The government
objective of achieving balanced regional development, encouraging new and prospective entrepreneurs,
optimum utilization of resources and exploiting local skills etc have been kept in mind while preparing the
report. The role of other Government agencies involved in industrial promotion and growth achieved
through them are also considered in this report.

I thank for all Officers whose contributions to data collection, analysis and interpretation is a
valuable asset for the preparation of the report.

I hope that this publication provides useful information on the assessment problems and
shortcoming in the process of implementation of industrial promotional activities and would be extremely
useful to the planners and policy makers to take suitable action to ensure industrial development of the
district.

Sd/-

Cheruthoni Biju Kurian

30.10.2017 General Manager

 INDEX

Chapter Particulars Page No.

1 MSME Sector
1.1 MSME sector in India 1
1.2 MSME Sector in Kerala and Idukki 3
1.3 Potential sectors in Idukki District 3
1.4 Potential areas for service industry 3
2 The Background
2.1 Location and extent 4
2.2 topography 6
2.3 Climate 6
2.4 District at a Glance 6
3 Resource Analysis
3.1 Agriculture 9
3.2 Soil Type 17
3.3 Irrigation Facilities 18
3.4 Animal Husbandry 19
3.5 The Veterinary Institutions in the District 23
3.6 Fisheries 23
3.7 Water recourses 26
3.8 Mineral resources 29
3.9 Forest Resources 29
3.10 Human Resources 35
3.11 Education 40
3.12 Health 46
3.13 Employment Exchange 46
3.4 Tourism 47
4 Transportation, Communication and Power
4.1 Transportation 56
4.2 Rail way and Airports 56
4.3 Communication 57
4.4 Power Generation 57
5 Banking, Kudumbasree and Markets
5.1 Banking Statistics 63
5.2 Private Sector Banks 64
5.3 Co-operative Sector Banks 64
5.4 Kudumbasree 65
5.5 Markets Registered 67
6 Industrial Land
6.1 Industrial development plot 69
6.2 Mini Industrial Estate 69
6.3 Identification of land for industrial Purpose 70
7 Existing Industrial Scenario
7.1 Industry at a glance 72
7.2 List of PSU/ Prominent /Major industries in the District 74
7.3 List of Industrial Co-operative Societies 78
7.4 Entrepreneurship Development Clubs 85
 7.5 Cluster 85
7.6 Incubation Centres 86
7.7 Traditional Sectors in the District 86
7.8 Major Exports in the District 86
7.9 Problems and Issues 86
7.10 Prospects & Potential of Idukki 87
8 SWOT analysis
8.1 SWOT analysis 88
8.2 Potential sectors 90
9 Proposed Pattern of Indoctrination 93
10 Project Profile 100
 CHAPTER 1
MSME SECTOR: the Backbone of Economic Development

The MSME (Micro Small and Medium Enterprises) sector is an important pillar of Indian
economy as it contributes greatly to growth of Indian economy with a vast network of around 30
million units, creating employment of about 70 million, manufacturing more than 6000 products,
contributing about 45% to manufacturing output and about 40% of exports, directly and indirectly.
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) contribute nearly 8 percent of the country’s GDP,
45 percent of the manufacturing output and 40 percent of the exports. They provide the largest
share of employment after agriculture. They are the nurseries for entrepreneurship and
innovation. They are widely dispersed across the country and produce a diverse range of products
and services to meet the needs of the local markets, the global market and the national and
international value chains.
1.1 MSME Sector in India
The industrial sector is one of the main sectors that contribute to the Indian GDP. The
country ranks fourteenth in the factory output in the world. The industrial sector is made up of
manufacturing, mining and quarrying, and electricity, water supply, and gas sectors. As per the
provisional estimate National GDP, for the year 2016-17 the industrial sector accounts for around
19.11% of the India GDP and it employs over 17% of the total workforce in the country. The
Growth Rate of the Industrial Sector in India GDP came to around 7.55% in 2016- 17. In this year,
within the India GDP, the mining and quarrying sector contributed 1.18%, the electricity, water
supply, and gas sector contributed 6.07 %, and the manufacturing sector contributed around
8.53%.
The following table shows the component wise contribution of Industrial sector of GDP at
current prices (base on 1011-12 series)
Year 2011-12 % 2012-13 % 2013-14 %
Mining & quarrying 261035 2.99 285842 2.87 295794 2.63
Manufacturing 1409986 16.14 1572837 15.82 1713452 15.25
electricity , water supply,
and gas sector 186668 2.14 215350 2.17 260155 2.32
Industry Total 1857689 21.26 2074029 20.86 2269401 20.20
GDP 8736329 100 9944013 100 11233522 100
Year 2014-15 % 2015-16 % 2016-17 %
Mining & quarrying 314177 2.52 296253 2.17 301921 1.99
Manufacturing 1883937 15.14 2064820 15.09 2257413 14.87
electricity , water supply, 279631 2.25 321651 2.35 342422 2.26
1
 and gas sector
Industry Total 2477745 19.91 2682724 19.61 2901756 19.11
GDP 12445128 100 13682035 100 15183709 100
It can be seen that the contribution of Industry sector in diminishing year by year and its rate is
give in the diagram.

% Growth rate of industry sector

21.5 21.3
20.9
21

20.5 20.2
19.9
20
19.6
19.5 % to GDP
19.1
19

18.5

18
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

The following table shows % Contribution of Industrial sector and GDP at current prices (base on
1011-12 series)
Year 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Mining & quarrying 2.99 2.87 2.63 2.52 2.17
Manufacturing 16.14 15.82 15.25 15.14 15.09
electricity ,water supply& gas 2.14 2.17 2.32 2.25 2.35
Industry Total 21.26 20.86 20.20 19.91 19.61
GDP 100 100 100 100 100

25.00

20.00

15.00 Min and Quarr

Manufacturing

10.00 Elec, Gas &water

Industry
5.00

0.00
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

2
1.2 MSME Sector: Kerala &Idukki
Industrial sector occupies a vital role in the state economy. It plays a very important part in
the overall economy of the region. Idukki is an industrially backward District with of infrastructure
like electricity, transportation, and communication etc., hinder industrial development. The
district with its natural beauty, evergreen hills, valleys, forests, waterfalls, game sanctuaries, wild
flora and fauna, congenial and hospitable cool weather, etc. offers vast potential for forest and
agro based industries and tourism development. Potential industries are less compared to other
districts. About 97% of the total area of the district is comprised by rugged mountains and forests.
There are strips of middle land (3%) in the western part of the district. Low land area is totally
absent in the district more than 50% of the area of the district is covered by forest. Availability of
land for Industries is very low. Hence the share of Idukki district in MSME Sector is very negligible
compared other districts.
1.3 Potential sectors in Idukki district
Idukki is generally perceived as a ‘Spices district’. Idukki is famous for its spices like Pepper,
Cardamom, Ginger, etc. and most of those products are transported in raw form. Value addition is
not done in here. So MSME’S like spices processing have high potential as we consider in terms of
raw material availability. Major potential New MSME’s are:- 1.Spices oils and Oleoresins 2.Curry
powder unit 3.Dry packed cardamom 4.Pepper processing industries 5.Tea and Coffee There are
some potential industries. Other than from spices, which are Building materials, Engineering units,
readymade garments, Rubber based industries etc.
1.4 Potentials areas for service industry
Tourism: A landlocked district, Idukki is one of the most nature rich areas of Kerala. As a
tourist destination, Idukki offers diverse attractions like Wildlife sanctuaries, Hill stations Dams,
Spice plantations tours, Mountain treks, Elephant rides etc. High ranges and wood valleys are
girded by three main rivers-Periyar, Thalayar and Thodupuzhayar and their tributaries

3
 CHAPTER 2

BACKGROUND

The Industrial Potential Survey of Idukki district was undertaken as part of creating positive
and significant impact in the MSME sector in the State. The Survey of Idukki district was conducted
with the following objectives in view:
1. To assess resources available in the district.
2. Local mapping and preparation of reports.
3. To prepare project profiles potentially viable for the district.
4. To prepare Entrepreneur Guides.
The survey involved collection of data both from primary and secondary sources. Data collected
from various government departments, developmental Agencies, financial institutions and
individual industries are supplemented with the field study. The samples were selected on the
basis of the field jurisdiction of Industries Extension Officers. Statistical data collected from Taluk
Industries offices were compiled, assessed and interpreted in the District Industries Centre.

2.1 LOCATION AND EXTENT

Idukki is the second largest district in Kerala was formed on 26th January 1972. The District
is bounded in the North by Mukundapuram Taluk of Thrisure District and PollachiTaluk and
UdumalpetTaluk of Coimbatore District of Tamilnadu State, on the west by Muvattupuzha,
Kothamangalam and KunnathunaduTaluks of Ernakulam District and Kanjirappally and
MeenachilTaluks of Kottayam District.

On the South, it is bounded by Pathanamthitta District and on the East by Kodaikanal and
UthamapalayamTaluk of Madurai District and SilvillipuramTaluk of Ramanathapuram District of
Tamilnadu State. The District lies between the North latitudes 9° 15’ and 10° 2’ and the East

4
longitudes 76°37’and 77°’25”.Idukki district consists of 5 Sub-micro Region namely (1) Anamalai
Forested Hills (2) MarayoorForested Hills (3) Cardamom Hills (4) Periyar River basin and (5)
Thekkedy Forested Hills.

The District is divided into two Revenue Divisions, 5 Taluks and 66 Villages. Revenue Division
Devikulam comprising of Devikulam, Udumbanchola and Idukki Revenue Division comprising of
5
Permade, Thodupuzha and Idukki . 30 Villages falls under Devikulam Revenue Division and 36
Villages comes under Idukki Revenue Division. Thodupuzha and Kattappana are the two Municipal
Towns.

2.2 TOPOGRAPHY
In Idukki District, nearly 90% of the area comes under high ranges covered by mountains, hills and
deep valleys. There is only a strip of Middle land in the western part of the district. Low land area
is totally absent in the district. More than 50% of the area of the district is covered by forest. There
are 14 peaks in the district which exceed a height of 2000 meters above the sea level. The highest
Peak in South India Anamudi which has an estimated height of 2817 meter, lies on Eastern Portion
of Kannan Devan Hills Village and the Minimum height is 107 mt. is in Mannamkandam village.
2.3 CLIMATE
The climate in the district undergoes a sudden variation as we go from West to East. The western
parts of the district comprising midland area experiences moderate climate, temperature varying
between 21° C to 27°C with minimum seasonal variation. The eastern parts of the district located
in the highland have a comparatively cold climate with temperature varying between minus 1°C
to 15°C in November/ January and 5 ° C to 15 ° C during March/April.
The district receives plenty of rains from both the South- West monsoon during June-August and
the North- East monsoon during October - November. The normal rainfall is 3265 mm. As
common to other parts of the state, the Idukkidistrictt also experiences both the south-west
monsoon (Edavappathy) and North-East Monsoon (Thulavarsham) during June-July and October -
November respectively. The former is more predominat with June experiencing the maximum
rainfall.
2.4 DISTRICT AT A GLANCE
Date of formation 26th January 1972
Latitude North 9° 2″& 10° 2″
Longitude East 76° 37″ & 77° 25″
Geographical Area 4,36,328 Ha
Demography
Total population (2011) census 11,08,974
Male 5,52,808
Female 5,56,166
Sex Ratio(female per 1000 males) 1006

6
 Population Density 254
Decadal Growth Rate -1.93
Child population(0-6years) 1,05,641
Per Capita income (2009-2010) (GDP at 53,991
Constant price) (in Rs.)
Total literacy rate(2011) 92.2
Male literacy rate 94.84
Female 89.59
Administrative setup
Taluks 5
Villages 66
Gramapanchyat 52
Block panchyat 8
Corporation 0
Municipalities 2
District panchyat 1
Loksabha seats 1
Niyamasabha seats 5
Educational district 2
Agricultural scenario
Total cropped area 3,08,268 Ha
Major agricultural items Pepper, Cardamom
Land put to non agri uses 11,971 Ha
Forest cover 1,98,413 Ha
Gross irrigated area 4631 Ha
Net irrigated area (2015-16) 28748 Ha
Production of rice (2015-16) 4744 T
Productivity of rice (2015-16) 2608 Kg/ Ha
Area under paddy cultivation 1819.37 Ha
Production of milk ((2015-16) 58299436 Ltr
Production of Meat (2015-16) 3055 MT
Average annual rainfall (2015-16) 309.15 mm

7
 Industrial status (Registered units) as on 31-12-2017
Heavy industries (Medium) 20
Micro Manufacturing 1932
Micro Service 1715
Small Manufacturing 152
Small Service 76
No of development plot/area 1 (500 cent)
No of Mini Industrial Area 4
Handloom societies 11
Power loom societies 1
Coir societies 0
General Industrial societies 82

8
 CHAPTER 3

RESOURCE ANALYSIS

3.1 AGRICULTURE

This chapter analyses the existing status and development issues of Agricultural sector in
the District. The revenue from agricultural sector is showing an increase trend, the crop wise area
devouring the food crops and there is not much increase in production and productivity of food
crops. Over the years there is a tendency to shift from food based to commercial based crops
complying with the change in economy particularly the change in money value in the global
economic conditions.
As per 9th Agriculture Census reports, 259615 land holdings are in Idukki District out of this
87.98% comes under the range upto 1 ha, Between 1 ha and 1.99 ha, 2 and 3.99, ha 4and 9.99 ha
and above 10 ha 8.88%, 2.52%, 0.49% and0.14% respectively . Soil types of Peermed and
Thodupuzha Taluks are laterite soil and that of Devikulam and Udumbanchola Taluks are alluvial
soil. Total geographical area of the District is 436328 hectares. Forest cover in 45.47% and land put
to nonagricultural use is about 2.89% of the total geographical area of the District. Net sown area
in the Districts 205664 hectares.
The diagram below shows percentage of number of land holdings in the District.

9
 2.52 0.49 0.14

8.88

Below 1 Hr
1 - 1.99
2 - 3.99
4 - 9.99
Above 10 Hr

87.98

Land use pattern in Hectares 2015-2016

i) Total Area 436328
ii) Forest Land 198413
iii) Non Agriculture Land 13714
iv) Cultivable Waste land 1515
(v) Current fallow 1884
(vi)Other Fallow 1201
(vii) Net Sown Area 205680
(viii) Land Under Misc. tree crops 156
(ix) Permanent Pasture and Grazing land
(x) Gross Cropped Area 270487
(xi) Area Cultivated more than once 64807
Crop wise Land use pattern
Pepper and Cardamom is the major crop cultivating in the District. Around 20.75% of the
cultivated area is covered for pepper and 15.47 % is covered for Cardamom in the District. Rubber
is the major cash crop in the low ranges if Idukki District.
Pepper

10
Idukki district has a share of 39% of the total area in the state. The production 25495 MT in 2015-
16. Based on production, 60.51% of the black pepper production in this state is from Idukki
district. The productivity of pepper in the district in 597 Kg/Hr and which is much more than any
district. Nedumkandam, Kattappana and Adimali blocks are the main pepper growing areas.
Pepper cultivation is more in Karunapuram
GramaPanchayath and comes around
(3800ha) followed by Kattappana
(3100ha). Productivity is more in
Vandanmedu
GramaPanchayath. Best quality bold type
pepper is producing from

RajakumaryGramapanchayath.. The spatial distribution of Pepper is shown in the figure

Cardamom
Cardamom is known as the “Queen of Spices”. It is
one of the most highly priced and exotic spices in
the world. Idukki district in Kerala is the major
cardamom-producing area and places such as

Udumbancholataluk, Peermedetaluk and Devikulamtaluk

are important centres in Idukki district. Cardamom is
traded as a bulk and graded produce. Cardamom is
graded by using sieve and fetches different prices based
on their size, colour and freshness, command varied
prices. The 7-mm and above grade with fancy green
colour commands a premium over other grades. The area
of Cardamom in 31810 ha and the productivity is 583 Kg /
ha and thus the production is 18530 MT. Idukki

11
contributes more than 70% of the cardamom production in India.
Rubber
The area under cultivation of rubber is 40580 ha with a productivity of
790 Kg /ha, thus the production in 32050 MT. Idukki has a share of 7.3
% of the rubber production in the state. The maximum area under
cultivation is in Peruvanthanam Grama Panchayat (3750ha) followed by
Alacode Grama Panchayat 3125ha and Kokkayar GramaPanchayat
(3050ha). Thehighest productivity is in Kodikulam and
UdumbannorGramaPanchayat (3500Kg) each followed by Kudayathur
Grama Panchayat (3000Kg). The rubber production is maximum is
Alacode Grama Panchayat (7812MT)followed
VannapuramGramaPanchayat (7700MT)and Velliyamattam(5000MT).
The spatialdistribution of the Rubbercultivation area is shown in figure.

Tea
Munnar is a famous tea
town in the Idukki district of
Kerala. It is a hill station also which
caters to a large number of tourists
all the year round. The general

elevation of the town is about 1600 m above sea level making it

a very pleasant place in summers. The town is situated on the
flat of the Kanan Devi Hills. The vast stretches of tea estates,
rolling hills, beautiful valleys and the confluence of the three

12
rivers make it a very popular destination for tourists in Kerala.. It is the hub of tea plantations in
Kerala.
There are scores of tea estates in and around Munnar. It is the place of one of the oldest tea
plantations in Kerala. Peermade is a hill station and tea plantation area of Idukki. It is situated on
way to Kumily at a distance of about 85 km from Kottayam.Some of the main Tea plantations in
Idukki district are Pallivasal Tea Estate, Aniyirankal Tea Estate, Kolukumalai Tea Estate, Panniar
Estate.
The area of cultivation of tea is 21970 ha, the productivity is 1834 Kg/ha and thus production is
40287 MT. Idukki has a share of 70% of the tea production in the state. DevikulamGramaPanchayat
is infirst place followed by Elappara.

Coconut
The area of cultivation of coconut is 16546 ha with
a 3808 numbers of nuts per ha per year. Thus the
production is 63 million nuts. With respect to area
of coconut cultivation, Idukki has only 2% share to
the state. Kanjikujzy Grama Panchayat has the
maximum area under coconut cultivation(900ha)
followed by Thodupuzha (M) 566ha
andErattayarGramaPanchayat500ha. Most of the
area is in the low range area. The average yield of
the district ranges from 20-50nut/palm/yr. The
spatial distribution of the Coconutcultivation area
is shown infigure.

13
 Coffee
The area of coffee plantation in Idukki is 12740
12
ha with a productivity of 666 Kg/ha. The
production is 8480 MT. With respect to area and
production it is 15%.and 12
2% of the state area
and production. The spatial distribution of the
Coffee cultivation area is shown in figure.
Paddy
The paddy growing area in Idukki District is 887
ha and it is 1% of the total area in thestate.
The production in 2198 MT and it is less than 1%

of the total production in the state. The

productivity is 2478Kg/
Kg/ ha. The spatial distribution
of paddy is shown figure.
Cocoa

The area of cocoa cultivation in Idukki district in

9059
ha.
With a

productivity of 1233 kg/ha the production is 11170

MT. It is 65% of the state area and 73%
73 of the state
production. Adimali, Vazhathope,
Vathikudy,Mariyapuram, Konnathady,Kanjikuzhy,
Kamakshy are the main cocoa growing area.
area Maximum
area under cocoa is in Konnathady Grama Panchayath.

14
(1800 ha) followed by Mariyapuram Grama Panchayath (1500 ha). Maximum productivity of cocoa
is in Vathikudy Grama Panchayath (755 kg/ha) and in Mariyapura
Mariyapuram
m Grama Panchayath (750
kg/ha). The spatial distribution of the Cocoa cultivation area is shown in figure.

Banana
The total area is 2705 ha. The production is 23662 MT and the
productivity is 8748 Kg/ha.The5% area of the Banana
Cultivation in the state is in Idukki district and the production
is 5% of totalbanana production of the state. The spatial
distribution of the Banana cultivation area is shown in figure.
Crop wise Land use pattern 2015-16
Sl. No Type Area (sq %
km)
1 Paddy 8.87 0.44
2 Sugar Crops 8.76 0.43
3 Pepper 426.94 21.06
4 Cardamom 318.1 15.69
5 Areca nut 22.44 1.11
6 Cashew 11.47 0.57
7 Jack fruit 154.28 7.61
8 Mango 62.24 3.07
9 Banana 34.86 1.72
10 Plantain 39.03 1.93
11 Tapioca 69.19 3.41
12 Tubers 15.51 0.77
13 Vegetables 64.2 3.17
14 Coconut 165.46 8.16
15 Rubber 405.8 20.02
16 Tea 219.7 10.84
Total 2026.85

Net cultivable area

There are 15 crops found as principal crops in the district are classified as Major crops, Sub Major
Crops and Minor crops based on area of cultivation. The crops classified as major cropsare Pepper,
Rubber and Cardamom, and the Sub Major crops are Tea, Coconut and Coffee andremaining crops
are identified as Minor crops. Inaddition that, some other crops also taken foranalysis
foranalysis.

15
 Crops %
Pepper 21.06
Rubber 20.02
Cardamom 15.69
Tea 10.84
Coconut 8.16
Jack fruit 7.61

Production & Productivity of Horticulture crops 2015-16

The production and productivity of major crops in the District is given in the following table.

Crop Production (Tones ) Productivity (Kg/Hr)

Paddy 2198 2478
Coconut (Million No) 63 million 3808 nos
Rubber 32050 790
Banana 30115 8639
Other Plantain 39164 10034
Areca nut 1597 712
Pepper 25495 597
Jack fruit (Million No) 60 million 3889 nos
Mango 45095 7245
Raw Cashew nuts 376 328
Nutmeg 1997 620

Horticulture & Plantation

Area, production and productivity of major Horticulture crops 2015-16
Production Productivity
Name of Crops Area (Ha)
(Tones) (Kg/Ha)
Cashew 1147 376 328
Arecanut 2244 1597 712
Pepper 42694 25495 597
Rubber 40580 32050 790
Nutmeg 3221 1997 620
Mango 6224 45095 7245
16
 Jack fruit (Million No) 15428 60 million 3889 nos
Plantain including Banana 7389 69279
Coconut (Million No) 16546 63 million 3808 nos
Tea 21970 40287 1834
Coffee 12740 8480 666

Land Pattern

All the lands are present in above Mean Sea Level minimum of 20 metre to maximum of 1800
Metre. Table No 10.3 shows the %of area and type of Land pattern in Idukki. Agriculture is
identified as the backbone of the economy of the district with about7% of the total area is under
agricultural land use (Agriculture, Plantation, Resi./ Agriculture mixed land uses).Most of the
agricultural areas are concentrated in the mid land and highland regions of the district.
3.2 Soil Types
In Idukki district the soil type like late rite soil and Alluvial soils are present in most of the LSGs.The
other soils present in the district are given in the table

17
3.3 IRRIGATION FACILITIES
The district is drained by two west flowing and one east flowing rivers. Almost 80% of the district
is drained by Periyar river, which is one of the largest river in Kerala and it originates at the south
eastern border of the district. The tributaries confluence into Periyar Lake, there after the river
takes a roughly northwestern course up to Ayyappancoil and then a northern course for about 20
km till Kumbalankudi. From there on, the river takes almost a straight line course roughly in a
North Western direction. The important tributaries of Periyar river in the district are Mulla river,
Panni river, Puyankutti river, Perinjamkutti river and Muthirapuzha river. The Periyarriver and its
tributaries exhibit good structural control and are aligned along major fracture zones. The two
major tributaries of Muvattupuzha river viz. Kaliyar and ThodupuzhaAr originates from the
Thodupuzha and Nagarampara reserve forests in the district. The north eastern part of the district
is drained by the tributaries of Amaravathi river viz. Pambariver and Ten Ar which are east flowing.
Small area in the southern part of the district is drained by Azhutha river which is the tributary of
Pambariver. More than 50% of the area is under forest cover. There are no major irrigation
projects in the district. The Malankara Irrigation Dam meant to impound the tail waters of the
Idukki project would irrigate the western portion of the Thodupuzhataluk. Major crops are rain
fed. About 16059 hectares of the land is under irrigation by different sources.

The district receives an average annual rainfall of 2796.8 mm in last year. The rainfall increases
from east to west. Eastern part of the district lies in the rain shadow region of the Western Ghats.
The major rainfall contribution is from South West monsoon from June to September which
18
contributes 60.4% of the total annual rainfall. The North East monsoon from October to December
contributes 24.4% of the annual rainfall and the balance 15.2% during the period January to May.
In the district the average annual rainfall ranges from less than 1000 (Marayoor, Kanthallur,
Chinnar areas and the areas north east of Anamudi) to around 5000 mm (Peerumedu,
Neriyamangalam etc).

The rivers, lake, ponds, canals well etc. contributes to a great extend to the irrigation facilities. The
details of irrigation from different sources as on 31/03/2013 are given below.
Net area irrigated
Source of Water
(Ha)
Small Stream Govt. 2502
(Thodu/ Canal) Private 372
Govt. 5
Pond
Private 13847
Govt. 4
Well
Private 4486
Bore well/ Tube well 1536
Other sources 2909
River & Lake 13932

3.4 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY:

Animal husbandry plays an important role in generating employment and income and majority of
the households depend on livestock farming for supplementary income. Cattle, buffaloes, goats,
pigs, ducks and fowl, rabbits, etc., are the main livestock categories raised for milk and meat.
Extensive pasture, grazing lands and favorable climate make the district suitable for rearing.
Livestock wealth has great significance in the agriculture economy of the district.
The break up under different live stock groups in the District is given in the table below.
Live-stock population
Cattle 90074
Buffalo 5690
Goat 98503
Sheep 23

19
 Pig 11696
Poultry 329915
Rabbits 39697
Dogs 61047
Elephants 14
Horse 7

Diary Production
Animal husbandry sector provides milk, meat, egg, manure,hide and work force. The major
economy generating animal wealth is milk, meat and egg. Unlike otheranimal products, for
marketing milk there exists organized marketing structure in the district as well as in the state. In
Kerala there are 3243 dairy Co-operative including Anand pattern societies functioning under
KCMMF. Besides the societies functioning under the co-operative sector, four societies like
Malanadu, Nirmalgram, and Peerumedu
Development Society are working under charitable institutions.MILMA represents more than
45000 farmers who have organized 209 Anand pattern co-operative societies. Out of the three
major animal products ie. Milk, meat and egg the major contribution is from the milk sector not
only in the case of thedistrict but also for the state and the country. Being the most important
animal produce, an in depth study of milk sector is very essential. Milk is having high nutritious
value and it is a complete food with all the essential nutrients required for all age groups. Meat is a
source of high protein but it is very cheap. Manure which is obtained as a byproduct from this
sector is environment friendly and unavoidable in agriculture. It also provides energy as gobar gas.
Work force is cheap as compared to any other sector. Hide is having high export value. The milk
production in the state has been on a more or less steady state for the last few years. This is
mainly because of the enhancement in productivity due to rearing crossbreed animals. The role
played by our breeding centers in this regard of exemplary.
Milk Production in the District (lakh Litre)
%wrt
Year District Kerala
Kerala
2014-15 253.24 2689.95 9.34
2015-16 158.57 2651.67 5.98
2016-17 158.73 2519.52 6.3

20
 Following chart shows the production trend of milk

3000 2689.95 2651.67

2519.52
2500

2000
Idukki
1500
Kerala
1000

500 253.24
158.57 158.73

0
2014
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

Milk procurement.
Year Idukki District (litre)
2014-15 48559575
2015-16 55191956
2016-17 59552142

The following chart shows an increasing trend in milk procurement

Procurement
70000000

60000000

50000000

40000000

30000000 Procurement

20000000

10000000

0
2014-15 2015
2015-16 2016-17

21
Meat
In Idukki district, under authorized sector meat from cattle, buffaloes, goat, poultry and
others are produced. Total meat production in the district 15262 MT which constitutes 17% meat
production in the state (86893MT). Out of the total meat produced meat from poultry, cattle and
buffaloes contribute the major shares with 35%, 33% and 27%respectively. In the case of state also
poultry, cattle and buffaloes contribute maximum to the meat production.

Egg
India ranks 4th in egg production and 19th in broiler production. The annual egg
production is about 35 billion. The annual growth rate is 8-10% in egg and 12-15% in broiler
industry. Poultry provides employment to about 1.5 million people. The annual per capita
consumption in India is only 33 eggs and 630 grams of poultry meat. This is much lower as
compared to the world average of 124eggs and 5.9 kg meat. The National committee on Human
Nutrition in India has recommended per capita consumption of 180 eggs (about one egg every two
days) and 10.8 kg meat. In 1970’s Kerala was self sufficient to meet only 25% of the internal
demand. Backyard poultry rearing is unique in Kerala and is the major source of egg. Kerala is the
6th largest state in poultry population (270 lakhs). 1.8% of the total state income is from poultry.
Commercial layer farming is not practiced in Kerala due to high cost of nearby states. The average
annual egg production is 2000 million. Egg production in the district is 850.08 lakh /year. Total
production of broiler meat from the private farms is around 9.50 laks kg/year.
Poultry
Poultry consists of fowls, ducks and other birds. Total number of poultry in Idukki district as
per 18thquinquennial census is 568560 which is 4.8%of total poultry population in the state.
Poultry sector in the district consists of fowls 87%,ducks 9% and other birds 4%. Coming to state
scenario it is 5% and 5% respectively for fowls, ducks and other birds. Fowls constitute about 65%
of total population. Broiler is 33% and duck is 2% of the total population. Broiler farming was
started in 1970s on commercial lines in the district. Layers are mostly reared under backyard
system in the district. Small units of about200 to 300 birds are common in the district. Population
of poultry is very sparse compared to the requirement of the region. The district has a population
of 473 birds per 1000 people. There is not at all an organized layer farm in the district. Duck
production in the district is confined to certain areas and only 9.3 ducks are available per 1000
people in the district. The high cost of production of eggs in Kerala and the heavy influx of cheaper
eggs from the neighboring states remain the major hurdle towards commercialization of poultry

22
industry in the district. The high cost of production of eggs in Kerala and the heavy influx of
cheaper eggs from the neighboring states remain the major hurdle towards commercialization of
poultry industry in the district. The climatic condition is also not highly conducive for
establishment of larger units. The district still depends heavily on the traditional system of
backyard poultry rearing. In order to achieve self sufficiency in egg production, this backyard
system of poultry rearing has to be strengthened. Number and productivity of the birds in the
district has to be enhanced. Non-availability of quality chicks is the major crisis regarding poultry
rearing. There is not at all any hatchery in the district producing crossbreed layer chicks. Poultry
farm and egger nurseries in the district are marketing partly grown chicks in the district, but it is
far in short of demand. Small scale broiler farms are available in the district functioning in
commercial lines and in integration with big farms. But the district still depends on import of
broiler birds firm other states to meet requirement of meat.

3.5 The veterinary Institutions in the district

Name of the institution Nos
District animal husbandry office 1
District veterinary center 1
Veterinary polyclinic 2
Veterinary Hospital 9
Veterinary Dispensary 49
ICDS Sub Centre 62
Mobile farm aid unit 2
Regional Artificial Insemination Centre 4
Mobile Veterinary Dispensary 1
Intensive Cattle Development Program Office 1
Rinder Pest Check Post 1
Rinder Pest Vigilance Unit 1
District Poultry Farm 1
Pig Farm 1
3.6 FISHERIES
Kerala is blessed with an immense measure of fresh water fishery resource as well. The state's
44rivers (85,000 ha), 53 Reservoirs (42890ha), and 53 backwaters and other brackish water bodies
23
(65213ha) endow it with a multitude of fisheries. Besides the marine life bestowed by the sea
these inland waterresources contribute significantly to the growth of the fishing industry in the
state. This is substantiated by the fact that the inland fish yield level of the state is currently at
about 75036 tons a year. The State is endowed with immense fresh water resources. Besides,
there are estuaries, backwaters, brackish water area, pokkali & prawn filtration fields and private
shrimp farms. All these bodies of water provide rich sources of inland fisheries. Inland fish
production provides significant contribution to animal protein supplies in rural areas of the State.
Most of the inland production is consumed locally and marketed domestically. Fresh water fish
resources The Rivers, rivulets, streams etc., originating from the Western Ghats are well known for
their richness of biodiversity including fresh water fish species. Altogether 210primary fishes
(excluding the marine migrants) are found in the inland waters, of which 53 species are endemic.
Majority of these fish species had ornamental value also. Today the Western Ghats is recognized
as one of the 25 “biodiversity hotspots” in the world. The cultivable food fishes native to Kerala
Includes thooli, Kooral, Makoori, Kuyil, Katti, pulivaka, Musi, Manalvaka, Brahmanakandi,Wyanad
musi, etc,. Several endemic fishes have high ornamental value and now these also attain thestatus
of dollar minting fishes. A large number of new fish species has been reported recently from
theState.The high land waters of the State have cold water and that can sustain only the so-called
coldwaterfishes, and hence have a fishery different from that of the plains. Thenmala
reservoir,Kulathupuzhariver, Palaruvi, Aruvikkara, Gavi, Munnar, Pookkottulake, Malampuzha and
many otherstreams and rivulets are the home grounds of such fishes. Commercially important
fishes includeSalmosp. Tor sp., Schizothorax sp. Acrossochelius sp, Puntius sp., etc.
A recent survey conducted by the Department of Fisheries revealed that the State has
goodpotential for the development of tourism fisheries, cold water fisheries and sport
development of trout culture in hill streamsfishing activities in highranges. The Tata’s has made
sporadic efforts for theespecially at Munnar areas of Idukki district. Trout seed production is
carried out on a limited scale atRajamalli on the foothills of Anamudi in Munnar. The Angling
Association of Munnar organized to develop sport fisheries in the region releases the trout seeds
in various rivulets. Organized efforts are needed for the development of trout fisheries in the high
ranges of the State.Compare to other districts in the state Idukki district have less production of
fishing sector

24
 In Idukki we have several big dam and its catchment area for fresh water fisheries but it is
not using because of safety measures. The area of those places located is actually about 10,000
hectares; there are many small irrigation check dams in private sector area between 20.5 to 300
hectares. Area in Chakkupalm,Vandenmedu, Karunapuram, Edavety Panchayat some lands are not
suitable for cultivation purposes. Inthose places can use for fishing sectors after sand mining. The
total areas available in these Panchayatsare more than 5000 hectares.In high land regions present
in Idukki district, the traditional farming activity is not fullysuccessful. For the improvement of
traditional farming system in these areas can be used moretechnologically adapted RAS (Recycled
aqua farming system) and also prefer cage culture in check damsand reservoirs for effective
production.In Idukki the active fishermen are very less in numbers and they are also from tribal
communitycalled Mannan. Most of the fisherman’s in Idukki district is seasonal fishermen. The
Tribal communityfisherman’s are still using very primitive fishing gears to catching fishes. The
present social and economicconditions of fishermen are very poor in Idukki district.The other
groups working in the fisheries sector is marketing people. They are the sellers of fishin the
domestic by head load or through cycle. These people’s are constitutes the economically
weakersection of community and isolated from the mainstream of developments.The FFDA
scheme was initiated in Idukki district in 1991 this agency is provided with necessaryfunds,

25
Extension Service Units and required infrastructure so as to develop freshwater fish culture in
eachdistrict. The FFDAs enjoy reasonable autonomy in their operations.
Physical status
In Idukki district Fisheries sector consists of only inland fishing. The analysis of Inland fisheries is
evaluated in water resources, fishery resources and human resources related fresh water
operations. Fish production (MT)
Year Marine Inland
2014-15 Nil 2946
2015-16 Nil 3536
2016-17 Nil 3143

Inland Fisheries
3700

3500 3536

3300

3100 3143
Production
2900 2946

2700

2500
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

3.7 Water Resources

The important rivers of the district are Periyar, Thodupuzhayar and Thalayar. Periyar which
is 277 km long is the second longest river of Kerala. It originates from Sivagiri in the southeast part
of the district and touches all the taluks of the district. The Periyar is harnessed at various points in
its course for generating electricity and for irrigation purpose. Mullai Periyar dam, Idukki Hydro-
electric project, Idamalayar Hydroelectric project and the proposed lower Periyar are constructed
across the Periyar. And the Malankara dam in Thodupuzha River is used for irrigation purpose. In
mid land region includes Thodupuzha have paddy fields and Malankara dam available for fishing
and aquaculture actives are going. It is not fully utilized in this area. From mid land area to western
ghat high range region the variety of fish like carp and other culture fishes are farming. In top
Western Ghats region cold water fish varieties are only farming. Kundala Dam, Mattupetty Dam,
Munnar head works, Ponmudi dam and the Kallarkutty Dam are constructed across the various

26
tributaries of Periyar. There are a few natural lakes in the district calledEravikulam and Devikulam
lakes in Devikulam taluk, and Elavizhapunchira Lake in Thodupuzha Taluk.
Fishery Resources
From the below maps we can see that the fish landing areas are concentrated only in
Idukki and Mullai Periyar dam water bodies. In this district there are 10 more dams available to
improve the fish landing. In Idukki dam the fish landing capacity is very much lower; because of
some safety reasons hereit is low.
The capacity of stocking and landing of
fish in Idukki reservoir is more than 800
kg per hectare per year. The existing
status in Idukki reservoir is only 20 kg
per hectare per year. In Mullai Periyar
dam area needs to improve indigenous
fish landing, more over it has to be
protecting for its biodiversity as
bioreserve. Fighure shows the
concentration of fish landing areas.

Human resources
At present in Idukki district the active
fishermen are 400 members, these
people belongs to the tribal community
called Mannan. The Tribal community
inhabits are mainly settled near the
Periyar Lake, Idukki reservoir and
Anayiragal dam.

Fresh Water Aquaculture

In Our district the aquaculture ponds
concentrated towards Eastern Ghats of the
district namely

27
Kumily,Chakkupalam,Karunapuram,ampadumpara, Vadenmedu,Nedumkandam Panchayatsand
Edavatty Panchayat inThodupuzha. These areashaving lot of paddy fields andcardamom cultivation
forthese cultivation purpose lotof check dams areconcentrated along the rivers passing in those
panchayats for irrigation purpose. In those check dams canbe utilized for Aqua farming.
Area Utilized In Aqua Farming
The aqua farming activity are concentrated more in Thodupuzha from the year 1990. During the
year 2008 the fisheries sector in Idukki district introduce a new project called Matsy Keralm. In
This project all the waste water land converted in to Aqua arms. In this project Vandenmedu
Grama Panchayat area is utilized more.
Famers in Aquaculture
After initiating of Matsyakeralam project in Idukki district, more small farmers are coming into this
aquaculture field. And now the total number of farmers in this field is more than 10000 numbers
after 2008, but there is an inequality with respect to extent of farm areas. The farmers are
interesting to do aqua culture due to the coordination by the fisheries sector.

Ornamental fish units

In Idukki district numbers of water resources are
available towards developing the aqua culture. In fishing

28
sector Ornamental fish culture is one of the economic creating areas. There is a marketing issue to
develop the ornamental fish culture in Idukki.

3.8 MINERAL RESOURCES

The major mineral available in Idukki District is Granite Building Stone. The Taluk wise different
rock types available are given below.

Sl No Taluk Rock Types

1 Thodupuzha Charnockite, Hornblende Biotite Gneiss, Biotite Gneiss,

Migmatite, Massive Charnockite, Charnockitic Gneiss,
Granite Gneiss
2 Peermedu Massive Charnockite, Migmatite, Charnockite

3 Udumbanchola Charnockite, Migmatite, Granite Gneiss, Hornblende

Biotite Gneiss, Biotite Gneiss, Charnockitic Gneiss,
Massive Charnockite
4 Devikulam Granite, Migmatite, Granite Gneiss, Pink Granite,
Migmatite, Biotite Gneiss, Charnockite

Major Mineral Resources available in the District.

Area Covered (Cents)
Sl.No Category
19936.89
1 Granite (Building stone)
Nil
2 Laterite (Building stone)
Nil
3 Clay (Bricks)
Nil
4 Lime shell
Nil
5 River Sand
6 Others ,specify ( sea shell, Mineral ore, etc...) Nil

3.9 FOREST RESOURCES

Idukki district can be called as ‘Forest District of Kerala’. As per the available data the total
area of the district is 4358 Sq.km. 2713 Sq.km of the district is reserve forests, proposed reserve or
vested forests. ie. 62% of the district is covered with forest. This is much higher than the national
average (23.84%) and state average (44.58%). Division wise area of forests is given in the figure.

29
While Marayoor, Mankulam,Periyar East and Munnar Wildlife Divisionsare totally includes the
areas of IdukkiDistrict. Other Divisions partly includes theareas from this district. The first
wildlifesanctuary in the Kerala was established inthe district at Theakkady which is nowknown as
Periyar Tiger Reserve. Thehistory of the tiger reserve begins with theconstruction of Mullai Periyar
dam in 1895. The Periyar lake reserve was formed in 1899. In 1933 SCHRobinson was appointed as
the first Wildlife Warden by the Maharaja of Travancore. As per hisrecommendation
Nellikkampetty Game Sanctuary was formed in 1934. In 1950 Periyar WildlifeSanctuary containing
an area of 777 Sq.km was formed. During 1998 the sanctuary was declared as atiger reserve which
was the first tiger reserve formed in Kerala. In 1982 the core area of the tiger reservewas declared
as a National Park in 1991,

Project Elephant was started here. In 1996, the Kerala Forest and Wildlife Department
launched the India Eco-Development Project (EDP) for the Periyar Tiger Reserve with financial
assistance from the World Bank and the Global Environment Facility (GEF). The important
components of the EDP are village eco-development programmes, improved protected area
management, and environmental education and awareness campaigns. A fundamental basis of the

30
project is the preparation of micro plans for income generation and conservation measures for
each of the villages fringing the reserve. Out of the 5 National parks in Kerala 4 of them situated in
this district.

The Eravikulam National Park is the first national park declared in Kerala which is famous
forNilgiri Tahr which is facing extinction. The other national parks are Pamapadumshola,
Anamudishola andMathikettanshola. The details of the national parks and wildlife sanctuaries in
the district are given in below table

Types of forest
The forests of Idukki have been divided into five major types, which are subdivided in to manysub
types and many further subdivisions depending upon the floristic composition and other
minorfactors.
The five major forest types are as follows
 Tropical Evergreen forests
 Moist Deciduous forests
 Dry Deciduous forests
 Shola-grass land
 Plantations.
The Tropical Evergreen forests occur in areas of' 200-1500 m above MSL with the annual
rainfallrange of 250-500 cm. The Evergreen forest formations can be divided into 3 climatic types
on the basis offloristic composition and habitat conditions. The Moist Deciduous forests which
occur between 500-900meters above MSL, within a rain fall range of 250-350 cm have been
intensively managed for commercialforestry due to dominance of species like Teak and Rose
wood. The Tropical Dry Deciduous forestsextend to about 100 Sq. km leeward sides of the
Western Ghats in the rain fall zone of about 100-150 cmin an elevation range of 300-1,000 meters.
31
These types of forests are limited in Kerala. The Shola-grassland region occurs above 1,500 in
elevation in the high ranges and Nilagiri Hills. Their catchmentvalue for Kerala is well recognised.
The plantations of various species constitute habitation for manyMammals, birds, reptiles and
amphibians.
Flora
Idukki enjoys a complete ecosystem replete with flora and fauna. Essentially the Dense Tropical
Evergreen and Deciduous trees form a green canopy over the land of the sanctuary. This provides
a safe habitat for various species of animals. A number of medicinal plants too are found in this
forest. Many of them have been registered as the rare species of herbs by the botanical experts.
Fauna
Various types of animals are found here and watching them in their true colors is a realexcitement
indeed.Among the most prominent animals sighted here
are,wild beasts like Wild dogs, Elephants, Deer, Jungle
cats, Bisons and Bear.A number species of reptiles are
also found here that include snakes likeCobras, Vipers
and Kraits. A number of non-poisonous snakes too are
seen here.
Eco - Tourism Spots
There are 14 Eco Tourism spots in Idukki District under
the control of Forest Department. The eco-tourism spots
in Idukki district under the control of Forest Department
is given in Table.
Forest stations
Forest Station system first of its kind in the country was
introduced by the department in 1988 on Police Station
model in the place of Beat Section system for effective
forest protection and with a view to afford more
collective strength and security to the forest protective
staff.
Forest plantation (In Hectare)

The total plantation area in the High Range Circle is

22112.60 Ha and the Spices wise distribution of

32
plantation area is given in the table below.

Distribution of plantation area

Plantation Area ( Hectares )
Teak 9315.03
Teak & Softwood 2001.15
AccaciaMangium 248.227
AccaciaAuriculiform 170.2
Eucalyptus 2764.16
Cane 338.41
Bamboo 916.745
Rosewood 8.1
Mahogani 34.74
Other Hardwood 23
Reeds 76.69
Medicinal Plants 292.4
Gravelia Robusta 152.92
Pine 485
Albezzia 3.28
Anjili 10
Kambakom 3
Elavu 55.79
Wattle 2122.13
Matti 272.7
Cashew 54
Alnus 74.35
Miscellaneous 2690.58
Total Plantation 22112.6

33
Industrial Wood

The Industrial woods available in the High Range Circle are Teak, Rosewood, Mahagoni, Anjili and
Kambakom, Sandal wood. Marayur is the only place in Kerala that has natural sandal
wood forests.
Distribution of plantation area ( in Hectares )

Plantation Kottayam Munnar Kothamangalam Marayoor Mankulam

Teak 4176.499 790.524 4478.698 0.000 0.000
Accacia & Mangium 0.000 0.000 235.477 0.000 12.750
Eucalyptus 191.540 2330.050 161.310 0.000 50.000
Cane 140.600 0.000 199.250 0.000 58.560
Bamboo 230.781 587.860 67.610 0.000 0.000
Rose wood 0.000 0.000 8.100 0.000 0.000
Mahagoni 0.000 0.000 15.240 0.000 3.500

Marayur Sandal Wood

In Idukki Sandalwood, the famous aromatic wood is yielded by the family of trees belonging to the
genus Santalum. This particular wood which is heavy, fine-grained and yellow in color, retains its
fragrance for decades. The sandalwood fragrance is very distinctive and is used in countless
applications including utility and decoration. Sandalwood has been valued and treasured for many
years for its fragrance, carving, medicinal and religious qualities. To get commercially valuable
sandalwood with high levels of fragrant oils, the Santalum trees need to be at least eight years of
age and ideally fourteen years of age. Unlike most trees, sandalwood is harvested by toppling the
entire tree instead of sawing them down at the trunk. This way, valuable wood from the stump
and root can also be sold or processed for oil. Sandalwood paste is integral to rituals and
ceremonies, to mark religious utensils and to decorate the icons of the deities worshipped. It is
also distributed thereafter to devotees, who apply it to the forehead or the neck and chest.
Preparation of the paste is considered a duty fit only for the pure, and is therefore entrusted in
temples and during ceremonies only to priests.The paste is prepared by grinding pieces of the
wood by hand upon granite slabs shaped for the purpose. With slow addition of water a thick
paste results, which is mixed with saffron or other such pigments to make the aromatic ‘chandan’.
Sandal is also used in perfumes and to coat incense sticks. In medicine, sandalwood essential oil,
which is very expensive in its pure form, is used primarily for ayurvedic purposes and treating
anxiety. Sandalwood curios and fancy décor items are also available in the market.

34
3.10 HUMAN RESOURCES
The total population of Idukki district as per 2011 census is 1108974, which is 3.31% of the total
population of the State. Idukki is placed in second last position in the state as far as population size
is considered. When compared with the last two decades, the population showed a decline. Below
table shows the district wise population in the state.
District Population
1991 2001 2011
Malappuram 3096330 3625471 4110956
Waynad 672128 780619 816558
Kasargod 1071508 1204078 1302600
Ernakulam 2817236 3105798 3279860
Kozhikode 2619941 2879131 3089543
Palakkad 2382235 2617482 2810892
Thiruvananthapuram 2946650 3234356 3307284
Thrissur 2737311 2974232 3110327
Kollam 2407566 2585208 2629703
Kannur 2251727 2408956 2525637
Kottayam 1828271 1953646 1979384
Alappuzha 2001217 2109160 2121943
Idukki 1078066 1129221 1108974
Pathanamthitta 1188332 1234016 1195537
Kerala 29098518 31841374 33389198

Below table shows the comparison of population and literacy rate in the district with state.
Kerala Idukki % Wrt State
Total Persons 333,87,677 11,08,974 3.32
Male 13755888 5,52,808 4.02
Female 14478339 5,56,166 3.84
Literates 281,35,824 9,23,010 3.28
male 137,04,903 4,71,881 3.44
Female 144,30,921 4,51,129 3.13

Population decadal variation

Decadal Variation
Year Kerala Idukki
1981-1991 14.32 10.95
1991-2001 9.42 4.75
2001-2011 4.86 -1.79

35
In Kerala, the population was increasing over the decreased compared to previous decade
resulting in negative growth rate in 2011 census. Table shows the decadal variation of population
of the district and the state from 1981 to 2011.

Growth rate comparison

Following figures shows that both in State & District level the Growth rate was indecreasing trend.
But in Idukki district it is having negative growth rate. Compare to Surrounding districts, Idukki and
Pathinamthitta has the lower Growth rate and Idukki present 4th place with neighbouring districts
and shows the comparison of growth rate with surrounding districts.

16
14.32
14
12 10.95
10 9.42

8
Kerala
6 4.75 4.86
Idukki
4
2
0
1981-1991 1991-2001 2001-2011
-2
-1.79
-4

Population Density
Populationdensity shows very low inIdukki, compairing with other districts in the state.Overall
compare to state average 8 districts arehigher and 6 districts are lower. Coastal linedistricts have
more density compare to otherdistricts in the state. The population density is highat Alappuzha
district followed byTrivanathapuram district. Idukki district comeslast position in the density in all
census yearscompare to other districts in the state and in 2011census it shows decreasing trend in
the density compare to last year.

36
Gross population Density
As per 2001 census the district has 259pp.sq.km shows in figure.The gramapanchayth as in
distribution of gross populationdensity it is also lower than the state avg. of 819pp sq.km. The
population density of the district ishigh in Thodupuzha municipality in the districtfollowed by LSGs
Vannapuram ,Kattappana, Vellathoval, Udumbanoor, Edavetty,Manakkadand Kumaramangalam
Grama Panchayat (500-1305). Thodupuzha and Vannapuram show thehighest gross density, which
is because of facilitiesand connectivity present in the Municipality andthat local body in the
district.

37
Sex Ratio
Idukki district had the lowest sex ratio in thestate in both 2001 and 2011 census. In 2001 census,
Idukki district having sex ratio of below 1000 and now it is increased above 1000. Table below
shows Sex ratio of the district compare with state average.

38
Sex ratio comparison with state
Human Resources – 2011 Census is give below in the Table
(A) Population (Total) 1108097
SC 145486
ST 55815
Others 906796
(B) Sex-wise
i) Male 552808
ii) Female 556166
Population Density/Sq.Km 255
Sex ratio (No.of females/1000
males) 1006
(C) Rural Population 1056929
i)Male 527245
ii)Female 529684
(D) Urban Population 52045
i)Male 25563
ii)Female 26482
(E) Population in age group 0-6 105641
i)Male 53785
ii)Female 51856
Sex Ratio 964
(F) Work force availability 516363
i)Male 331710
ii)Female 184653
Sex ratio 557
(G) No of Literates(Total) 923010
i)Male 471881
ii)Female 451129
(H) Main workers Total 331710
Cultivators 415947
Agri. labourers 112391
Household Industry workers 4933
Other workers 212900
(I) Marginal workers Total 100416
Cultivators 15194
Agri. labourers 33307
Household Industry workers 1955
Other workers 49960
(k) Work participation rate 38.97

39
3.11 EDUCATION
The level of education can be assessed by analysing the literacy rate, enrolment rate and dropout
rate. Kerala stands first (90.9%) illiteracy rate among all states of the country. Idukki with a literacy
rate of 88.69% stands tenth among the districts of
Kerala. Because of the
geographical barriers, this
achievement would not have
made, but the 90 Multi Grade
Learning Centres run by Sarva
Siksha Abyan and 27 Single
Teacher Schools run by Tribal
Development Department play
a significant role in keeping the
Gross Enrolment Rate to a high
of 89.9% in the district and thereby scaffolding the literacy rate. But the enrolment rate in
secondary stream of education is 66.52% only while that among Scheduled Caste is59.47% and
Scheduled Tribe is 59.56%. Even though the 12 pre-metric hostels run by tribal development
department is a boon in keeping the drop out percentage of ST students to little lower, the fact is
that much of the ST population in the district are kept away from their higher studies. The dropout
rate is related to many factors. Basically it is a social factor. The pupils from the poor families and
other socially sidelined families like tribal families are the main drop out victims. Its observed that
number of dropouts increase in Standards of VIII and IX. In dropouts the boy students are more
than girl students in these classes. The main reason behind this may be that boys from poor
families become earning members by the middle age of their adolescence as the financial
difficulties of the families force them for this. Also the migration of the Tamil workers family may
be another cause for this trend. No systematic and official study about the factors is done so far
behind the dropping out of students.

40
Present status

For the Administrative convenience and for improving the efficiency of school administration the
Revenue District is divided into 2 Educational districts and further into 7 Educational Sub-districts.
The educational districts are Thodupuzha and Kattappana. Arakkulam, Adimali, Thodupuzha are
the sub districts under Thodupuzha and Kattappana, Munnar, Peermade, Nedumkandam are the
sub districts under Kattappana.

Idukki district has a moderately well established stream of education from Pre primary level to
university level. However, shortage of different streams of higher education and spatial disparity
are the significant drawbacks of the educational system in the district. Inadequate facilities among
the financially backward people especially those in the tribal areas is the main challenge. The
different streams of education available in the district can be classified as below.
 Pre-primary education
 Primary Education
 Secondary Education (General)
 Higher Secondary / Vocational Higher Secondary Education
 University Education (Through Arts & Science Colleges)
 Professional Education
Teachers Training Course
B. Ed.
Nursing Courses
 Technical Education

41
 Secondary
Higher Secondary
Industrial Training Institutes / Centres
Poly Techniques
Engineering
 Special Education
Schools for Visually Impaired
Schools for Mentally Retarded
The district has no educational facilities in Agricultural education, Pharmacy Education and Dental
education. Medical education is offered by Govt. medical college Idukki. Spatial disparity in
technical and professional education is significant in the district. The present status of the above
streams of education with respect to the number of schools is explained below.
The number of educational institutions is given in the table below.

Education Institutions Govt. Aided Unaided Total

(a) Primary school 194 243 29 239
(b) Upper Primary schools 80 118 6 108
(c) High Schools 155 139 15 161
(d) Higher Secondary schools 31 26 15 72
(e) VHSS 11 5 - 16
(f) Technical Schools 3 - - 3
(g) Polytechnics 4 1 - 5
Colleges
(a) Arts & Science 2 3 7 12
(b) Engineering College 3 1 1 5
(c).Medical College 1 - - 1
(d).Veterinary College - - - -
(e) Diary Science College - - - -
(f) Kerala Agricultural College - - - -
(g)College of Agriculture & - - - -
Banking Management
(h) Kerala Forest Research - - - -
Institute
(i) Nursing College - - 2 2
(j) Pharmacy College - - - -

42
 (k) Training College 2 - 1 3
(l) Ayurvedic College - - - -
(m) Dental College - - - -
(o).Law College - - 1 -
(p) Arabic College - - - -
(q) Fine arts college - - - -
(r) Agricultural University - - - -
(s) Medical University - - - -

In addition to the above schools under the supervision of General Education Department, there
are 35 CBSE schools including one Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya and one Kendriya Vidyalaya and 5
ICSE schools.

Percentage of Students in different types of schools

Percentage of students studying in different Schools is shown in above Figures. Girls are high than
boys by 4%. When it comes to SC and ST students the margin becomes higher which are6% and 8%
respectively. Chances for gender disparity need to be studied, with the sex ratio among these age
group children, which will be made available later from the Census 2011 reports.

43
Ownership of Schools
While analyzing the ownership of schools in the district, it is found that Aided Sector has
domination in primary level. In high school level, Government and Aided Sector have almost equal
share. In HSS & VHSE level, Government sector has a slight domination. Below figures shows the
share of different sectors in different levels of schools. 3% to 6% share is for unaided sector up
thigh school level. Though the share of Unaided Schools in HSS & VHSE level turns out as 19%, the
number of students admitted is in less percentage in this sector when compared to Aided, Govt.
andPanchayat Higher Secondary Schools.

Arts and Science College

It is observed that spatial disparity is there in Arts and Science colleges of district. The District
headquarters and Kumily area of district has no such colleges while Munnar and Nedumkandam
areas hardly one in number. Spatial distribution of Colleges shown below.
Management Institutions
Very few of the Arts and Science Colleges offer management courses course which are Marian
College Kuttikkanam, NSS College Rajakumari, Al Azhar College of Arts & Science Perumpillichira, D
C college Pullikkanam , Holy Cross College Puttadi and St. Joseph’s College Moolamattom offers
BBM course.

44
Junior Technical Schools and Technical Higher Secondary Schools
The district has three Junior Technical Schools all in Government sector. They are at
Purappuzha, Vannappuaram and Adimaly. The only one Technical Higher Secondary School in the
district is at Muttom run by IHRD which is in the unaided sector.
Polytechnics
The district has 5 Polytechnics. The list of Polytechnics is given below.

Engineering Colleges
The four Engineering Colleges of the district are given below.

Medical college
Govt. Medical College Idukki and Al Ashar Medical College, Thodupuzha are the two medical
colleges in the district.
Research Centres.
1 Indian Cardamom Research Institute, Myladumpara

2 Cardamom Research Institute, Pampadumpara

3 Krishi Vigyan Kendram, Shaandanpara

45
3.12 Health

Medical Facilities
Institution No. Institution No.
Allopathic hospitals 110 Community health centres 13
Beds in allopathic hospitals 5951 Primary health centre 42
Govt. Ayurveda hospitals 3 Leprosy hospital
Ayurveda dispensaries 48 Mental health care
Homeo hospitals 22 Sub health centre
Homeo dispensaries 38 District T.B centres 2

3.13 Unemployed persons registered under Employment Exchange as 31.03.2017 including that
of Professional Employment Exchange and R.I centers
Scheduled Scheduled
General Total
Caste Tribe
Male 7794 1224 175 9193
Female 10201 1691 264 12156
Qualification wise distribution is given below
Below X X +2 Graduate PG Technically qualified
Graduate Diploma Certificate
Course
333 31076 1818 257 38 38 374 82

Unemployed persons registered under Employment Exchange as 31.03.2012 including that of

Professional Employment Exchange and R.I centers
Scheduled Scheduled
General Total
Caste Tribe
Male 17317 4226 762 22305
Female 19077 4160 882 24119
Qualification wise distribution is given below
Below X X +2 Graduate PG
5010 24627 7467 2647 408

46
It can be seen that there is a huge decrease in the Employment Exchange registration in the
District after five years.
3.14TOURISM
Idukki is one of the most nature-rich areas in Kerala. A landlocked region, here, high ranges and
wooded valleys are girded by three main rivers - Periyar, Thalayar and Thodupuzha rivers - and
their tributaries. Powering Kerala with one-third of the State’s electricity, Idukki is also famous for
its gigantic arch dam. Predominantly populated by tribes, an astonishing 50 percent of its total
area is covered by forests. As a tourist destination, the place offers diverse attractions like wildlife
sanctuaries, hill stations, spice plantation tours, mountain treks, elephant rides etc. Idukki’s
numerous trekking trails and spectacular landscape dotted with rich flora and fauna make it a
dream destination for nature enthusiasts.
Munnar
Munnar, was the most popular
summer resorts during the
British reign and is still a very
well known hill station.
Located at an altitude of
1800m above sea level, this
'Kashmir of the East' is the first
hill resort in the State. The
chilly climate here is ideal for
cultivating tea. It is home to
one of the biggest tea plantations in the world- the Kannan Devan Tea Plantations.
The sight of mist topped tea plantations spread across
acres of Munnar, is indeed soothing to the eye. The most
splendid sight would definitely be that of thousands of the
exotic blue flower- Neelakurinji, that inundate the hills
every 12 years.

There are many lovely spots that are ideal for rock climbing and
trekking as well. The noisy waterfalls, gurgling streams and rows of
tiny cottages add more life and colour to the vivid picturesque
location that Munnar already is. Nilgiri Tahr and Neelakurinji are the

47
main attractions at Munnar.

Thekkady

One of the best wildlife sanctuaries of the nation, Thekkady is complete with exotic flora, fauna,
and evergreen forest. The vast area of 777 sq. kms of forest has an exquisite sanctuary in it. It has
earned a special place as one of the hotspots on any

Tourist’s agenda. The 360sq kms of

dense forest in the The Periyar
Wildlife Sanctuary provides home to
a wide variety of remarkable birds
like Malabar Grey Hornbill, Grey
Jungle Fowl, Heron, Egret, Jungle
Myna, Wood Pecker, Rose Winged
and Blue Winged Parakeet, Ceylon
Frog-Mouth and Rose Billed Roller.
This fascinating spot where visitors
can often spot many kinds of wild animals is also a noted Tiger reserve.

The guided tours arranged by the sanctuary provide opportunities to watch these animals at close
quarters. Walks through the acres of plantations and up the mountainous area provide excellent
trekking opportunities. A large portion of the sanctuary is surrounded by the PeriyarRiver . Apart
from the many varieties of fish here, the river is also noted for the long lovely boat rides that are
arranged by the sanctuary. These rides are another excellent way to discover the myriad wildlife
that thrives in and around the water. Rowing along the splendidly constructed Mullaperiyar dam,
one can always manage to spot herds of wild elephants frolicking in the river water.

Mattuppetty

Mattupetty is located 13 km away from Munnar. Here you can enjoy the greenish valleys and feel
the fabulous climate around. The main attraction of Mattupetty is the dam and the lake here. The
dam of Mattupetty is a storage concrete gravity dam. The dam was constructed under the
Pallivasal Hydro-electric project in the late 1940s, for the purpose of water conservation and
power generation. Now the dam is a vital source of electricity generation in Munnar and also a

48
haven for many wild animals and birds due to its constant water availability. The most attractive
part of Mattupetty dam is its still water which reflects the tea garden around. You can engage
yourself with water sport activities like speed boating organized by district Tourism Promotion
Council of Idukki (Munnar) and enjoy the pretty natural surroundings of this beautiful dam.
Adventure lovers also have options here like trekking in the Shola forest. Mattupetty is also known
as ‘cattle village’, the name which came from the famous Indo Swiss farm project or Livestock
project. The project was launched in the year 1963 as part of the bilateral agreement between
India and the Swiss government. You can see hundreds of varieties of high yielding cattle in this
farm. The sight of the cattle grazing freely on the hills of the wide farm is a unique experience
which any tourist can have ever in his life.

Marayoor

Marayoor, located forty km from Munnar, is a rain shadow village lying in the eastern side of the
Western Ghats and is bordered by the neighboring state Tamil Nadu.

Marayoor is the only place in Kerala with a natural growth

of sandalwood trees. Marayoor houses the ‘muniyaras’ or
the stone coffins with underground tunnels, which date
back to the Neolithic period. These cave-like

Structures resting on vertical rocks are present

everywhere - they are stone slabs resembling crudely-
made boxes. There are paintings depicting the legendary
wanderings of ‘Rama and Sita' and the 'Pandavas' inside
the caves.

Kundala

Kundala is a picturesque place, about 20 km from Munnar on the way to Top Station. It is at a
height of 1700 meters above sea level. It is located at a distance of 20 kilometers from Munnar. In
Kundala, cherry blossoms appear twice in a year. The famous NeelaKurunji flowers which bloom
once in twelve years bloom in the hills and valleys around KundalaLake.

49
Eravikulam National Park

Eravikulam national park is spread over an extensive area of 97 sq km along the crest of Western
Ghats in the high ranges of Idukki district. Located 15 km from Munnar, it is one of most important
tourist destinations in Kerala. The national park is managed by the Kerala Department of Forest
and Wildlife, Munnar. Most of the areas of the national park are consistent hill plateau. So, you
can see only high rolling slopes here. The highest peak is Anamudi (2690m). The forests you see
here are commonly known as ‘shoals’ – evergreen tropical and sub tropical moist broadleaf forest.
You can locate small streams here, which later merge to form tributaries to Periyar and Chalakudy
rivers. Lakkom waterfalls are located in this region. In 1975 Eravikulam was declared as a wildlife
sanctuary and then in 1978 it was given the status of a National park. The main motive behind this
was to protect the rare NilgiriTahr and HemitragusHylocrious, which are common here. But now
the park is home to numerous protected species of flora and fauna.

Top station

Top Station, located around 32 km away from Munnar, is the highest point (1700m) in Munnar, on
the Munnar-Kodaikkanal road. The place falls on the Kerala-Tamil Nadu border. Here you can
enjoy the panoramic view of Western Ghats and the valley of Theni district of Tamil Nadu.

Echo point

This is a very beautiful place in Munnar, which got its name from natural echo phenomenon
situated at a scenic lake bank. When you scream at here, you will be hearing your voice returning
to you. Placed at an altitude about 600 ft, Echo Point is located 15 km away from Munnar, on the
way to Top Station.

Chinnar wildlife sanctuary

In the eastern parts of the high ranges of southern Western Ghats lies Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary.
The south side of the sanctuary is covered by Eravikulam National park and the north side is by
Indira Gandhi wildlife sanctuary. An ideal place for trekking, Chinnar is located in the rainshadow
region of Western Ghats and receives very less amount of rainfall every year. Due to this extensive
variation of rainfall, Chinnar is blessed with a wide array of habitat types like deciduous forests,
dry thorn scrub, riparian forest, shoals and grasslands. There is an extensive sandlewood forest

50
nearby the sanctuary, which is an added attraction.Chinnar has about 1000 species of flowering
plants and a wide variety of medicinal plants. You can sight here 225 recorded species of birds and
also the endangered species of Giant Grizzled Squirrel of India. Other important mammals that
you can see here are elephant, tiger, leopard, guar, sambar, spotted deer, NilgiriTahr etc.

Ramakkalmedu

Ramakkalmedu is a hill station and a hamlet in Idukki

district. It is located about 15 km from Nedumkandom
on the Munnar-Thekkady route. It provides a
panoramic view of Tamil Nadu villages and towns. It
belives that or there is a folk-tale that lord 'Sree
Rama', the Hindu mythological God had set his foot on
this rock and hence the name Rama-Kal-Medu
(Meaning: Rama's foot imprints).Statue of Kuruvan&Kuruthi located at the top of one of the
Ramakkalmedu hills is one of the major tourist site in Ramakkalmedu.

Studies have shown that Ramakkalmedu is the most

suitable place for setting up the farm, as the area is
blessed with uninterrupted and high velocity
wind during the season. The main feature of this hill is
that, tourists can reach there by foot or by vehicle.
Parking area is also available there.. From this site, we
can see the Ramakkalmedu Wind Energy Farm.

Vagamon

Vagamon is a hill station located in Kottayam- Idukki border of Kerala. It has a cool climate with
the temperature between 10-23°C during a summer midday. It is situated 1,100 metres above sea
level. Vagamon is a tiny plantation township in Central Travancore, Vagamon has an overtone of
green. With a never-ending line of lush green hills, breathtaking ravines and meandering rivulets.
A perfect tourist place situated 1200 meters above the sea level spot surrounded by the greenery
of tea gardens, Fresh cool air, murmuring Pine forest, small waterfalls, and attractive meadows
inviting you to vagamon. Reaching Vagamon itself is an extraordinary experience. The meandering

51
road to Vagamon is cut in solid rock lined with pine forests. And as you wind your way through
green capped hills, the rolling plains come into view thousands of feet below you.

Kumily

This is a noted town, close to the Periyar sanctuary. Acres of lush plantations constitute most of
the town. Plantation town is situated on the outskirts of the Periyar sanctuary. Kumily is also one
of the best places to shop for spices.

Mangaladevi Temple

This is a famous temple in Idukki. The temple is a classic example of temple architecture of ancient
Kerala. The well preserved relics of this ancient Devi temple is situated upon a hillock that stands
about 1337 m above sea level. The long way through the dense forest and up the dilapidated steps
leading to the temple makes the trip a lovely trek.

Idukki dam

The Idukki Dam is a 168.91 m (554 ft) tall arch dam. The dam stands between the two mountains -
Kuravanmala (839)m and Kurathimala (925) m. It supports a 780 MW hydroelectric power station
in Moolamattom. It is built on the Periyar River, in the ravine between
the Kuravan and Kurathi Hills . It is one of the highest arch dams in Asia and third tallest arch dam.
It started generating power on 4 October 1975. Technically, the dam type is a concrete double,
curvature parabolic, thin arc dam. This dam was constructed along with two other dams
at Cheruthoni and Kulamavu. Together, the three dams have created an artificial lake that is
60 km² in area. The stored water is used to produce electricity at the Moolamattom Power house,
which is located inside nearby rocky caves. It is one of the main tourist spot in Idukki district.

Thommankuthu

Located 17 km from Thodupuzha in Idukki district

of Kerala, Thommankuthu is famous for its seven-
step waterfall. It is an ideal place for adventure
tourism in Idukki. Major attractions at
Thommankuthu are forest trekking and bathing in
the waterfall.

52
Other tourist places in Idukki District

The Hydro Electric Project at Pallivasal (8 km from Munnar) and breathtaking waterfalls at Attukal
(9 km from Munnar) and Nyayamakad (10 km from Munnar) are other attractions. The lovely tea
plantations at Peerumed and the magnificent falls at Thommankuthu (21 kms from Thodupuzha)
are also much sought after tourist destinations. Meenuliyarmudi, Keezharkuthu and Irukallumud
near Thommankuthu are also famous small tourist centers. Kuttikkanam and Vagaman are
wonderful hill stations and are known as Kerala's Kodaikana.Cheeyappara waterfalls and Valera
waterfalls are also important tourist places.

Rivers

` The important rivers of the district are Periyar, Thodupuzhayar and Thalayar. Periyar which
is 277km. long is the second longest river of Kerala. It originates from Sivagiri in the southeast part
of the district and touches all the taluks of the district. The Periyar is harnessed at various points in
its course for generating electricity and for irrigation purpose. Mullaperiyar dam, Idukki Hydro-
electric project, IdamalayarHydro electric project and the proposed lower periyar are constructed
across the Periyar. Kundala Dam, Mattupetty Dam, Munnar head works, ponmudi dam and the
kallarkutty Dam are constructed across the various tributaries of Periyar. There are a few natural
lakes in the district. They are Eravikulam and Devikulam lakes in Devikulamtaluk, Elavizhapunchira,
in Thodupuzhataluk.

Climate
The climate in the district undergoes a sudden variation as we go from West to East. The
western parts of the district comprising midland area experiences moderate climate, temperature
varying between 21degree C to 27degreeC with minimum seasonal variation. The eastern parts of
the district located in the highland have a comparatively cold climate with temperature varying
between minus 1 degree C to 15 degree C in November/January and 5 degree C to 15 degree C
during March/April. The climate is also an added advantage to the tourism industry.
Some tourist spots and the approximate no. of visitors are given below

Sl.No Name Of Panchayath & Name Of Location Average No. Of Tourists

Visited During In A Year
1 Adimaly 300000
2 Chokramudy 1000
3 Ponmudi 2500
4 Pothamedu View Point 350000

53
 5 Karadippara View Point 400000
6 Attukadu Water Falls 200000
7 Sengulam Dam 32000
8 Mottakunnu Wagamon 35000
9 Wagamon Kurisumala 40000
10 Thangalpara 25000
11 Thekkady 175000
12 Mangaladevi Temple 45000
13 Parunthumpara 25000
14 Valanjanganam Watterfalls 32000
15 Panchalimedu Tourism Center 16000
16 Mattupetty Dam 500000
17 Kundala Dam 500000
18 Ecopoint 500000
19 Meesapulimala 8000
20 Annakonda Park 30000
21 Kacharam Water Falls 5000
22 Mankulam 10000
23 Marayoor 5000
24 Eravikulam National Park 700000
25 Tata Tea Museum 300000
26 Anamudi 100000
27 Lakkom Water Falls 500000
28 Ktdc Flower Garden 500000
29 Kseb Hydal Park 500000
30 Mount Carmel Church, Munnar 500000
31 Csi Church,Munnar 500000
32 High Altitude Stadium 500000
33 Kadavari 200000
34 Koviloor 200000
35 Pazhathottam 200000
36 Vattavada 200000
37 Kottakomboor 200000
38 Chevittar 5000
39 Ottamaram 200000
40 Thommankuthu Water Falls 18000
41 Elaveezhapoonchira 12000
42 Keeshakuthu 2994
43 Areeppara 4876
44 Meenuliyampara 5000
45 Kattadykadavu 3000
46 Thumbichi Kurisumala 15000
47 Nadukani 9000
48 Elappally Waterfalls 9000
49 Uluppooni 7000
50 Kulamavu Dam 12000
51 Palkulamedu 2000
54
52 Lower Periyar 15000
53 Idukki Dam 25000
54 Cheruthoni Dam 10000
55 Idukki Dam Hillview Park 10000
56 Idukki Dam Park 8000
57 Sreenarayanapuram Water Falls 5000
58 Ayyappancoil Thookkupalam 3000

55
 CHAPTER 4
Transportation, Communication and Power
4.1 TRANSPORTATION
Road transport is the only mode of transportation in Idukki - both for moving goods and
passengers. National Highway NH-49 passes through the district.
Important roads in Idukki district
1) NH-49
NH-49 starts from kochi and passing through adimali and munnar of Idukki district and end at
Dhanushkodi. NH-49 connects Idukki with the states commercial capital Kochi and Theni district of
Tamilnadu.
SH-33 and SH-13
SH-33 connects Thodupuzha to Puliyanmala and SH-13 connects Kottayam to Kumily
Section wise details of Road
The Block wise Details of Roads are given below
Roads (KM)

NH SH PWD
Name of Block
Adimali 50 70 145.06
Azhutha 59 64 24
Devikulam 39.3 43.4 794.2
Elamdesom 0 76.35 66.45
Idukki 0 150.8 14
Kattappana 0 92.2 454.371
Nedumkandam 0 33.8 98
Thodupuzha 0 79.02 199.36
Thodupuzha Mun 16.2 532
Total 148.3 625.8 2327.44

Besides the above measurements, there are other tarred, concrete, graveled and katcha roads
which are maintained by grama panchayths
4.2 RAILWAY AND AIRPORTS
The Railway line does not pass through the District. The nearest Railway stations are Kottayam and
Aluva.The nearest Airport is Nedumbasseri International Airport and is about 60 Km from Adimali.

56
4.3 Communication (BSNL)
No. of Tele. LL Working connections on BB Working connections Mobile
exchanges 31.08.2017 on 02.09.2017 BTS
79 45658 17593 280

4.4 POWER GENERATION IN IDUKKI DISTRICT

Major portion of the power production of Kerala is from Idukki District which is generated from
the different Hydro Electric Projects scattered in the high ranges of the district.Around 66 %
(1197.50 Mega watts) of the entire production of electricity in the State of 1812.9 Mega watts is
produced in 8 Electricity Projects located in the IdukkiDistrict.Wind mill power generation is
started in Idukki district from 2007 onwards.

HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER STATIONS

1.IdukkiHydro Electric Project
The Idukki Hydroelectric Project is the biggest hydrolectric Project in Kerala . It comprises of three
dams at Idukki, Cheruthony and Kulamavu and related systems. The power house at
Moolamattom is the longest underground power station in India and the pressure shaft is the
largest in the country. The Idukki dam is one of the highest dams in the world and the first arch
dam in India. Cheruthony is the largest and highest gravity dam in Kerala.

57
IDUKKI DAM

CHERUTHONY DAM
2.Pallivasal Hydro Electric Project

58
Pallivasal Power Plant is the first Power Project in Kerala. It was inaugurated in 1940. Though it
was started as a 200 kw installation in 1928 by the Kannan Devan Hill Produce Co., it was upgraded
to large scale plant later to meet the increased demand for power in Kerala. At present the power
station housed 6 generators, three each of 5 MW each and rest of 7.5 MW each. The present
capacity of the plant is 37.5 Mega watts and augmentation projects are going on currently to
Increase the capacity to 60MW.Water for the power plant is obtained from Muthirapuzha River.
Kundala Dam checks the flow of the river upstream and supplies water to MattupettyCheck dam.
A 2 MW plant is installed here. Water flows from its tail race to the Head Works. Here the water
level has to be maintained at 58.6 meters. If this is exceeded, the water overflows and if it is
lesser, air may seep into the tunnel, causing tripping of the alternators at power plant.Water from
the Head Works flows through the tunnels to the valve house equipped with butter fly valves .Four
penstocks start from here, out of these two penstocks split to supply six alternators The tail race
from Pallivasal is collected in a pond and is pumped through a head of 9 m by the Sengulam pump
house to Sengulam Power Station where it is further utilized.
3. Other Hydro Electric Projects
The Sengulam hydroelectric project is situated about 9 K.M down stream of Pallivasal Project in
Mudirampuzha River. 21.25 M.W Power is generated from this project. The Neriamangalam and
Periyar hydroelectric Projects are the other projects. Panniyar hydroelectric project is developed
on Panniyar, a tributary of Mudirampuzha River. Two Reservoirs, an upper Reservoir at
Anayirankel and lower Reservoir at Ponmudi. Neriamangalam hydroelectric project utilises the tail
waters of Sengulam power station and Panniyar power station and to excess catchment of
Mudirampuzha River below Munnar. The power station is at Panamkutty. Lower Periyar
hydroelectric project envisages utilisation of the tail waters from the existing Neriamangalam
power station and the spill from Kallarkutty head works.

Main projects and installed capacity

Installed capacity
Project Year started
(Mega Watts)
Pallivasal 1940 37.50
Sengulam 1954 48.00
Neriyamangalam 1961 48.00
Panniyar 1963 30.00

59
 Idukki 1976 780.00
Edamalayar 1987 75.00
LowarPeriyar 1997 180.00
Mattuppetty 1998 2.00
TOTAL 1197.50
Consumption pattern of Conventional energy is given Below
Category No. of Percentage to Monthly Percentage to
Connections Total Consumption Total
Domestic 80883 79.67 5750810
65.30
Commercial 18038 17.77 2196760
24.94
Agriculture 1326 1.31 81061
0.92
Industry 1180 1.16 488149
5.54
Others 99 0.10 290410
3.30
Total 101526 100 8807190 100

DISTRIBUTION AS ON 31-03-2017 OF CONVENTIONAL ENERGY

Sl.no Particulars KSEB
1 No of distribution transformers 2687
2 No. Of consumers 386533
3 Length of ht line 3144.08
4 Length of ht line (km) 14301.6
5 Number of street lights 689

Non conventional Energy: Consumption pattern (solar energy)

Category Capacity
Domestic 84kw
Commercial 162kw
Agriculture
Industry

WIND FARM
Wind power has emerged as the most promising source among all other renewable energy
sources for power generation and it is a viable and cost effective option for grid connected power
generation. The main windy areas in the State are the eastern mountainous regions of Idukki
district. Ramakkalmedu in Idukki district is identified as a place for the wind farm.Studies have
60
shown that Ramakkalmedu is the most suitable place for setting up the wind farm, as the area is
blessed with uninterrupted and high velocity wind during the season. Tthe first wind farm in
Idukki, set up at Ramakkalmedu with private participation, at a function to be held in
Thookkupalam on 27th April 2008. Seven wind farm units have started supply of power to the
KSEB’s Kallar sub-station.

With more power units to come up in the area, the total power generated will be marginally
increased. Seven more units are in under construction. Agencies like Agency for Non-Conventional
Energy and Rural Technology (Anert) are keen to launch wind units at Ramakkalmedu, which has
been found best suited for generating wind power, sources. Average windspeed here is 30.04
Km/h. The wind farm is an added attraction to Ramakkalmedu, which is known as a major tourism
spot that provides a panoramic view of Tamil Nadu. Around 10,000 visitors come to the area each
day since the launch of the windmill. Official sources say the cost of installing (excluding the land
price) a wind unit is Rs.4.15 crore and the power generated is sold to the KSEB at a rate of Rs.3.15
paise a unit as fixed by the Central Regulatory Authority. Each unit now produces 500 to 600 kWh
electricity and it can reach 1,500 kWh calculated at a maximum speed of 24 rpm (revolution per
minute). Companies such as Etton World, Sun Star, IBN, Zenith Energy, Eastern and Miton have
installed units with technical support of Vestar India, an arm of Vestar Denmark, which at present
has 35,000 wind farms the world over.

Wind mill at Ramakkalmedu

61
TRANSMISSION
Power transmission network

The number of power transmission stations at Idukki district as on 31/03/2012 is given in the
following table.

nos
220 kv Sub station 2
110 kv “ 7
66 kv “ 13
33 kv “ 9
Total 31
DISTRIBUTION
The distributor of electricity in Idukki is The Kerala State Electricity Board. They are responsible
for the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. They distribute to all places
except Munnar as here the distribution of electricity is done by Tata Tea Ltd. The number of
consumers,HT,LT lines and Number of street lights are given below.

Sl No Particulars KSEB
1 Number of distribution 2687
transformer
2 Number of consumers 386533
3 Length of HT line (km) 3144.1
4 Length of LT line (km) 14302
5 Number of street lights 689

62
 CHAPTER 5
Banking, Kudumbasree and Markets
5.1 BANKING
The District has good infrastructure facilities in banking. The Lead Bank of District is Union Bank of
India. All the major commercial banks have their operations in the district. The District also has
large number of registered private money lenders including that of the leading private Bankers like
Muthoot finance, Manappuram finance etc. the overall performance of financial institutions in the
district has been encouraging in the implementation of various schemes. The numbers of various
banks are given in the following tables.
Nationalized Banks
Sl No Name of Bank Urban Rural Total
1 Allahabad Bank 1 - 1
2 Andhra Bank 1 - 1
3 Axis Bank 1 1
3 Bank of Baroda 1 - 1
4 Bank of India 1 - 1
5 Bank of Maharashtra - - -
6 Canara Bank 1 4 5
7 Central Bank of India 1 3 4
8 Corporation Bank 1 2 3
9 Dena Bank 1 0 1
10 IDBI 1 2 3
11 Indian Bank 1 - 1
12 Indian Overseas Bank 1 - 1
13 Oriental Bank of Commerce 1 - 1
14 Punjab National Bank 1 - 1
15 State Bank of India 6 38 44
17 Syndicate Bank 1 - 1
18 UCO Bank 1 - 1
19 Union Bank of India 1 27 28
20 Vijaya Bank 1 - 1
21 South Malabar Grameen Bank 4 8 12
Total
27 83 112

63
5.2 Private Sector Banks

Sl No Name of Bank Urban Rural Total

1 AXIS Bank 1 1
2 Catholic Syrian Bank 1 3 4
3 City Union Bank 1 1 2
4 Dhanalakshmi Bank 1 1 2
5 Federal Bank 3 22 26
6 HDFC 1 1
7 KarurVysya Bank
8 Lakshmivilas Bank
9 South Indian Bank 3 15 18
10 ING Vysya Bank 1 1
11 Indus Ind Bank 1 1 2
12 ICICI 1 2 3
13 Kotak Mahindra 2 2
Total
16 45 62

5.3 Co-operative Sector Banks

Sl.No. Bank No. of Branches
1. State Co-operative Bank 1
2. District Co-operative Bank 54

3. Service Co-operative Bank 117

Kerala Financial Corporation- 2 branches

District Level Banking Statistics

Commercial Banks (Amt. in lakhs)
Sl. Description March 13 March 14 March 15 March 16 March 17
No.
1 No. of Branches 144 157 166 171 174
2 Deposits 267843 325720 357298 403269 48203
3 Advances 345703 412921 475568 494583 538971

64
 4 C.D. Ratio 129 127 133 123 112
5 P.S. Advances 282535 345554 389896 396025 428465
6 % Total to PSA to 82 84 82 80 80
Total Advance

Co-operative Banks and Others (Amt. in lakhs)

Sl.No. Description March 13 March 14 March 15 March 16 March 17
1 No. of Branches 51 53 53 61 62
2 Deposits 100584 137280 174833 206885 203043
3 Advances 17948 210969 226554 253697 268748
4 C.D. Ratio 170 154 130 123 132
5 P.S. Advances 158406 206350 225248 197956 228738
6 % Total to PSA to 93 98 99 78 85
Total Advance
Credit Flow to MSME Sector in 2016-17 is Rs 84331Lakhs

5.4 Kudumbasree
There are 12254 NHG s functioning under Kudumbasree in this district. The Details are given below
Bock wise Details of Kudumbashree units (2015-16 Financial Year)
Member Count Linkage Loan JLG
No. of Internal
Block/Muncipality NHG SC/ST others Thrift loan NHG AMOUNT Unit Members
Adimaly 1443 2968 17234 36901482 148877856 94 136507100 976 4880
Azhutha 1454 7168 13188 35723427 136836352 155 73788000 350 1750
Devikulam 1364 8190 10906 34087078 135861326 111 55164550 1219 6095
Elamdesom 1458 2702 17710 22080652 71390784 84 25538000 312 1560
Idukki 1705 2772 21098 44112715 196189562 150 66108750 1779 8895
Nedumkandam 1873 1358 24864 77892003 306621425 211 112349500 1012 5060
Kattappana 1943 2548 24654 61271317 224398879 186 74231230 714 3570
Thodupuzha 719 798 9268 12444675 38968860 77 19471000 236 1180
Thodupuzha (M) 295 0 4130 4550975 12961509 40 9774230 1 5
Idukki Total 12254 28504 143052 329064324 1272106553 1108 572932360 6599 32995

65
Panchayath wise details of Micro enterprises developed by Kudumbasree is given below
Major activity
No of micro No of
Name of Panchayath enterprises set Micro members
up Service (no) manufacturing involved
(No)
Adimali 15 5 10 75
Alackode 10 2 8 50
Arakulam 16 8 8 80
Ayyappancovil 14 4 10 70
Bysonvalley 8 4 4 40
Chakkupallam 14 10 4 70
Chinnakanal 4 2 2 20
Devikulam 16 9 7 70
Edamalakkudy 2 1 1 10
Edavetty 13 10 3 65
Elappara 6 3 3 30
Erattayar 18 11 7 90
Kamakshi 11 5 6 55
Kanchiyar 10 5 5 50
Kanjikuzhy 48 20 24 240
Kanthaloor 5 2 3 25
Karimannoor 6 3 3 30
Karinkunnam 4 1 3 20
Karunapuram 14 10 4 70
Kattappana 21 10 11 105
Kodikkulam 8 4 4 40
Kokkyar 22 11 11 110
Konnathadi 6 3 3 30
Kudayathoor 9 3 6 45
Kumaly 18 11 7 90
Kumaramangalam 7 5 2 35
Manakkadu 4 2 2 20
Mankulam 15 10 5 75
Marayoor 3 2 1 15
Mariyapuram 8 4 4 40
Munnar 6 3 3 30
Muttom 7 5 2 35
Nedumkandom 15 10 5 75
Pallivasal 12 6 6 60
Pampadumpara 19 10 9 95
Peermade 8 4 4 40
Peruvanthanam 13 10 3 65
Purappuzha 6 3 3 30
Rajakkadu 8 4 4 40
Rajakumari 14 10 4 70
Santhenpara 7 4 3 35
Senapathy 13 7 6 65
66
Udumbanchola 8 4 4 40
Udumbanoor 18 10 8 90
Upputhara 17 10 7 85
Vandanmedu 9 4 5 45
Vandiperiyar 8 4 4 40
Vannapuram 4 2 2 20
Vathikudy 19 9 10 95
Vattavada 2 1 1 10
Vazhathope 8 4 4 40
Vellathooval 18 10 8 90
Velliyamattam 9 5 4 45
Thodupuzha (M) 12 6 6 60
Idukki District 615 325 286 3065

Under the Kudumasree mission Idukki district, 615 micro units are functioning and generate an
employment of 3065 persons.
5.5 Markets Registered
Markets play a great role in the industrial concept. The details of registered markets in Idukki is
given below

Vegetable Fish Cattle Vegetable Fish Cattle

Name of Wholesale Wholesale Wholesale Retail Retail Retail
Panchayat Market Market Market Market Market Market
Adimali 0 1 1 0 1 1
Baisonvally 0 0 0 0 0 0
Konnathady 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pallivasal 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vellathooval 0 0 0 0 0 0
Adimali Total 0 1 1 0 1 1
Elappara 1 0 0 1 0 0
Kokkayar 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kumily 0 0 0 2 2 0
Peerumade 1 0 0 1 1 0
Peruvanthanam 0 0 0 0 0 1
Vandiperiyar 0 0 0 0 0 0
Azhutha Total 2 0 0 4 3 1
Chinnakanal 0 0 0 0 0 0
Devikulam 0 0 0 0 0 0
Edamalakudy 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kanthalloor 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mankulam 0 0 0 0 0 0
Marayoor 0 0 0 0 0 0
Munnar 1 0 0 1 1 0
Santhanpara 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vattavada 0 0 0 2 0 0
Devikulam block 1 0 0 3 1 0
67
toatal
Alacode 1 0 0 1 0 0
Karimannoor 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kodikulam 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kudayathoor 0 0 0 0 0 0
Udumbannoor 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vannapuram 0 0 0 0 0 0
Velliyamattom 0 0 0 0 0 0
Elamdesam block
total 1 0 0 1 0 0
Arakkulam 0 0 0 0 0 0
Idukki-Kanjikuzhi 1 0 0 0 0 0
Kamakshy 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mariyapuram 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vathikudy 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vazhathope 1 0 0 0 0 0
Idukki block total 2 0 0 0 0 0
Karunapuram 0 0 0 1 1 1
Nedumkandam 0 0 0 1 1 1
Pampadumpara 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rajakkad 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rajakumari 0 0 0 0 0 0
Senapathy 0 0 0 0 0 0
Udumbanchola 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kattappana
Ayyappancoil 0 0 0 1 1 0
Chakkupallam 0 0 0 1 1 0
Erattayar 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kanchiyar 1 0 0 0 0 0
Kattappana 0 0 0 1 1 1
Upputhara 3 2 0 7 4 0
Vandanmedu 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kattapana block
total 4 2 0 10 7 1
Edavetty 2 0 0 2 0 0
Karimkunnam 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kumaramangalam 0 0 0 0 0 0
Manakkad 0 0 0 0 0 0
Muttom 0 0 0 0 0 0
Purapuzha 0 0 0 0 0 0
Thodupuzha
block total 2 0 0 2 0 0
Thodupuzha (M) 3 2 0 4 2 0
IDUKKI TOTAL 15 5 1 26 16 5

68
 CHAPTER 6
INDUSTRIAL LAND

Idukki district is classified as industrially backward. Potential industries are less compared
to other districts. About 97% of the total area of the district is comprised by rugged mountains and
forests. There are strips of middle land (3%) in the western part of the district. Low land area is
totally absent in the district more than 50% of the area of the district is covered by forest.
Availability of land for Industries is very low. This is one of the main reasons for the district being
industrially backward.
6.1 Industrial Development Plot
District Industries Centre has one Industrial Development Plot in the District, which is at Muttom,
10 km from Thodupuzha. Total area of the DP is about 5 acres. Plots have been allotted to 13
units, out of which three units are closed down. Procedure for resumption and re-allotment is
under progress.
6.2 Mini Industrial Estates
There are four Mini Industrial Estates formed by the District Panchayat and five Mini Industrial
Estate formed by District Industries Centre are operational in the district. SIDCO is also maintaining
three Mini Industrial Estates in the District.
6.2.1 Mini Industrial Estates formed by District Panchayath
SI No. Name of the Mini Industrial No. of sheds Area (sqft)
Estate

1 Kumily 03 2000

2 Upputhara 03 1200

3 Kakkombu (muttom) 05 1000

4 Vazhathope 02 300

5 Murrikassery 03 1200

Total 16 5700

69
6.2.2 Mini Industrial Estates formed by District Industries Centre

Name of the Mini Industrial

SI No. No. of sheds Area (sqft)
Estate

1 Manakkad 10 7200

2 Udumbnoor 10 6900

3 Rajakumari 10 6000

4 Kattappana 10 7200

5 Muttam 5 871
Total 45 28171

6.2.3 Mini Industrial Estates formed by SIDCO

SI. No. Name of the Mini Industrial Estate No. of sheds

1 Olamattom 12

2 Kodikulam 12

3 Adimali 12

Total 36

6.3 Identification of Land for Industrial Purpose

Since unavailability of land for industrial purpose is one of the main reasons for district’s
backwardness in industrial growth, it is very essential to find more suitable land for setting up
industrial units. If local self institutions can identify land, it can be notified as Industrial area,
where units can functions without much pollution. With this view certain extend of land has been
identified for industrial purpose. The details are as follows:
DETAILS OF INDUSTRIAL LAND IDENTIFIED FROM LOCAL BODIES
Name of Block / Name of Survey No. Extent of No. of Sheds
Municipality Panchayath/Village Land

Elamdesam Block Vannappuram Vannappuram 40M2 one training centre

village is working

70
Elamdesam Block Alakkodu Alakkode 138/3 2.4 Acre Women
Employment
training centre was
working
Elamdesam Block Velliyamattam Alakkode 130M2 Not working
Elamdesam Block Training institute for
handicraft, now not
Velliyamattam Alakkode 1800 sqft. working
Elamdesam Block Velliyamattam Alakkode 25 M2 Not working
Elamdesam Block Velliyamattam Alakkode 64 M2 Not working
Elamdesam Block Vannappuram
Vannappuram village 90 M2 Working
Elamdesam Block Vannappuram
Vannappuram village 50 cent Working
Azhutha Block Kokkayar Construction of
sheds are in
Kokkayar 17/3 7 cent progress
Idukki Block Place reserved for
Kanjikkuzhy Kanjikuzhi 2 Acre Cemetry
Idukki Jilla Milk processing
panchayath unit,now not
Chakkupallam Anakkara ,514/1 50 cent working
Idukki Jilla
Industrial estate of
panchayath
District
Vandanmedu panchayath,now not
Vandanmedu 15/1 50 cent working
Idukki Jilla Kalkoonthal 2 sheds ,now
panchayath Nedumkandam 134/1 90 cent notworking
Idukki Jilla
panchayath Vathikudi Upputhodu,01/01 80 cent Not working
Idukki Jilla 3 sheds of MIE
panchayath Kumily Kumily, 2/1 90 cent now,not working
Idukki Jilla
panchayath Elappara Vagamon,654 105 cent MIE not working
Idukki Jilla Muttom ,343/1 MIE,5
panchayath Muttam B,20,24 50 cent sheds,Notworking
Idukki Jilla Kumaramangalam
panchayath Kumaramangalam 1233/9-1 50 cent MIE,4 sheds working
Idukki Jilla Women's Industrial
panchayath Thodupuzha estate,4 sheds
Thodupuzha (M) 254/1-4-1 51 cent working

71
 CHAPTER 8
EXISTING INDUSTRIAL SCINARIO
7.1 Industry at a Glance

Taluk Idukki
SL.NO HEAD
Devikulam Peermade Thodupuzha Udumbanchola Dist.
REGISTERED
1 706 561 1760 865 3892
INDUSTRIAL UNITS
TOTAL INVESTMENT(In
2 20300 17282 24393 8429 70404
Lakhs)
TOTAL
3 4854 3350 6272 2766 17242
EMPLOYMENT(No.s)
EMPLOYMENT IN
4 LARGE AND MEDIUM 1349 131 279 30 1789
INDUSTRIES(Nos.)
NO. OF INDUSTRIAL
5 0 0 1 0 1
AREA(DA/DP)
NO.OF MINI
6 1 0 2 2 5
INDUSTRIAL AREA

No. Of Units
2000
1760
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000 865 No. Of Units
800 706
561
600
400
200
0

Investment employment comparison

sl no Head Investment in crore employment
1 micro 217 10245
2 small 300 5208
3 medium 187 1789
Total 704 17242

Comparison of investment and employment in different types of units

72
 12000
10245
10000

8000

6000 5208 Investment in crore

employment
4000

1789
2000
217 300 187
0
micro small medium

The data and comparison shows that the number of micro units is higher in idukki district and the
employment generation per investment is higher in micro scale industries as compared to small
and medium scale industries.
The sector wise study of different types of industries, investments and employment details are
given below

Sl.No Type of Industry No of Units Investment Employment

1 Agro & Food based 648 36731 6261
2 Readymade garments 366 100446 901
3 Metal Products 348 151749 976
4 Non Metallic Mineral 240 3059 1162
5 Furniture Manufacturing 209 29189 686
6 Automobile Workshop 186 1135 644
7 Other Servicing 95 2437 379
8 Printing &Publishing 88 1329 295
9 Rubber & Plastic 78 855 323
10 Other services 66 328 223
11 Wood based 65 1233 405
12 Textile based 64 10933 262
13 Chemicals manufacturing 58 2180 708
14 Machinery and equipment 33 2247 271
15 Repair of household goods 22 50 86

73
 c) Year wise growth of MSMEs (last5 years)

No of units 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

Micro Manufacturing 162 172 172 159 184

Service 127 142 168 230 252
Small Manufacturing 18 20 14 13 17
Service 1 5 5 6 6
Medium Manufacturing 1
Service
Total 308 308 616 1232 2464

e) Employment growth of MSMEs (last 5 years)

Employment 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

Micro Manufacturing 591 639 617 517 633

Service 237 289 336 437 483
Small Manufacturing 48 117 62 29 31
Service 26 26 30 30 34
Medium Manufacturing
Service
Total

7.2 List of PSUs / Prominent / Major Industries in the District

Products
Investment
Name And Address Of The Name And Address Of Manufactured Employ
Sl.No (In Rs
Entrepreneur Of The Unit /Services ment
Lakhs)
Rendered
Firoz Meeran, Managing Director Eastern Condiments Pvt Food Products 3584 634
1 Ph:04864222206 Ltd, Adimali
L Krishna Kumar, Executive Pullivasal Packeting Tea Packeting 1917.33 153
Director, Tata Global Beverages Centre
2 Ltd 8547858674
Dr.Muralidhara Dasercmpu Kattappana
Ltd,Cochin- Dairymanaging
249446561625ercmpukattappan Director,E.R.C.M.P.U.Lt
3 a@Gmail.Com d, Kattappana Ghee 1666 30
Harrisons Malayalam Te
Limited, Upper a Factory
Surianalle Estate,
Surianalle Post, Via
Munnar, Idukki Dist.,
4 Upper Surianalle Factory Kerala. 942.18 142

74
 Kanan Devan Hills Te
Plantations Company a Factory
Pvt. Ltd., Chundavurrai
Estate, Munnar P O,
5 Chundavurrai Tea Factory Kerala 785.76 245
Kanan Devan Hills Te
Aromatic Distillation Unit Kdhp Plantations Company a Factory
6 Company Pvt Ltd Pvt. Ltd , Kundala 768.64 16
Firoz Meeran, Managing Director Masala Powder Division Food Products 621 235
Ph:04864222206 Eastern Condiments Pvt
7 Ltd, Adimali
Kanan Devan Hills Te
Plantations Company a Factory
Pvt. Ltd., Madupatty
Estate, Munnar P O,
8 Madupatty Tea Factory Kerala 579.83 81
L Krishna Kumar, Executive Pullivasal Factory Tea 577 73
Director, Tata Global Beverages
9 Ltd 8547858674
M D Kiidc, Iidc Corporation Ltd, Hilly Acqua, Mrala Po, Drinking 460 23
Tc1/1957, Vasanthvihar, Thodupuzha Water
Kumarapuram Po Medical
College Thiruvananthapuram, Ph
10 9447828063
Johny V Joseph,Vattathara Spicemore Trading Ex 447
House,Kumily 9447122533 Company,Kumily port Of Spices
11 Johnyspicemore.Com
Kanan Devan Hills Te
Plantations Company a Factory
Pvt. Ltd., Gundumallay
Estate, Munnar P O,
12 Thenmallay Tea Factory Kerala 415.93 70
M/S Tata Global Te
Beverages Limited, a Factory
Periakanal Tea Estate
Chinnakanal Post,
13 Periakanal Tea Factory Munnar , Kerala 398.26 100
Kanan Devan Hills Te
Plantations Company a Factory
Pvt. Ltd., Gundumallay
Estate, Munnar P O,
14 Gundumallay Tea Factory Kerala 383.64 63
Kanan Devan Hills Te
Plantations Company a Factory
Pvt. Ltd., Madupatty
Estate, Munnar P O,
15 Chokanad Tea Factory Kerala 381.46 104
Talliar Tea Factory Te
16 Talayar Tea Company Limited Talliar Estate P.O a Factory 340 35
Kanan Devan Hills Te
Munnar Workshop And Plantations Company a Factory
17 Engineering Department Pvt. Ltd ,Munnar 336.71 102
18 Dr.Hubby Mathew, Sahyadri,Pds Peermade Processing Of 291 43

75
 Pallikunnu-9446260366 Development Society Spices
Pdsorganicspices@Gmail.Com Organic
Spices,Kuttikkanam
Kanan Devan Hills Te
Plantations Company a Factory
Pvt. Ltd., Nullatanni
Estate, Munnar P O,
19 Periavurrai Tea Factory Kerala 283.59 78
Kanan Devan Hills Te
Plantations Company a Factory
Pvt. Ltd., Guderale
Estate, Munnar P O,
20 Guderale Tea Factory Kerala 281.89 101
Lockhart Tea Factory, Te
Harrisons Malayalam a Factory
Ltd, Devikulam-Po,
Harrisons Malayalam Ltd Munnar, Idukki - Dt,
21 Lockhart Factory Kerala. 240.5 76
Kanan Devan Hills Te
Plantations Company a Factory
Pvt. Ltd., Nyamakad
Estate, Munnar P O,
22 Kanniamallay Tea Factory Kerala 207.33 62
Kanan Devan Hills Te
Plantations Company a Factory
Pvt. Ltd., Guderale
Estate, Munnar P O,
23 Devikulam Tea Factory Kerala 188.85 66
Sunny Mathew,Vettorickal Highrange Spices Ex 180 25
House,Kumily.P.O,9446922137.V Kumily port Of Spices
24 imal@Highrangespices.Com
Kanan Devan Hills Te
Plantations Company a Factory
Pvt. Ltd., Letchmi
Estate, Munnar P O,
25 Letchmi Tea Factory Kerala 177 19
Srishti Complex Te
26 Srishti Deli Bakery Nullathaanny Estate a Factory 176 10
Kanan Devan Hills Te
Plantations Company a Factory
Pvt. Ltd., Guderale
Estate, Munnar P O,
27 Arivikad Tea Factory Kerala 169.33 68
Kanan Devan Hills Te
Plantations Company a Factory
Pvt. Ltd., Gundumallay
Estate, Munnar P O,
28 Vagavurrai Tea Factory Kerala 158.15 54

76
 John Karot Thomas, Malankara Malankara Rubber Crumb Rubber 154.61 28
Rubber Factory Ltd, A Division Of Factory, Crumb Factory
Malankara Plantation Ltd Road Mrala Po ,
Thodupuzha, Mob - 9447659438 Thodupuzha

29
Sijomon Josevathalloor Cochin
House,Kattappana P.O. Idukki Bakerskattappana Sn Backery
30 6855089747082373 Junction Products 150 15
Kanan Devan Hills Te
Plantations Company a Factory
Pvt. Ltd., Nullatanni
Estate, Munnar P O,
31 Kalaar Tea Factory Kerala 148.84 44
Jayasree Santhosh, Chengankal Palco Food Products, Bakery 146.29 89
32 House, Adimali Ph:9447001006 Adimali Products
Kanan Devan Hills Te
Plantations Company a Factory
Pvt. Ltd., Chundavurrai
Estate, Munnar P O,
33 Yellapatty Tea Factory Kerala 145.92 71
Devasia Mathewpathipillil, Western Ghats
Ayyappancoil P.O Mattukkatta, Spiceskanchiyar Cardamom
34 6855079447806075 Kanchiyar P O Processing 142 4
K I Paul, Managing Director Green Mount Spices Food Products 129 19
35 Ph:9495930076 Pvt Ltd, Neriamangalam
Hubby Mathew,Sahyadri,Pds Sahyadri Ayurvedic Ayurvedic 116 15
Pallikunnu-9846278023 Farmaceuiticals,Pallikun Product
36 Ayurvedafactory@Gmail.Com nu
Gracykkutty Abraham, Parambil Pooja Foods And Curry Food Products 115 10
37 House, Kunchithanny Powders, Kunchithanny
Kanan Devan Hills Te
Plantations Company a Factory
Pvt. Ltd., Chundavurrai
Estate, Munnar P O,
38 Chittavurrai Tea Factory Kerala 106.94 25
Kanan Devan Hills Te
Plantations Company a Factory
Pvt. Ltd., Nyamakad
Estate, Munnar P O,
39 Kadalaar Tea Factory Kerala 97.73 74
Te
Sandal Wood Oil Factory Kerala a Factory
Forest Development Corporation Marayoor Sandal Depot
40 Ltd. Marayoor P.O 95 3
P.J Thomas,Porunnolil P.J Thomas & Pr 75 12
House,Spring Company,66 Th ocessing Of
Valley,Kumily,9895038322 Mile,Springvalley,Kumil Spices
Info@Pjt.Co.In y
41

77
 Kanan Devan Hills Te
Plantations Company a Factory
Pvt. Ltd., Nullatanni
Estate, Munnar P O,
42 Tea Museum Kerala 74.43 23

Sajeev.Vblock No:418, Kallar P

O, Thookkupalam, Pin:685552, Leela Backery
43 Mob 9544320329 Foodsthookkupalam Products 60 12
Reji Josephputhenparambil Brg Associates
House Puliyanmala P.O Puthuparambil Building
Ganapathipalam9747253028 Puliyanmala P.O,
44 Gkgonline@Gmail.Com Ganapathipalam Rice Powder 58 8

Jays Coffee Works

Jaison V Thomasblock.No 558, Thookkupalamthookku
45 Kallar.P.O, Idukki9447315355 palam Kallar P O Coffe Powder 50 9
Kanan Devan Hills Te
Plantations Company a Factory
Pvt. Ltd., Letchmi
Estate, Munnar P O,
46 Sevenmallay Packeting Centre Kerala 44.56 14
Fr George Kollamparambilhigh
Land Tea Factory Calvary Mount
P O9961475399 High Lands Tea Factory
47 Jeevantea@Yahoo.Co.In Calvary Mount P O Tea 40 20
Jiji Thomasanchanickal House, Anchanickal Hollow
Kanchiyar P O, Bricks And
Kanchiyar8281285104bibyscaria Tileskanchiyar P O Bricks, Hollow
48 @Gmail.Com Kanchiyar Blocks 35 12
Jiju Josephkoppuzhayil House Highrange Fertilisers
Puliyanmala P O Puliyanmala Puliyanmalapuliyanmal Oil-Cake,
49 9747111273 Hrfbio@Gmail.Com a P O Puliyanmala Neem Cake 32 8
Viji Gijiputhenpurackal
Kunthalampara Pvs Bruquittesmie
50 Kattappana9746694153 Kattappana Bruquittes 30 9

7.3 List of Industrial Co-operative societies

Extent
No of of land
membe & Area working/ not
rs Extent of of bldg working/
Categor registe No. of Whether land & Area unutilis Dormant/und
y Name of the society red workers SC/ ST of bldg ed er liquidation
Handloom

Panamkutty HWCS
Ltd.No.HL IND(I)1,
s

Panamkutty 271 45 working

78
 Valara Harigan
Girigan HWCS
Ltd.No. HL IND(I)4, 20 Tribal
Valara, cent,1200 cettle
Ozhuvathadam 71 12 SC/ST sqft ment working
Rajamudy HWCS Ltd
No.HL
IND(I)6Rajamudy, 8 cent,
Upputhodu.P.O 80 0 1000 sqft Dormant
Kamakshy SC
Women HWCS Ltd
No.HL IND(I)10,
Kamakshy 0 SC nil Dormant
Kattappana HWCS
Ltd.No.HL IND(I)2,
Kattappana,
Vellayamkudy.P.O 41 0 nil Dormant
Keerithode Vanitha
HWCS Ltd.No.HL 8 cent, 900 Dormant(un
IND(I)5, Keerithode 36 0 SC sqft der revival )
Chythanya Vanitha Tribal
HWCS HL IND(I)8, cettle
Poochapa. 81 0 ST 10 cent ment Dormant
Kasthoorba HWCS
Ltd.No.HL IND(I)9, Dormant(un
Elappilly 50 0 ST 15 cent der revival )
Vannapuram HWCS
Ltd.No.HL IND(I)3,
Vannapuram 69 0 nil Dormant
Pulikkathotty HWCS
HL IND(I)76,
Pulikkathotty 32 0 ST nil Liquidation
Kanjar HWCS HL
IND(I)11, Kanjar 35 0 nil Dormant
Thodupuzha Vanitha
Craft ICS Ltd No.C 5cent ,800
IND (I) 7 Thodupuzha 29 0 Sqft under revival
Poomala Tribal Tribal
Devpt.HICS C IND (I) 10 cent,200 cettle under
9 Poomala 0 Sqft ment liquidation
Akshaya Bamboo &
Handicr Cane Workers ICS
afts Ltd No. S IND (I) 40
Machiplavu.PO
Adimali 39 0 nil dormant
Azhangadu
Handicrafts ICS Ltd
No.S IND (I) 96
Azhangadu,
Meloram.PO 30 0 nil dormant

79
 Dhanya Womens ICS
Ltd.No.C.IND(I) 5cent ,no
46,Mundanmudy 22 0 bldg 5 cent dormant
Priya WICS Ltd No.S
IND(I) 26, 10 cent,800
Mundanmudy 32 0 Sqft underrevival
Karimkunnam
Vanitha Handicraft
ICS Ltd No.C IND under
(I)18,Karimkunnam 0 liquidation
Bamboo & Cane
Workers ICS Ltd No.S
IND (I) 33, under
Mamalakandom.PO 34 0 nil liquidation
Chillithodu SC
Handicraft ICS Ltd
No.S IND (I) 21,
Irumbupalam, under
Valara.PO 40 0 nil liquidation
Pampadumpara
Handicrafts ICS Ltd
No.S IND (I) 92
Pampadumpara.PO 15 0 nil dormant
Surabhi Womens ICS
Ltd No.S IND (I) 34 5 cent
,Mamalakandom 11 0 ,500Sqft dormant
Vanarani Handicrafts
ICS Ltd No.S IND (I)
90 Thoppippala.PO 10 0 nil dormant
Karimkunnam Power
Powerl Loom Ltd NoPL
oom IND(I)3,Karimkunna under
m 0 liquidation
Mannamkandom
WICS Ltd No.S IND (I)
No. 39,
Mannamkandom, under
Adimali 0 5cent liquidation
Manthippara
Women's ICSLtd
No.S IND (I) 16
Kochara.PO 75 0 nil dormant
others Adimali Tribal
Womens ICS Ltd
No.S IND (I) 27, 14 cent
Adimali 31 1000sqft4 working
Baffakki Womens ICS
Ltd No.S IND (I) 42
Adimali 30 0 nil dormant
Ellakkal SC Workers
ICS Ltd No.S IND (I)
66, Ellakkal.PO 25 0 dormant
80
Guhanathapuram SC
ICS Ltd No. S IND (I)
31
Guhanathapuram.PO 31 0 dormant
Munnar Metal
Crushing Workers
ICS Ltd No.S IND (I)
19, Munnar PO 31 0 dormant
Priyadarsini Vanitha
ICS Ltd No.S IND (I)
62 Deviyar Colony 3cent,300S
PO 0 qft dormant
Hilpo Plastic ICS Ltd
No.S IND (I) 37 10cent,500
Kanchiyar.PO 0 Sqft dormant
Keerthi WICS Ltd
No.S IND (I) 83,
Kattappana (S) PO 10 0 nil dormant
New Light WICS Ltd
No.S INDn (I) 89,
Nettithozhu.PO. 10 0 nil dormant
Prathibha WICS Ltd
No.S IND (I) 77
Kanchiyar.PO 10 0 nil dormant
Thushara WICS Ltd
No.S IND (I) 88
Mattappilly,
Thoppippala 10 0 nil dormant
Anugraha WICS Ltd
No.S IND (I) 95
Vazhavara.PO 10 0 nil dormant
Highrange Honey
Processing and
Products ICS Ltd
No.S.IND (I) 101, 26 0 nil dormant
Muthirappuzha WICS
Ltd No.S IND (I) 97
Muthirappura,
Konnathady.PO 22 0 nil dormant
Rajamudy Youth ICS
Ltd No.S IND (I) 58
Rajamudy.PO 11 0 nil dormant
Sangamithram WICS
Ltd No.S IND (I) 71,
Koottar.PO,
Karunapuram 14 0 nil dormant
Thriveni WICS Ltd
No.S IND (I) 86,
Thoppippala.PO 10 0 nil dormant
Udayam Vanitha ICS
Ltd No.S IND(I) 78,
Senapathy.PO 10 0 nil dormant
81
Gramadeepam WICS
Ltd No.S IND (I) 70,
Sanyasioda.PO 10 0 nil dormant
Anjali WICS Ltd No.S
IND (I) 87,
Kattappana.PO 10 0 nil dormant
Anupama WICS Ltd
No.S IND (I) 73
Kovilkadavu,
Marayoor 11 0 nil dormant
Arya WICS Ltd No.S
IND (I) 80
Nettithozhu.PO 10 0 nil dormant
Deepthy WICS Ltd
No.S IND (I) 74,
Kamakshy.PO 10 0 nil dormant
Devikulam Taluk SC
ICS Ltd No. S IND (I)
23 Munnar 28 0 nil dormant
Idukki District
Karinkal Quarry
Operators ICS Ltd
No.S IND (I) 102,
Kattappana.PO 54 0 nil dormant
Idukki Food
Processing &
Supplies Industrial
Co:operative Society
Ltd No.S IND (I) 103 26 0 nil under revival
Idukki Jilla Aurveda
Oushadha Nirmana
ICS Ltd No.S IND (I)
99, Neriamangalam 43 0 nil nor working
Indira WICS Ltd No.S
IND (I) 85,
Mattukatta 10 0 nil dormant
Kattappana Hatchery
WICS Ltd No.S IND (I)
79, Kattappana PO 10 0 nil dormant
Mamatha Vanitha
ICS Ltd No.S IND(I)
98 Rajakkadu.PO 10 0 nil dormant
Mariya WICS Ltd
No.S IND (I)
93Ayyappancoil.PO 10 0 nil dormant
Santhigram Womens
ICS Ltd No. S IND (I)
43 Santhigram.PO
Kattappana 16 0 nil dormant
Udaya ICS Ltd No. S
IND (I) 25,
Kattappana 10 0 nil dormant
82
Udumbanchola Taluk
Vanitha Vyavasaya
Sahakarana Sangom
Ltd No.S IND (I) 44
Nedumkandom.PO 78 0 nil dormant
Idukki District
Engineers and
Technicians ICS Ltd
No.S IND (I) 4,
Thodupuzha 54 4 199cent, working
Resmi WICS Ltd No.S
IND (I) 91,
Mullarigandu 15 5 nil working
Amb edker Memorial 25
ICS Ltd No. S IND (I) cent,1000S
17 Manakkadu.PO 46 0 qft not working
Idukki Dist Mini
Industrial Estate Co-
op Society Ltd No.S 4
IND (I) 10, acr4cent,33
Thodupuzha 56 0 620sqft working
Sneha WICS Ltd No.S
IND (I) 72,
Kannickal.PO,
Moolamattom 15 0 nil not working
KoovakandomTribal
Womens ICS Ltd Tribal
No.S IND (I) 28, 15 cent,500 cettle
Koovakandom.PO 22 0 Sqft ment dormant
Aiswarya Womens
Rubber ICS Ltd No.S
IND (I) 41
Manakkadu 22 0 nil dormant
Suvarna Tribal
Womens ICS Ltd No. Tribal
S IND (I) 29, 10 cent,600 cettle
Koovadandom.PO 24 0 Sqft ment dormant
Santhigirijan
Womens Electronics
Ltd No. S IND (I) 13, 10 cent,650
Peringassery 41 0 Sqft dormant
Upputhara Navodaya
SS ICS Ltd No.S INID 5cent ,no
(I) 12 78 0 bldg 5 cent dormant
Puthuppariyaram
Womens ICS Ltd No.
S IND (I) 30, 5 cent,400
Puthuppariyaram.PO 24 0 Sqft dormant
Aswathy Womens
ICS Ltd No.S IND (I) 10 cent,900
32, Manakkadu.PO 15 0 Sqft under revival

83
Amala Womens ICS
Ltd No.S IND (I) 48
Peruvanthanam.PO,
Amalagiri 16 0 nil dormant
Archana Vanitha
Vyavasaya
Sahakarana Sangham
Lt d No.S IND (I) 76
Upputhara.PO 11 0 nil dormant
Kairali Metal
Workers ICS Ltd No.
S IND (I) 36
Keerithodu.PO 15 0 dormant
Rajeev Gandhi ST
Vanitha ICS Ltd No. S
IND (I) 64
Maniyarankudy.PO 12 0 nil dormant
Upputhara WICS Ltd
No.S IND (I) 84,
Upputhara PO 10 0 nil dormant
Mythri Womens ICS
Ltd No.S IND (I) 55,
Vazhithala .PO 21 0 nil dormant
Santhisadan
Tailoring ICS Ltd No.S
IND (I) 65,
Kulamavu.PO 15 0 nil dormant
Savery WICS Ltd No.S
IND (I) 82,
Pasuppara.PO 10 0 nil dormant
Silpa WICS Ltd No.S
IND (I) 94
Vellaramkunnu.PO 10 0 nil dormant
Super ICS Ltd
No.S.IND (I) 81
Pasuppara.PO 10 0 nil dormant
Bhavana Womens
ICS Ltd No. S IND (I)
52 Kanjar.PO 16 0 nil dormant
Excel Aluminium
Fabricators ICS Ltd
No. S IND (I) 53
Thodupuzha.PO 16 0 nil dormant
Dears Vanitha ICS Ltd
No.S IND (I) 63
Vazhithala 11 0 nil dormant
Idukki Automobile
ICS Ltd No.S IND (I)
14 Painavu 35 0 nil dormant
Kanjar Printing
Workers ICS Ltd
No.S IND (E) 45 18 0 nil dormant
84
 Kanjayar
Thodupuzha

Pazhayarikandom
ICS Ltd No.S IND (I)
100, Kanjikuzhi PO 10 0 nil dormant
Snehalaya Womens
ICS Ltd No.S IND (I)
50 Chelachuvadu.PO 21 0 nil dormant
Ushus WICS Ltd No.S
IND (I) 69
Amaravathi.PO 12 0 nil dormant
Vandiperiyar
Printeres ICS Ltd
No.S IND (I) 56,
Vandiperiyar.PO 26 0 nil dormant
Wembly Womens
ICS Ltd No.S IND (I)
60 Wembly.PO 0 nil dormant
Mylappuzha Tribal
WICS Ltd No.S IND
(I)47,Pazhayarikanda
m 21 0 dormant
Navajyothi WICS Ltd
No.S IND (I) 49 5cent ,no under
Elappilly 0 bldg liquidation

7.4 Entrepreneurship Development Clubs – There 12 ED clubs registered with DIC in Idukki
district. And 11 more are under registration process. The Taluk wise details is given below
Sl.No Taluk Registered Under processing Total
1 Thodupuzha 3 6 9
2 Devikulam 2 2
3 Udumbanchola 4 3 7
4 Peermade 3 2 5
Total 12 11 23

7.5 Cluster: No cluster is functioning in Idukki district.

Scope of new clusters:
 Formation of one cluster is Marayoor for the branded Marayoor Jaggery
 Readymade garments at Elamdesam Bklock
 Spices processing
 Bamboo and Reed
 Wooden furniture
85
7.6 INCUBATION CENTRES: One Incubation centre is working in the District Industries
Centre. Entrepreneur can get all assistance from this centre.

7.7 Traditional sectors in the District:

Handloom and Handicrafts are the two traditional sectors in Idukki district.

7.8 Major exports in the District

Spices (raw), tea and curry powder are the important items exporting from Idukki
district.

Export potential

 Marayoor jaggery
 Jack fruit products
 Herbal tea
 Fruit processing
 Bamboo products
 Sandalwood oil
 Lemon grass oil.

7.9 Problems and issues

General issues faced by MSMEs in Idukki
 Lack of a traditional industries backbone
 Lack of industrial culture
 Difficulties in marketing due to infrastructure shortcomings
 Lack of Common Facility Centers
 Lack of infrastructure facilities like road, rail and airports.
Land Availability: Availability of land for Industries is very low. About 97% of the total area of the
district is comprised by rugged mountains and forests. There are strips of middle land (3%) in the
western part of the district. Low land area is totally absent in the district more than 50% of the
area of the district is covered by forest.
Infrastructure: The main problem the sector facing is lack of availability of industrial
infrastructure, i.e. availability of industrial land and transportation facility like road, access to
market centers, ports, airports, supply of electricity etc.

86
Agro based industry: Though the district has sufficient agricultural resource like cardamom,
pepper, rubber, coffee etc. they are not being processed in the district itself and are exported to
nearby districts or state. Hence Idukki is not getting the full benefits of the products that are
produced here.
7.10 Prospects and Potential of Idukki
Idukki district is the abode of plantation crops like cardamom, tea, coffee, rubber, pepper etc. The
agricultural products produced in the district are exported in the raw form. Value addition by
converting end products is very rarely done in the district. There is to set up more number of
processing units and thereby value addition.
Spices based industries:
Spices like pepper (16708 T), cardamom, ginger (2359 T). Hence there is a good scope for hygienic
drying units for pepper, cardamom and other spices. Spice oils, Oleoresins, curry powder also have
ample scope.
Fruits & Vegetables:
This is one of the very important sectors. The new arrivals in the segment are vegetable curries,
canned mushrooms, dried fruits & vegetables & fruit juice concentrates. Preservation of
perishable vegetables by Dehydration method can make them available throughout the year. The
traditional sun drying is time consuming, less hygienic and climate dependant.
Mineral Based Industry:
Granite is the main mineral resources indentified in the district. Since most of the part of the
district is covered by hills and rocks, substantial quantity of granite deposits (256377 MT) for
construction purposes are available. There has been a scarcity of river sand from last few years, So
there is a scope for Mineral sand producing industry.
Rubber Based Industry
Idukki is one of the leading producers of natural rubber in the state. There is enough potential for
setting up a number of units in the sector. At present a few units are engaged in the industry.

Providing Cold Storage Facility

Spice, Fruits and vegetables produced are having a very short shelf life. In order to prevent post
harvest losses, they have to be immediately processed and stored under refrigerated conditions.
Cold storage facility can be provided by an individual or by a group. Material stored in cold storage
in crates. The facility can be provided at the collection centers of spices

87
 CHAPTER 8
SWOT ANALYSIS

A detailed analysis of STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, and OPPERTUNITIES AND THREATS (SWOT) for
industrialization in Idukki district is carried out so as to arrive at suitable proposals for the future.
a. STRENGTHS
1. There are 8 hydroelectric projects in the district which generates almost 80% of the State’s power
requirement which means that there is surplus power in the district and there is ample scope for
promoting industrial units in the district.
2. Idukki is the agricultural district of Kerala which has plentiful agricultural produces like spices, tea,
coffee, rubber, coconut etc. Due to this, there is good scope for agro-based projects in the district.
The climate in Idukki is suitable for growing the above items.
3. The district produces considerable quantities of horticulture crops like jackfruit, mango, etc.
4. Cochin harbour and Nedumbassery International Airport are located within 50 to 100 kms from
the district. Cochin is well connected by roads from the district.
5. There is ample scope for promoting tourism as the district has beautiful natural sceneries. Places
like Munnar, Thekkady are popular for tourism.
6. The district has underutilized water resources both surface and ground water in large quantities.
7. Availability Building Granite
8. Availability of Wind energy
9. Availability of Milk
10. Availability Water
b. WEAKNESSES

1. Almost 96% of the area of the district is highland area covered by undulating hills and valleys.
There are 14 peaks in the district which exceeds a height of 2000 meters above M.S.L. More than
50% of the area is covered by dense forest. There is only 4% area under midland region.
2. Most of the panchayath roads are poorly maintained. Certain panchayaths still lack in adequate
roads. During rainy season the roads become un-motorable even for jeeps.
3. The district is not connected by rail and this is indeed a great handicap for the development of the
district.

88
4. Though the district stands first in the state in the matter of generation of electricity, the district is
facing power shortage and power failures in most of the areas. Frequently power-cuts affect the
working of the existing units badly.
5. Many of the farmers are not having clear title of their property. This restricts them to avail loans
from financial institutions.
6. Availability of Land
7. New problems with Gadgil & Kasthoori Rangan Reports
c. OPPERTUNITIES
1. Cochin a well developed city and known as the industrial city of Kerala, is very near to Idukki. The
northern part of the district is very near to the Nedumbassery International Airport and Cochin
port. In future, Idukki can develop as a satellite city of Cochin for further development due to non-
availability and high cost of land in Ernakulam.
2. Idukki may be treated as thje Raw Material Hub of Spices, Tea, and agriculture produce, Forest
produce etc….
3. The National Highway NH-49 connecting Cochin & Dhanushkodi which is passing through Idukki
will open new opportunities for the district due to its unique characteristics like large areas for
industrialization, comparatively low cost of land and easy to access to Cochin & Madhurai.
4. There are many tourist spots in the district which have developing infrastructure facilities like
accommodation, road, transportation etc. After improving these facilities there is ample scope for
attracting foreign tourists and thereby earning foreign exchange.
5. Idukki is one of the rich districts of Kerala because of the agricultural income. The purchasing
powers of people are very high and there is scope for production and marketing of consumer
products in the district.
6. The packing materials required for major industries such as TATA tea, eastern Curry powder, etc.
are coming from neighboring districts and even outside the state. There are enough scope for
setting up some packing material units for supplying to these units.

d. THREATS
1. Though almost 80% of the power for the state is produced in the district, most part of the district
is facing acute power problem. In Thodupuzha where the maximum concentration of industrial
units exists and which is hardly 20 km from Moolamattom power house, the units functioning
there are facing acute power problem. If timely and proper plans/ programmes are not made in

89
 this sector, there is every possibility that all the new opportunities will be shifted to the
neighboring districts.
2. If a proper investment climate is not provided, the capital might get diverted and get sunk in un-
productive assets. This will cause capital squeeze for new projects. Also money will remain as
deposits rather than put to productive purposes.
3. There is a possibility of creating an ecological imbalance due to the felling of trees, changing
topography, etc.
4. Creation of unacceptable pollutants in water and air by proposed industries can be a health hazard
to living beings.

8.2 Potential Sectors

The Identified in the District identified are given the table below

strategy for development interventions needed for

Category Potential Sectors of identified sector development of identified sector
Common facility centre
Increase sugar cane Provide building and machineries for
production Better price for manufacturing,subsidy to farmers,
Nano jaggery manufacturing the product and marketing Availing geographical indication
skill training to incumbents for
manufacturing value added products
such as chair, handicrafts item with
Produce export quality enchanting look. Development of
products from bamboo, common facility centre. Outlet near
Arrange marketing facility t Kochi- Danushkkodi National highway
Nano Bamboo products bamboo products for bamboo products
Nano Food processing Arrangements for micro Quality and variety products will be
finance available locally
Nano Electronic products Train the students of poly High Quality, Durable and low cost
like LED technics, ITI’s and technical products by altering the circuit
institutions boards
Nano Value added products 1. Banana dry fruits can be 1.Should provide sufficient
from 1.Tapioca, made form raw banana, awareness training first,training for,
2.banana,3.Spices 2.Tapioca chips and Tapioca 2.Skill development program.
4.Jack fruits. powder etc.can be made 3.Provide good training to assure
from it. 3.Jack fruits large quality of the products
quantity available in
market.
Nano food products Home made production and Financial assistance to be given to
supply of food items to entrepreneurs
hotels,restaurents,catering
agencies etc.

90
Nano Handicrafts Sell handicraft items in Skill training to be provided
Tourism destinations
increase raw strawberry
Straw berry production, More value subsidy to farmers to impart training
preservative added products from straw to make jelly and squash from
Micro manufacturing units berry strawberry
Flavored jaggery Produce export quality provide proper training, basic
Micro manufacturing units jaggery infrastructure facility
produce export quality semi
Micro Dried vegetable units. processed dried vegetable Provide technology and skill training
Chocolate Produce good quality
Micro manufacturing units chocolate from cocoa Skill training
Convert at least 50% black
White pepper pepper produced to white Skill training and introduction of new
Micro manufacturing units pepper technology
Processing of spices Providing Energy efficient R&D sector for agricultural products
like cardamom, machineries leads to low implements
Micro pepper, ginger etc. cost production
Meat and meat Latest technology to be Skill Training to be provided in this
Micro products made available area
Processing of coffee New technologies to be Technical knowledge should be
Micro used for quality products provided
Automobile repairing Latest technologies / Technical knowledge should be
Micro centres machineries to be procured provided
Construction materials For local availability of raw licensesing proces must be simplified,
materials quarrying in Quarrying to be allowed in controlled
controlled manner to be manner.
Micro allowed
Dry Fruits and Need suitable processing Skill Training to be provided in this
vegetable processing method, from the collection area
like fruit pulps stage onwards.
dehydrated products
Micro etc.
Set up common facility centre, Avail
support from existing R &D
Oleoresins from produce export quality institutions, Branding of
cardamom, pepper, oleoresins from spices. products.legally permission to
ginger, sandalwood oil Exporting of sandal wood private companies to manufacture
Small manufacturing units oil and increase production sandalwood oil
Tourism related Tourism based courses Basic infrastructure to be developed
industries should be started in the
institutions to improve
Small quality in this area

91
 Rubber based industry Rubber bands, hand glow, Rubber based industry needs huge
( Elamdesam block different types of bushes amount of investment, Pollution
large quantity of required for motor vehicle, control masseur should be taken.
rubber producing in and machineries
the district.)
Small

92
 CHAPTER 9
9.1 PROPOSED PATTERN OF INDUSTRIALISATION
In the previous chapters data pertaining to resources, skills, infrastructure etc. available in
the district have been presented. Also the data regarding the status of existing industries in the
district, with details of the existing industrial infrastructure available, have been discussed. The
results of the primary survey among industries, Bankers, Financial Institutions, Development
agencies, Traders, Marketing agencies etc. have also been included. With the help of these data, a
SWOT analysis ( strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats) has been undertaken. Based on
these, new industrial possibilities of the district have been identified and are presented in the
chapter. Also , the requirements of critical infrastructure and support systems like power, water,
Bank Credit etc. are discussed in detail.
9.2 PROPOSED PATTERN FOR GROWTH OF INDUSTRIES
The project proposed for industrialization of the district has been identified based on the
availability of raw materials, skill, Technology, Local and export market etc. These projects have
been classified into 16 product groups of convenience. This will also enable the government and
other implementing agencies to easily formulate specific programmes for each sector.
The industrial status of Idukki shows that most of the units set up are market oriented projects
and agro based projects.
Since agriculture is the major income earning sector of the district, thrust should be given for this
sector.
The other thrust areas for which tremendous potential exists is for Electronic Projects, Tourism,
Other food products and Mechanical projects. Future pattern of industrialization in the district is
proposed based on these aspects. The market potential for various projects is elaborated at the
end of this chapter.
9.3 IDENTIFICATION OF PRODUCT GROUPS
Other than the major thrust areas of Agro based products , Electronics, Light
Engg.(Mechanical) and Tourism , another 12 product groups have been identified for Idukki
district which include services and infrastructural facilities like Hospitals, Hotels etc. The basis of
selection of various projects are follows:-

1. Agro based Industries-(Thrust Area)

Idukki district is the abode of plantation crops like Cardamom, tea, coffee ,rubber, pepper,
coconut etc. The economy of the district mainly depends upon agriculture and it brings about 62%

93
of the District’s income which is the highest among the district of Kerala. Small and marginal
farmers predominate in the district. The agricultural products produced in the district is
transported to other districts/States and even exported in the raw form. Because of this neither
the farmers are getting adequate returns nor the district is getting advantage. Since most of the
products are seasonal , the price of the products are reduced to the lowest level in the harvesting
seasons. The only remedy to overcome this is by setting up more numbers of processing units and
thereby value addition is done in the district itself. Hence Rubber based industries, coconut based
industries, Vegetable processing, Food processing, Spice oils and extracts etc. have tremendous
potential in the district.
2 Rubber

The district is one of the leading producers of natural Rubber in the state. Annual
production of the Rubber in the district is about 10,500 MT. In the primary survey it was found
that there are not enough units using Rubber as raw materials in the district.Rubber Industry in
Kerala is restricted to a new items like Hawai sheets and chapels, tread, foam Rubber,latex thread,
moulded rubber products etc. There are about 36,000 different rubber products used in our day
today life out of which hardly 10 to 15 products are manufactured in Kerala.
Kerala accounts for almost 93% of natural rubber production in the country and hardly 12% is
consumed in the state by Industrial units. The market potential for various rubber products are as
follows:-
3.Spices

Idukki is famous for its spices like Pepper, Cardamom, Ginger etc. Most of these items are
transported from the district in raw form. Because of the poor drying system adopted by farmers,
the materials get degarded and unsuitable for exports and hence neither the farmers nor the
district is getting real advantages . Moreover the value addition by converting these to end
products and very rarely done in the district. There is good scope for hygienic drying units for
Pepper, Cardamom and other spices. Since the maximum production of pepper is attained in
Kattappana and of cardamom in Nedumkandom, these units are preferred to be located in these
areas.
4.Wood

Almost 50% of the area of the district is covered with dense forest and the availability of
wood by Government option and private forest are enough in the district for setting up a few
wood processing units. Necessary Government clearances has to be taken before setting up wood
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based units. Saw mills ,modern wood working units, Black Boards, Packing case manufacturing
units etc. are few projects which can be promoted in the district. Soft wood treatment plants (for
rubber wood) are also having good potential in the district because of the availability of rubber
wood. As hard wood for building construction and furniture production is becoming scarce day by
day and relatively cheaper cost of treated rubber wood have created tremendous potential for
rubber wood products. The primary survey conducted in one such unit in the district shows that
the demand is increasing steadily.
5 Herbs, Flowers & Leaves
Many herbs, leaves and fruits available in forests are of great medicinal value and are used for
making Ayurvedicmedicines . Such products from the forest of Idukki gives good scope for starting
few units for manufacturing Ayurvedic products. The aroma of flowers and leaves are having
tremendous potential in cosmetic industry. The aroma is extracted from flowers and leaves by
steam distillation of process. The natural colours obtained from the extraction of leaves and
spices are used as food dyes. As artificial colours are banned in food industry in European
Countries , this item is expected to have good export potential also.
6.Fruits and Vegetables
Processing of fruits & vegetables has got tremendous potential in the district. Pineapple, Mango,
Jackfruit etc. are the major fruits produced in the district. Pulping units ,Fruit concentration units
,Dehydration units ,Production of Jams etc. are the various projects having potential in these
areas. Most of the fruits are seasonal and the price of these products become very low in the
harvesting season and ultimately the farmers does not get enough returns for their products. The
only remedy for it is to set up Fruit processing unit in the district itself. Pineapple processing units
are ideal for ThodupuzhaTaluk as one of the major Pineapple grown area is Vazhakulam near
Thodupuzha.
Vegetable preservation is another project suitable for the area so that the vegetables produced
can be preserved by way of freezing, Vaccum process etc. which could be of use in off season.
Dehydration of tomato and tomato sauce are products for which the high tomato production can
be made use of. The market is flooded with products such as Magi, Kissan etc.
7. Farm sector products
Idukki has developed dairy farming in a big way and several APCOs and non APCOS have been
formed for collection and distribution of milk. Major portion o the milk produced in the district is
supplied to Milma and for local distribution. As the number of chilling plants and other storage
facilities in the district is not sufficient, industries related to value addition in milk is not so

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developed in the district. By providing new technology And skill development training to the milk
producer new industrial can be set up in the district.A good portion of the demand for milk,
chicken, and egg in the state are met by the neighboring states. It shows that there is good scope
for poultry farming and dairy farming in the district.
8. Tapioca

Tapioca is being cultivated in the district for long years. Majority of the production is consumed as
food. Value added products from tapioca have very good demand in the market. So there is a very
good potential for Tapioca related industries in Idukki.

9. Sugar cane

There is a good number of sugar cane industries in Marayur of Idukki district. ‘Marayursarkara’ is
one of the famous products from this area. Most of them using the outdated technologies and
hence the production is very low. By helping them to modernizing their existing technology,
production and market can be increased.

10. Other food products (Thrust area)

Predominantly agricultural country like ours, food processing assumes special importance as
agricultural sector alone cannot absorb the growing demand for employment. There is vast
potential for manufacture of products like Bread, Biscuits etc. for local market. Also there is vast
potential for export of food products, although attention should be paid to food safety, Micro
Biological safety and sensory qualities like taste, flavor, texture, mouth feel etc. during
manufacture.
11. General Engineering Products.
The demand for mechanical Engineering products and equipments are directly related to the
growth of industrialization. This product group is the core of any industry. Demand is expected to
be very good in this product group. Fabrication, manufacture of consumer items, spare parts for
automobiles etc. have good potential. Agricultural tools and accessories, computerized
automobile workshop, Mono Block pump sets, Mild steel barrels, Engg.workshop, tea leaf cutter,
umbrella assembly, barbed wires etc. are a few projects which has scope in the district.
12. Tourism
The beautiful valleys and hills mountains, game sanctuaries , wild flora and fauna along with the
congenial climate make Idukki the tourist capital of Kerala. Idukki has the distinction of being an
unhampered tourist location, unlike many other tourist spots in India. The unpolluted air and
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water lures the city dweller away from the humdrum of city life, offering him the wondrous
experience of a few serene days in the lap of Dame Nature.
The tourist season in Idukki starts in December and stretches up to March. Mother Nature is at her
best during these months, with disturbance from neither the drenching rains nor the scorching
sun. Warm days and cool nights welcome tourists, making the visit a treasonable memory.

The development of tourism as an industry in Idukki district, can help alleviate to some extent the
problems of unemployment and poverty in the district. The promotion of tourism as a major
industry would in turn result in the development of allied sectors like Handicrafts, Art and Fine
Arts, Hotel and Restaurant industries etc.

The organization of cultural festivals, distribution of brochures, road maps, trekking maps, etc. are
effective marketing strategies which will boost up the tourism promotion activities. Tourism can
be diverted into a leisure industry with a fringe of adventure, for those who have a liking for the
combination.

Though Idukki boosts of incomparable scenic beauty, the district lacks of infrastructure for tourism
development. Adequate transportation and accommodation facilities are needed to a foreign as
well as Indian tourist. Since rail or airway does not touch the district, road traffic is the only means
of travel to the tourist spots. The pathetic condition of the roads makes travelling an arduous and
painful task. Most of the roads are in a dilapidated state, which must be seen to the development
and proper maintenance of the existing network of roads is a primary step in the promotion of
tourism in the district. Some of the thrust sectors and project costs are given below

9.4 CONCLUSION
Idukki district is rich in plantation crops like cardamom, coffee, pepper etc. The agricultural
products produced here are sold in the raw form. Value addition by converting end products is
very rarely done. So there should be more number of processing units engaged in value addition
of spices. More processing units related to spices and agricultural products should be set up in the
district. Skill training, establishment of R & D centre in spices and agro food sector, introduction of
new technologies to the existing units will change the industrial scenario of the district. Cardamom
powder units, Cardamom oleoresin unit, White pepper manufacturing unit, Pepper oil extraction

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unit, Pepper powder unit, mixed spices powder manufacturing unit have good scope in the
market.
When it comes to coffee related units de pulpured coffe beans manufacturing units, coffee
powder manufacturing etc can be started. In order to get the maximum benefit to the local
economy export of the above products need to be increased .Also value added products from
ginger like ginger garlic paste and oleo resins from turmeric etc can be manufactured
Agro based food processing is an important sector. Tapioca chips manufacturing unit, dried jack
fruit unit, Food powder from jack fruit, Chocolate manufacturing unit, Banana chips manufacturing
units, Pickle manufacturing units, banana fig, jack fruit and mango pulp, banana powder, baby
food manufacturing are most suitable for the district. The new arrivals in the segment are
vegetable curries, canned mushrooms, dried fruits & vegetables & fruit juice concentrates.
Preservation of perishable vegetables by Dehydration method can make them available
throughout the year. The traditional sun drying is time consuming, less hygienic and climate
dependant so latest technologies can be used in vegetables like Bitter gurd to make them in ready
to cook form.
.
Herbal tea manufacturing and flavored jaggery manufacturing units have good potential in the
block. There are around 180 alappuras manufacturing jaggery and around 750 workers are
working in the sector. Presently they are in the unorganized sector. Traders are exploiting the
nano units and farmers. Lack of marketing facilities and infrastructure facilities affecting the nano
units and farmers. Establishment of common facility centre, more credit facility to farmers,
availing geographical indication will change the present quality and price of Marayur jiggery.

Strawberry jam, squash etc having good potential in the market , Semi cooked vegetables with
export quality can be manufactured from Vattavada and Kanthalloor panchayths of the district.

Mineral Based Industry: Granite is the main mineral resources indentified in the district. Since
most of the part of the district is covered by hills and rocks, substantial quantity of granite
deposits for construction purposes are available. There has been a scarcity of river sand from last
few years, So there is a scope for Mineral sand producing industry and crushed stone making.
Bamboo and reed is available in the Adimali panchayath of the district. There are around 100
people working in traditional bamboo and reed products manufacturing. Lack of technology, lack
of infrastructure, lack of marketing facilities is the major problem in the sector. Establishment of

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common facility centre with marketing facility, Skill training and certification to artisans,
permission for cutting bamboo from the forest, formation of an organization to support and
develop the bamboo artisans, Branding of the product will improve the industrial culture of the
sector.
Tourisam Realated Service Industries: As a tourist destination, Idukki offers diverse attractions
like hill stations, spice plantation tours, mountain treks etc. and spectacular landscape dotted with
rich flora and fauna make it a dream destination for nature enthusiasts. Munnar, Top station,
Mattuppetty, Kumily, Thekkady, Ayyappancoil, Anchuruly, ,Calvary Mount, Ramakkalmedu, etc.
are the important tourism destinations so there is good scope for starting tourism related service
industries like Home stays, trekking services, Resorts etc. can be started. In order to attract more
tourists basic infrastructure related with the above tourism destinations to be improved. Hydro
electric power stations in the block are a major attraction of tourists. Eco friendly parks and
boating facilities along with the dams associated with this power station will attract more tourists.
Other industries like wooden furniture manufacturing, steel furniture general engineering
industries Agro machineries and agri implements manufacturing etc, have good scope in the
district, also service industries like automobile workshops, Tourism related service industries etc
have good scope. Idukki is one of the districts with excess of milk on daily basis Value added
products from milks like Curd, Ice creams, Chocolates, and other edible items can be started in the
district.

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Chapter 10

Some project profiles are given below

PROJECT PROFILE: 1 – TOURISAM RELATED
Introduction Tourism related industries have good scope in Idukki
district. Services like trecking,Tent camps etc can be
provided
Activity Trecking,Tent Camps, spice tourism
Cost of Project
Building Rented
Machine /Equipment Tents,Treckeing aids etc.
details
Machines/equipments 11.50 lakh
Working capital 1.50 Lakh
Total 13 Lakh
Means of finance Term loan
8.625 Lakh
Working capital loan
1.125 Lakh
Promoters contribution
3.25 Lakh
Total
13.00 Lakh
Raw materials Spices,
Products Trecking,Tent Camps, Trade of spices,
Employment 5
Sales 28.88 Lakh
Cost of operation 24.40 Lakh
Profit 4.48 Lakh

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 Profile no2: LIVE CHOCOLATE FACTORY

Name of activity Live chocolate manufacturing

Chocolates are the sugary food which is consumed for the pleasure and
indulgence. Chocolates are high in fat and energy, especially shared at
the celebrations and occasions. The flavor of chocolate comes from
cocoa. Chocolate is made from cocoa beans which are derived from the
cacao tree, a tropical rainforest plant. The 30-50 seeds (sometimes
called beans) contained within each pod are the key ingredients from
which chocolate is made. The seeds are harvested, fermented and dried
or roasted to enhance their aroma, before being heated and mixed with
other ingredients (e.g. sugar, milk, cocoa butter) to make chocolate.
These typically include cocoa or cocoa liquor (non-alcoholic), milk
Introduction and/or milk solids, sugar and cocoa butter (or vegetable fats).
Cost of project
land owned
Building owned

List of Machineries and Roasting machine, Grinding machine, Mixing machine, Dies , Freezer,
equipments Weighing machine, packing machine and furniture
Machinery 7
equipments 1
Working Capital 2
Total 10
Source of fund
own fund 2.5
Term Loan 6
Working Capital 1.5
raw materials cocoa , milk or milk solids, sugar and cocoa butter (or vegetable fats).
Products chocolate
Employment 2
Sale 18.7
cost of production 14.4
Profit 4.3

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PROFILE: 3
DE HYDRATED PEPPER
Introduction De hydrated pepper is made by processing the green pepper
harvested in the early stages of maturity and this product have
good demand in national and international market
Activity Dehydrated Pepper
Cost of Project
Land Lease
Building Lease
Machines and equipments Washing machine
required Drying machine
Machines/equipments 5.00 Lakh
Working capital 3.00 Lakh
Total 8.00 Lakh
Means of finance Term loan
3.60 Lakh
Working capital loan
2.25 Lakh
Promoters contribution
2.15 Lakh
Total
8.00 Lakh
Raw materials Green pepper
Products De hydrated pepper
Employment 4
Sales 45.00 Lakh
Cost of operation 38.25 Lakh
Profit 6.75 Lakh

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 Profile 4: WHITE PEPPER MANUFACTURING

Name of activity Whtie pepper manufacturing

White pepper is prepared from ripe berries or by decorticating black pepper.
Bright red berries, after harvest are detached from the stalk and packed in
gunny bags. The bags are allowed to soak in slow running water for about one
week during which bacterial rotting occurs and pericarp gets loosened. Then
the berries are trampled under feet to remove any adhering pericarp, washed
in water and then sun dried to reduce the moisture content to 10-12 per cent
and to achieve a cream or white colour. White pepper is garbled, sorted and
packed in gunny bags. Approximately 50 kg white pepper is obtained from 100
Introduction kg Black pepper.
Cost of project
land owned
Building owned
Details of plant and
Machineries Leaching tank, UASB reactor, Pulper cum cleaner, dryer
Machinery 120
equipments 10
Working Capital 20
Total 150
Source of fund
own fund 30
Term Loan 104
Working Capital 16
raw materials black pepper/green pepper
Products white pepper
Employment 8
Sale 200
cost of production 120
Profit 80

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PROFILE: 5 –JACK FRUIT PROCESSING

Introduction Idukki is rich in jack fruit production but major

portion of it is wasted, but jack is having good scope
for value addition. Products like tender jack, dryed
jack, jack honey, chips, jack powder etc can be
produced
Activity Jack fruit Processing
Cost of Project
Land Lease
Building 4.00 Lakh
Machines required Dryers,slicers,Pulvarising machine etc.
Machines/equipments 12.00 Lakh
Working capital 5.00 Lakh
Total 21.00 Lakh
Means of finance Term loan
7.00 Lakh
Working capital loan
2.00 Lakh
Promoters contribution
4.00 Lakh
Total
13
Raw materials Jack,sugar,cooking oil,citric acid etc
Products Tender jack,dryed jack,chips,halva,jack honey
Employment 10
Sales 26.66 Lakh
Cost of operation 20.66 Lakh
Profit 6.00 Lakh

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Profile 6: FLAVORED JAGGERY MANUFACTURING AND FACTORY VISIT

Name of activity Flavored jaggery making and factory visist

Jaggery making is an important activity of
marayur and kanthalloor panchayaths."Marayur
jaggery" is famous with its taste and quality.
Flavoed jaggery prouce by adding flavoures of
spices. factory visiting facility can be set up with
manufacturing units as many tourists coming to
Introduction this area.
Cost of project
land owned
Building 6
List of Machineries and equipments Crusher machine, Drum , mixing Vassals
Machinery 4
equipments 1
Working Capital 4
Total 15
Source of fund
own fund 3.75
Term Loan 8.25
Working Capital 3
raw materials sugar cane, spices
Products Flavored jaggery
Employment 6
Sale 50
cost of production 36.8
Profit 13.2

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PROFILE: 7 – INSTATNT IDLI DOSA MIX
Introduction Idli Mix, Dosa ready mixes provide hygienic products
of standard and uniform quality with good shelf life.
Ready mixes such as Idli and Dosa were earlier used
in southern region but now they find applicability in
the day to-day menu all over India
Activity Instant Dosa MIx
Cost of Project
Land Rent
Building Rent
Machinery details Blender/Mixer,. Disintegrator with 5 HP Motor.
Destoner,Sifter with 3 HP motor ,Cabinet Drier Trays
fitted with heating elements Fumigation
Chamber,sealing machine
Machines/equipments 3.5 Lakh
Working capital 1.00 Lakh
Total 4.5 Lakh
Means of finance Term loan
2.45 Lakh
Working capital loan
0.75 Lakh
Promoters contribution
3.2 Lakh
Total
4.50 Lakh
Raw materials Rice Flour,Black gram flour,citric acid etc.
Products Instant dosa and idly mix
Employment 4
Sales 20.00 Lakh
Cost of production 15.75 Lakh
Profit 4.25 Lakh

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PROFILE: 8 – BANANA FIG MANUFACTURING
Introduction Both ripe and unripe Bananas and plantains are normally
peeled and sliced before drying, although Banana figs
are sometimes prepared from whole ripe fruit.Sun
drying is the most widespread technique where the
climate is suitable but drying in ovens is used when
produced commercially.
Activity Banan Fig
Cost of Project
Land Rent
Building Rent
Macine Details Bananana slicer,pealer, Dryers and Band sealer
Machines/equipments 3.50 Lakh
Working capital 2.00 Lakh
Total 5.50 Lakh
Means of finance Term loan
2.625 Lakh
Working capital loan
1.50 Lakh
Promoters contribution
1.375 Lakh
Total
5.50 Lakh
Raw materials Banana
Products Banana Fig
Employment 4
Sales 22.40 Lakh
Cost of production 16.75 Lakh
Profit 5.65 Lakh

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Profile 9: HERBAL TEA MANUFACTURING

Name of activity Herbal tea manufacturing

Tea is available in the market. Natural flavors f herbals can
be added to this aw tea. The product has good export
Introduction potential and it is used instead of black tea.
Cost of project
land owned
Building 6
List of Machineries and Blending machine, Roasting machine, Pulverizer, Mixing,
equipments packing machine, Vassals
Machinery 15
equipments 2
Working Capital 5
Total 28
Source of fund
own fund 7
Term Loan 16.75
Working Capital 1.25
raw materials tea, herbals
Products herbal tea
Employment 4
Sale 100
cost of production 64
Profit 36

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PROFILE:10 – BIO FERTILISER MANUFACTURING

Introduction A Bio fertilizer is a substance which contains living

microorganisms which, when applied to seeds, plant
surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere of the plant
and promotes growth by increasing the supply or
availability of primary nutrients to the host plant,being
an agri culture area this product have good scope here
Activity Bio Fertilise Manufacturing
Cost of Project
Land 5.00 Lakh
Building 4.00 Lakh
Machines and equipments Fermentors,weighing and packing machines,other lab
equipments
Machines/equipments 4.50 Lakh
Working capital 3.50 Lakh
Total 17 Lakh
Means of finance Term loan
5.375 Lakh
Working capital loan
2.625 Lakh
Promoters contribution
9.00 Lakh
Total
17.00 Lakh
Raw materials Banana
Products Banana Fig
Employment 10
Sales 40.32 Lakh
Cost of production 36.06 Lakh
Profit 4.26 Lakh

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PROFILE: 11 – COFFE DE PULPURING UNIT

Introduction This process involves removing the skin of the

fruit before letting the coffee dry with almost all
of the pulp still on the beans.
Activity Coffe beans de pulparing
Cost of Project
Land Owned
Building 1.50 Lakh
Machines details Coffe Depulping machines
Machines/equipments 3.00 Lakh
Working capital 1.00 Lakh
Total 5.50 Lakh
Means of finance Term loan
3.00 Lakh
Working capital loan
0.75 Lakh
Promoters contribution
1.75 Lakh
Total
5.50 Lakh
Raw materials Coffe beans
Products De pulpured coffe beans
Employment 3
Sales 32.40 Lakh
Cost of production 28.16 Lakh
Profit 4.24 Lakh

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