27-th All-Russian Mathematical Olympiad 2001

Final Round – Tver, April 21–22

Grade 9

First Day

1. The integers from 1 to 999999 are partioned into two groups: the first group
consists of those integers for which the closest perfect square is odd, whereas the
second group consists of those for which the closest perfect square is even. In
which group is the sum of the elements greater?
(N. Agakhanov)

2. The two polynomials P(x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d and Q(x) = x2 + px + q take

negative values on an interval I of length greater than 2, and nonnegative values
outside I. Prove that there exists x0 ∈ R such that P(x0 ) < Q(x0 ).(N. Agakhanov)

3. A point K is taken inside a parallelogram ABCD so that the midpoint of AD is

equidistant from K and C, and the midpoint of CD is equidistant from K and A.
Let N be the midpoint of BK. Prove that the angles NAK and NCK are (S.equal.
Berlov)

4. Let be given a convex 2000-gon, no three of whose diagonals have a common

point. Each of its diagonals is colored in one of 999 colors. Prove that there
exists a triangle whose all sides lie on diagonals of the same color. (Vertices of
the triangle need not be vertices of the initial polygon.) (Y. Lifshits)

Second Day

5. Yura put 2001 coins of 1, 2 or 3 kopeykas in a row. It turned out that between
any two 1-kopeyka coins there is at least one coin; between any two 2-kopeykas
coins there are at least two coins; and between any two 3-kopeykas coins there
are at least 3 coins. How many 3-kopeykas coins could Yura put? (Y. Lifshits)

6. In a set of 2n + 1 persons, for any n persons there exists a person different from
them who knows each of them. Prove that there is a person in this set who knows
all the others. (S. Berlov)

7. Let N be a point on the longest side AC of a triangle ABC. The perpendicular

bisectors of AN and NC intersect AB and BC respectively in K and M. Prove that
(S. Berlov)
the circumcenter O of △ABC lies on the circumcircle of triangle KBM.

8. Find all odd integers n > 1 such that, whenever a and b are coprime divisors of
n, the number a + b − 1 is also a divisor of n. (D. Djukić)

The IMO Compendium Group,

D. Djukić, V. Janković, I. Matić, N. Petrović
www.imomath.com
 Grade 10

First Day

1. Problem 1 for Grade 9.

2. Let 100 sets A1 , A2 , . . . , A100 be given on a line. Each of the sets is a union of 100
pairwise disjoint closed segments. Prove that the intersection of A1 , A2 , . . . , A100
is a union of at most 9901 pairwise disjoint segments. (A point is also considered
a segment.) (R. Karasev)

3. Two circles are internally tangent to each other at N. The tangent to the internal
circle at point K cuts the external circle in A and B. Let M be the midpoint of the
arc AB not containing N. Prove that the circumradius of △BMK does not depend
on the choice of K on the internal circle.
(T. Emelyanova)

4. Some towns in a country are connected by two-way roads, so that for any two
towns there is a unique path along the roads connecting them. It is known that
there are exactly 100 towns which are directly connected to only one town. Prove
that we can construct 50 new roads in order to obtain a net in which every two
towns will be connected even if one road gets closed. (D. Karpov)

Second Day

5. A polynomial P(x) = x3 + ax2 + bx + c has three distinct real roots, while the
polynomial P(Q(x)) has no real roots, where Q(x) = x2 + x + 2001. Show that
P(2001) > 1/64. (D. Tereshin)

6. In a magic square n × n composed from the numbers 1, 2, . . . , n2 , the centers of

any two squares are joined by a vector going from the smaller number to the
bigger one. Prove that the sum of all these vectors is zero. (A magic square is a
square matrix such that the sums of entries in all its rows and columns (S.
areBerlov)
equal.)

7. Points A1 , B1 ,C1 inside an acute-angled triangle ABC are selected on the altitudes
from A, B,C respectively so that the sum of the areas of triangles ABC1 , BCA1 ,
and CAB1 is equal to the area of triangle ABC. Prove that the circumcircle of
triangle A1 B1C1 passes through the orthocenter H of △ABC. (S. Berlov)

8. Find all natural numbers n such that, whenever a and b are coprime divisors of
n, the number a + b − 1 is also a divisor of n. (D. Djukić)

Grade 11

First Day

The IMO Compendium Group,

D. Djukić, V. Janković, I. Matić, N. Petrović
www.imomath.com
1. The total mass of 100 given weights with positive masses equals 2S. A natural
number k is called middle if some k of the given weights have the total mass S.
Find the maximum possible number of middle numbers.
(D. Kuznetsov)

2. Problem 3 for Grade 10.

3. Two families P1 and P2 of convex polygons are given on the plane. Any two
polygons from different families have a nonempty intersection. Moreover, in
each of the two families there exist two disjoint polygons. Prove that there exists
a line which cuts all the polygons in both families.
(V. Dolnikov)

4. Participants of an olympiad worked on n problems. Each problem was worth an

integer number of points determined by the jury. A contestant gets 0 points for
a wrong answer and all points for a correct answer to a problem. It turned out
after the olympiad that the jury could impose the worths of the problems so as
to obtain any (strict) final ranking of the contestants. Find the greatest possible
number of the contestants.
(S. Tokarev)

Second Day

5. Two monic quadric trinomials f (x) and g(x) take negative values on disjoint
intervals. Prove that there exist positive numbers α and β such that α f (x) +
β g(x) > 0 for all real x. (S. Berlov, O.Podlipskiy)

6. Let a and b be two distinct natural√numbers such that ab(a + b) is divisible by

a2 + ab + b2. Prove that |a − b| > 3 ab. (S. Berlov)

7. The 2001 towns in a country are connected by some roads, at least one road from
each town, so that no town is connected by a road to every other city. We call a
set D of towns dominant if every town not in D is connected by a road to a town
in D. Suppose that each dominant set consists of at least k towns. Prove that
the country can be partitioned into 2001 − k republics in such a way that no two
towns in the same republic are connected by a road. (V. Dolnikov)

8. A sphere with center on the plane of the face ABC of a tetrahedron SABC passes
through A, B and C, and meets the edges SA, SB, SC again at A1 , B1 ,C1 , respec-
tively. The planes through A1 , B1 ,C1 tangent to the sphere meet at a point O.
Prove that O is the circumcenter of the tetrahedron SA1B1C1 . (L. Emelyanov)

The IMO Compendium Group,

D. Djukić, V. Janković, I. Matić, N. Petrović
www.imomath.com