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Chemistry Lab 1

1. The experiment aimed to observe the diffusion of ammonia and hydrogen chloride gases through a glass tube. Strips of litmus paper and cotton wool soaked in the concentrated acids were placed at either end of the tube and the time taken for the gases to diffuse was recorded. 2. A white ring formed closer to the hydrogen chloride end, indicating that ammonia diffused faster due to being less dense. Diffusion occurs as particles move from high to low concentration until evenly distributed. 3. The results support the particulate theory of matter as the formation of the white ring shows matter is made of particles in random motion. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of ammonia and hydrogen chloride forming ammonium chloride is presented.

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258 views2 pages

Chemistry Lab 1

1. The experiment aimed to observe the diffusion of ammonia and hydrogen chloride gases through a glass tube. Strips of litmus paper and cotton wool soaked in the concentrated acids were placed at either end of the tube and the time taken for the gases to diffuse was recorded. 2. A white ring formed closer to the hydrogen chloride end, indicating that ammonia diffused faster due to being less dense. Diffusion occurs as particles move from high to low concentration until evenly distributed. 3. The results support the particulate theory of matter as the formation of the white ring shows matter is made of particles in random motion. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of ammonia and hydrogen chloride forming ammonium chloride is presented.

Uploaded by

Priscilla Stewart ??‍?
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab #1

Date: October 28, 2020


Title: Diffusion in gases
Aim: To observe diffusion of ammonia and hydrogen chloride
Apparatus/Materials: Rubber bung, glass tube, universal indicator, retort stand, cotton wool,
clamp, ammonia (concentrated), hydrogen chloride (concentrated)
Diagram:

Experimental Procedure:
1. Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram above.
2. Place strips of litmus paper in the glass tube.
3. Soak pieces of cotton wool in concentrated ammonia and hydrogen chloride separately.
4. Place the soaked cotton wool simultaneously at each end of the glass tube.
5. Seal of the glass tube ends with rubber bung.
6. Record the time taken for the ammonia and hydrogen chloride vapours to diffuse.
7. Observe changes.
8. Use your observations to explain what happened during the experiment.
Observation:
1. The initial colour of the universal indicator is yellow.
2. The universal indicator changed its colour from yellow to pink when concentrated
hydrogen chloride was added.
3. The universal indicator changed its colour from yellow to blue when concentrated
ammonia was added.
4. A white ring was formed closer to the end of the tube with the concentrated hydrogen
chloride.
Results:

Length of glass tube (cm) Distance of white ring from Distance of white ring from
ammonia (cm) hydrogen chloride (cm)
28cm 19cm3 9cm3

Title: Distance of the White Ring from the Concentrated Acids


Discussion: Diffusion is the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to
a region of lower concentration until the particles are evenly distributed. In this experiment we
see where the four main ides of the particulate theory of matter come into play as two of them
relate to this experiment. These are:
1. All matter is made up of particles.-This is proven by the white ring formed in the glass
tube when the particles in the concentrated acids mixed.
2. The particles are in constant random motion.-This is proven by the fact that the particles
travelled along the glass tube to form the white ring.
The reason why the white ring was formed closer to the concentrated hydrogen chloride end of
the glass tube is because ammonia is less dense than hydrogen chloride so it travels faster than
it. The balanced equation recorded from this experiment is as follows:
NH3 (g) + HCl (g) = NH4Cl (s)
Precautions/Source of errors/Limitations: Wear a mask gloves and goggles to protect the skin
from the concentrated acids.
Conclusion: Diffusion in concentrated ammonia and concentrated hydrogen chloride create
ammonium chloride.

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