GE

Measurement & Control Flow

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

(For Ultrasonic Flowmeters)

Reference Guide

916-119 Rev. A
December 2014
GE
Measurement & Control

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

(For Ultrasonic Flowmeters)

Reference Guide
916-119 Rev. A
December 2014

www.ge-mcs.com

©2014 General Electric Company. All rights reserved.

Technical content subject to change without notice.
 [no content intended for this page]

ii
 Contents

Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

1.1 Sound Speeds in Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
1.2 Sound Speeds in Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
1.3 Sound Speeds in Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.4 Sound Speeds in Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.5 Sound Speeds in Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Chapter 2. Pipe Size Tables

2.1 Steel Pipe Data - ANSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.2 Steel Pipe Data - DIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.3 Cast Iron Pipe Data - Inches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.4 Cast Iron Pipe Data - Millimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.5 Ductile Iron Pipe Data - Inches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.6 Ductile Iron Pipe Data - Millimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data iii

Contents

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iv Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

 Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

1.1 Sound Speeds in Solids
The values in Table 1 below are reproduced with permission: shear wave values
from the American Institute of Physics Handbook, Smithsonian Tables; longitudinal
values from the Nondestructive Testing Handbook, 2nd edition, Volume 7,
Ultrasonic Testing. ©1991, The American Society of Nondestructive Testing.

Note: The values in Table 1 below are nominal values, as the solids may not be
homogenous and isotropic. Also, the actual values depend on the exact
composition, temperature, pressure and stress.

Table 1: Sound Speeds in Solids @25°C (77°F)

Shear Wave Longitudinal Wave
Material
m/s ft/s mm/µs in./µs
Steel, 1% Carbon (hardened) 3,150 10,335 5.88 0.2315
Carbon Steel 3,230 10,598 5.89 0.2319
Mild Steel 3,235 10,614 5.89 0.2319
Steel, 1% Carbon 3,220 10,565
302 Stainless Steel 3,120 10,236 5.690 0.224
303 Stainless Steel 3,120 10,236 5.640 0.222
304 Stainless Steel 3,141 10,306 5.920 0.233
304L Stainless Steel 3,070 10,073 5.790 0.228
316 Stainless Steel 3,272 10,735 5.720 0.225
347 Stainless Steel 3,095 10,512 5.720 0.225
Aluminum 3,100 10,171 6.32 0.2488
Aluminum (rolled) 3,040 9,974
Copper 2,260 7,415 4.66 0.1835
Copper (annealed) 2,325 7,628
Copper (rolled) 2,270 7,448
CuNi (70%Cu, 30%Ni) 2,540 8,334 5.03 0.1980
CuNi (90%Cu, 10%Ni) 2,060 6,759 4.01 0.1579
Brass (Naval) 2,120 6,923 4.43 0.1744
Gold (hard-drawn) 1,200 3,937 3.24 0.1276
Inconel 3,020 9,909 5.82 0.2291

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data 1

Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

Table 1: Sound Speeds in Solids @25°C (77°F) (cont.)

Shear Wave Longitudinal Wave
Material
m/s ft/s mm/µs in./µs
Iron (electrolytic) 3,240 10,630 5.90 0.2323
Iron (Armco) 3,240 10,630 5.90 0.2323
Ductile Iron 3,000 9,843
Cast Iron 2,500 8,203 4.55 0.1791
Monel 2,720 8,924 5.35 0.2106
Nickel 2,960 9,712 5.63 0.2217
Tin, rolled 1,670 5,479 3.32 0.1307
Titanium 3,125 10,253 6.10 0.2402
Tungsten, annealed 2,890 9,482 5.18 0.2039
Tungsten, drawn 2,640 8,661
Tungsten, carbide 3,980 13,058
Zinc, rolled 2,440 8,005 4.17 0.1642
Glass, Pyrex 3,280 10,761 5.61 0.2209
Glass, heavy silicate flint 2,380 7,808
Glass, light borate crown 2,840 9,318 5.26 0.2071
Nylon 1,150 3,772 2.40 0.0945
Nylon, 6-6 1,070 3,510
Polyethylene (HD) 2.31 0.0909
Polyethylene (LD) 540 1,772 1.94 0.0764
PVC, CPVC 1,060 3,477 2.40 0.0945
Acrylic 1,430 4,690 2.73 0.1075
Asbestos Cement 2.20 0.0866
Tar Epoxy 2.00 0.0787
Mortar 2.50 0.0984
Rubber 1.90 0.0748

2 Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

 Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

1.2 Sound Speeds in Fluids

Note: For critical applications, the sources of sound speed data for pure liquids
can be obtained from GE. Such requests must specify the temperature and
pressure range, and the details of the liquid composition.

Table 2: Sound Speeds in Fluids @25°C (77°F)

Kinematic
Chemical Specific Sound Speed Δv/°C
Substance Viscosity x10-6
Formula Gravity
m/s ft/s m/s/°C m2/s ft2/s
Acetic (CH3CO)2O 1.082 1,180 3,871.4 2.5 0.769 8.274
anhydride (22) (20°C)
Acetic acid, (CH3CO)2O 1.082 1,180 3,871.4 2.5 0.769 8.274
anhydride (22) (20°C)
Acetic acid, C2H3N 0.783 1,290 4,232.3 4.1 0.441 4.745
nitrile
Acetic acid, C4H8O2 0.901 1,085 3,559.7 4.4 0.467 5.025
ethyl ester (33)
Acetic acid, C3H6O2 0.934 1,211 3,973.1 0.407 4.379
methyl ester
Acetone C3H6O 0.791 1,174 3,851.7 4.5 0.399 4.293
Acetonitrile C2H3N 0.783 1,290 4,232.3 4.1 0.441 4.745
Acetonylacetone C6H10O2 0.729 1,399 4,589.9 3.6
Acetylen C2H2Cl2 1.26 1,015 3,330.1 3.8 0.400 4.304
dichloride
Acetylene C2H2Br4 2.966 1,027 3,369.4
tetrabromide
(47)
Acetylene C2H2Cl4 1.595 1,147 3,763.1 1.156 12.438
tetrachloride (15°C) (59°F)
(47)
Alcohol C2H6O 0.789 1,207 3,960 4.0 1.396 15.02
Alkazene-13 C15H24 0.86 1,317 4,320.9 3.9
Alkazene-25 C10H12Cl2 1.20 1,307 4,288.1 3.4
2-Amino- C2H7NO 1.018 1,724 5,656.2 3.4
ethanol

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data 3

Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

Table 2: Sound Speeds in Fluids @25°C (77°F) (cont.)

Kinematic
Chemical Specific Sound Speed Δv/°C
Substance Viscosity x10-6
Formula Gravity
m/s ft/s m/s/°C m2/s ft2/s
2-Aminotolidine C7H9N 0.999 1,618 5,308.4 4.394 47.279
(46) (20°C) (20°C) (68°F)
4-Aminotolidine C7H9N 0.966 1,480 4,855.6 1.863 20.045
(46) (45°C) (50°C) (122°F)
Ammonia (35) NH3 0.771 1,729 5,672.6 6.68 0.292 3.141
(-33°C) (-27°F) (-33°C) (-27°F)
Amorphous 0.98 962.6 3158.2 26,600 286,000
Polyolefin (190°C) (374°F)
t-Amyl alcohol C5H12O 0.81 1,204 3,950.1 4.374 47.064
Aminobenzene C6H5NO2 1.022 1,639 5,377.3 4.0 3.63 39.058
(41)
Aniline (41) C6H5NO2 1.022 1,639 5,377.3 4.0 3.63 39.058
Argon (45) Ar 1.400 853 2798.6
(-188°C) (-188°C) (-306°F)
Azine C6H5N 0.982 1,415 4,642.4 4.1 0.992 10.673
(20°C) (68°F)
Benzene C6H6 0.879 1,306 4,284.8 4.65 0.711 7.65
(29, 40, 41)
Benzol C6H6 0.879 1,306 4,284.8 4.65 0.711 7.65
(29, 40, 41)
Bromine (21) Br2 2.928 889 2,916.7 3.0 0.323 3.475
Bromo-benzene C6H5Br 1.522 1,170 3,838.6 0.693 7.456
(46) (20°C) (68°F)
1-Bromo-butane C4H9Br 1.276 1,019 3,343.2 0.49 5.272
(46) (20°C) (20°C) (68°F) (15°C) (59°F)
Bromo-ethane C2H5Br 1.460 900 2,952.8 0.275 2.959
(46) (20°C) (20°C) (68°F)
Bromoform CHBr3 2.89 918 3,011.8 3.1 0.654 7.037
(46, 47) (20°C)
n-Butane (2) C4H10 0.601 1,085 3,559.7 5.8
(0°C) (-5°C) (23°F)
2-Butanol C4H10O 0.81 1,240 4,068.2 3.3 3.239 34.851
sec-Butylalcohol C4H10O 0.81 1,240 4,068.2 3.3 3.239 34.851

4 Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

 Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

Table 2: Sound Speeds in Fluids @25°C (77°F) (cont.)

Kinematic
Chemical Specific Sound Speed Δv/°C
Substance Viscosity x10-6
Formula Gravity
m/s ft/s m/s/°C m2/s ft2/s
n-Butyl bromide C4H9Br 1.276 1,019 3,343.2 0.49 5.272
(46) (20°C) (20°C) (68°F) (15°C) (59°F)
n-Butyl chloride C4H9Cl 0.887 1,140 3,740.2 4.57 0.529 5.692
(22, 46) (15°C) (59°F)
tert Butyl C4H9Cl 0.84 984 3,228.3 4.2 0.646 6.95
chloride
Butyl oleate C22H42O2 1,404 4,606.3 3.0
2, 3 Butylene C4H10O2 1.019 1,484 4,868.8 1.51
glycol
Cadmium (7) Cd 2,237.7 7,341.5 1.355cp 14.579
(400°C) (752°F) (440°C) (824°F)
Carbinol CH4O 0.791 1,076 3,530.2 2.92 0.695 7.478
(40, 41) (20°C)
Carbitol C6H14O3 0.988 1,458 4,783.5
Carbon dioxide CO2 1.101 839 2,752.6 7.71 0.137 1.474
(26) (-37°C) (-37°C) (-35°F) (-37°C) (-35°F)
Carbon CS2 1.261 1,149 3,769.7 0.278 2.991
disulphide (22°C)
Carbon CCl4 1.595 926 3038.1 2.48 0.607 6.531
tetrachloride (20°C)
(33, 35, 47)
Carbon CF4 1.75 875.2 2,871.5 6.61
tetrafluoride (-150°C) (-150°C) (-238°F)
(14) (Freon 14)
Cetane (23) C16H34 0.773 1,338 4,389.8 3.71 4.32 46.483
(20°C)
Chloro-benezen C6H5Cl 1.106 1,273 4,176.5 3.6 0.722 7.768
e
1-Chloro-butane C4H9Cl 0.887 1,140 3,740.2 4.57 0.529 5.692
(22, 46) (15°C) (59°F)
Chloro-diFluoro CHClF2 1.491 893.9 2,932.7 4.79
methane (3) (-69°C) (-50°C) (-58°F)
(Freon 22)
Chloroform (47) CHCl3 1.489 979 3,211.9 3.4 0.55 5.918

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data 5

Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

Table 2: Sound Speeds in Fluids @25°C (77°F) (cont.)

Kinematic
Chemical Specific Sound Speed Δv/°C
Substance Viscosity x10-6
Formula Gravity
m/s ft/s m/s/°C m2/s ft2/s
1-Chloro- C3H7Cl 0.892 1,058 3,471.1 0.378 4.067
propane (47)
Chlorotrifluoro CClF3 724 2,375.3 5.26
methane (5) (-82°C) (-116°F)
Cinnamaldehyde C9H8O 1.112 1,554 5,098.4 3.2
Cinnamic C9H8O 1.112 1,554 5,098.4 3.2
aldehyde
Colamine C2H7NO 1.018 1,724 5,656.2 3.4
o-Cresol (46) C7H8O 1.047 1,541 5,055.8 4.29 46.16
(20°C) (20°C) (68°F) (40°C) (104°F)
m-Cresol (46) C7H8O 1.034 1,500 4,921.3 5.979 64.334
(20°C) (20°C) (68°F) (40°C) (104°F)
Cyanomethane C2H3N 0.783 1,290 4,232.3 4.1 0.441 4.745
Cyclohexane C6H12 0.779 1,248 4,094.5 5.41 1.31 14.095
(15) (20°C) (17°C) (63°F)
Cyclohexanol C6H12O 0.962 1,454 4,770.3 3.6 0.071 0.764
(17°C) (63°F)
Cyclohexanone C6H10O 0.948 1,423 4,668.6 4.0
Decane (46) C10H22 0.730 1,252 4,107.6 1.26 13.55
(20°C) (68°F)
1-Decene (27) C10H20 0.746 1,235 4,051.8 4.0
n-Decylene (27) C10H20 0.746 1,235 4,051.8 4.0
Diacetyl C4H6O2 0.99 1,236 4,055.1 4.6
Diamylamine C10H23N 1,256 4,120.7 3.9
1,2 Dibromo- C2H4Br2 2.18 995 3,264.4 0.79 8.5
ethane (47) (20°C) (68°F)
trans-1,2- C2H2Br2 2.231 935 3,067.6
Dibromoethene
(47)
Dibutyl C8H22O4 1,408 4,619.4
phthalate

6 Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

 Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

Table 2: Sound Speeds in Fluids @25°C (77°F) (cont.)

Kinematic
Chemical Specific Sound Speed Δv/°C
Substance Viscosity x10-6
Formula Gravity
m/s ft/s m/s/°C m2/s ft2/s
Dichloro-t-butyl C4H8Cl2O 1,304 4,278.2 3.8
alcohol
2,3 C2H6Cl2O2 1,391 4,563.6 3.7
Dichlorodioxane
Dichlorodifluoro CCl2F2 1.516 774.1 2,539.7 4.24
methane (3) (40°C)
(Freon 12)
1,2 Dichloro C2H4Cl2 1.253 1,193 3,914 0.61 6.563
ethane (47)
cis1,2-Dichloro- C2H2Cl2 1.284 1,061 3,481
ethene (3, 47)
trans1,2- C2H2Cl2 1.257 1,010 3,313.6
Dichloro-ethene
(3, 47)
Dichloro-fluoro CHCl2F 1.426 891 2,923.2 3.97
methane (3) (0°C) (0°C) (32°F)
(Freon 21)
1-2-Dichlorohex C4Cl2F6 1.654 669 2,194.9
afluoro-
cyclobutane (47)
1-3-Dichloro- C4H8Cl2 1.14 1,220 4,002.6 3.4
isobutane
Dichloro CH2Cl2 1.327 1,070 3,510.5 3.94 0.31 3.335
methane (3)
1,1-Dichloro- CClF2-CClF2 1.455 665.3 2,182.7 3.73
1,2,2,2 tetra (-10°C) (14°F)
fluoroethane
Diethyl ether C4H10O 0.713 985 3,231.6 4.87 0.311 3.346
Diethylene C4H10O3 1.116 1,586 5,203.4 2.4
glycol
Diethylene C6H14O3 0.988 1,458 4,783.5
glycol,
monoethyl ether
Diethylenimide C4H9NO 1.00 1,442 4,731 3.8
oxide

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data 7

Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

Table 2: Sound Speeds in Fluids @25°C (77°F) (cont.)

Kinematic
Chemical Specific Sound Speed Δv/°C
Substance Viscosity x10-6
Formula Gravity
m/s ft/s m/s/°C m2/s ft2/s
1,2-bis(DiFluora C4H8(NF2)2 1.216 1,000 3,280.8
mino) butane
(43)
1,2-bis(DiFluor C4H9(NF2)2 1.213 900 2,952.8
amino)-2-methyl
propane (43)
1,2-bis(DiFluor C3H6(NF2)2 1.265 960 3,149.6
amino) propane
(43)
2,2-bis(DiFluor C3H6(NF2)2 1.254 890 2920
amino propane
(43)
2,2-Dihydroxydi C4H10O3 1.116 1,586 5,203.4 2.4
ethyl ether
Dihydroxy C2H6O2 1.113 1,658 5,439.6 2.1
ethane
1,3-Dimethyl- C8H10 0.868 1,343 4,406.2 0.749 8.059
benzene (46) (15°C) (20°C) (68°F) (15°C) (59°F)
1,2-Dimethyl- C8H10 0.897 1,331.5 4,368.4 4.1 0.903 9.716
benzene (29, 46) (20°C) (20°C) (68°F)
1,4-Dimethyl- C8H10 1,334 4,376.6 0.662 7.123
benzene (46) (20°C) (68°F)
2,2-Dimethyl- C6H14 0.649 1,079 3,540
butane (29, 33) (20°C)
Dimethyl ketone C3H6O 0.791 1,174 3,851.7 4.5 0.399 4.293
Dimethyl C7H16 0.674 1,063 3,487.5
pentane (47)
Dimethyl C8H10O4 1.2 1,463 4,799.9
phthalate
Diiodo-methane CH2I2 3.235 980 3,215.2
Dioxane C4H8O2 1.033 1,376 4,514.4
Dodecane (23) C12H26 0.749 1,279 4,196.2 3.85 1.80 19.368
1,2-Ethanediol C2H6O2 1.113 1,658 5,439.6 2.1

8 Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

 Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

Table 2: Sound Speeds in Fluids @25°C (77°F) (cont.)

Kinematic
Chemical Specific Sound Speed Δv/°C
Substance Viscosity x10-6
Formula Gravity
m/s ft/s m/s/°C m2/s ft2/s
Ethanenitrile C2H3N 0.783 1,290 4,232.3 0.441 4.745
Ethanoic (CH3CO)2O 1.082 1,180 3,871.4 0.769 8.274
anhydride (22)
Ethanol C2H6O 0.789 1,207 3,960 4.0 1.39 14.956
Ethanol amide C2H7NO 1.018 1,724 5,656.2 3.4
Ethoxyethane C4H10O 0.713 985 3,231.6 4.87 0.311 3.346
Ethyl acetate C4H8O2 0.901 1,085 3,559.7 4.4 0.489 5.263
(33)
Ethyl alcohol C2H6O 0.789 1,207 3,960 4.0 1.396 15.020
Ethyl benzene C8H10 0.867 1,338 4,389.8 0.797 8.575
(46) (20°C) (20°C) (68°F) (17°C) (63°F)
Ethyl Bromide C2H5Br 1.461 900 2,952.8 0.275 2.959
(46) (20°C) (20°C) (68°F) (20°C) (68°F)
Ethyliodide (46) C2H5I 1.950 876 2874 0.29 3.12
(20°C) (20°C) (68°F)
Ether C4H10O 0.713 985 3231.6 4.87 0.311 3.346
Ethyl ether C4H10O 0.713 985 3231.6 4.87 0.311 3.346
Ethylene C2H4Br2 2.18 995 3264.4 0.79 8.5
bromide (47)
Ethylene C2H4Cl2 1.253 1,193 3914 0.61 6.563
chloride (47)
Ethylene glycol C2H6O2 1.113 1,658 5439.6 2.1 17.208 185.158
(20°C) (68°F)
d-Fenochone C10H16O 0.947 1,320 4330.7 0.22 2.367
d-2- C10H16O 0.947 1,320 4330.7 0.22 2.367
Fenechanone
Fluorine F 0.545 403 1322.2 11.31
(-143°C) (-143°C) (-225°F)
Fluoro-benzene C6H5F 1.024 1,189 3900.9 0.584 6.283
(46) (20°C) (20°C) (68°F)
Formaldehyde, C2H4O2 0.974 1,127 3697.5 4.02
methyl ester

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data 9

Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

Table 2: Sound Speeds in Fluids @25°C (77°F) (cont.)

Kinematic
Chemical Specific Sound Speed Δv/°C
Substance Viscosity x10-6
Formula Gravity
m/s ft/s m/s/°C m2/s ft2/s
Formamide CH3NO 1.134 1,622 5321.5 2.2 2.91 31.311
(20°C)
Formic acid, CH3NO 1.134 1,622 5321.5 2.91 31.311
amide (20°C)
Freon R12 774.2 2540
Furfural C5H4O2 1.157 1,444 4737.5 3.7
Furfuryl alcohol C5H6O2 1.135 1,450 4757.2 3.4
Fural C5H4O2 1.157 1,444 4737.5 3.7
2-Furaldehyde C5H4O2 1.157 1,444 4737.5 3.7
2-Furancarbox C5H4O2 1.157 1,444 4737.5 3.7
aldehyde
2-Furyl- C5H6O2 1.135 1,450 4757.2 3.4
Methanol
Gallium Ga 6.095 2,870 9416
(30°C) (86°F)
Glycerin C3H8O3 1.26 1,904 6246.7 2.2 757.1 8,081.83
6
Glycerol C3H8O3 1.26 1,904 6246.7 2.2 757.1 8,081.83
6
Glycol C2H6O2 1.113 1658 5439.6 2.1
50% Glycol / 1,578 5,177
50% H2O
Helium (45) He4 0.125 183 600.4 0.025 .269
(-269°C) (-269°C) (-452°F)
Heptane (22, 23) C7H16 0.684 1,131 3,710.6 4.25 0.598 6.434
(20°C) (20°C) (68°F)
n-Heptane C7H16 0.684 1,180 3,871.3 4.0
(29, 33) (20°C)
Hexachloro- C5Cl6 1.7180 1,150 3,773
Cyclopentadiene
(47)

10 Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

 Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

Table 2: Sound Speeds in Fluids @25°C (77°F) (cont.)

Kinematic
Chemical Specific Sound Speed Δv/°C
Substance Viscosity x10-6
Formula Gravity
m/s ft/s m/s/°C m2/s ft2/s
Hexadecane (23) C16H34 0.773 1,338 4,389.8 3.71 4.32 46.483
(20°C) (20°C) (68°F)
Hexalin C6H12O 0.962 1,454 4,770.3 3.6 70.69 760.882
(17°C) (63°F)
Hexane C6H14 0.659 1,112 3,648.3 2.71 0.446 4.798
(16, 22, 23)
n-Hexane C6H14 0.649 1,079 3,540 4.53
(29, 33) (20°C)
2,5- C6H10O2 0.729 1,399 4,589.9 3.6
Hexanedione
n-Hexanol C6H14O 0.819 1,300 4,265.1 3.8
Hexahydro C6H12 0.779 1,248 4,094.5 5.41 1.31 14.095
benzene (15) (17°C) (63°F)
Hexahydro C6H12O 0.962 1,454 4,770.3 3.6
phenol
Hexamethylene C6H12 0.779 1,248 4,094.5 5.41 1.31 14.095
(15) (17°C) (63°F)
Hydrogen (45) H2 0.071 1,187 3,894.4 0.003 0.032
(-256°C) (-256°C) (-429°F) (-256°C) (-429°F)
2-Hydroxy- C7H8O 1.047 1,541 5,055.8 4.29 46.16
toluene (46) (20°C) (20°C) (68°F) (40°C) (104°F)
3-Hydroxy- C7H8O 1.034 1,500 4,921.3 5.979 64.334
toluene (46) (20°C) (20°C) (68°F) (40°C) (104°F)
Iodo-benzene C6H5I 1.823 1,114 3,654.9 0.954
(46) (20°C) (68°F)
Iodo-ethane (46) C2H5I 1.950 876 2,874 0.29 3.12
(20°C) (20°C) (68°F)
Iodo-methane CH3I 2.28 978 3,208.7 0.211 2.27
(20°C)
Isobutyl acetate C6H12O 1,180 3,871.4 4.85
(22) (27°C) (81°F)
Isobutanol C4H10O 0.81 1,212 3,976.4
(20°C)
Iso-Butane 1,219.8 4002

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data 11

Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

Table 2: Sound Speeds in Fluids @25°C (77°F) (cont.)

Kinematic
Chemical Specific Sound Speed Δv/°C
Substance Viscosity x10-6
Formula Gravity
m/s ft/s m/s/°C m2/s ft2/s
Isopentane (36) C5H12 0.62 980 3,215.2 4.8 0.34 3.658
(20°C)
Isopropanol (46) C3H8O 0.785 1,170 3,838.6 2.718 29.245
(20°C) (20°C) (68°F)
Isopropyl C3H8O 0.785 1,170 3,838.6 2.718 29.245
alcohol (46) (20°C) (20°C) (68°F)
Kerosene 0.81 1,324 4,343.8 3.6
Ketohexa C6H10O 0.948 1,423 4,668.6 4.0
methylene
Lithium fluoride LiF 2,485 8,152.9 1.29
(42) (900°C) (1652°F)
Mercury (45) Hg 13.594 1,449 4,753.9 0.114 1.226
(24°C) (75°F)
Mesityloxide C6H16O 0.85 1,310 4,297.9
Methane CH4 0.162 405 1,328.7 17.5
(25, 28, 38, 39) (-89°C) (-89°C) (-128°F)
Methanol CH4O 0.791 1,076 3,530.2 2.92 0.695 7.478
(40, 41) (20°C)
Methyl acetate C3H6O2 0.934 1,211 3,973.1 0.407 4.379
o-Methylaniline C7H9N 0.999 1,618 5,308.4 4.394 47.279
(46) (20°C) (20°C) (68°F)
4-Methylaniline C7H9N 0.966 1,480 4,855.6 1.863 20.095
(46) (45°C) (50°C) (122°F)
Methyl alcohol CH4O 0.791 1,076 3,530.2 2.92 0.695 7.478
(40, 44) (20°C)
Methyl benzene C7H8 0.867 1,328 4,357 4.27 0.644 7.144
(16, 52) (20°C) (68°F)
2-Methyl-butane C5H12 0.62 980 3,215.2 0.34 3.658
(36) (20°C)
Methyl carbinol C2H6O 0.789 1,207 3,960 4.0 1.396
Methyl- C2H3Cl3 1.33 985 3,231.6 0.902 9.705
chloroform (47) (20°C) (68°F)
Methyl-cyanide C2H3N 0.783 1,290 4,232.3 0.441 4.745

12 Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

 Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

Table 2: Sound Speeds in Fluids @25°C (77°F) (cont.)

Kinematic
Chemical Specific Sound Speed Δv/°C
Substance Viscosity x10-6
Formula Gravity
m/s ft/s m/s/°C m2/s ft2/s
3-Methyl C7H14O 0.92 1,400 4,593.2
cyclohexanol
Methylene CH2Cl2 1.327 1,070 3,510.5 3.94 0.31 3.335
chloride (3)
Methylene CH2I2 3.235 980 3,215.2
iodide
Methyl formate C2H4O2 0.974 1,127 3,697.5 4.02
(22) (20°C)
Methyl iodide CH3I 2.28 978 3,208.7 0.211 2.27
(20°C)
a-Methyl C11H10 1.090 1,510 4,954.1 3.7
naphthalene
2-Methylphenol C7H8O 1.047 1,541 5,055.8 4.29 46.16
(46) (20°C) (20°C) (68°F) (40°C) (104°F)
3-Methylphenol C7H8O 1.034 1,500 4,921.3 5.979 64.334
(46) (20°C) (20°C) (68°F) (40°C) (104°F)
Milk, 1,548 5,080
homogenized
Morpholine C4H9NO 1.00 1,442 4,731 3.8
Naphtha 0.76 1,225 4,019
Natural Gas (37) 0.316 753 2,470.5
(-103°C) (-103°C) (-153°F)
Neon (45) Ne 1.207 595 1,952.1
(-246°C) (-246°C) (-411°F)
Nitrobenzene C6H5NO2 1.204 1,415 4,642.4 1.514 16.29
(46) (20°C) (20°C) (68°F)
Nitrogen (45) N2 0.808 962 3,156.2 0.217 2.334
(-199°C) (-199°C) (-326°F) (-199°C) (-326°F)
Nitromethane CH3NO2 1.135 1,300 4,265.1 4.0 0.549 5.907
(43)
Nonane (23) C9H2O 0.718 1,207 3,960 4.04 0.99 10.652
(20°C) (20°C) (68°F)
1-Nonene (27) C9H18 0.736 1,207 3,960 4.0
(20°C)

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data 13

Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

Table 2: Sound Speeds in Fluids @25°C (77°F) (cont.)

Kinematic
Chemical Specific Sound Speed Δv/°C
Substance Viscosity x10-6
Formula Gravity
m/s ft/s m/s/°C m2/s ft2/s
Octane (23) C8H18 0.703 1,172 3,845.1 4.14 0.73 7.857
n-Octane (29) C8H18 0.704 1,212.5 3,978 3.50 0.737 .930)
(20°C)
1-Octene (27) C8H16 0.723 1,175.5 3,856.6 4.10
(20°C)
Oil of Camphor 1,390 4,560.4 3.8
Sassafrassy
Oil, Car 1.74 870 2,854.3 190 2,045.09
(SAE 20a.30) 3
Oil, Castor C11H10O10 0.969 1,477 4,845.8 3.6 0.670 7.209
Oil, Diesel 0.80 1,250 4,101
Oil, Fuel 0.99 1,485 4,872 3.7
AA gravity
Oil (Lubricating 1,530 5,019.9
X200)
Oil (Olive) 0.912 1,431 4,694.9 2.75 100 1,076.36
5
Oil (Peanut) 0.936 1,458 4,783.5
Oil (Sperm) 0.88 1,440 4,724.4
Oil, 6 1,509 4,951
(22°C) (72°F)
2,2-Oxydi C4H10O3 1.116 1,586 5,203.4 2.4
ethanol
Oxygen (45) O2 1.155 952 3,123.4 0.173 1.861
(-186°C) (-186°C) (-303°F)
Pentachloro- C2HCl5 1.687 1,082 3,549.9
ethane (47)
Pentalin (47) C2HCl5 1.687 1,082 3,549.9
Pentane (36) C5H12 0.626 1,020 3,346.5 0.363 3.905
(20°C)
n-Pentane (47) C5H12 0.557 1,006 3,300.5 0.41 4.413

14 Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

 Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

Table 2: Sound Speeds in Fluids @25°C (77°F) (cont.)

Kinematic
Chemical Specific Sound Speed Δv/°C
Substance Viscosity x10-6
Formula Gravity
m/s ft/s m/s/°C m2/s ft2/s
Perchlorocyclop C5Cl6 1.718 1,150 3,773
entadiene (47)
Perchloro- C2Cl4 1.632 1,036 3,399
ethylene (47)
Perfluoro-1- C7F14 1.67 583 1,912.7
Hepten (47)
Perfluoro- C6F14 1.672 508 1,666.7
n-Hexane (47)
Phene C6H6 0.879 1,306 4,284.8 4.65 0.711 7.65
L(29, 40, 41)
b-Phenyl C9H8O 1.112 1,554 5,098.4 3.2
acrolein
Phenylamine C6H5NO2 1.022 1,639 5,377.3 4.0 3.63 39.058
(41)
Phenyl bromide C6H5Br 1.522 1,170 3,838.6 0.693 7.456
(46) (20°C)
(68°F)
Phenyl chloride C6H5Cl 1.106 1,273 4,176.5 3.6 0.722 7.768
Phenyl iodide C6H5I 1.823 1,114 3,654.9 0.954 10.265
(46) (20°C) (15°C) (59°F)
(68°F)
Phenyl methane C7H8 0.867 1,328 4,357 4.27 0.644 6.929
(16, 52) (20°C) (20°C) (68°F)
3-Phenyl C9H8O 1.112 1,554 5,098.4 3.2
propenal
Phthalardione C8H4O3L 1,125 3,691
(152°C) (306°F)
Phthalic acid, C8H4O3 1,125 3,691
anhydride (152°C) (306°F)
Pthalic C8H4O3 1,125 3,691
anhydride (152°C) (306°F)
Pimelic ketone C6H10O 0.948 1,423 4,668.6 4.0
Plexiglas, 2,651 8,698
Lucite, Acrylic

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data 15

Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

Table 2: Sound Speeds in Fluids @25°C (77°F) (cont.)

Kinematic
Chemical Specific Sound Speed Δv/°C
Substance Viscosity x10-6
Formula Gravity
m/s ft/s m/s/°C m2/s ft2/s
Polyterpene 0.77 1,099.8 3,608.4 39,000 419,500
Resin (190°C) (374°F)
Potassium KBr 1,169 3,835.3 0.71 .715cp 7.693
bromide (42) (900°C) (1652°F) (900°C) (1652°F)
Potassium KF 1,792 5,879.3 1.03
fluoride (42) (900°C) (1652°F)
Potassium KI 985 3,231.6 0.64
iodide (42) (900°C) (1652°F)
Potassium KNO3 1.859 1,740.1 5,709 1.1 1.19 12.804
nitrate (48) (352°C) (352°C) (666°F) (327°C) (621°F)
Propane (2, 13) C3H8 0.585 1,003 3,290.6 5.7
(-45° to -130°C) (-45°C) (-45°C) (-49°F)
1,2,3- C3H8O3 1.26 1,904 6,246.7 2.2 .000757
Propanetriol
1-Propanol (46) C3H8O 0.78 1,222 4,009.2
(20°C) (20°C) (68°F)
2-Propanol (46) C3H8O 0.785 1,170 3,838.6 2.718 29.245
(20°C) (20°C) (68°F)
2-Propanone C3H6O 0.791 1,174 3,851.7 4.5 0.399 4.293
Propene C3H6 0.563 963 3,159.4 6.32
(17, 18, 35) (-13°C) (-13°C) (9°F)
n-Propyl acetate C5H10O2 1,280 4,199 4.63
(22) (2°C) (36°F)
n-Propyl-alcohol C3H8O 0.78 1,222 4,009.2 2.549 27.427
(20°C) (20°C) (68°F)
Propylchloride C3H7Cl 0.892 1,058 3,471.1 0.378 4.067
(47)
Propylene C3H6 0.563 963 (3159.4) 6.32
(17, 18, 35) (-13°C) (-13°C) (9°F)
Pyridine C6H5N 0.982 1,415 4,642.4 4.1 0.992 10.673
(20°C) (68°F)
Refrigerant 11 CCl3F 1.49 828.3 2,717.5 3.56
(3, 4) (0°C) (32°F)

16 Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

 Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

Table 2: Sound Speeds in Fluids @25°C (77°F) (cont.)

Kinematic
Chemical Specific Sound Speed Δv/°C
Substance Viscosity x10-6
Formula Gravity
m/s ft/s m/s/°C m2/s ft2/s
Refrigerant 12 CCl2F2 1.516 774.1 2,539.7 4.24
(3) (-40°C) (-40°C) (-40°F)
Refrigerant 14 CF4 1.75 875.24 2,871.5 6.61
(14) (-150°C) (-150°C) (-238°F)
Refrigerant 21 CHCl2F 1.426 891 2,923.2 3.97
(3) (0°C) (0°C) (32°F)
Refrigerant 22 CHClF2 1.491 893.9 2,932.7 4.79
(3) (-69°C) (50°C) (122°F)
Refrigerant 113 CCl2F-CClF2 1.563 783.7 2,571.2 3.44
(3) (0°C) (32°F)
Refrigerant 114 CClF2-CClF2 1.455 665.3 2,182.7 3.73
(3) (-10°C) (14°F)
Refrigerant 115 C2ClF5 656.4 2,153.5 4.42
(3) (-50°C) (-58°F)
Refrigerant C4F8 1.62 574 1,883.2 3.88
C318 (3) (-20°C) (-10°C) (14°F)
Selenium (8) Se 1,072 3,517.1 0.68
(250°C) (482°F)
Silicone (30 cp) 0.993 990 3,248 30 322.8
Sodium fluoride NaF 0.877 2,082 6,830.7 1.32
(42) (1000°C) (1832°F)
Sodium nitrate NaNO3 1.884 1,763.3 5,785.1 0.74 1.37 14.74
(48) (336°C) (336°C) (637°F) (336°C) (637°F)
Sodium nitrite NaNO2 1.805 1,876.8 6,157.5
(48) (292°C) (292°C) (558°F)
Solvesso #3 0.877 1,370 4,494.8 3.7
Spirit of wine C2H6O 0.789 1,207 3,960 4.0 1.396 15.02
Sulfur (7, 8, 10) S 1,177 3,861.5 -1.13
(250°C) (482°F)
Sulfuric Acid (1) H2SO4 1.841 1,257.6 4,126 1.43 11.16 120.081
Tellurium (7) Te 991 3,251.3 0.73
(450°C) (842°F)

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data 17

Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

Table 2: Sound Speeds in Fluids @25°C (77°F) (cont.)

Kinematic
Chemical Specific Sound Speed Δv/°C
Substance Viscosity x10-6
Formula Gravity
m/s ft/s m/s/°C m2/s ft2/s
1,1,2,2-Tetra C2H2Br4 2.966 1,027 3,369.4
bromo-ethane
(47)
1,1,2,2-Tetra C2H2Cl4 1.595 1,147 3,763.1 1.156 12.438
chloro-ethane (15°C) (59°F)
(67)
Tetrachloro C2H2Cl4 1.553 1,170 3,838.6 1.19 12.804
ethane (46) (20°C) (20°C) (68°F)
Tetrachloro- C2Cl4 1.632 1,036 3,399
ethene (47)
Tetrachloro- CCl4 1.595 926 3,038.1 0.607 6.531
Methane (20°C)
(33, 47)
Tetradecane (46) C14H3O 0.763 1,331 4,366.8 2.86 30.773
(20°C) (20°C) (68°F) (20°C) (68°F)
Tetraethylene C8H18O5 1.123 1,586 5,203.4 3.0
glycol
Tetrafluoro- CF4 1.75 875.24 2,871.5 6.61
methane (14) (-150°C) (-150°C) (-238°F)
(Freon 14)
Tetrahydro-1,4- C4H9NO 1.000 1,442 4,731 3.8
isoxazine
Toluene (16, 52) C7H8 0.867 1,328 4,357 4.27 0.644 6.929
(20°C) (20°C) (68°F)
o-Toluidine (46) C7H9N 0.999 1,618 5,308.4 4.394 47.279
(20°C) (20°C) (68°F)
p-Toluidine (46) C7H9N 0.966 1,480 4,855.6 1.863 20.053
(45°C) (50°C) (122°F)
Toluol C7H8 0.866 1,308 4,291.3 4.2 0.58 6.24
Tribromo- CHBr3 2.89 918 3,011.8 0.654 7.037
methane (46, 47) (20°C)
1,1,1-Trichloro- C2H3Cl3 1.33 985 3,231.6 0.902 9.705
ethane (47) (20°C) (68°F)

18 Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

 Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

Table 2: Sound Speeds in Fluids @25°C (77°F) (cont.)

Kinematic
Chemical Specific Sound Speed Δv/°C
Substance Viscosity x10-6
Formula Gravity
m/s ft/s m/s/°C m2/s ft2/s
Trichloro-ethene C2HCl3 1.464 1,028 3,372.7
(47)
Trichloro-fluoro CCl3F 1.49 828.3 2,717.5 3.56
methane (3) (0°C) (32°F)
(Freon 11)
Trichloro- CHCl3 1.489 979 3,211.9 3.4 0.55 5.918
methane (47)
1,1,2-Trichloro- CCl2F-CClF2 1.563 783.7 2,571.2
1,2,2-Trifluoro- (0°C) (32°F)
Ethane
Triethyl-amine C6H15N 0.726 1,123 3,684.4 4.47
(33)
Triethylene C6H14O4 1.123 1,608 5,275.6 3.8
glycol
1,1,1-Trifluoro- C2HClBrF3 1.869 693 2,273.6
2-Chloro-2-
Bromo-Ethane
1,2,2-Trifluoro CCl2F-CClF2 1.563 783.7 2,571.2 3.44
trichloro- (0°C) (32°F)
ethane
(Freon 113)
d-1,3,3-Tri C10H16O 0.947 1,320 4,330.7 0.22 2.367
methylnor
camphor
Trinitrotoluene C7H5(NO2)3 1.64 1,610 5,282.2
(43) (81°C) (178°F)
Turpentine 0.88 1,255 4,117.5 1.4 15.064
Unisis 800 0.87 1,346 4,416
Water, distilled H2O 0.996 1,498 4,914.7 -2.4 1.00 10.76
(49, 50)
Water, heavy D2O 1,400 4,593
Water, sea 1.025 1,531 5,023 -2.4 1.00 10.76
Wood Alcohol CH4O 0.791 1,076 3,530.2 2.92 0.695 7.478
(40, 41) (20°C)

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data 19

Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

Table 2: Sound Speeds in Fluids @25°C (77°F) (cont.)

Kinematic
Chemical Specific Sound Speed Δv/°C
Substance Viscosity x10-6
Formula Gravity
m/s ft/s m/s/°C m2/s ft2/s
Xenon (45) Xe 630 2,067
(-109°C) (-164°F)
m-Xylene (46) C8H10 0.868 1,343 4,406.2 0.749 8.059
(15°C) (20°C) (68°F) (15°C) (59°F)
o-Xylene C8H10 0.897 1,331.5 4,368.4 4.1 0.903 9.716
(29, 46) (20°C) (20°C) (68°F)
p-Xylene (46) C8H10 1,334 4,376.6 0.662 7.123
(20°C) (68°F)
Xylene C8H4F6 1.37 879 2,883.9 0.613 6.595
hexafluoride
Zinc (7) Zn 3,298 10,820.2
(450°C) (842°F)

20 Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

 Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

1.3 Sound Speeds in Water

Note: The values in Table 3 below are reproduced with permission from American
Institute of Physics Handbook, ©McGraw-Hill Book Co.

Table 3: Sound Speeds in Water

Water Temperature Sound Speed
°C °F m/s ft/s
0 32.0 1,402 4,600
1 33.8 1,407 4,616
2 35.6 1,412 4,633
3 37.4 1,417 4,649
4 39.2 1,421 4,662
5 41.0 1,426 4,679
6 42.8 1,430 4,692
7 44.6 1,434 4,705
8 46.4 1,439 4,721
9 48.2 1,443 4,734
10 50.0 1,447 4,748
11 51.8 1,451 4,761
12 53.6 1,455 4,774
13 55.4 1,458 4,784
14 57.2 1,462 4,797
15 59.0 1,465 4,807
16 60.8 1,469 4,820
17 62.6 1,472 4,830
18 64.4 1,476 4,843
19 66.2 1,479 4,853
20 68.0 1,482 4,862
21 69.8 1,485 4,872
22 71.6 1,488 4,882
23 73.4 1,491 4,892
24 75.2 1,493 4,899
25 77.0 1,496 4,908
26 78.8 1,499 4,918

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data 21

Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

Table 3: Sound Speeds in Water (cont.)

Water Temperature Sound Speed
°C °F m/s ft/s
27 80.6 1,501 4,925
28 82.4 1,504 4,935
29 84.2 1,506 4,941
30 86.0 1,509 4,951
31 87.8 1,511 4,958
32 89.6 1,513 4,964
33 91.4 1,515 4,971
34 93.2 1,517 4,977
35 95.0 1,519 4,984
36 96.8 1,521 4,990
37 98.6 1,523 4,997
38 100.4 1,525 5,004
39 102.2 1,527 5,010
40 104.0 1,528 5,013
41 105.8 1,530 5,020
42 107.6 1,532 5,026
43 109.4 1,534 5,033
44 111.2 1,535 5,036
45 113.0 1,536 5,040
46 114.8 1,538 5,046
47 116.6 1,539 5,049
48 118.4 1,540 5,053
49 120.2 1,541 5,056
50 122.0 1,543 5,063
51 123.8 1,543 5,063
52 125.6 1,544 5,066
53 127.4 1,545 5,069
54 129.2 1,546 5,072
55 131.0 1,547 5,076
56 132.8 1,548 5,079

22 Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

 Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

Table 3: Sound Speeds in Water (cont.)

Water Temperature Sound Speed
°C °F m/s ft/s
57 134.6 1,548 5,079
58 136.4 1,549 5,082
59 138.2 1,550 5,086
60 140.0 1,550 5,086
61 141.8 1,551 5,089
62 143.6 1,552 5,092
63 145.4 1,552 5,092
64 147.2 1,553 5,095
65 149.0 1,553 5,095
66 150.8 1,553 5,095
67 152.6 1,554 5,099
68 154.4 1,554 5,099
69 156.2 1,554 5,099
70 158.0 1,554 5,099
71 159.8 1,554 5,099
72 161.6 1,555 5,102
73 163.4 1,555 5,102
74 165.2 1,555 5,102
75 167.0 1,555 5,102
76 168.8 1,555 5,102
77 170.6 1,554 5,099
78 172.4 1,554 5,099
79 174.2 1,554 5,099
80 176.0 1,554 5,099
81 177.8 1,554 5,099
82 179.6 1,553 5,095
83 181.4 1,553 5,095
84 183.2 1,553 5,095
85 185.0 1,552 5,092
86 186.8 1,552 5,092

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data 23

Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

Table 3: Sound Speeds in Water (cont.)

Water Temperature Sound Speed
°C °F m/s ft/s
87 188.6 1,552 5,092
88 190.4 1,551 5,089
89 192.2 1,551 5,089
90 194.0 1,550 5,086
91 195.8 1,549 5,082
92 197.6 1,549 5,082
93 199.4 1,548 5,079
94 201.2 1,547 5,076
95 203.0 1,547 5,076
96 204.8 1,546 5,072
97 206.6 1,545 5,069
98 208.4 1,544 5,066
99 210.2 1,543 5,063
100 212.0 1,543 5,063
104 220.0 1,538 5,046
110 230.0 1,532 5,026
116 240.0 1,524 5,000
121 250.0 1,526 5,007
127 260.0 1,507 4,944
132 270.0 1,497 4,912
138 280.0 1,487 4,879
143 290.0 1,476 4,843
149 300.0 1,465 4,807
154 310.0 1,453 4,767
160 320.0 1,440 4,725
166 330.0 1,426 4,679
171 340.0 1,412 4,633
177 350.0 1,398 4,587
182 360.0 1,383 4,538
188 370.0 1,368 4,488

24 Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

 Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

Table 3: Sound Speeds in Water (cont.)

Water Temperature Sound Speed
°C °F m/s ft/s
193 380.0 1,353 4,439
199 390.0 1,337 4,387
204 400.0 1,320 4,331
210 410.0 1,302 4,272
216 420.0 1,283 4,210
221 430.0 1,264 4,147
227 440.0 1,244 4,082
232 450.0 1,220 4,003
238 460.0 1,200 3,937
243 470.0 1,180 3,872
249 480.0 1,160 3,806
254 490.0 1,140 3,740
260 500.0 1,110 3,642

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data 25

Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

1.4 Sound Speeds in Gases

The speeds of sound in some common gases, at 0°C and atmospheric pressure, are
listed in Table 4 below. To estimate the speed of sound in the gases listed in the
table at other temperatures, use the following equation:

T
v = v 0 × --------- + 1
273

In the above equation, v0 is the speed of sound in the gas at 0°C, v is the speed of
sound in m/s and T is the gas temperature in °C. For example, the sound speed in air
at 100°C = 331 x 1.169 = 387 m/s.

Note: Parameters other than the gas temperature do influence the sound speed,
but temperature is by far the predominant factor.

Table 4: Sound Speeds in Gases

Sound Speed (0°C, atmospheric pressure)
Gas
m/s ft/s
Air (dry) 331 1086
Argon 307 1007
Carbon Dioxide 259 850
Carbon Monoxide 338 1109
Helium 972 3189
Hydrogen 1286 4219
Methane 430 1411
Neon 435 1427
Nitrogen 334 1096
Oxygen 315 1033
Water Vapor (100°C) 405 1329

26 Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

 Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

1.5 Sound Speeds in Air

Using the equation on the previous page to calculate the speed of sound in air at
various temperatures, the results listed in Table 5 below were obtained.

Table 5: Sound Speeds in Air

Air Temperature Sound Speed
°C °F m/s ft/s
-40 -40 306 1004
-30 -22 313 1026
-20 -4 319 1047
-10 14 325 1067
0 32 331 1087
10 50 337 1107
20 68 343 1126
30 86 349 1145
40 104 355 1164
50 122 360 1183
60 140 366 1201
70 158 371 1219
80 176 377 1236
90 194 382 1254
100 212 387 1271
110 230 392 1288
120 248 398 1304
130 266 403 1321
140 284 408 1337
150 302 412 1353
160 320 417 1369
170 338 422 1385
180 356 427 1400
190 374 431 1416
200 392 436 1431

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data 27

Chapter 1. Sound Speed Tables

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28 Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

 Chapter 2. Pipe Size Tables

Chapter 2. Pipe Size Tables

2.1 Steel Pipe Data - ANSI
Table 6: Steel Pipe Data - ANSI
ANSI B36.10 ANSI B36.10 ANSI B36.19
Nominal Outside Wall Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Stainless Steel
Pipe Size Diameter Thickness Wall Thickness Pipe Schedule Pipe Schedule
(in.) (in.) (in.) Designation Number Number
1/8 0.405 0.049 10S
0.068 STD 40 40S
0.095 XS 80 80S
1/4 0.540 0.065 10S
0.088 STD 40 40S
0.119 XS 80 80S
3/8 0.675 0.065 10S
0.091 STD 40 40S
0.126 XS 80 80S
1/2 0.840 0.065 5S
0.083 10S
0.109 STD 40 40S
0.147 XS 80 80S
0.187 160
0.294 XXS
3/4 1.050 0.065 5S
0.083 10S
0.113 STD 40 40S
0.154 XS 80 80S
0.218 160
0.308 XXS
1 1.315 0.065 5S
0.109 10S
0.133 STD 40 40S
0.179 XS 80 80S
0.250 160
0.358 XXS

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data 29

Chapter 2. Pipe Size Tables

Table 6: Steel Pipe Data - ANSI (cont.)

ANSI B36.10 ANSI B36.10 ANSI B36.19
Nominal Outside Wall Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Stainless Steel
Pipe Size Diameter Thickness Wall Thickness Pipe Schedule Pipe Schedule
(in.) (in.) (in.) Designation Number Number
1 1/4 1.660 0.065 5S
0.109 10S
0.140 STD 40 40S
0.191 XS 80 80S
0.250 160
0.382 XXS
1 1/2 1.900 0.065 5S
0.109 10S
0.145 STD 40 40S
0.200 XS 80 80S
0.281 160
0.400 XXS
2 2.375 0.065 5S
0.109 10S
0.154 STD 40 40S
0.218 XS 80 80S
0.344 160
0.436 XXS
2 1/2 2.875 0.083 - - 5S
0.120 - - 10S
0.203 STD 40 40S
0.276 XS 80 80S
0.375 - 160 -
0.552 XXS - -
3 3.500 0.083 - - 5S
0.120 - - 10S
0.216 STD 40 40S
0.300 XS 80 80S
0.438 - 160 -
0.600 XXS - -

30 Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

 Chapter 2. Pipe Size Tables

Table 6: Steel Pipe Data - ANSI (cont.)

ANSI B36.10 ANSI B36.10 ANSI B36.19
Nominal Outside Wall Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Stainless Steel
Pipe Size Diameter Thickness Wall Thickness Pipe Schedule Pipe Schedule
(in.) (in.) (in.) Designation Number Number
3 1/2 4.000 0.083 5S
0.120 10S
0.226 STD 40 40S
0.318 XS 80 80S
0.636 XXS -
4 4.500 0.083 5S
0.120 10S
0.237 STD 40 40S
0.337 XS 80 80S
0.438 120
0.531 160
0.674 XXS
5 5.536 0.109 5S
0.134 10S
0.258 STD 40 40S
0.375 XS 80 80S
0.500 120
0.625 160
0.750 XXS
6 6.625 0.109 5S
0.134 10S
0.280 STD 40 40S
0.432 XS 80 80S
0.562 120
0.719 160
0.864 XXS

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data 31

Chapter 2. Pipe Size Tables

Table 6: Steel Pipe Data - ANSI (cont.)

ANSI B36.10 ANSI B36.10 ANSI B36.19
Nominal Outside Wall Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Stainless Steel
Pipe Size Diameter Thickness Wall Thickness Pipe Schedule Pipe Schedule
(in.) (in.) (in.) Designation Number Number
8 8.625 0.109 5S
0.148 10S
0.250 20
0.277 30
0.322 STD 40 40S
0.406 60
0.500 XS 80 80S
0.594 100
0.719 120
0.812 140
0.875 XXS
0.906 160
10 10.750 0.134 5S
0.165 10S
0.250 20
0.307 30
0.365 STD 40 40S
0.500 XS 60 80S
0.594 80
0.719 100
0.844 120
1.000 XXS 140

32 Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

 Chapter 2. Pipe Size Tables

Table 6: Steel Pipe Data - ANSI (cont.)

ANSI B36.10 ANSI B36.10 ANSI B36.19
Nominal Outside Wall Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Stainless Steel
Pipe Size Diameter Thickness Wall Thickness Pipe Schedule Pipe Schedule
(in.) (in.) (in.) Designation Number Number
12 12.750 0.156 5S
0.180 10S
0.250 20
0.330 30
0.375 STD 40S
0.406 40
0.500 XS 80S
0.562 60
0.688 80
0.844 100
1.000 XXS 120
1.125 140
1.312 160
14 14.000 0.156 5S
0.188 10S
0.250 10
0.312 20
0.375 STD 30
0.438 40
0.500 XS
0.594 - 60
0.625 XXS -
0.750 80
0.938 100
1.094 120
1.250 140
1.406 160

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data 33

Chapter 2. Pipe Size Tables

Table 6: Steel Pipe Data - ANSI (cont.)

ANSI B36.10 ANSI B36.10 ANSI B36.19
Nominal Outside Wall Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Stainless Steel
Pipe Size Diameter Thickness Wall Thickness Pipe Schedule Pipe Schedule
(in.) (in.) (in.) Designation Number Number
16 16.000 0.165 5S
0.188 10S
0.250 10 -
0.312 20
0.375 STD 30
0.500 XS 40
0.656 60
0.844 80
1.031 100
1.219 120
1.439 140
1.594 160
18 18.000 0.165 5S
0.188 10S
0.250 10
0.312 20
0.375 STD
0.438 30
0.500 XS
0.562 40
0.750 60
0.938 80
1.156 100
1.375 120
1.562 140
1.781 160

34 Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

 Chapter 2. Pipe Size Tables

Table 6: Steel Pipe Data - ANSI (cont.)

ANSI B36.10 ANSI B36.10 ANSI B36.19
Nominal Outside Wall Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Stainless Steel
Pipe Size Diameter Thickness Wall Thickness Pipe Schedule Pipe Schedule
(in.) (in.) (in.) Designation Number Number
20 20.000 0.188 5S
0.218 10S
0.250 10
0.375 STD 20
0.500 XS 30
0.594 40
0.812 60
1.031 80
1.281 100
1.500 120
1.750 140
1.969 160
22 22.000 0.188 5S
0.218 10S
0.250 10
0.375 STD 20
0.500 XS 30
0.875 60
1.125 80
1.375 100
1.625 120
1.875 140
2.125 160

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data 35

Chapter 2. Pipe Size Tables

Table 6: Steel Pipe Data - ANSI (cont.)

ANSI B36.10 ANSI B36.10 ANSI B36.19
Nominal Outside Wall Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Stainless Steel
Pipe Size Diameter Thickness Wall Thickness Pipe Schedule Pipe Schedule
(in.) (in.) (in.) Designation Number Number
24 24.000 0.218 5S
0.250 10 10S
0.375 STD 20
0.500 XS
0.562 30
0.688 40
0.969 60
1.219 80
1.531 100
1.812 120
2.062 140
2.344 160
26 26.000 0.312 10
0.375 STD -
0.500 XS 20
28 28.000 0.312 10
0.375 STD
0.500 XS 20
0.625 30
30 30.000 0.250 5S
0.312 10 10S
0.375 STD
0.500 XS 20
0.625 30
0.750 40
32 32.000 0.312 10
0.375 STD
0.500 XS 20
0.625 30
0.688 40

36 Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

 Chapter 2. Pipe Size Tables

Table 6: Steel Pipe Data - ANSI (cont.)

ANSI B36.10 ANSI B36.10 ANSI B36.19
Nominal Outside Wall Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Stainless Steel
Pipe Size Diameter Thickness Wall Thickness Pipe Schedule Pipe Schedule
(in.) (in.) (in.) Designation Number Number
34 34.000 0.344 10
0.375 STD -
0.500 XS 20
0.625 30
0.688 40
36 36.000 0.312 10
0.375 STD
0.500 XS 20
0.625 30
0.750 40
42 42.000 0.375 STD
0.500 XS 20
0.625 30
0.750 40
48 48.000 0.375 STD
0.500 XS

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data 37

Chapter 2. Pipe Size Tables

2.2 Steel Pipe Data - DIN

Table 7: Steel Pipe Data - DIN

Nominal Outside Wall Thickness (mm)
Pipe Size Diameter
(mm) (mm) DIN 2448 DIN 2440 DIN 2441

6 10.2 1.6 2.00 2.65

8 13.5 1.8 2.35 2.90
10 17.2 1.8 2.65 2.90
15 21.3 2.0 2.65 3.25
20 26.9 2.3 2.65 3.25
25 33.7 2.6 3.25 4.05
32 42.4 2.6 3.25 4.05
40 48.3 2.6 3.25 4.05
50 60.3 2.9 3.65 4.50
65 76.1 2.9 3.65 4.50
80 88.9 3.2 4.05 4.85
100 114.3 3.6 4.50 5.40
125 139.7 4.0 4.85 5.40
150 168.3 4.5 4.85 5.40
200 219.1 6.3
250 273.0 6.3
300 323.9 7.1
350 355.6 8.0
400 406.4 8.8
450 457.0 10.0
500 508.0 11.0
600 610.0 12.5

38 Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

 Chapter 2. Pipe Size Tables

2.3 Cast Iron Pipe Data - Inches

Table 8: Cast Iron Pipe Data (ANSI A21.6) - Inches

Nom. Class 50 Class 100 Class 150 Class 200 Class 250
Pipe Size O.D. Wall O.D. Wall O.D. Wall O.D. Wall O.D. Wall
(in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.)
3 3.96 0.32 3.96 0.32 3.96 0.32 3.96 0.32 3.96 0.32
4 4.80 0.35 4.80 0.35 4.80 0.35 4.80 0.35 4.80 0.35
6 6.90 0.38 6.90 0.38 6.90 0.38 6.90 0.38 6.90 0.38
8 9.05 0.41 9.05 0.41 9.05 0.41 9.05 0.41 9.05 0.41
10 11.10 0.44 11.10 0.44 11.10 0.44 11.10 0.44 11.10 0.44
12 13.20 0.48 13.20 0.48 13.20 0.48 13.20 0.48 13.20 0.52
14 15.30 0.48 15.30 0.51 15.65 0.51 15.65 0.55 15.65 0.59
16 17.40 0.54 17.40 0.54 17.80 0.54 17.80 0.58 17.80 0.63
18 19.50 0.54 19.50 0.58 19.92 0.58 19.92 0.63 19.92 0.68
20 21.60 0.57 21.60 0.62 22.06 0.62 22.06 0.67 22.06 0.72
24 25.80 0.63 25.80 0.68 26.32 0.73 26.32 0.79 26.32 0.79
30 32.00 0.79 32.00 0.79 32.00 0.85 32.00 0.92 32.00 0.99
36 38.30 0.87 38.30 0.87 38.30 0.94 38.30 1.02 38.30 1.10
42 44.50 0.97 44.50 0.97 44.50 1.05 44.50 1.13 44.50 1.22
48 50.80 1.06 50.80 1.06 50.80 1.14 50.80 1.23 50.80 1.33

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data 39

Chapter 2. Pipe Size Tables

2.4 Cast Iron Pipe Data - Millimeters

Table 9: Cast Iron Pipe Data (ANSI A21.6) - Millimeters

Nom. Class 50 Class 100 Class 150 Class 200 Class 250
Pipe Size O.D. Wall O.D. Wall O.D. Wall O.D. Wall O.D. Wall
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
80 100.6 8.1 100.6 8.1 100.6 8.1 100.6 8.1 100.6 8.1
100 121.9 8.9 121.9 8.9 121.9 8.9 121.9 8.9 121.9 8.9
150 175.3 9.7 175.3 9.7 175.3 9.7 175.3 9.7 175.3 9.7
200 229.9 10.4 229.9 10.4 229.9 10.4 229.9 10.4 229.9 10.4
250 281.9 11.2 281.9 11.2 281.9 11.2 281.9 11.2 281.9 11.2
300 335.3 12.2 335.3 12.2 335.3 12.2 335.3 12.2 335.3 13.2
350 388.6 12.2 388.6 13.0 397.5 13.0 397.5 14.0 397.5 15.0
400 442.0 13.7 442.0 13.7 452.1 13.7 452.1 14.7 452.1 16.0
450 495.3 13.7 495.3 14.7 506.0 14.7 506.0 16.0 506.0 17.3
500 548.6 14.5 548.6 15.7 560.3 15.7 560.3 17.0 560.3 18.3
600 655.3 16.0 655.3 17.3 668.5 18.5 668.5 20.1 668.5 20.1
750 812.8 20.1 812.8 20.1 812.8 21.6 812.8 23.4 812.8 25.1
900 972.8 22.1 972.8 22.1 972.8 23.9 972.8 25.9 972.8 27.9
1050 1130.3 24.6 1130.3 24.6 1130.3 26.7 1130.3 28.7 1130.3 31.0
1200 1290.3 26.9 1290.3 26.9 1290.3 29.0 1290.3 31.2 1290.3 33.8

40 Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

 Chapter 2. Pipe Size Tables

2.5 Ductile Iron Pipe Data - Inches

Table 10: Ductile Iron Pipe Data (ANSI A21.5) - Inches
Nominal Outside Pipe Wall Thickness (in.)
Pipe Size Diameter Class Class Class Class Class Class Class
(in.) (in.) 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
3 4.02 N/A 0.25 0.28 0.31 0.34 0.37 0.40
4 4.80 N/A 0.26 0.29 0.32 0.35 0.38 0.41
6 6.90 0.25 0.28 0.31 0.34 0.37 0.40 0.43
8 9.05 0.27 0.30 0.33 0.36 0.39 0.42 0.45
10 11.10 0.29 0.32 0.35 0.38 0.41 0.44 0.47
12 13.20 0.31 0.34 0.37 0.40 0.43 0.46 0.49
14 15.30 0.33 0.36 0.39 0.42 0.45 0.48 0.51
16 17.40 0.34 0.37 0.40 0.43 0.46 0.49 0.52
18 19.50 0.35 0.38 0.41 0.44 0.47 0.50 0.53
20 21.60 0.36 0.39 0.42 0.45 0.48 0.51 0.54
24 25.80 0.38 0.41 0.44 0.47 0.50 0.53 0.56
30 32.00 0.39 0.43 0.47 0.51 0.55 0.59 0.63
36 38.30 0.43 0.48 0.53 0.58 0.63 0.68 0.73
42 44.50 0.47 0.53 0.59 0.65 0.71 0.77 0.83
48 50.80 0.51 0.58 0.65 0.72 0.79 0.86 0.93
54 57.56 0.57 0.65 0.73 0.81 0.89 0.97 1.05

Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data 41

Chapter 2. Pipe Size Tables

2.6 Ductile Iron Pipe Data - Millimeters

Table 11: Ductile Iron Pipe Data (ANSI A21.5) - Millimeters
Nominal Outside Pipe Wall Thickness (mm)
Pipe Size Diameter Class Class Class Class Class Class Class
(mm) (mm) 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
80 102.1 N/A 6.4 7.1 7.9 8.6 9.4 10.2
100 121.9 N/A 6.6 7.4 8.1 8.9 9.7 10.4
150 175.2 6.4 7.1 7.9 8.6 9.4 10.2 10.9
200 229.9 6.9 7.6 8.4 9.1 9.9 10.7 11.4
250 281.9 7.4 8.1 8.9 9.7 10.4 11.2 11.9
300 335.3 7.9 8.6 9.4 10.2 10.9 11.7 12.5
350 388.6 8.4 9.1 9.9 10.7 11.4 12.2 13.0
400 441.9 8.6 9.4 10.2 10.9 11.7 12.5 13.2
450 495.3 8.9 9.7 10.4 11.2 11.9 12.7 13.5
500 548.6 9.1 9.9 10.7 11.4 12.2 13.0 13.7
600 655.3 9.7 10.4 11.2 11.9 12.7 13.5 14.2
750 812.8 9.9 10.9 11.9 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0
900 972.8 10.9 12.2 13.5 14.7 16.0 17.3 18.5
1050 1130.3 11.9 13.5 15.0 16.5 18.0 19.6 21.1
1200 1290.3 13.0 14.7 16.5 18.3 20.1 21.8 23.6
1350 1462.0 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.6 22.6 24.6 26.7

42 Sound Speed & Pipe Size Data

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