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PVT Sampling Methods

The document discusses different methods for sampling reservoir fluids including downhole sampling, wellhead sampling, and surface recombination sampling. Downhole sampling involves using a bottomhole sampler to collect fluids directly from the reservoir. Wellhead sampling is used when the well produces dry gas or undersaturated oil. Surface recombination sampling collects separate oil and gas volumes and recombines them based on the measured gas-oil ratio. The objectives of sampling are to characterize the reservoir fluids and obtain samples under initial reservoir conditions for further analysis and modeling.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

462 views7 pages

PVT Sampling Methods

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l3gsd

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Introduction

Samples of the reservoir fluid are usually collected at an early stage in

the well’s producing life and dispatched to a laboratory for the PVT
analysis. The objectives of sampling are to receive samples from a
suitable place in the production wells or surface facilities. The samples
should represent the system in the reservoir under its initial conditions
in order to determine its type, volumetric and phase behavior, and its
composition. PVT analysis results are needed for geological and reservoir
engineering evaluation and forecasting, as well as for laboratory studies
concerning enhanced oil recovery (EOR).

There are basically three ways of collecting fluids samples from a well,
either by Downhole Sampling, Wellhead Sampling or by Surface
Recombination Sampling.

|page 1 of 5
Downhole Sampling
As illustrated by the following figure, this is the more direct method of
:sampling

Bottom hole samplers are specially designed devices containing one valve
or two valves at their extreme ends. They are run in the hole, on wireline,
to the reservoir depth and the sample collected from the subsurface well
stream at the prevailing bottom hole pressure. The valves are either
mechanically or electrically operated to be close and trap a volume of the
borehole fluids in the sampling chamber.
Once at the surface, the sample should immediately be transferred to
containers through a flexible steel tube. This steel tube is filled up with an
inert liquid, generally with mercury, together with the shipping bottle.
This can be done using a mercury injection pump.
Subsurface sampling method will obviously yield a representative fluid
sample of the reservoir giving that the oil is undersaturated with gas to
such a degree that the bottom hole flowing pressure Pwf at which the
sample is collected, is above the bubble point pressure.
 If the reservoir was initially at bubble point pressure Pb or suspected of
being so, the subsurface sample should then be collected with the well
still closed in.
 If the reservoir is known to be initially undersaturated the sample can
be collected with the well flowing at a very low rate so that the Pwf is
still above Pb.

|page 2 of 5
Wellhead Sampling

Sampling at the wellhead is a suitable process in case of the

production of dry gas or undersaturated oil at wellhead conditions
(wellhead pressure is greater than bubble point pressure). The
container is connected with a valve at the wellhead and flushed with
the fluid produced, the same procedure described in the previous
method.

|page 3 of 5
Surface Recombination Sampling
Surface recombination sampling method is illustrated by the following
figure; separate volumes of oil and gas are taken at separator
conditions and recombined to give a composite fluid sample.

Before taking the sample, the well to be producing at a constant rate for
several hours and the Gas Oil Ratio (producing GOR) is measured in scf of
gas at separator pressure and temperature conditions. If the producing
GOR is steady during the period of measurement then one can feel
confident that recombining the oil and gas in the same ratio will yield a
representative composite sample of the reservoir fluid.
In fact, a slight adjustment must be made to determine the actual ratio in
which the samples should be recombined. This is because the oil sample
is collected at separator pressure and temperature whereas the gas oil
ratio is measured relative to the stock tank barrel. The measured GOR
must be multiplied by the shrinkage factor from separator to stock tank
conditions. This factor is usually determined in the laboratory as the first
stage of a PVT analysis of a surface recombination sample by placing a
small volume of the oil sample in a cell at he appropriate separator
conditions and discharging it (flash expansion) to a second cell
maintained at the field stock tank conditions.
[required GOR] = [measured GOR] × [shrinkage factor]
[GOR (scf/sep.bbl)] = [GOR (scf/stb)] × [GOR (stb/sep.bbl)]

|page 4 of 5
Selection of wells for sampling
To sample a representative oil and gas fluids, sampling has not to be
taken from wells which are perforated at the water/oil or gas/oil
contact and are producing water and/or non-equilibrium gas. The
number of samples will depend on the dip of the structure as well as on
the pay thickness.

References

Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering, Dake

Reservoir Fluids Properties, Heinemann

|page 5 of 5
Introduction 1

Downhole Sampling 2

Conte
Wellhead Sampling 3

Surface
Recombination 4
Sampling

Selection of wells for

5
sampling

References 6
Name: Ahmed bahri omar
Date: 2021/2/13
Subject: reservoir