U

n
it
2
:
Author/Illustrator: MS. JOBELLE MONDOY, LPT
School: BACOOR UNIDA EVANGELICAL
SCHOOL Principal: MS. KHRISLA C. VICENCIO,
LPT
1

MODULE 1 | ENGLISH 10

To the Learners,
Hi Evangelicans! My name is Teacher Jobelle. This
module is designed to cater the essential knowledge
and skills for Grade 10 students like you. This will cover
the Greek Literature.
This is Bacoor Unida Evangelical School’s re sponse
to the SDO-Cavite in preparation to the “New Normal”
set-up of Education.
Hope that this module serves you best as you go
along each tasks. These activities are constructed in a
way students can learn independently.
I am looking forward that
learners like you will continue
to
be motivated to do your best.
Enjoy and Explore!

MODULE 2 | ENGLISH 10

What do you expect to learn from

this module?
 Learning Competencies
At the end of the module, students are expected to: ∙ Read and
ponder different literary texts presented ∙ Give technical and
Operational Definitions ∙ Formulating Claims of Fact, Policy, and
Value ∙ Detecting Biases and Prejudices
∙ Acknowledging Resources: In-Text Citations
∙ Familiarizing yourselves in Chapter 2&3 (Review of Related
Literature and Methodology)
 3

MODULE 2 | ENGLISH 10

by: Leslie Halward

LESSON 1 blue eyes and a heavy

brown moustache,
which he sucked occasionally.
These people were plainly poor, for the room,
though clean, was meanly furnished, and the
thick pieces of bread and butter were the
only food on the table.

As she prepared the meal, the woman from

time to time looked contemptuously at her
husband. He ignored her, raising his eye
brows, humming, or tapping his teeth now
and then with his finger-nails, making a pre
tence of being profoundly bored.

“You’ll keep your hands off the money,” said

the woman, obviously repeating something
 that she had already said several times be
The parents of a boy of fourteen were hold of it. He’ll give it to me. It’ll pay the rent
waiting for him to come home with his first and buy us a bit of food, and not go into the
week’s wages. till at the nearest public-house.”

The mother had laid the table and was “You shut your mouth,” said the man, quietly.
cutting some slices of bread and butter “I’ll not shut my mouth!” cried the woman, in
for tea. She was a little woman with a thin a quick burst of anger. “Why should I shut my
face and a spare body, dressed in a blue mouth? You’ve been boss here for long
blouse and skirt, the front of the skirt cov enough. I put up with it when you were bring
ered with a starched white apron. She ing money into the house, but I’ll not put up
looked tired and frequently sighed heavi with it now. You’re nobody here. Under
ly. stand? Nobody. I’m boss and he’ll hand the
The father, sprawling inelegantly in an old money to me!”
armchair by the fireside, legs out “We’ll see about that,” said the man, leisurely
stretched, was little too. He had watery
fore. “I know what’ll happen to it if you get

4
poking the fire.
The boy looked him straight in the
Nothing more was said for about five
eyes. “I lost it,” he said.
minutes.
“You – what?” cried his father.
Then the boy came in. He did not look older
than ten or eleven years. He looked absurd “I lost it,” the boy repeated.
in long trousers. The whites of his eyes The man began to shout and wave his
against his black face gave him a startled hands about.
expression.
“Lost it! Lost it! What are you talking about?
His father got to his feet. How could you lose it?”
“Where’s the money?” he demanded. “It was in a packet,” said the boy, “ a little
The boy looked from one to the other. He envelope. I lost it.”
was afraid of his father. He licked his pale “Where did you lose it?”
lips.
“I don’t know. I must have dropped it in the
“Come on now,” said the man. “Where’s street.”
the money?” “Did you go back and look for it?”
“Don’t give it to him,” said the woman. The boy nodded. “I couldn’t find it,” he said.
“Don’t give it to him, Billy. Give it to me.”
The man made a noise in his throat, half
The father advanced on the boy, his teeth grunt, half moan – the sort of noise that an
showing in a snarl under his big moustache. animal would make.
“Where’s the money?” he almost whis “So you lost it, did you?” he said. He stepped
pered. back a couple of paces and took off his belt
– a wide, thick belt with a heavy brass buck
le. “Come here,” he said. “He’ll go to bed. Go and wash yourself.”

The boy, biting his lower lip so as to keep Without a word the boy went into the scullery
back the tears, advanced and the man and washed his hands and face. When he
raised his arm. The woman, motionless until had done this he went straight upstairs.
that moment, leaped forward and seized it.
The man sat down at the table, ate some
Her husband, finding strength in his blind
bread and butter and drank two cups of tea.
rage, pushed her aside easily. He brought the
The woman ate nothing. She sat opposite
belt down on the boy’s back. He beat him
him, never taking her eyes from his face,
unmercifully about the body and legs. The
looking with hatred at him. Just as before, he
boy sank to the floor, but did not cry out.
took no notice of her, ignored her, behaved
When the man had spent himself,\he put on as if she were not there at all.
the belt and pulled the boy to his feet.
When he had finished the meal he went out.
“Now you’ll get off to bed,” he said. “The
Immediately he had shut the door the wom
lad wants some food,” said the woman. an jumped to her feet and ran upstairs to the

5
boy’s room.
He was sobbing bitterly, his face buried in the pillow. She sat on the edge of the bed and
put her arms about him, pressed him close to her breast, ran her fingers through his disor
dered hair, whispered endearments, consoling him. He let her do this, finding comfort in
her caresses, relief in his own tears.

After a while his weeping ceased. He raised his head and smiled at her, his wet eyes
bright. Then he put his hand under the pillow and withdrew a small dirty envelope.
“Here’s the money,” he whispered.
She took the envelope and opened it and pulled out a long strip of paper with some fig
ures on it – a ten shilling note and a sixpence.
 LESSON 1
Whenever you argue on an issue or specific situation, you always try to justify and ex
plain your own point of view and stand. This is called claim.
A claim persuades, argues, convinces, proves, or provocatively suggests something to
a reader who may or may not initially agree with you. Also , a claim is an assertion of fact or
belief that needs to be supported with evidence. With that being said, you can conclude
that a claim is significant in an argumentative essay because it serves as the main argu
ment of the writer.

The different argumentative claims can be identified into three, namely claim of fact,
claim of policy, and claim of value.
Claim of Fact

This claim answers the questions: "Did it happen? Is it true? Does it really exist?"
Claims of fact appear to be statements of fact, but remember that your claim needs
to be argumentative, so you need to make a claim about which not everyone would
agree. Some claims of fact are not arguable.

Examples of Claim of Facts that are not arguable:

a) The earth orbits the sun.

b) Jose Rizal's birth date is June 19, 1861.
6

LESSON 1
Examples of Claim of Facts that are arguable:

a) The earth is flat.

 b) Jose Rizal deserves to be our national hero.
2. Claim of Policy

This claim answers the query: "What should we do about it! Claims of policy suggest a
solution to a problem that has been defined or described by an argument.

Examples:

a) The death penalty should be abolished because it does nothing to prevent murder.
b) Legislation should be passed to stop the sale of cigarettes.
c) The age at which people can get a driver's license must be raised to
18. 3. Claim of Value

This claim is also known as evaluative claim aim since it seeks to answer the question: Is
it good or bad?" Making use of this claim requires to evaluate your topic or an aspect of
your topic. Is it good or bad? Valuable or not valuable? Desirable or undesirable?

Examples:

a) A mother can abandon her child if she cannot give her child's basic needs.
b) The right to bear arms in Mindanao is very important.

c) Copying answers trom your classmate is unacceptable because grades will not de
fine you.

Keep in mind that a claim must be argumentative, When you make a claim, you are
arguing tor your stand or your point of view she issue or phenomenon. Moreover, a good
claim is always specific. It makes a precise argument (Rental of a DVD is already not that
popular because you can download movies online.) rather than a general one (Rental of
DvD is gone.).

LESSON 2
 your commencement from one of the fin
est universities in the world. I never
graduat ed from college. Truth be told, this
is the closest I’ve ever gotten to a college
gradu ation. Today I want to tell you three
stories from my life. That’s it. No big deal.
Just three stories.
The first story is about connecting the
dots.
I dropped out of Reed College after the
first 6 months, but then stayed around

by: Steve Jobs

I am honored to be with you today at

as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?
It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college
graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly
that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to
be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they
decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were
on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: “We have an unex
pected baby boy; do you want him?” They said: “Of course.” My biological mother
later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my fa
ther had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption
papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I
would someday go to college.
And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was al most
as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents’ savings were be ing
spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn’t see the value in it. I had no
idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to 8
 LESSON 2 by: Steve Jobs

help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had
saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out
OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions
I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes
that didn’t interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.
It wasn’t all romantic. I didn’t have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends’
rooms, I returned Coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk
the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the
Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my
curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one exam
ple:
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in
the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was
beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn’t have to take
the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I
learned about serif and sans serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space
between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great.
It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can’t capture, and
I found it fascinating.
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But 10
years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back
to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful
typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac
would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since
Windows just copied the Mac, it’s likely that no personal computer would have
them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy
class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they
do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in
 9

LESSON 2 by: Steve Jobs

college. But it was very, very clear looking backward 10 years later.
Again, you can’t connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them
looking backward. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your
future. You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This
approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.
My second story is about love and loss.
I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in
my parents’ garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had
grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4,000
employees. We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year ear
lier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a
company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was
very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went
well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a
falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out.
And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone,
and it was devastating.
I really didn’t know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous
generation of entrepreneurs down — that I had dropped the baton as it was being
passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for
screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running
away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved
what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been
rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.
I didn’t see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing
that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was re
placed by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It
 10

LESSON 2 by: Steve Jobs

freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.

During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company
named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife.
Pixar went on to create the world’s first computer animated feature film, Toy Story,
and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of
events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed
at NeXT is at the heart of Apple’s current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a
wonderful family together.
I’m pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn’t been fired from
Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes
life hits you in the head with a brick. Don’t lose faith. I’m convinced that the only
thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You’ve got to find what you
love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a
large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe
is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you have
n’t found it yet, keep looking. Don’t settle. As with all matters of the heart, you’ll
know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better
as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don’t settle.
My third story is about death.
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: “If you live each day as
if it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly be right.” It made an impression on
me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning
and asked myself: “If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I
am about to do today?” And whenever the answer has been “No” for too many
days in a row, I know I need to change something.
Remembering that I’ll be dead soon is the most important tool I’ve ever en
countered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything — all
 11

LESSON 2 by: Steve Jobs

external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure — these things
just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remember
ing that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you
have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your
heart.
About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the
morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn’t even know what a
pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is
incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My
doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor’s code
for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you’d have
the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything
is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say
your goodbyes.
I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they
stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines,
put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated,
but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a micro
scope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of
pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I’m fine now.
This was the closest I’ve been to facing death, and I hope it’s the closest I get for a
few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more
certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:
No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don’t want to die to
get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it.
And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of
Life. It is Life’s change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right
 12

LESSON 2 by: Steve Jobs

now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become
the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.
Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life. Don’t be trapped by
dogma — which is living with the results of other people’s thinking. Don’t let the
noise of others’ opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have
the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what
you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth
Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow
named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with
his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960s, before personal computers and desktop
publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors and Polaroid cameras. It was
sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: It was
idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.
Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and
then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I
was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early
morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so
adventurous. Beneath it were the words: “Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.” It was their
farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always
wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.
Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
Thank you all very much.
 13

LESSON 2
Analytical listening in which person evaluate the worth, value, or quality of the mes
sage from the speaker or listening text before coming up with a final decision and judg
ment. Yet Sometimes people tend to be biased and give prejudices or unfairness in their
opinion. Someone is called a bias when he or she favors a person, thing, event, or any other
things that can be considered as unfair. When a person is biased, he or she is giving preju
dice in his or her thoughts and opinions. A prejudice is a preconceived opinion that is not
based from reason or actual experiences. But why do biases matter? It is because bias can
affect the believability credibility, and reliability of the texts you listen to. In daily 1ife situa
tions, you likely use unconscious bias which is a typical human behavior so you technically
do it in some degree. These prejudices lead you to make a prejudgment without relevant
facts which leads us to make decisions and discriminations.

For example, if you are a boss of a company and you have an employee that has
been late for three consecutive days, you must have prejudged him or her as a lazy or irre
sponsible person. As a result, you might decide to give that person a hard time or worse fire
him or her without even investigating on what really happened. What if that person cannot
leave his or her sick child and forgot to explain because of constrained time? Thus, it is really
hard to base your decisions from your biases and prejudices. It is always better to pause
and think before doing anything.
 14

Eve, and she relented. But as we were checking out

LESSON 3 of the lodge that morning it began to snow, and in
this snow he observed some rare quality that made
it necessary for us to get in one last run. We got in
several last runs. He was indifferent to my fretting.
Snow whirled around us in bitter, blinding squalls,
hissing like sand, and still we skied. As the lift bore us
to the peak yet again, my father looked at his
watch and said, “Criminy. This’ll have to be a fast
one.” 3 By now I couldn’t see the trail. There was no
point in trying. I stuck close behind him and did what
he did and somehow made it to the bottom without
sailing off a cliff. We returned our skis and my father

by: Tobias Wolff

put chains on the Austin-Healey while I swayed from

foot to foot, clapping my mittens and wishing I was
home. I could see everything. The green tablecloth,
the plates with the holly pattern, the red candles wait
Just before Christmas my father took me skiing
ing to be lit. We passed a diner on our way out. “You
at Mount Baker. He’d had to fight for the privilege of
want some soup?” my father asked. I shook my head.
my company, because my mother was still angry
“Buck up,” he said. “I’ll get you there. Right, doctor?” I
with him for sneaking me into a nightclub during his
was supposed to say, “Right, doctor,” but I didn’t say
last visit, to see Thelonious Monk. He wouldn’t give
anything. A state trooper waved us down outside the
up. He promised, hand on heart, to take good care
resort, where a pair of sawhorses blocked the road. He
of me and have me home for dinner on Christmas
came up to our car and bent down to my father’s win
dow, his face bleached by the cold, snowflakes cling with a weird, old-maidy show of caution turned the car
ing to his eyebrows and to the fur trim of his jacket and around. “Your mother will never forgive me for this,” he
cap. “Don’t tell me,” my father said. The trooper told said. “We should’ve left this morning,” I said. “Doctor.”
him. The road was closed. It might get cleared, it might 13 He didn’t speak to me again until we were in a
not. Storm took everyone by surprise. Hard to get peo booth at the diner, waiting for our burgers. “She won’t
ple moving. Christmas Eve. What can you do. My fa forgive me,” he said. “Do you understand? Never.”
ther said, “Look. We’re talking about five, six inches.
“I guess,” I said, though no guesswork was re quired.
I’ve taken this car through worse than that.” 10 The
She wouldn’t forgive him. “I can’t let that hap pen.” He
trooper straightened up. His face was out of sight but I
bent toward me. “I’ll tell you what I want. I want us all
could hear him. “The road is closed.”
to be together again. Is that what you want?” “Yes,
My father sat with both hands on the wheel, rub sir.” He bumped my chin with his knuck les. “That’s all I
bing the wood with his thumbs. He looked at the barri needed to hear.” When we finished
cade for a long time. He seemed to be trying to mas
ter the idea of it. Then he thanked the trooper and

15
eating he went to the pay phone in the back of the diner, then joined me in the booth again. I figured he’d
called my mother, but he didn’t give a report. He sipped at his coffee and stared out the window at the emp
ty road. “Come on, come on,” he said, though not to me. A little while later he said it again. When the troop
er’s car went past, lights flashing, he got up and dropped some money on the check. “Okay. Vámonos.” 19
The wind had died. The snow was falling straight down, less of it now and lighter. We drove away from the re
sort, right up to the barricade. “Move it,” my father told me. When I looked at him, he said, “What are you
waiting for?” I got out and dragged one of the sawhorses aside, then put it back after he drove through. He
pushed the door open for me. “Now you’re an accomplice,” he said. “We go down together.” He put the car
into gear and gave me a look. “Joke, son.” 20 Down the first long stretch I watched the road behind us, to see
if the trooper was on our tail. The barricade vanished. Then there was nothing but snow: snow on the road,
snow kicking up from the chains, snow on the trees, snow in the sky, and our trail in the snow. Then I faced for
ward and had a shock. There were no tracks ahead of us. My father was breaking virgin snow between tall
treelines. He was humming “Stars Fell on Alabama.” I felt snow brush along the floorboards under my feet. To
keep my hands from shaking I clamped them between my knees. 21 My father grunted thoughtfully and said,
“Don’t ever try this yourself.” 22 “I won’t.” 23 “That’s what you say now, but someday you’ll get your license
and then you’ll think you can do anything. Only you won’t be able to do this. You need, I don’t know—a cer
tain instinct.” 24 “Maybe I have it.” 25 “You don’t. You have your strong points, sure, just not this. I only mention
it because I don’t want you to get the idea this is something anybody can do. I’m a great driver. That’s not a
virtue, okay? It’s just a fact, and one you should be aware of. Of course you have to give the old heap some
credit too. There aren’t many cars I’d try this with. Listen!” 26 I did listen. I heard the slap of the chains, the stiff,
jerky rasp of the wipers, the purr of the engine. It really did purr. The old heap was almost new. My father
couldn’t afford it, and kept promising to sell it, but here it was.

I said, “Where do you think that policeman went to?” “Are you warm enough?” He reached over and
cranked up the blower. Then he turned off the wipers. We didn’t need them. The clouds had brightened. A
few sparse, feathery flakes drifted into our slipstream and were swept away. We left the trees and entered a
broad field of snow that ran level for a while and then tilted sharply downward. Orange stakes had been
planted at intervals in two parallel lines and my father steered a course between them, though they were far
enough apart to leave considerable doubt in my mind as to exactly where the road lay. He was humming
again, doing little scat riffs around the melody.

“Okay, then. What are my strong points?”

“Don’t get me started,” he said. “It’d take all day.” “Oh, right. Name one.” “Easy. You always think
ahead.” True. I always thought ahead. I was a boy who kept his clothes on numbered hangers to ensure
proper rotation. I bothered my teachers for homework assignments far ahead of their due dates so I could
draw up schedules. I thought ahead, and that was why I knew there would be other troopers waiting for us at
the end of our ride, if we even got there. What I didn’t know was that my father would wheedle and plead his
way past them—he didn’t sing “O Tannenbaum,” but just about—and get me home for dinner, buying a little
more time before my mother decided to make the split final. I knew we’d get caught; I was resigned to it.
And maybe for this reason I stopped moping and began to enjoy myself.

Why not? This was one for the books. Like being in a speedboat, only better. You can’t go downhill in a
boat. And it was all ours. And it kept coming, the laden trees, the unbroken surface of snow, the sudden white
vistas. Here and there I saw hints of the road, ditches, fences, stakes, though not so many that I could have
found my own way. But then I didn’t have to. My father was driving. My father in his forty-eighth year, rum
pled, kind, bankrupt of honor, flushed with certainty. He was a great driver. All persuasion, no coercion. Such
subtlety at the wheel, such tactful pedalwork. I actually trusted him. And the best was yet to come—
switchbacks and hairpins impossible to describe. Except maybe to say this: if you haven’t driven fresh powder,
you haven’t driven.

16

LESSON 3
You can include an in-text citation when you refer to, summarize, paraphrase, or
quote from another source. For every in-text citation in your paper, there must be a corre
sponding entry in your reference list.

American Psychological Association (APA) in-text citation for parenthetical style uses
the author's last name and the year of publication, for (APA) in-text citation for example,
(Villanueva, 2016).

Example: The ID is the most basic part of the personality, and wants instant gratifica
tion for our wants and needs. If these needs or wants are not met, a person becomes tense
or anxious (Freud, 1923). If you will be including the source directly in the sentence, you just
need to remove the parentheses in the author's name.

Example:

Erikson (1950) states that every person has his or her own unique 1dentity. This identity
is composed of the different personality traits that can be considered positive or negative
Other examples of using in-text citations given by APA are as follows:

Source Application
Quote with author’s name in text Smith (2006) states that, “….” (p. 112). Quote with author's name in reference

This is quoted as, "..." (Smith, 2006, pp. 112-4). Paraphrasing with author's name in text Smith (2006) stated these

facts, too. Paraphrasing with author's name in reference This fact has been stated (Smith, 2006)

No author—give title of work abbreviated to first major word Italics for books, "quotation marks"
for articles and web pages ("Long," 2005).

This book is true. (Long, 2005). This article is true

Citing entire website- put URL This has evidence (www.pubmedgov). Quote from website-use paragraph

According to, ".. (Smith, 2000, para. 4)

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LESSON 3
Source Application
More than one author with same last name P.L. Smith (2003) and J. M. Smith (2005) Source has more

than one author in text Smith and Lee agree that (2006)

Source has more than one author in reference This is agreed upon (Smith & Long, 2006). Citing more than

one work We all agree (Smith, 2006; Lee, 2004)

We all agree (Smith, 2006a; Smith 2006b; Smith

Citing more than one work by same author published in
2006c).
the same year

LESSON
3
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LESSON 3
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LESSON 3
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LESSON 3

Parts of Methodology
1. Research Design
2. Sampling Method/Technique

3. Data Collection
4. Research Instrument

5. Data Analysis and Statistical Treatment of Data

(This will be discussed using a Sample Research Provided by the teacher.)

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Performance Task 01 — Construct Proposition of Fact,

Value and Policy

Performance Task 02 — As a group, construct your Chapter 2: Review of Related Lit

erature

Performance Task 03 - As a group, construct your Chapter 2:

Methodology Performance Task 04 — As a group, create a reference for
your research.
∙ Espiritu,
Arjan R., Velez, Ma. Kristina. Revised Edition Echoes the Series World Litera ture.
2020. Jo-es Publishing House. Valenzuela City.

∙ https://www.slideshare.net/maryannpascua1/the-re?qid=7963229a-e6d2-4ccb
9e1d-47b13d3f05a8&v=&b=&from_search=2

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