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The Research Problem

The document discusses the key elements of a research problem, including the aim, subject matter, location, time period, and population. It provides an example research problem on determining the status of teaching science in Cavite during the 2018-2019 school year. Guidelines are presented for selecting a research problem, including ensuring it is within the researcher's interests and abilities. Objectives explain the study's goals. Parts of a research paper are outlined, including the problem background, conceptual framework, hypotheses, scope, and significance.

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Nicole Concepcion
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210 views4 pages

The Research Problem

The document discusses the key elements of a research problem, including the aim, subject matter, location, time period, and population. It provides an example research problem on determining the status of teaching science in Cavite during the 2018-2019 school year. Guidelines are presented for selecting a research problem, including ensuring it is within the researcher's interests and abilities. Objectives explain the study's goals. Parts of a research paper are outlined, including the problem background, conceptual framework, hypotheses, scope, and significance.

Uploaded by

Nicole Concepcion
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

- refers to the “issue or problem that lead to the need for a study”
- serves as the main reason why a research is being undertaken.

ELEMENTS OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

1. Aim or purpose of the problem for investigation


2. The subject matter or topic to be investigated
3. The place or locale where the research is to be conducted
4. The period or time of the study during which the data are to be gathered
5. Population from whom the data are to be collected

Example of a research problem

To determine the status of teaching science in the high schools of Cavite during
the school year 2018 – 2019

Aim / purpose: To determine the status of


Subject matter or topic: the teaching of science
Place or locale: In the high schools of Cavite
Period or time: During the school year 2018 - 2019
Population: The respondents are implied to be either
the teachers or the pupils or both

TITLE:
THE TEACHING OF SCIENCE IN THE HIGH SCHOOLS OF CAVITE
DURING THE SCHOOL YEAR 2018 – 2019

GUIDELINES IN THE SELECTION OF A RESEARCH PROBLEM OR TOPIC

1. The research problem or topic must be chosen by the researcher himself.


2. It must be within the interest of the researcher.
3. It must be within the specialization of the researcher.
4. It must be within the ability of the researcher to finance.
5. It is researchable and manageable
a. Data are available and accessible
b. Answers to the specific questions (sub problems) can be found.
c. Equipment and instruments for research are available and can give valid and
reliable results.
d. It is significant, important and relevant to the present time and situation, timely
and of current interest

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
- Explains the reasons why the study is conducted and the specific goals and
aims of the research

PARTS OF RESEARCH PAPER


I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

A. INTRODUCTION / BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The following are the guide questions that can help the researchers in
writing the background of the study

1. Why is it necessary to conduct a study about this topic?


2. What problem influenced the need to conduct a study about this topic?
3. What is the background of the topic?

B. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The conceptual framework clarifies the relationship between and among


the major variables of the study.

C. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The first paragraph includes a statement of the purpose of the study and
expressed in declarative sentence.

The next paragraph contains the sub-problems expressed in interrogative


sentences.

Guidelines in formulating the general problem and the specific sub-


problems or specific questions.

1. The general statement of the problem and the specific problems or


questions should be formulated first before conducting the research.
2. It is customary to state specific sub-problems in interrogative form.
Hence sub-problems are called specific questions.
3. Answers to each specific question must contribute to the development
of the whole research problem or topic.
4. Summing up the answers to all the specific questions will give a
complete development of the entire study.
5. Generally, there should be a general statement of the problem and
then this should be broken up into as many sub-problems or specific
questions as necessary.

D. HYPOTHESES

- It is a tentative conclusion or answer to the questions raised at the beginning


of the investigation. It is an educated guess about the answer to a specific
question.
- Hypotheses are always stated in declarative sentence.

Types of Hypotheses

1. Null Hypotheses (H0) is a denial of an existence of an attribute, a


relationship or a difference of an effect. It is always stated in negative form.

2. Alternative Hypotheses (H1) is an affirmation of the existence of an


observed phenomenon. It is the opposite extreme of null hypotheses because
this is always stated in positive form.
Problem:
Is there any significant difference between the perceptions of the teachers
and those of the students concerning the different aspects in the teaching of
science?

Alternative Hypotheses:
There is a significant difference between the perceptions of the
teachers and those of the students concerning the different
aspects in the teaching of science.

Null Hypotheses:
There is no significant difference between the perceptions of
the teachers and those of the students concerning the different
aspects in the teaching of science.

E. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

- The SCOPE describes the coverage of the study. It specifies what is covered
in terms of concept, number of subjects or the population included in the
study, as well as the timeline when the study was conducted.
- DELIMIT by citing factors or variables that are not to be included and the
boundary in terms of time frame, number of subjects, participants or
respondents who are excluded.

Example:
The main purpose of the study is to provide information regarding metro-
sexuality and how being a metro-sexual affects the lifestyle of the student.
The student considers the student’s personal information such as their name
(optional), gender, age and section.

The researchers limited the study to 80 male and female secondary


education students enrolled in the second semester of the school year 2015 –
2016 of Technological Institute of the Philippines. Each of the respondents
was given a questionnaire to answer. The students selected came from four
different sections to prevent bias and get objective perception.

F. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

- It begins with an introductory statement and must identify who will benefit
from the study.

G. DEFINITION OF TERMS

- It defines important terms used in the study.

Guidelines in defining terms:

1. Only terms, words, or phrases which have special or unique meanings in


the study are defined.
2. Terms should be defined operationally.
3. Terms should be alphabetically.
4. Definitions may be taken from encyclopedias, books, magazines and
newspaper arranged articles, dictionaries and other publications but the
researcher must acknowledge his sources
5. Definitions should be as brief and clear as possible.
6. Acronyms should always be spelled out fully especially if it is not
commonly known or if it is used for the first time.

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