Soal Bahasa Inggris Kelas XI tentang “Explanation Text”

EXPLANATION

Acid rain is rain that is highly acidic because of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and other air
pollutants dissolved in it. Normal rain is slightly acidic, with a pH of 6. Acid rain may have a
pH value as low as 2.8.

Acid rain can severely damage both plant and animal life. Certain lakes, for example, have
lost all fish and plant life because of acid rain.
Acid rain comes from sulfur in coal and oil. When they burn, they make sulfur dioxide
(SO2 ). Most sulfur leaves factory chimneys as the gaseous sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) and most
nitrogen are also emitted as one of the nitrogen oxides (NO or NO2 ), both of which are
gasses. The gasses may be dry deposited–absorbed directly by the land, by lakes or by the
surface vegetation. If they are in the atmosphere for anytime, the gasses will oxidize (gain an
oxygen atom) and go into solution as acids. Sulphuric acid (H2 SO4 ) and the nitrogen oxides
will become nitric acid (HNO3 ). The acids usually dissolve in cloud droplets and may travel
great distances before being precipitated as acid rain. Catalysts such as hydrogen peroxide,
ozone, and ammonium help promote the formation of acids in clouds. More ammonium
(NH4 ) can be formed when some of the acids are partially neutralized by airborne ammonia
(NH3 ). Acidification increases with the number of active hydrogen (H+) ions dissolved in
acid. Hydrocarbons emitted by, for example, car exhausts will react in sunlight with nitrogen
oxides to produce ozone. Although it is invaluable in the atmosphere, low-level ozone causes
respiratory problems and also hastens the formation of acid rain. When acid rain falls on the
ground it dissolves and liberates heavy metals and aluminum (Al). When it is washed into
lakes, aluminum irritates the outer surfaces of many fish. As acid rain falls or drains into the
lake the pH of the lake falls. Forests suffer the effect of acid rain through damage to leaves,
through the loss of vital nutrients, and through the increased amounts of toxic metals
liberated by acid, which damage roots and soil microorganisms.

1.    What is the text mainly about?

A.    The definition of acid rain.
B.     The process of acid rain.
C.     The effect of acid rain.
D.    Acid rain.
E.     Rain.

2.      The acid of normal rain is … then the acid rain.

A.    higher
B.     lower
C.     denser
D.    severer
E.     the same

3.      The third paragraph tells about ….

A.    acid rain damages environment
B.     how acid rain endangers life
C.     how acid rain occurs
D.    the cause of acid rain
E.     the acid rain cause

4.      What is the result of the burning of the coal and oil?

A.    ammonium
B.     nitric acid
C.     sulphuric acid
D.    sulfur dioxide
E.     airborne ammonia
5.      The sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides will …. in the air.
A.    be absorbed directly by the vegetation
B.     dissolved in the lake water and land
C.     emit another sulfur gas
D.    radiate an oxygen atom
E.     gain an oxygen atom

6.      Which of the following is not true about acid rain?

A.    It contains lower pH than the normal rain.
B.     It has higher pH than the normal rain
C.     It can damage animal and plant life.
D.    It contains dangerous gasses.
E.     It endangers water life.

Bahasa Inggris Explanation Text

 

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food

is needed to build up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However, the food that we take
must be changed into substances that can be carried in the blood to the places where they are
needed. This process is called digestion.
The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small
pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva
contain digestive juices which moisten the food, so it can be swallowed easily.
From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into stomach. Here,
the food is mixed with juices secreted by the cells in stomach for several hours. Then the food enters
the small intestine. All time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the
onwards.
In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic
branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

7. The purpose of the text is …..

a. To explain the process involved in digestion

b. To inform the readers about important part of human body

c. To entertain or amuse the readers

d. To persuade people that men have millions of cells

e. To give a description about esophagus and villi

8. What is “digestion” mean?

a. The process of replacing worn out cells

b. The process of changing food into substances that can be carried in the
blood
 c. The process of building up new cells

d. The process of taking food into our mouth

e. The process of providing energy for each cell

9. What is the first digestive juices?

a. Esophagus c. Saliva e. intestine

b. Glands d. Enzymes

10. “The digestive system begins as soon as we put the food into the mouth.”
This information can be found in paragraph  ……
a. One and three c. Three e. One

b. Four d. Two

11. “These are soon absorbed by the villi” (Paragraph 4)

The underlined word refers to …..
a. Juices c. Foodstuff e. Acids

b. Cells d. Villi      
 
Recycling is a collection, processing, and reuse of materials that would otherwise be thrown
away. Materials ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to plastic spoons,
can be recycled. The recycling process reclaims the original material and uses it in new products.
In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less energy
than using new materials. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing the demand for
high-pollution alternatives or by minimizing the amount of pollution produced during the
manufacturing process.
Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard containers, wrapping paper, and office
paper. The most commonly recycled paper product is newsprint. In newspaper recycling, old
newspapers are collected and searched for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminum foil. The
paper goes to a processing plant where it is mixed with hot water and turned into pulp in a machine
that works much like a big kitchen blender. The pulp is screened and filtered to remove smaller
contaminants. The pulp then goes to a large vat where the ink separates from the paper fibers and fl
oats to the surface. The ink is skimmed off, dried and reused as ink or burned as boiler fuel. The
cleaned pulp is mixed with new wood fibers to be made into paper again.
Experts estimate the average office worker generates about 5 kg of wastepaper per month.
Every ton of paper that is recycled saves about 1.4 cu m (about 50 cu ft) of landfill space. One ton of
recycled paper saves 17 pulpwood trees (trees used to produce paper).

12. The following things can be recycled, EXCEPT....

a. precious metals
b. broken glass
c. old newspapers
d. plastic spoons
e. fresh vegetables and fruits

13.   Which of the following is NOT the benefit of recycling?

a. It costs much money for the process of recycling
b. It costs less to make new products.
c. It requires less energy.
d. It can reduce pollution.
e. It reduces the demand for high-pollution alternatives.

14. What is the third step of recycling paper products?

a. Collect and search for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminium foil.
b. Mix the paper with hot water in a blender which turns it into pulp.
c. Screen and filter the pulp to remove smaller contaminants.
d. Put the pulp to a large vat to separate the ink from the paper fibres.
e. Mix the pulp with new wood fibres to be made into paper again.

15.   We can make use of the ink after being separated from the paper fibres by doing the followings,
      EXCEPT....
a. Skim it off.
b. Dry it.
c. Reuse as ink.
d. Burn as boiler fuel.