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Why Do We Need Output Stages: Text: Chapter 5

The source follower circuit is identified as a likely output stage because it can provide higher power and swing than a single-transistor circuit while maintaining low distortion. However, the source follower has limitations in output swing. Therefore, the inverter and push-pull output stages are introduced, which can achieve full rail-to-rail output swing without crossover distortion through the use of complementary pull-up and pull-down transistors. The push-pull stage provides even higher power efficiency than the source follower for driving loads.

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76 views5 pages

Why Do We Need Output Stages: Text: Chapter 5

The source follower circuit is identified as a likely output stage because it can provide higher power and swing than a single-transistor circuit while maintaining low distortion. However, the source follower has limitations in output swing. Therefore, the inverter and push-pull output stages are introduced, which can achieve full rail-to-rail output swing without crossover distortion through the use of complementary pull-up and pull-down transistors. The push-pull stage provides even higher power efficiency than the source follower for driving loads.

Uploaded by

林宏儒
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Why do we need output stages

Output Stages

Text: Chapter 5

Question: Of the 1-transistor circuits we looked at earlier,


which one is a likely output stage?
EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-1 EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-2

Quick review of amplifier classifications Output Stage Metrics – Power, Swing

• Current is always flowing • Transistor is in


• Transistor operates
through amplifier, i.e., cutoff for Vin = 0
just above cutoff
transistor in never in • Lower power
cutoff • May have some
consumption
crossover distortion
• Higher power • Suffers from
consumption crossover distortion
• Typically, low distortion
Other classes such as C exist, but won’t be dealt with here Other feature often seen: Overload protection
EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-3 EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-4

1
Source Follower Output Swing

Question: Why do we connect the current source to –VDD?

EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-5 EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-6

Analysis of source-follower output stage Analysis of source follower output stage


Current Source Design Source Follower design
Since pull-up is achieved using
M1, we have:

Since pull-down is achieved


using M2, we have:

EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-7 EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-8

2
Efficiency of Source Follower Efficiency of source follower (sine wave signal)

• Remember that:

Remember, IQ*RL must


be <VDD

EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-9 EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-10

Voltage Offset in Source Follower Inverter Output Stage


• As is apparent from the previous analysis, the source follower
• Remember, the output of the voltage of the source follower output stage is limited in output swing
will necessarily be lower than the input voltage
• This leads us to the inverter output stage:

EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-11 EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-12

3
Analysis Analysis
Load transistor analysis (M2) Drive transistor analysis (M1)

Then, M1 is in linear

Current Source analysis (M3) Now, IDS,M1 = IDS,M2 - VOUT-/RL = 2*IQ (assuming symmetry in swing)

EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-13 EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-14

Push-Pull Output Stage Crossover distortion in basic Push-Pull


• Since VOUT+ is provided by M1 and VOUT- is provided by
M2, there is a region around GND in which VOUT is zero

EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-15 EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-16

4
Removal of crossover distortion Removal of crossover distortion
• The left-hand-side of the
circuit behaves like a
level-shifter, shifting the
NMOS imput to avoid the
“dead zone”

EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-17 EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-18

Efficiency of Push-Pull

EE140 – Vivek Subramanian Slide 5-19

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