Percentage

20 1 4
20%= =.2= =
100 5 20
If ratio is same then percentage remains same.
Total quantity or number (in its own) is always 100%.
In cricket Batsman’s strike rate is runs scored per 100 balls and per 100
means percentage.
Example: If a batsman scores 100 runs on 100 balls means his strike rate
is 100(100%).
If a batsman scores 20 runs on 20 balls means his strike rate is
100(100%).

Need of %
Suppose there are 2 friends A & B
Who is better?: A got 75 marks and B got 45

45 75
100
60
45 75
100
50
45 75
100 100

Percentage gives idea about QUALITY and NOT QUANTITY.

Percentage to Number Number to Percentage

Divide by 100 Multiply by 100
20 1.2 = 1.2×100 = 120%
20% =
100
Find the value of
(i) 14.28% of 735
(ii) 9.09% of 385
Percentage Fraction relationship
1
= 14.2857%= 0.142857 ,
7
2
=28.5714%=0.285714
7
3
 42.8571%  0.428571 and so on.
7

1 1
= 0.5 = 0.2
2 5
1 1
= 0.25  0.04
4 25
1 1
= 0.125 = 0.008
8 125

1 1
10% = 1% =
10 100
10% of 250 = 1% of 200=

10% of 72= 1% of 680=

10% of 8.6= 1% of 9.2 =

There are 3 types of questions:
A×B
1. A% of B =
100

30% of 80 =

6% of 400 =

42.84% of 196 =

Ans 24, 24, 84

Anant got 30% of the maximum marks and failed by 10 marks. If

maximum marks are 150 then find passing marks?

Soln: 30% of 150+10 = pass marks

45+10 = 55
 A
2. A is what % of B = ×100
B

10 is what % of 40?

26 is what % of 117?

45 is what % of 120?

Price of an Iphone in a sale is $200, which is 20% of Aman’s pocket

money. Aman’s pocket Money is:

Ans: 25, 22.22, 37.5, 1000

Q. 3 is what % of 28?
A. 10.5 B. 11.5 C. 9.7 D. 12.4

Soln: 10% of 28 = 2.8

1% of 28 = 0.28
11% of 28 = 3.08
Answer is 10.5%
 3. % Change (More than /Less than)
|A-B|
A is what % less or more than B = ×100%
B

A = 70 B = 90
A is what % less than B =

B is what % more than A =

Ans 22.22, 28.56

Alpha earns $8000 and Beta earns 25% more than Alpha. Find salary of
Beta?

Soln: 8000+25%8000 = 8000+2000 = 10000

MULTIPLYING FACTOR(MF)
MF = (1± %)
For increase
MF = (1+%)
For decrease
MF = (1-%)
MF for +30% =
MF for +200% =
MF for +5% =
MF for -67% =
MF for -7% =
MF for -98% =
MF for +340%=
Percentage MF
+30% 1+0.3 = 1.3
+200% 1+2 = 3
+340% 1+3.4 = 4.4
-98% 1-0.98 = 0.02
-7% 1-0.07 = 0.93
-67% 1-0.67 = 0.33
+5% 1+0.05 = 1.05
+800% 1+8 = 9
-59% 1-0.59 = 0.41
+126% 1+1.26=2.26
Price of an Article is $50 in January. In the month of February it becomes
1.2 times of itself. Find percentage Increase?

Soln: FV = IV ×1.2
Here, MF = 1.2 = 1+.2, implies 20% increase.

Salary of A becomes 9/8 times of his previous salary. By how much

percent his salary has been increased?

9
Soln: FV= IV×
8
9 1
Here, MF = = 1+
8 8
Therefore, increase is 12.5%.
 Change FV-IV
Percentage Change = ×100 = ×100
IV IV

%change in the sales of MARUTI from 2005 to 2007

When a positive number x is multiplied by the same number then
resulting number is what percent more than the original number.
(A) (x-1) % (B) (x-1) ×100% (C) (x+1) % (D) (x+1) × 100%

Soln IV = x, FV = x 2

FV x 2
MF = = = x = {1+(x-1)}
IV x
Percentage increase = (x-1)100%
Successive Percentage
When a number is first increased by 20% and then again increased by
30% find overall %change?

Soln: Let initial number is 100

100 ------ 100+20=120--------120+36 =156
100 becomes 156 implies 56% increase.
Or
MF1×MF2 =1.2×1.3 = 1.56
Final MF = 1.56 = 1+.56
If radius of a circle increases by 40% then what is the % change in the
Circumference and area of the circle?

Soln (i) Circumference = 2πr

Therefore, 40%
(ii). AREA =πR 2 = π×R×R = π×1.4×1.4 = 1.96π
MF = 1.96 = 1+.96, implies 96% increase.
Q. The rate of inflation in country is 100 % p.a.. Cost of an Article is 6$
now then what will be the cost of the article two year from now?
(Inflation means general increase in Price level)

Soln: IV ×MF1×MF2 = FV
FV = 6×(1+1)×(1+1) = 24
 Quant Comparison
Q.
Quantity A Quantity B
x% of y% of z y% of z% of x

Soln:
x y y z
Quantity A = × ×z and Quantity B = × ×x
100 100 100 100
Ans C
Q.
Quantity A Quantity B
19.9% of 85 17

Solution: 20% of 85 = 2×8.5 = 17

Ans B
If the price of petrol decreases by 25%, then by how much percent a user
should increase his consumption so that his expenditure on petrol remains
constant?

Soln: Expenditure = Quantity × Rate

 1 3
Let initial price = p, then final price = 1-  p = p
 4 4
4
Let initial rate = r, then final r should be r
3
4 3
× =1
3 4
4 1
MF = = 1+
3 3
1
= 33.33% increase
3
Q.12% is what % less than 16%?

Percentage points: Difference between 2 percentage values.

16% is 4% points more than 12%.

Note: When a number is increased by x% and then decreased by x% then

x2
overall = %decrease
100
2
In a cricket match India beat Australia by 2 runs. If Sachin scores 22 %
9
of the total score of India then which of the following can be the score of
India ?(Mark all the correct answers)
(A) 306 (B) 308 (C) 317 (D) 328 (E) 351 (F) 389

2 2
Soln: Sachin scored 22 % runs = ×Total runs
9 9
Total runs should be multiple of 9. Answer : (A) and (E)
1. What % is 1.25 of 10?
2. Alpha earns $8000 and Beta earns 25% more than Alpha. Find salary
of Beta?
3. Salary of Lisa, in the year 2020 is $10000. Next year, it will increase
by 200%. What will be her salary in 2021.
4. Price of an Iphone in a sale was $200, which was 20% 0f your pocket
money. What is your pocket Money?
5. In a Class, there were 200 students. In 3rd lecture, 48 students moved
to conference hall. What % of students are still in the class?
6. Anant got 30% of the maximum marks and failed by 10 marks. If
maximum marks are 150 then find passing marks?
7. In a class 40% are boys and remaining are girls. Among boys 20%
passed the exam and among girls 40% passed the exam. What is the pass
percentage of entire class?
8. Price of an Article is $50 in January. In the month of February it
becomes 1.2 times of itself. Find percentage Increase?
9. Stock value of Prakash is 0.92 times of Hiren then stock value of
Prakash is what percent less than that of Hiren?
10. Salary of A becomes 9/8 times of his previous salary. By how much
percent his salary has been increased?
11. When someone increases salary of Hitesh by 83.33 % then it becomes
121k then find the original salary of Hitesh?
12. Donut company increases his production each month by 100 count. In
the Month of January 2020, the production was 800k. In which month of
the year 2020, percentage increase in production will be lowest?
13. 12% is what % less than 16%?
14. Akshay and Anand have their salary in the ratio of 5:8 then Anand’s
salary is what percent more than that of Akshay?
15. Amit has 12.5% share value less than Bhavesh, then Bhavesh’s share
value is what percent more than that of Amit?
16. If the price of petrol increases by 25%, then by how much percent a
user cut down his consumption so that his expenditure on petrol remains
constant?
17. From 1998 to 1999 the percentage increase in male population was
20% and from 1999 to 2000 it decreases by 10% and Male population of
a city in year 2000 is 1.08 million. Then what was the male population of
the city in 1998?
18. The rate of inflation in country is 100 % p.a.. Cost of an Article is 6$
now then what will be the cost of the article two year from now?
(Inflation means general increase in Price level)
19. If radius of a circle increases by 40% then what is the % change in the
Circumference and area of the circle?
20. In a car showroom 20% of the cars are red, 25% of the remaining are
blue and the rest are black. If there are 720 black car in the showroom
then find the total number of cars in the showroom?
21. When a positive number x is multiplied by the same number then
resulting number is what percent more than the original number.
(A) (x-1) % (B) (x-1) * 100% (C) (x+1) % (D) (x+1) * 100%
22. If 400 is increased by 20%, and then reduced by y%, yielding 432
then find y?
23. In a cricket match India beat Australia by 2 runs. If Sachin scores
2
22 % of the total score of India then which of the following can be the
9
score of India?(Mark all the correct answers)
(A) 306 (B) 308 (C) 317 (D) 328 (E) 351 (F) 389
24. Quantity A Quantity B
x% of y% of z y% of z% of x
25. Quantity A Quantity B
19.9% of 85 17