OPERATING MANUAL FOR

4 CHANNEL

EARTH LEAKAGE DETECTOR

RDSO/SPN/256/2002

Mfd. by :

RELIANCE ELECTRICALS
THANE.
Tel-Fax : 022-25854225
reliance206@gmail.com

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 Contents

INTRODUCTION 3
DESIGN 3
INSULATION RESISTANCE 4
LEAKAGE RESISTANCE 4
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION 5
FAULT INDICATIONS 5
CONTROLS AND INDICATIONS OF EACH CHANNEL MODULE 6
CONTROLS AND INDICATIONS OF MAIN MODULE 6
MAIN TERMINAL STRIP DETAILS (REAR SIDE) 7
CHANNEL TERMINAL STRIP DETAILS (REAR SIDE) 7
INSTALLATION 8
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 8
FOR NON-IPS TYPE POWER SUPPLY 9
FOR IPS TYPE POWER SUPPLY 9
TESTING OF INSULATION WITH CABLE INSULATION TESTER 10
INSTALLATION DIAGRAM FOR AC CHANNELS 11
INSTALLATION DIAGRAM FOR DC CHANNELS 12

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 INTRODUCTION
The Earth Leakage Detector monitors the insulation resistance of a non-earthed
single or three phase AC & DC networks. It can monitor four different AC or DC
supplies. Insulation faults are also detected in a network with loads fed via
rectifiers or thyristors.

Customer has to specify voltage (AC/DC) of the supply to be monitored.

This ELD has been designed for preventive maintenance of system insulation by
monitoring its ‘On-line’ condition. It monitors and reads the insulation of all the
cables and loads connected with power supply AC or DC (bus bar) in the form
Of leakage resistance. It measures ‘On line insulation’ (Leakage Resistance)
directly on LCD meter.
It can also measure actual value of the insulation resistance of the signaling circuit
during un-energised (OFF Line) condition through a built-in Cable Insulation
Tester.

Design
Construction: The detector has vermin proof sheet metal case with detachable
covers. It is suitable for mounting in 19 inch rack and Siemens type 21 inch racks.

The individual detecting circuit is plug in type.

Basic unit comprises of two instruments in 19 inch sub rack:
• 4-Channel ELD for use on signaling circuits of 110V/60V/24V/12V in AC
or DC – Online
• Cable Insulation Tester (CIT) - Off line

All channels of ELD and Cable Insulation Tester have a common Meter. If all the
4 channels are not in use then extra channels can be switched off. Switch is
provided on rear side of the detector.

For More than 4-channels, say 8, 12 or 16 channels, add-on units of 4-

channels can be attached together.
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Various control and indications are provided on the front plates of the ‘Channel
module’ and ‘Main module’ (Cable Insulation Tester), the details of which are
under ‘Controls and Indications’.
On opening the rear panel of ELD, two types of terminal strips are seen as shown
above. The first is an 8way MAIN STRIP which is common for all channels. It has
tapings for connecting 110 V or 230 V AC supply. The second terminal strip or the
CHANNEL STRIP (7way) is separate for each channel. It has various connections
which are shown in fig.

Insulation resistance
Insulation is the property of insulated material and can be measured in off line
condition.

Leakage resistance
Leakage is also property of insulated material and can be measured in on line
condition.
On line System Insulation of Signaling system with respect to Earth = Insulation of
Power Supply + Insulation of Control circuits + Insulation of Cables + Insulation
of loads (all in parallel) = Leakage Resistance For example if
Insulation of power supply (w.r.t Earth) =Rp
Insulation of one cable pair (w.r.t Earth) =Rc
Insulation of one load (any) (w.r.t Earth) =Rs
Then total insulation of (pair + load) R1=1/Rc+1/Rs
If we have ‘n’ such circuits in our system and when all such circuits are working
on common power supply (called bus bar), they all are in parallel and equivalent
parallel Insulation Resistance, will be given by the formula.
1/R=1/Rp+1/R1+1/R2+-----1/Rn.

Where R is equivalent parallel Insulation Resistance.

This value of Insulation Resistance in parallel is called as On line System
Insulation or Leakage Resistance.

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 Principle of operation
Earth Leakage Detector measures on line insulation (Leakage Resistance) directly
on LCD meter. Measurement Principle is based on superimposition of a DC
measuring voltage. ELD constantly monitors and measures Leakage Resistance of
Bus Bar with respect to Earth in online condition. Leakage Resistance can be read
on meter.
When Leakage Resistance value drops below preset alarm value, fault is detected;
which is either announced as audio and/or visual alarm. Fault can be recorded by
counter / Data logger. Preset alarm value can be set anywhere between 2K to 1M
(Factory setting on 2K).

Fault Indications
Earth Leakage Detector has twin indicating arrangements:

(i) Through direct display of leakage resistance value on a LCD on main panel
equivalent to the resistance in the circuit from 10meg ohms to nearly dead short
(about 900ohms) resistance. The meter is common for all channels and Cable
Insulation Tester.

(ii) By way of lighting a RED LED on Channel Module front plate, labeled
FAULT and initiation of an audible alarm which operates as per pre
adjusted leakage limit. This arrangement is provided for alerting the
maintenance staff to take suitable measures well in advance.

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Controls and indications of each Channel Module
Description Function
Glows in case leakage resistance goes below set
FAULT LED
value or Busbar absent or any of two Earth open
Glows in normal condition without any of above
NORMAL LED
fault
PUSH
TO SET
BUSBAR
Glows in case Busbar supply is present
PRESENT LED
Push to check Alarm setting value on LCD.
Continuously variable device below circular lid is
ALARM SETTING ALARM
used to set leakage resistance value below which
SETTING
ELD will announce fault. Press P.B. switch &
(Push switch &
variable device simultaneously to store alarm
variable device)
setting.

Re-energises detector relay only after fault is

RESET FAULT TOTALISER RESET push
rectified
button
Counter increments after each RESET operation
FAULT
TOTALIZER

Controls and indications of Main Module

Description Function
EARTH LEAKAGE DETECTOR (i) Selects Any one channel
from 1 to 4 for meter reading
RDSO/SPN/256/2002 CHANNEL
only. (monitoring of system
SELECTOR
of all 4 channels is continuous
16x2 LCD ROTARY
irrespective of channel
SWITCH
selector position)
LEAKAGE RESISTANCE (ii) Insulation resistance meter
CH -3
Reads bus bar to earth leakage
CABLE PAIR
CH-2 CH-4 ENERGISED or insulation resistance as per
CH-1 INSUL ATION LCD METER
the position of selector
TEST
switch
LOW
INSULATION ALARM
POWER CHANNEL To stop the buzzer sound
ON SELECTOR ACCEPT PB
‘POWER Glows when the mains is
ON’(RED LED) connected to the instrument
E
To connect cable sheath or
EARTH
ALARM POWER B/Bx N/Nx earth of selected pair of cable
ACCEPT RESET
PAIR ON when cable pair
ENERGISED connected to circuit
(RED LED) (Measurement not possible)
LOW ON when insulation
INSULATION resistance is lower than
(RED LED) 10Kohms otherwise OFF.

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 Main terminal strip details (Rear side)
REMOTE
Parallel to Alarm Accept switch on Main panel
ALARM
ACCEPT Parallel to Alarm Accept switch on Main panel
REMOTE +Ve To connect 24V buzzer at a distance away from ELD
BUZZER
-Ve To connect 24V buzzer at a distance away from ELD
230V AC Mains supply 230V L
AC SUPPLY
WORKING

110V AC Mains supply 110V

0V AC Mains supply neutral
GND Cabinet body

Channel terminal strip details (Rear Side)

CH
ON
Channel ON-OFF switch

Bx / + Busbar of supply to be monitored

Nx / - Busbar of supply to be monitored
E1 Earth1
E2 Earth2
P Potential free contact for data logger pole
NO Potential free contact for data logger normally open
NC Potential free contact for data logger normally short

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 Installation
• Open the rear panel
• Loop together all the terminals marked E1 on channel strips with a suitable
wire
• Loop together all terminals marked E2 of channel strips
• Mount the ELD on the Relay Rack/ CT Rack in Relay Room
• Connect AC/DC bus bar to Bx/+ and Nx/- terminals of relevant channel strip
• Connect E1 & E2 to separate earths. In case of ring earth connect E1 & E2,
with two separate wires. DO NOT SHORT CIRCUIT E1 & E2 on terminals
side
• Connect one conductor from instrument ground on main terminal strip to
relay rack
• Connect buzzer to REMOTE BUZZER terminals of Main terminal strip with
extended buzzer wires
• Connect a simple push switch (door bell type) to REMOTE MUTE terminals
on extended wires
• Connect P of each channel to the Data Logger digital common
• Connect NO of each channel to the empty points at Tag Block. (In normal
condition of ELD P & NO remain short and in Fault condition P & NO
remain open)
• Finally connect the instrument with available power of 230V AC or 110V
AC to the terminals marked ‘230V~’ and ‘110V~’ on main terminal strip.
‘0’ is marked for neutral

Operating instructions
• After the instrument is given Power, switch ON the connected channels from
the rear side toggle switch near terminal strip.
• Check the Leakage resistance on the Meter panel, one by one for each
channel after selecting through the Channel selector.
• In case the meter reading of a channel is below 2K continuously then take
action as follows:

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For non-IPS type power supply
• Check earth connections. The resistance between two Earths should be < 10
Ohms.
• If this is an AC Channel it should be connected to the Bus-bar.
• The above two conditions also cause FAULT Indication even if the Leakage
conditions are alright
• If it is observed that on the panel meter the reading comes down to less than
2K, improves for some time and again falls down to 2K after sometime
• In such cases investigate during operation, for which particular circuit (bus-
bar) the Leakage resistance reading becomes < 2K.By ascertaining this we
can locate low insulation pair/pairs with the help of Insulation Tester (part of
ELD)

In case the reading remains continuously <2K or 2K, investigate as

follows –
• For AC Bus bar remove transformer Earth connection and check ELD meter
reading for improvement in Leakage resistance
• For DC BUS BAR remove charger’s Earth connection and check ELD meter
reading for improvement in Leakage resistance
• If reading remains <2K then remove Battery Bank (Both connections) and
check ELD meter reading for improvement in Leakage resistance
• If meter reading remains <2K, (AC or DC busbar) perform all the operations
of the associated BUS BAR
• During any operation if leakage reading becomes >2K, note that operation.
• Now with the help of insulation tester find out low insulation pair/pairs

For IPS type power supply

In case the bus-bar supplies are taken directly from the IPS and the leakage is
below 2K continuously then change that module of the IPS and check leakage
reading on ELD. If it is not possible to change the module, check the current to
the load (On IPS Amp meter) and compare it with similar load condition in
another same station. If there is a large difference (about 2 times), then be sure
that the leakage condition is caused by the IPS system. To ensure this, check all
conductor pairs associated with this IPS module with the help of Insulation
Tester.

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Testing of insulation with Cable Insulation Tester
• Connect earth lead (GREEN) on EARTH terminal
• Connect measuring leads (RED) to TEST
• Keep Channel Selector switch in INSULATION TEST position
• Touch RED leads to GREEN lead, LCD meter will show ‘poor insulation’
Red LED (Leakage below set value) start glowing. It shows that instrument
is working properly
• Now connect earth lead probe (GREEN) to cable sheath or earth.
• Touch measuring lead probes (RED) to outgoing cable pair on CT rack
whose insulation is to be tested
• If the pair is energized, Red LED (PAIR ENERGISED) will start glowing
and meter will not show any reading. Connect to another pair, if Red LED
does not glow and meter shows a reading then this is the insulation
resistance of the pair
• By repeating this procedure we can find insulation of all pairs.
• In case any energized pair is to be measured, follow proper procedure for
disconnection
• Remove both links and measure the insulation
• After detecting low insulation pair/pairs, Meggering of that pair can be done

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Installation Diagram for AC Channels

11
Installation Diagram for DC Channels

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