BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT

ON

BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESIDENTIAL

BUIDING
SUBMITTED

TO

SANJAY GHODAWAT UNIVERSITY KOLHAPUR

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE DEGREE

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

BY

Under the guidance of

Prof. A.S.Manjrekar

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SANJAY GHODAWAT UNIVERSITY

Kolhapur- 416118.

2020-21
Dept. of Civil Engg., Sanjay Ghodawat University, Atigre, Kolhapur. Page
BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT

ON

BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESIDENTIAL

BUIDING
SUBMITTED
TO
SANJAY GHODAWAT UNIVERSITY KOLHAPUR
IN
PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

BY

Roll No. 62 KHUSHAL MAHENDRA

GULECHHA

Under the guidance of

Prof. A.S.Manjrekar

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SANJAY GHODAWAT UNIVERSITY

Kolhapur, Maharashtra

2020-21

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

SANJAY GHODAWAT UNIVERSITY

Department of Civil Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled

“BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESIDENTIAL

BUIDING”

Submitted by

Roll No. 62 Khushal Mahendra Gulechha

is a bonafied work carried out by the above mentioned students under the guidance if Prof.
A.S.Manjrekar and it has been completed successfully.

Guide
(A.S.Manjrekar)

Head of Department
(Dr. A.D. Katdare)

Date:
Place:

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

Declaration of honesty and integrity by student

I declare that this Internship project report which is submitted for partial
fulfillment for the degree of Civil Engineering for Sanjay Ghodawat
University, Kolhapur is presented in my own words and where other’s ideas
or words have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the
original sources. I also declare that I have adhered to all principles of
academic honesty and integrity and have not misinterpreted or fabricated or
falsified any idea/data/fact/source in my submission. I understand that any
violation of the above cause for disciplinary action by the institute ad can also
evoke penal action from sources which have not been properly cited or from
whom proper permission has not been taken when needed.

Sign:

Name: Khushal Mahendra Gulechha

Roll No: 62

Class: FINAL YEAR B.TECH (CIVIL ENGINEERING)

Division: B

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

Abstract

Bar bending schedule (which is also known as BBS) provides steel or

reinforcement calculation of the drawing. BBS gives cutting length of
reinforcement, type of bend in the reinforcement, bend length of the
reinforcement, total weight of the reinforcement or steel required at a
particular site. Bar Bending Schedule is very important and is a little
though when drawings are complicated but it is a very important work
on site where execution of certain work is to be performed.

 Bar is any type of rebar which is used as a reinforcement in

RCC.
 The bar may be a mild steel bar or HYSD bar or TMT Bar.
 Bar Bending Schedule is termed as “Calculation of the total
Steel required for the construction of a building”.
 We use steel to make concrete to be reinforced and for tension
requirements.

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

Table of contents
Cover page i
Certificate from University ii
Declaration by student iii
Abstract iv
Chapter 1 Introduction 07
1.1 General 07
1.2 Preparation 08
1.3 Procedure for Preparing BBS 09
1.4 Concepts in BBS 14
1.5 Advantages 18
Chapter 2 Literature Review 19
2.1 Introduction/Preamble 19
2.2 Case Study 20
2.3 AutoCad Plan Layout 24
2.4 Case Study Of Project 26
Chapter 3 Site Visit 42
3.1 Visiting To Factory 42
3.2 Calculation of Structural Elements 47
Chapter 4 Results 50
4.1 Discussion 50
4.2 Scope for future work 51
Chapter 5 Conclusion 52
5.1 Conclusion 52

References 53

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 General

Bar bending is a process of cutting and bending reinforcement steel into shapes
as suggested by the structural engineer for various structural elements like Slab,
Beam, Column, Footing etc.

Bar Bending Schedule is a list details of bent reinforcement bars used in any given
structural concrete (RCC) element. The list contains bar mark, its diameter, length,
shape and weight. Bar bending schedule is used by site engineers/home owners
to estimate the quantities of various diameters of bars used in a construction,
perform bar bending at site, and check the reinforcement work done by the
contractor. Bar Bending Schedule, commonly referred to as “BBS” is a
comprehensive list that describes the location, mark, type, size, length and
number, and bending details of each bar or fabric in a Reinforcement Drawing of a
Structure. This process of listing the location, type and size, number of and all
other details is called “Scheduling”. In context of Reinforcement bars, it is called
bar scheduling. In short, Bar Bending Schedule is a way of organizing rebars for
each structural unit, giving detailed reinforcement requirements.

Preparation of highly detailed reinforcement drawing and bar bending schedule is

an essential requirement in the construction field, all over the world except in
India!! With this we can achieve a high level of quality control at site and will be
advantageous in various aspects of construction.

Unlike the practice of doing reinforcement cutting and bending in a separate

workshop, as in Nigeria, based on the bar bending schedule prepared by
engineers in the design office, the practice in India has been doing reinforcement
cutting and bending at the site only which is based on the bar bending schedule
prepared at site by site engineers or supervisors.

In the present construction industry, the preparation of the bar bending schedule
for the reinforcement work is by site engineers or the supervisors which is being
done in India is becoming a bad practice. Due to lack of quality supervisors and
unskilled labours in the site, our quality control in bar bending and laying is not up
to the standard. Also proper cutting of bars is not done which results in cutting
wastage .The fact is that the site engineers or the supervisors are not fully aware
of all the design considerations that was made for the project, regarding the
anchoring, curtailment and lapping of reinforcement bars and their positions,

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particularly in respect of ductile detailing for earthquake-resistant structures. So

these schedules are to be prepared by the engineers in the design office only.

In the use of high grade concrete and steel, quality plays a major role. In order to
prepare the bar bending schedule, the design office can have the information from
site about the stock lists for bar diameters and their lengths available at the site.
Fe 500 bars cannot be bend acutely as we bend the Fe 415 bars. Also there are
rebending considerations to be followed. Proper scheduling, & bending with a
mechanized system ensures this required quality level.

Let us focus on the detailed drawing to be done for reinforcement detailing (rebar)
in reinforced cement concrete construction. Here rebars are drawn to 5mm
accuracy as per the detailing rules in IS or British codes. The cost of a rebar shop
drawing production can be in the range of Rs 3.5 to Rs 5 per square feet
considering the quality standards maintained, whereas the advantages can be Rs
80- Rs 100/- as shown below. Thus 1 lakh square feet structure shop drawing
preparation can save you about Rs 80 lakh. It is sad to know that every builder is
loosing this amount in most of his projects.

This accuracy gives us, what you see is what you get format (WYS WYG), or in
other words photo like drawings of the reinforcement layout. Every bar is marked
with different number, at the same time providing the same number for the same
type of bars. A schedule is prepared with all types of bars counted and sorted. So
details of every bar can be seen in the schedule. This is called bar bending
schedule system (BBS).

This schedule can be used to cut and bend the bars to the required shape in a cut
and bend factory and also in a site. As the steel can be cut and can be brought to
the site in a readymade form, Author would like to call it ready mix steel as like our
favorite ready mix concrete.

1.2 Preparation-

Preparation of bar bending schedule should no haphazard operation. It should

began with the approximate study of the reinforcement detailing drawings. All
inconsistencies or error (such as repeated bar marks for different types of bars)
discovered in the drawings should be reported to the detailer, because as
practically as possible, the details of the structural drawings and the bar bending
schedule should be synchronized.

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The major check lists before the commencement of bar bending schedule includes
but not limited to the following:
1. Check the concrete cover to each face.
2. Check the lapping length for tensions and compression bars of each
structural elements.
3. Check the direction of bends of each bars.
4. Group each structural unit and floor by floor. For ex- all ground floor
element must be schedule before proceeding to net floor and all footing
must be finished before proceeding to starter columns.
5. Bar mark must start from 01 and increasing upward consecutively.
6. Good knowledge of detailing and consideration affecting the practical
construction.

1.3 Procedure For Preparing BBS-

 Step 1: Identification of Members (Steel Bars)

Each different type of Steel bar or Member is usually tagged with a number
or bar mark in the structural drawing. Now, open a structural drawing and list
down all the shapes of bar you see in the structural drawing. Now mark the
diameter of Member in the table.

Fig 1.1- Shows No Of Bars

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

The above image shows the number of bars like #5, #6, #9, etc, along with
Día of the Bar (e.g. #5@12”)

Step 2: Count the Number of bars

Now, Count the number of each different shapes of the bar and note down
in bar bending schedule

To calculate a number of bars in big slab structure, you need to check the
specific spacing between bars (center to center or c/c, its show in above fig)
and the length of the concrete slab in which the bars are distributed.

Number of Bars = (Concrete slab length in which bar is Distributed – 2 X

Cover) / (c/c spacing between bars)
For Example:

Suppose, 10 MM bars are distributed in the 10-meter-long slab at 150 mm

c/c spacing, Considering the side cover of 50 mm. Then calculate the
number of bars

Number of Bars = (10000 – 2 X 50) / (150) = 66 Bars of 10 mm Día

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 Step 3: Calculate the length of Reinforcement bars

The formula, to calculate the length of those bars.

Length of Bar = Length of Concrete member (direction in which bar is

placed) – (2 X Cover) + Development length

Fig 1.2- Elevation of Development Length

Development Length

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Development Length Chart as per IS code-

Fig 1.3 -Chart for development length bars in Tension and Compression
respectively

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

Step 4: Calculate the unit weight of Reinforcement Bar

The formula for Calculgating Unit weight of Bar

Unit weight of Bar = Volume of Bar X Density of Bar (7850 kg/m3)

Unit Weight of Reinforcement Bar with Día (D) = D2 / 162

Example, 10 mm Día reinforcement bar Weight = 102 /162 = 0.617 kg/m.

Diameter of Bar (mm) Unit weight in kg/m

8 0.395

10 0.617

12 0.889

16 1.580

20 2.469

25 3.858

32 6.321

40 9.877

Step 5: Calculate the Weight of particular Shape of Bar

Wight of Reinforcement Bar (Shape of Bar) = No of Bars X Length of Bars X

Unit weight of Bar

This Formula gives the total Weight of specific shape Bar in Kilogram

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1.4 CONCEPTS-

1. Hook Length or Cutting length of Stirrups:-

The hook length is commonly provided for stirrups in beams and ties in columns.
In general, Hooks are added at the two ends of the rebar in stirrups or ties.

Hook Length = 9d (d is dia of the bar)

Below image makes you clear why the Hook length = 9d

Fig 1.4- Hook length of bars

From above fig, length of hook = [(Curved Portion) + 4d] = [(4d+d)+4d] = 9d

Hook Length = 9d [d is Diameter of the Bar]

Example Calculation considering stirrup with the hooks at ends:

For clear understanding, look at the below image for calculation of the total length
of stirrup the with two hooks at ends.

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

Fig 1.5- Practically placement of bars

Total Cutting Length o0f stirrup or tie = Total length of Bar + 2 x Hook Length (Two
hooks)

Total Cutting Length = L+2(9d)

Therefore Total Cutting  length = L+18d (d is the Diameter of a bar)

2. Bend Length:-

The Bend length calculation is different for Cranked bars (bent up bars) and bends
at corners.

The bars are usually cranked in Slabs and bars are bent at corners in Stirrups or
ties.

(i) Bend Length calculation in Cranked Bars:-

As  Shear stress is maximum at supports in Slab. To resist these stresses we
usually crank the bars at the ends of supports in the slab. The below figure depicts
the bent up bar in Slab. To calculate the bend length the below procedure is
followed.

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

Fig1.6-Bend length in cranked bars

Example Calculation considering Bent up bar in Slab (Cranked bar):-

To keep the crank bar in position, an extra bar of length (L/4) is provided below the
crank bar as shown in the below figure.

Therefore, the total length of bar = L+0.42D+0.42D+(L/4)+(L/4) = 1.5L+0.84D

Remember D = Depth of Slab-Top Cover-Bottom cover 

Fig 1.7- Crank diagram in slab

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

(ii) Bend Length calculation when bars are bent at corners:-

The important standards used while calculating the bend length at corners

1. 45° Bend length = 1d

2. 90° Bend length = 2d
3. 135° Bend length = 3d
Here, ‘d’ = Diameter of bar

Example Calculation considering stirrup with the bends at corners:

 

Fig 1.8- Section of Beams determing stirrups

From above fig, There are 3 bends which are bent at an angle of 90 0 and two
bends are bent at an angle of 1350
Total bend length = 3 x 900 Bend length + 2 x 1350 Bend length = 3 x 2d + 2 x 3d =
12d = 12 x 8 = 96mm

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

3. Overlap Length / Lap Length in Reinforcement:-

The standard length of Rebar is 12m. Suppose the height of the column is 20 m.
To purvey this requirement, two bars of length 12m and 8m are overlapped
(joined) with overlap length.

Overlap Length for compression members (columns) = 50d

The Overlap Length for tension members (beams) = 40d
[d is the Diameter of the bar]

1.5 ADVANTAGES-
Some of the advantages of BBS are –

 Provides accurate information of reinforcements to be used in concrete

structural members, as a result of which, total reinforcements required in
a structure can be calculated.
 Provides good perception to the engineer as how much monitoring work
will be required for implementing the BBS. Reduces extra efforts and
saves time.
 With this, extra amount of reinforcements can be deducted from the
estimation billing and cost can be reduced that will prove to be
economical.
 Labors can get the idea of cutting bars beforehand and in this way lot of
extra efforts to implement the work will be reduced.
 Project management will be easy and estimated time of completion will
be more practical.
 It will help quality control in-charge to monitor the quality of work and
point out the defects beforehand.
 Billing will be quick and easy and clients can get bills way before time.
Any changes to be made will become possible without much hassle.
 Wastes at sites will be reduced as only that much quantity of
reinforcements will be transported to the site as it has been mentioned in
bills.
 When used Fe 500 instead of Fe 415, the cost will be reduced by
approximately 10% which is beneficial to the client looking for cheaper
alternative.
 It improves the quality control at site as reinforcement is provided as per
bar bending schedule which is prepared using the provisions of
respective detailing standard codes.
 It provides the better estimation of reinforcement steel requirement for
each and every structural member which can be used to compute overall
reinforcement requirement for entire project.
 It provides better stock management for reinforcement.
 Steel requirement for next phase of construction can be estimated with
accuracy and procurement can be done.
 This prevents stocking of extra steel reinforcement at site for longer time,
preventing corrosion of reinforcement in case of coastal areas.
 It also prevents shortage of reinforcement for ongoing work by accurate
estimation and thus concrete construction works can proceed smoothly.
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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

 Bar bending schedule is very much useful during auditing of

reinforcement and provides checks on theft and pilferage.

Chapter 2
Literature Review
2.1 Introduction/Preamble

1) Bar Bending Schedule, commonly referred to as “BBS” is a comprehensive list that

describes the location, mark, type, size, length and number, and bending details of
each bar or fabric in a Reinforcement Drawing of a Structure.
2) Bar bending schedule can be used for reinforcement cutting, bending and
making skeleton of structural member before it can be placed at the
required position.
3) Other activities such as excavation, PCC etc can proceed parallel with this
activity. So, overall project activity management becomes easy and reduces
time of construction.
4) It becomes helpful in preventing any damages due to construction time
overrun.It provides benchmarks for quantity and quality requirements for
reinforcement and concrete works.
5) Bar bending schedule provides the steel quantity requirement much
accurately and thus provides an option to optimize the design in case of
cost overrun.
6) It becomes easy for site engineers to verify and approve the bar bending
and cutting length during inspection before placement of concrete with the
use of bar bending schedule and helps in better quality control.
7) It enables easy and fast preparation of bills of construction works for clients
and contractors.

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

8) The quantity of reinforcement to be used is calculated using engineering

formulas and standard codes, so there is no option for approximate
estimation of steel reinforcement.
9) With the use of bar bending schedule, mechanization of cutting and
bending of reinforcement can be done, again reducing the cost and time of
project and dependency on skilled labour requirement. It also improves the
reliability on accuracy of bar cutting and bending. When mechanized bar
cutting and bending is used, the cost of reinforced concrete work per unit
reduces and helps in cost optimization of construction project.

2.2 CASE STUDY

In these we have determined the bar bending schedule for a residential

building located in bangalore city. In these project we had come under
acknowledge about how the site work is execuated according to calculations
of various elements of structure by using bar bending schedule respectively.

A. Collection of Basic Data of Residential building

The basic AutoCAD drawings are essential for the structural
elements of the building.Basic drawing and sectional drawing for
each and every elements were collected. Internet was best source to
collect information about the construction procedure. Pictures are
most important data which were collected while visiting the sites.
Collecting information about the sites from site engineer was also a
major source to get practical knowledge and the steps taken to
resolve problems which get created suddenly on site.

B. Bar bending schedule

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

The process of listing the location, type and size, number of and all
other details is called “Scheduling”. In context of Reinforcement
bars, it is called bar scheduling. In short, Bar Bending Schedule is a
way of organizing rebars for each structural unit, giving detailed
reinforcement requirements.
Bar bending schedule is in tabular form.

C. Use of BBS-

1) It helps to determine the total quantity of steel needed for the

construction of a structure. Also, It helps to quote the cost
acquired by steel for tender.
2) BBS helps to determine the cutting length, and bending length of
reinforcement, which helps to improve construction quality and
minimize steel wastage makes construction economical.
3) BBS allow cutting and bending of reinforcement at the factory and
transported to the site. It allows for faster construction and
reduces construction cost.
4) For site engineers, It becomes clear to verify the cutting length
and bending length of the reinforcement before placing the
concrete.

D. Uses of software in BBS

1. Ensoft’s Bar Bending Schedule & Quantity Estimation Software-

A) ENSOFT has released BarBeQue software, for

preparation of Bar Bending Schedules and Quantity
Estimation Works.
B) BarBeQue software is not Excel or any spread sheet
based neither it runs under any CAD package.
C) It is complete standalone software which generates the
to-the-scale sketches of each and every bar.

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

D) Deductions in the length for bending can be done with

different ways, as per IS or BS code or standard site
practices.
E) BBS sheets generated are in DXF format, compatible
with all-popular CAD packages.

2. Bend Plus Reinforcement Steel Software-

 Third Axis ® brings you India`s very first power-packed bar bending
schedule software Bend Plus.
 Bend Plus BBS Software consists of a wide range of construction
software, including but not limited to reinforcement steel software to
handle your day to day needs on construction sites, steel workshops,
readymade steel plants, and project offices.
 Bend Plus reinforcement steel software does not only helps you to
prepare a bar bending schedule but also records it in the database.
 The data flows to other downstream software of bend plus, which then
helps you to keep an accurate record of steel inventory and reduce
the reinforcement scrap using the artificial intelligence.
 At any point in time, you can get a detailed report on reinforcement
placed on-site, offcuts generated, scrap generated as well as stock
remaining using our intelligent inventory software.
 Days of an approximate scrap percentage for project contracts are
over because you now have Bend Plus reinforcement software to
provide you the exact percentage of reinforcement scrap.

E) Benefits-

Benefits of BBS Detailing –

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

 Productivity: Enhanced production due to use of CNC

machines
 Wastage: Reduction in wastage resulting from planned storage
and reuse of offcuts
 Optimization: The cutting schedule can be optimized for
maximum use of available stock lengths & rationalized for use of
similar Diameter / Lengths leading to further reduction in
wastage.
 Quality: Higher dimensional accuracy through machine cuts
leading to better control on cover and clearance; eliminating
forced fits.
 Compliance to standard: The detailing team studies design
drawings in advance, raise queries & get them clarified from
structural designers before finalizing the shop drawings & BBS.
This ensure complete compliance to detailing standards.
 Clash detection: Any potential clashes within rebar, MEP etc.
are sorted in advance, before preparation of shop drawings &
BBS thus saving unnecessary stoppages during execution.
 Design intent: The shop drawings & BBS can be reviewed by
structural consultant for his design intent before actual roduction.
 Couplers: Use of couplers can be planned better to avoid laps,
avoiding congestion in heavily reinforced elements & making
more space to maintain good quality concreting.
 Procurement: The quantity of reinforcement will be readily
available for procurement as well as billing purpose. No separate
estimate/ measurements / records are required.
 Safety: Factory production is inherently safer as compared to
site bending. Safer shape codes can be introduced through
careful detailing, thus achieving maximum safety to workers /
engineers on site.
 Prefab cages: Standard elements like footings, pile-caps,
columns, beams can be produced in cages & directly placed at
locations.

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 Space requirement: Cutting & bending in the factory eliminates

need of rebar yard at site.

2.3 AUTOCAD PLAN LAYOUT

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

2.4 CASE STUDY OF PROJECT-

1) Analysing and reading autocad drawing-

a) Initially we have observed and understood structural drawings
and there specification given by structural engineer.
b) We obsereve the orientation of different structural elements
practically which are going to be placed on site.
c) We checked out the dimension for the structural elements such
as,
1. Footing
2. Columns
3. Tie beams
4. Beams
5. Slabs
6. Retaining wall etc.

2) Visualization-
a) We have visualized all the structural member of building, all the
drawing available were in form of 2D drawings.
b) We tried to read the 2D structural drawing and tried to implement its
sections, elevations with pen and paper.
c) We visualized how the bars are been placed on the site.

3) Analysis and calculation –

A) We have calculated the following terms-

 Member
 Bar mark
 Diameter (Dia)
 No of member
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 No of bars in each
 Total number of bars
 Shapes
 Notation for bar length- (A, B, C, D, E, F)
 Straight length
 Bend correction
 Cut length
 Total length
 Unit weight
 Theoretical weight

B) Formulation-

total length−2 Xcover

1) Total numbers of bars(x)= +1
spacing
2) Straight length (in millimeters) =(A+B+C+D+E+F) mm
3) Bend correction (in mm) =2 X No of bends X Dia of bars mm
4) Cut length= Straight length- Bend correction
cut length X no of bars
5) Total length ( x ¿ m= m
1000
DXD
6) Unit weight( x)kg= kg
162.169
7) Theoritical weight (kgm) = Unit weight X Total length (kgm)

C) Calculation Of Different Structure Of The Building Using BBS-

Notations –
Details Obtained from Structural Drawing

Following details are obtained from the drawings and specifications:

1. Length of Footing = X

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2. The breadth of Footing = Y

3. The height of the footing (Thickness) = h
4. The diameter of the Main reinforcement bars = dm
5. The diameter of Distribution Reinforcement Bars = dd
6. The spacing of reinforcement bars = s
7. Cover for reinforcement = c

1) Calculation of footing-

Fig 1.9- Section and elevation of Footing

From the figure-1, the following parameters are

1. Number of Main Reinforcement Bars ( X-Bars)

2. Number of Distribution Reinforcement Bars ( Y-Bars)
3. Cutting Length of Main Reinforcement Bars (Cm)
4. Cutting Length of Distribution Reinforcement Bars (Cd)
5. Steel Quantity Required

From the given details, the following values are calculated:

 Calculation of Number of Main Reinforcement (X- Bars)-

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From the figure, the x-bars are distributed along the y-direction. Hence the
number of bars is:

Nm = (Y / Spacing of Main Reinforcement) + 1       

 Calculation of Number of Distribution Reinforcement (Y-Bars)-

From Figure, the y-bars are distributed along X-axis. Hence the number of
bars

Nd = (X/Spacing of Distribution Reinforcement) +1           

 Cutting Length of Main Reinforcement (X-Bars)-

From Figure, The cutting length of main reinforcement is calculated
as,
Cm = Straight length- Bend correction   

 Total Cutting Length of Main Reinforcement (Cm)-

From Figure, The cutting length of main reinforcement is calculated
as,

Cm = Straight length- Bend correction   

 Estimation of Steel Quantity

The steel quantity is determined by the formula:

W = D2/162.169   
          

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Weight of Steel (W) = Volume of the Material(V) x Density of the

Material

Where, V= Area of steel x length of the steel; Density of Steel = 7850 kg/m3

Fig 2- Image shows the pumping of water through motor pump.

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Fig 2.1- Image shows the placing of bars and covers blocks in there orientation.

Fig – Image shows the proper placing of cover blocks.

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

Fig – Image shows orientation of bars placed on site along with cover blocks

Fig 2.2- BBS calculations for footing

2) Calculation of Column –
.
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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

A) There are two types of bar in columns they are-

 Shorter bars
 Longer bar

B) The term lapping of bars comes under consideration.

C) The spacing of columns is determined and clear cover is maintained.
D) Calculations –

 Step 1- Find the total length/height of vertical bar-

Vertical bar length = footing development length + footing

height + basement height + height of all floor + slab thickness
of all floors + development length at the end of column top

 Step 2- Find lap length of column reinforcement-

Lap length =40d

Where d= diameter of bar in mm

 Step 3- No of stirrups-

Number of stirrups = (total vertical bar height/spacing) +1

 Step 4- Cutting length of stirrups-

Cutting length of stirrups= Straight length – Bend correction

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 BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

 Important points to remember while calculating BBS for columns-

 Always tie the column at the centre of floor since the axial loads
and internal forces are maximum at the top and bottom of the
column.
 Always lap alternate bars.
 Always lap top bars over the bottom bar.
 Try to minimize the lap length and cutting of the bar as much as
you can.

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Fig 2.4- Image shows the placing of steel bars for the column

Fig 2.5- Image shows stirrups are tied for proper placing of
column bars.

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

Fig 2.6- BBS calculation for column

3) Calculation of Beams-

Fig 2.7- Section of beams

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

Step 1 – Find cutting length of top bar-

 Cutting length of top bar = Clear Span of Beam + Development

length (Anchorage) Ld on 2 sides – Clear Cover on 2 ends

Step 2 – Find cutting length of bottom bar-

 Cutting length of bottom bar = Clear Span of Beam + Development

length (Anchorage) Ld on 2 sides – Clear Cover on 2 ends

Step 3 – Find out Number of Stirrups-

 Number of Stirrups required = (Clear Span of Beam/Spacing

Stirrups) + 1

Step 4 – Find out cutting length of Each Stirrup-

 Let’s split the sides as (a, b) for easy calculation.

Fig 2.8- Beam section which shows hook length in stirrups

 Length of One Hook = 9d

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Fig – Structure of a beam

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

Fig 2.9- BBS calculation for beams

4) Calculation of Slabs-

Fig 3- Section for slab

 Step 1- Calculation of number of bars-

 Number of Bars = (Length of slab / spacing) + 1

 Number of Main Bars = (Ly / spacing) + 1
 Number of Distribution Bars = (Lx / spacing) + 1
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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

Step 2- Find cutting length of main bars and distribution bars

Fig 3.1- Cutting length of bars

Cutting Length of Main Bar,

= Clear Span of Slab (Lx) + (2 X Developement Length) +(1 x Inclined
length) – (45° bend x 2)

Step 3- Find length of distribution bar

length = Clear Span (Ly) + (2 x Development Length (Ld)

Step 4
 Find Top Bar (Extra) ; Top Bars are provided at the top of critical
length (L/4) area

 Number of top bars = (Lx/4) / spacing + 1

Fig 3.2- BBS calculation for slabs

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Fig- Image shows different diameter of bars which are used for
construction

Fig- Image shows Chair bars used for proper placing of

bars.

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

Fig- Image shows cover blocks used for proper placing

of bars.

Fig- Lapping of bars for extending length of bars .

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

Chapter 3
SITE VISIT

3.1 Visiting to factory-

We have visited factory, which provides
readymade steel to the construction sites. The main
purpose is to bring Engineers at the construction sites to
complete construction on time.

 Stages of production of readymade steel-

1) Collection of bar of different diameter in form

of circular coil -

2) Identifying the structure of the bars-

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3) Automatic machinery used for bending and

cutting for bars-

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4) Shear line machine for cutting purpose -

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

5) Threading –

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3.2 Examples of calculation for project work-

1. Foundation

2. Chair cover –

3. Columns-

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

4. Colomn Lapping-

5. Tie Beams-

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6. Beams-

7. Slab-

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF RESEDENTIAL BUILDING

Chapter 4
Results and Discussions
4.1 DISCUSSION
This information provides for estimating the bill of quantity for reinforcement steel
bars and it is easy and fast.
If we have BBS than cutting and bending of the bar can do at the factory and
directly transported to the site then it can save time and work speedily for
reinforcement work.
In addition, it can save about a 5 to 10 % wastage of reinforcement steel bars.
Ultimately, this helps in reducing project costs.
The bar bending schedule improves quality control at the site.
It provides more accurate steel quantity resulting in an estimation preparation is
more accurate for reinforcement item work.
Bar bending schedule is useful for accurate checking and prevent theft and
pilferage for steel bars.
BBS provides information about managing more accurate stock of steel bars and it
prevents an extra stock of the reinforcement bar.
In addition to this, it prevents also corrosion of reinforcement.
Before placing reinforcement provided at the required position, bar bending
schedule is used for

 Cutting
 Bending
 Making a skeleton of the structural member such as beam, column, footing,
etc.

It makes it easy to verify and approve bar bending and cutting length of the bar for
site engineers.
Because if using a bar bending schedule, mechanized cutting, and bending of
steel bar, it results in reducing

 Time of project
 Cost of the project
 Need of a skilled labor

Besides, BBS reduces the cost of reinforced concrete work per unit and it helps in
the optimization of the cost for the project.

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4.2 Scope for future work

 BBS is the best and the fastest way for the steel to be manufactured in
proper shape, size and fulfill the requirement in small vacancy of time.
 BBS reduces man power and reduces the wages for the company so its
helpful for company to explore in future with help of flow of cash and
assets.
 In future to reduce the construction duration there will be more and more
demand for ready made steel as bending and cutting takes a long time on
site and there may be error as well.
 Large scale construction requires a speedy work and less cost for
construction so BBS will help out in reducing the cost, time, wastage, error
and may more profitable commands.

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Chapter 5
Conclusions

5.1 Conclusions
In this paper, The concept BBS is tried to elaborate through drawings
and software such as Autocad, Structural specification. Following are
conclusions of the current study:
 Bar bending schedule plays an important role in civil engineering and it is
considered an important tool in building a structure.
 Any changes made in the bar bending schedule is accompanied by
changes in contract regarding cost and project management.
 It directly links the project management and execution time in the field or
site of construction.
 Any error in this will affect time, costs and manpower so it is advised to
carefully calculate the quantity in order to avoid any mistakes in
calculations.
 Also, it is advised to follow the respective country’s codes to avoid any
confusion like in India it should be followed as per IS code and so every
country will follow different formula and method.

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References

1. Steel design and Code practices (SP:34-1987)

2. Steel design and Code practices (IS:456-2000)

3. Estimating & Costing for Building & Civil Engineering Works Based on
Indian Standard Method of Measurement, I.S. 1200 by B.L Bhasin

4. Estimating and Costing of Civil Engineering Projects By BN. Data

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