Scribd
Upload
67 views2 pages

Digital PID Controller: Figure 1 Structure of Digital Control System

Digital PID controllers have largely replaced analog controllers. They operate by sampling an analog input signal, processing the digital values using proportional, integral and derivative terms, and converting the output back to an analog signal. The digital controller communicates with the physical system using analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters. Modern digital PID controllers offer advantages over analog controllers like faster sampling periods and higher resolution conversions at lower costs due to advances in microprocessor technology.

Uploaded by

srikanthislavatu7615
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
67 views2 pages

Digital PID Controller: Figure 1 Structure of Digital Control System

Digital PID controllers have largely replaced analog controllers. They operate by sampling an analog input signal, processing the digital values using proportional, integral and derivative terms, and converting the output back to an analog signal. The digital controller communicates with the physical system using analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters. Modern digital PID controllers offer advantages over analog controllers like faster sampling periods and higher resolution conversions at lower costs due to advances in microprocessor technology.

Uploaded by

srikanthislavatu7615
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Digital PID Controller

The evolution of the PID Controller was developed by Elmer Sperry in 1911. In the year
1933, the first pneumatic controller with a fully tunable proportional controller was introduced. in
1940, first PID controller with derivative action was introduced to reduce the overshooting issues.
Ziegler and Nicholas were introduced tuning rules that engineers were able to set the appropriate
parameters of PID controllers. After the 1950, automatic PID controllers were widely adopted for
industrial use. Most of the PID controllers used in industries are digital. Today, digital controllers
are being used in many large and small-scale control systems, replacing the analog controllers.

To control a physical system or process using a digital controller, the controller must
receive measurements from the system, process them, and then send control signals to the actuator
that effects the control action. In almost all applications, both the plant and the actuator are analog
systems. This is a situation where the controller and the controlled do not “speak the same
language” and some form of translation is required. The translation from controller language
(digital) to physical process language (analog) is performed by a digital-to-analog converter, or
DAC. The translation from process language to digital controller language is performed by an
analog-to-digital converter, or ADC. A sensor is needed to monitor the controlled variable for
feedback control. The combination of the elements discussed here in a control loop is shown in
figure Variations on this control configuration are possible. For example, the system could have
several reference inputs and controlled variables, each with a loop similar to that of Figure 1. The
system could also include an inner loop with digital or analog control.

Figure 1 Structure of Digital Control System


It is now a common practice to implement PID controllers in its digital version, which
means that they operate in discrete time domain and deal with analog signals quantized in a limited
number of levels. A digital version of the PID controller is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 Digital PID Controller

In this digital version, the integral becomes a sum and the differential a difference. The
continuous time signal 𝑒(𝑡) is sampled in fixed intervals equals a determined sampled period. An
A/D converter interfaces the input and a D/A converter interfaces the output. The sampled and
digitalized input called 𝑒𝐷 [𝑗]. These digital values are processed instantly and the result is posted
immediately. Then it is desirable for controller (a) to have the sample period as small as possible
(b) to have as many levels of quantization as possible. A lower bound for the sample period is the
computing time of a whole cycle of the digital PID (which includes the A/D and D/A conversion).
In most practical situations noise filtering may simply another lower bound for the sampling
period. The number of levels of quantization of the input and output analog variables will depend
on the resolution of the A/D and D/A converters respectively. Converters of high resolution are
expensive. Helpfully the state-of-the-art technology in the field of the microprocessors makes
possible to have good computation time with low cost hardware.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy