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 AWARDS

National Civilian Awards:

Sr. Award Significance
No
1 Bharat Ratna • Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award given in India
for service to the nation.
• The various fields are scientific achievements, literary
scientific accomplishment, as well as the gratitude of
community service of the highest category.

• This was first given to C. Rajagopalachari, Sarvapalli

Radhakrishnan & C. V. Raman in 1954.

• Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan (Pakistan) in 1987 and Nelson

Mandela (South Africa) in 1990 are the only non Indian
citizens who have received the Bharat Ratna.

• Sachin Tendulkar is the first Sportsperson to get the

Bharat Ratna.

2 Padma Vibhushan • Rankwise, the second award in the Indian rep lic is the
Padma Vibhushan. It is awarded to people from various
fields including government service to distinguish
extraordinary service for the country.
• It was firstly awarded to Satyendra Nath Bose, Zakir
Hussain, Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher, Jigme Dorji
Wangchuk, Nand Lal Bose, V. K. Krishna Menon in 1954.
• In 2016 it was awarded to Rajnikanth,Yamini
Krishnamurthy(Classical Dance),Girija Devi(Classical
Singer),Shri Shri Ravi Shankar,Shri Jagmohan(Public
affairs),Dr.Vishwanathan Shanta(Med-Oncology),Ramoji
Rao(Literature in Journalism).Dr.Vasudeva Aaatre(Sci &
Engg, Late Dhirubhai Ambani.
3 Padma Bhushan
The Padma Bhushan is the highest civilian award third in
• rank in the Indian Republic,and comes after the Bharat
Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan. The President of India
launched this award on 2nd January 1954.
• In 1954, 23 were given Padma Bhushan and in 2016, 13
were given Padma Bhushan award.
4 Padma Shri • Padma Shri or Padmashree is the fourth award high in order in
the Indian Republic, after the Bharat Ratna, the Padma
Vibhushan and the Padma Bhushan.
• It is awarded to citizens of India for their distinguished
contribution in several fields including Education, Literature,
Arts, Science, Industry, Social Service, Medicine, Sports and
Public Affairs.
• In 1954, 18 were given Padma Shri award .
In 2016, Ujwal Nikam(Lawyer). Ajay Devgn,
Priyanka Chopra, SS Rajamouli(Director),Malini Awasthi
(Singer),Deepika Kumari(Archer),Saeed Jaffrey(Actor),
Dr.Mayilsamy Annadurai(ISRO Scientist and Director)

Gallantry Awards:

Sr.no Award Significance

1 Param Vir Chakra • PARAM VIR CHAKRA is the highest
decoration of valour awarded for the most
conspicuous bravery or some daring or
prominent act of valour or self-sacrifice in
the presence of the enemy on land, sea or
air.

• Somnath Sharma was the first awardee.

2 Mahavir Chakra • MAHA VIR CHAKRA is the second

highest decoration. It is awarded for acts of
conspicuous gallantry in the presence of
the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in
the air.

• Dewan Ranjit Rai was the first awardee.

3 Vir Chakra • VIR CHAKRA is the third in the order of

awards for acts of gallantry in the face of
the enemy on land,sea or air.
• Nadikerianda Bheemaiah was the first
awardee.
4 Ashok Chakra • ASHOK CHAKRA is awarded for the
most conspicuous bravery or some daring
act of valour or self-sacrifice on land, at sea
or in the air
• The Ashoka Chakra (alternative spelling:
Ashok Chakra) is India's highest
peacetime military decoration awarded for
valor, courageous action or self-sacrifice
away from the battlefield. It is the peace
time equivalent of the Param Vir Chakra

• The first awardees of this were Naik Nar

Bahadur Thapa, Havildar Bachittar Singh,
Flt Lt Suhas Biswas.

5 Kirti Chakra • The Kirti Chakra is an Indian military

decoration awarded for valour, courageous
action or self-sacrifice away from the field
of battle.
• It may be awarded to civilians as well as
military personnel, including posthumous
awards. It is the peacetime equivalent of
the Maha Vir Chakra.
• It is second in order of precedence of
peacetime gallantry awards; it comes after
Ashoka Chakra and before Shaurya
Chakra. Before 1967, the award was
known as the Ashoka Chakra, Class II.

6 Shaurya Chakra • The Shaurya Chakra is an Indian military

decoration awarded for valour, courageous
action or self-sacrifice while not engaged
in direct action with the enemy.
• It may be awarded to civilians as well as
military personnel, sometimes
posthumously. It is the peacetime
equivalent of the Vir Chakra.
• It is third in order of precedence of
peacetime gallantry awards and comes
after the Ashoka Chakra and the Kirti
Chakra. It precedes the Sena Medal.
Before 1967, the award was known as the
Ashoka Chakra, Class III.
 Indian National Awards:

Award/Prize FIELD
Indian Science Award Science(2004)
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award Science
Arjuna Award Sports (1961)
Dronacharya award Sports (Coaching) 1965
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award Sports
Vyas Samman Literature
Dewang Mehta Award Information Technology
GD Birla Award Social and Cultural
Dada Saheb Phalke Award Cinema 
Gandhi Peace Prize Social,Economic,Political
transformation through Gandhian
values.
Bhartiya Jnanpith Award Literature
Jamnalal Bajaj Award Social Work(1978)
Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace
Peace,Disarmament and
Development
Nehru Award for International International
Understanding
Dhanwantari Award Medical Science (1971)
Dronacharya
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First Awardees.
Firsts in India (Male)

1. First Indian to get Bharat Ratna Award : Dr. S. Radhakrishnan

2. First Indian to get Jnanpeeth Award : G. Shankar Kurup
3. First Person to get Paramvir Chakra : Major Somnath Sharma
4. First Indian Scientist to get Nobel Prize : C.V. Raman (Physics)
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5. First Scientist of Indian origin, to get Nobel : Dr. Hargovind Khurana
Prize in the field of Medical Science
6. First Scientist of Indian origin to win Nobel : S. Chandrashekhar
Prize in Physics
7. First Indian to win Magsayasay Award : AcharyaVinoba Bhave
8. First foreign recipient of Bharat Ratna : Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan
9. First Indian recipient of Nobel Prize in Economics : Dr. Amartya Sen ,IBO
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2. Firsts in India (Female)

1. First Woman to get Ashok Chakra : Nirja Bhanot

2. First Indian Woman to get the Nobel Prize : Mother Teresa (1979)
3. First Indian Woman to get Bharat Ratna : Smt. Indira Gandhi
4. First Woman to get Jnanpith Award : Ashapurna Devi
5. First Indian Woman to win the Booker Prize : Arundhati Roy
6. First Woman Musician to get ‘Bharat Ratna’ : M.S. Subbulakshmi 4NU*OEJSB
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Firsts in the world (Male & Female) to win Nobel Prize.

1. First man to win Nobel Prize for Literature: Rena F.A. & Sulli Pradhom (France)
2. First man to win Nobel Prize for Peace: J.H. Durant (Switzerland) & Frederic Passy
3. First man to win Nobel Prize for Physics: W.K. Roentgen (Germany)
4. First man to win Nobel Prize for Chemistry: J.H. Wenthoff (Holland)
5. First man to win Nobel Prize for Medicine: A.E. Wonn Behrig (Germany)
6. First man to win Nobel Prize for Economics: R. Fish (Norway) & John Tinbergen (Holland)
 Academy Awards ( Oscars )

Academy Awards ̀ . Oscars f

...

f f f

The awards ceremony was first broadcast to radio in 1930 and televised in 1953. It is now seen live in
more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online.The Oscars is the oldest entertainment awards
ceremony; its equivalents, the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theatre, and the
Grammy Awards for music and recording, are modeled after the Academy Awards.
The 88th Academy Awards ceremony was held at the Dolby Theatre on February 28, 2016 and hosted
by Chris Rock. A total of 2,947 Oscars have been awarded since the inception of the award through the
87th.
The first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16, 1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood
Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel.The cost of
guest tickets for that night's ceremony was $5 ($69 in 2016 dollars). Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists,
directors and other participants in the film-making industry of the time, for their works during the 1927–28 period. The
ceremony ran for 15 minutes.
The Oscars were first televised in 1953 by NBC, which continued to broadcast the event until 1960, when ABC took
over, televising the festivities (including the first color broadcast of the event in 1966) through 1970, after which NBC
resumed the broadcasts. ABC once again took over broadcast duties in 1976, and has broadcast the Oscars ever since;
its current contract with the Academy runs through 2020.

Oscars A me ec rd ders

The nomination for "August: Osage County" extends her record for most
acting nominations. Unfortunately, despite three victories (for "Kramer
vs. Kramer," "Sophie's Choice,"and "The Iron Lady"), she also holds the
record for most Oscar losses for an actor.
Most awards

Most awards won by a single film

Three films have won 11 Academy Awards.

1) Ben-Hur (1959)
2) Titanic (1997)
3) The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)

Most nominations received by a single film

Two films received 14 nominations.
1) All About Eve (1950)
2) Titanic (1997)

Largest sweep (winning awards in every nominated category)

The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) won all 11 categories for which it was nominated:
Best Picture, Director, Adapted Screenplay, Original Score, Original Song, Sound Mixing, Art
Direction, Makeup, Costume Design, Film Editing, and Visual Effects.

Most awards won by a male

Walt Disney won 22 Oscars. He also won the most Oscars in one year, with four in 1954.

Most awards won by a female

Edith Head won eight Oscars, all for Costume Design.

Most nominations in a single year / Most awards in a single year

In 1954, Walt Disney won four awards out of six nominations, both records. He won Best Documentary,
Features for The Living Desert; Best Documentary, Short Subjects for The Alaskan Eskimo; Best
Short Subject, Cartoons for Toot Whistle Plunk and Boom; and Best Short Subject, Two-reel for Bear
Country. He had two additional nominations in Best Short Subject, Cartoons for Rugged Bear; and
Best Short Subject, Two-reel for Ben and Me.

Directing
John Ford won the most directing awards, with four.

Acting
Katharine Hepburn won four awards, all for Best Actress.

Big Five winners

Three films have received the Big Five Academy Awards:
Best Picture, Director, Actor, Actress, and Screenplay
(Original or Adapted).
• It Happened One Night (1934)
• One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975)
• The Silence of the Lambs (1991)
Acting records
• Most awards for leading actress
Katharine Hepburn with 4 awards (1933, 1967, 1968, 1981)

• Most awards for leading actor

Daniel Day-Lewis with 3 awards (1989, 2007, 2013)

• Most consecutive leading actress nominations

Two actresses have been nominated 5 years in a row.
Bette Davis (1938–1942)
Greer Garson (1941–1945)

• Most consecutive leading actor nominations

Marlon Brando with four nominations (1951 to 1954)

• Actress with most total nominations for acting

Meryl Streep with 18 nominations.

• Actor with most total nominations for acting

Jack Nicholson with 12 nominations.

• Most acting nominations without an award

Peter O'Toole with 8 nominations. (He received an Honorary Award in 2002.)

• Most nominations for an actor performing in a foreign language

Marcello Mastroianni with 3 nominations.
He was nominated for Best Actor for Divorce, Italian Style (1962); A Special Day
(1977) and Dark Eyes (1987), performing in Italian.

• Longest gap between first and second award

Helen Hayes won in 1932 for The Sin of Madelon Claudet and in 1971 for Airport, a
39-year gap.

• Longest time span between first & last nomination & first & last award
Katharine Hepburn: 48 years from Morning Glory (1933, in the 1932/33 awards) until
On Golden Pond (1981)

• Most acting nominations before first award

Both Geraldine Page and Al Pacino won on their 8th nomination.

• Most posthumous nominations

James Dean with 2 (1956 for East of Eden and 1957 for Giant).

• Shortest performance to win an acting Oscar

Beatrice Straight in Network (1976) - 5 minutes and 2 seconds.

• Shortest performance to win a lead acting Oscar

David Niven in Separate Tables (1958) - 15 minutes and 38 seconds.

• Shortest performance to be nominated for an acting Oscar

 Hermione Baddeley in Room at the Top (1959) - 2 minutes and 19 seconds.

• Longest performance to win an acting Oscar

Vivien Leigh in Gone with the Wind (1939) - 2 hours, 23 minutes and 32 seconds.

• Longest performance to be nominated for an acting Oscar

Vivien Leigh in Gone with the Wind (1939) - 2 hours, 23 minutes and 32 seconds.

• Longest performance to be nominated for a supporting acting Oscar

Frank Finlay in Othello (1965) - 1 hour, 30 minutes and 43 seconds.

• Most awards by a black actor

Denzel Washington with 2, winning Best Supporting Actor for Glory (1989) and Best
Actor for Training Day (2001).

• Most awards for one acting performance

Harold Russell played Homer Parish in The Best Years of Our Lives in 1946. For this
role he received 2 Oscars, one for Best Supporting and an honorary award for being
an inspiration to all returning veterans.

• Most nominations for one acting performance

Barry Fitzgerald was nominated as Best Actor and won for Best Supporting Actor for
his role as Father Fitzgibbon in 1944's Going My Way.

Miscellaneous records
• Most nominations in different decades Five decades:
Laurence Olivier, Paul Newman, Michael Caine, Jack Nicholson, and Meryl Streep.
• Only person to win both a Nobel Prize and an Oscar
George Bernard Shaw: Won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1925,
and an Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay in 1938 for the film Pygmalion.

• Only woman to win Best Actress and Best Original Song

Barbra Streisand: Best Actress (joint) for Funny Girl (1968);
Best Original Song for the Love Theme ("Evergreen") from A Star Is Born (1976)

• Only person to win an Academy Award for acting and writing

Emma Thompson

• Only actor to win an Academy Award for portraying a real Academy Award
winner
Cate Blanchett won Best Supporting Actress for portraying Katharine Hepburn
in The Aviator

• Only actor to win an Academy Award for portraying a fictional Academy

Award nominee - Maggie Smith won Best Supporting Actress in California Suite
• Most total nominations without a win
Sound re-recording mixer Kevin O'Connell has had 20 unsuccessful nominations
since 1983, with his most recent coming in 2007.

• Most total nominations before receiving an award

Film composer Victor Young was nominated 21 times without winning. He was often
nominated multiple times in one year; twice, four times at the same Oscars. He won
posthumously for Around the World in 80 Days, alongside yet another nomination
(also posthumous).

• Most nominations for a person

Walt Disney with 59.

• Most nominated woman

Edith Head with 35.

• Highest "perfect score"

Sound editor Mark Berger has four nominations and four wins.

• Most nominations for directing

William Wyler with 12 nominations.

Most nominations for producing

• Steven Spielberg with 9 nominations.

Most nominations for directing in a single year

Two people have received 2 nominations for Best Director in the same year.
• Michael Curtiz for Angels with Dirty Faces and Four Daughters in 1938.
• Steven Soderbergh for Erin Brockovich and Traffic in 2000.

Most Best Picture awards for a film series

• The Godfather series with 2 (for The Godfather and The Godfather Part II).

Most nominations and awards for a film series

The Middle-earth series with 17 competitive wins out of 37 nominations (for
The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit). Additionally, The Hobbit: An
Unexpected Journey received an Academy Scientific and Technical Award,
which brings the total number of Oscars received by the series to 18.
Most awards for a musical
West Side Story, 10 wins (out of 11 nominations)

Most nominations for Best Original Screenplay

• Woody Allen with 16 nominations and 3 wins
Longest time between the release of a film and winning an Oscar
• Limelight (1952) is the only film to have won an award twenty years after its
official release. Since it was not released in Los Angeles County until 1972, it was not eli i le for
an cade wards ntil that ti e.
Most posthumous award wins
• William A. Horning won in 1958 for Best Art Direction for Gigi, and for est rt irection for
en r in .

Most posthumous award nominations

• Howard Ashman with four.

Lowest grossing film to win Best Picture

• Cimarron (1931 film) with $1,380,000.

Longest film to win Best Picture

• Gone With the Wind, 224 minutes (238 with overture, entr'acte, and exit
music).

Longest film to win an award

• War and Peace (1968), 431 minutes (Academy Award for Best Foreign
Picture).

Shortest film to win Best Picture

• Marty, 90 minutes.

Most acting awards for a character

• Portrayals of Vito Corleone won:
• Best Actor for Marlon Brando in The Godfather
• Best Supporting Actor for Robert DeNiro in The Godfather Part II

Most consecutive awards

Walt Disney was awarded a record of 10 awards in the eight consecutive years from
1931–32 through 1939. Eight (listed below) are for Short Subject (Cartoon), and two
were Special Awards: one for the creation of Mickey Mouse, and one recognizing the
innovation of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.

Best Actress
Two actresses have won two consecutive awards.
Luise Rainer (The Great Ziegfeld, 1936 and The Good Earth, 1937)
Katharine Hepburn (Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, 1967 and The Lion in Winter,
1968)
Best Actor
Two actors have won two consecutive awards.
• Spencer Tracy (Captains Courageous, 1937 and Boys Town, 1938)
• Tom Hanks (Philadelphia, 1993 and Forrest Gump, 1994)

Best Director
Three directors have won two consecutive awards.
• John Ford (The Grapes of Wrath, 1940 and How Green Was My Valley, 1941)
• Joseph L. Mankiewicz (A Letter to Three Wives, 1949 and All About Eve,
1950)
• Alejandro G. Iñárritu (Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance),
2015 and The Revenant, 2016)

Best Picture
• David O. Selznick produced two consecutive Best Picture winners Gone with
the Wind in 1939 and Rebecca in 1940. (He himself was not awarded the
Oscars as at the time the statuette went to the studio instead of the producer.)

Academy Award firsts

First woman to win Best Picture

• Julia Phillips for The Sting (1973)

First woman to win Best Director

• Kathryn Bigelow for The Hurt Locker (2009)

First woman to win Best Animated Feature

• Brenda Chapman for Brave (2012)

First 3-D films to be nominated for Best Picture

• Avatar and Up (2009)

First fantasy film to win Best Picture

• The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)

First science fiction film to be nominated for Best Picture

• Star Wars (1977)

First animated film to be nominated for Best Picture

• Beauty and the Beast (1991)

First animated film to be nominated for Best Foreign Language Film

• Waltz with Bashir (2008), representing Israel.

First animated film to be nominated for Best Original Screenplay and for a Best
Screenplay award in general
• Toy Story (1995)

First animated film to be nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay

 Shrek (2001)
First film to receive the most nominations of its year without
receiving a Best Picture nomination

• Dreamgirls (2006), with eight nominations

First persons from India to win in any music category

• A. R. Rahman won Best Original Score & Best Original Song ("Jai Ho") for
Slumdog Millionaire (2008).
• Gulzar also won Best Original Song ("Jai Ho") for Slumdog Millionaire (2008).

First Middle Eastern/North African actor to be nominated for acting

• Omar Sharif, nominated for Best Supporting Actor for Lawrence of Arabia
(1962).
• First Middle Eastern movie to win Best Foreign Language Film
A Separation (2011), representing Iran.

Film records
Most nominations for a single film
Two films received 14 nominations.
• All About Eve (1950)
• Titanic (1997)

Most Oscars without winning Best Picture

Cabaret won 8 awards (1972)

Most nominations without any wins

Two films received 11 nominations without winning any awards.
• The Turning Point (1977)
• The Color Purple (1985)

Most nominations without a Best Picture nomination

• They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1969) with 9 nominations.

Most Oscars without a nomination for Best Picture

• The Bad and the Beautiful (1952) with 5 wins

Fewest nominations for a Best Picture winner

• Grand Hotel (1932) received no nominations other than Best Picture.

Nominations in the most different technical categories

Five films have been nominated in all 7 technical categories (Cinematography,
Costume Design, Film Editing, Production Design/Art Direction, Sound Editing,
Sound Mixing, Visual Effects).
Titanic (1997)
• Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003)
• Hugo (2011)
• Mad Max: Fury Road (2015)
• The Revenant (2015)

Ac rs w m s m a sw w e Award

Peter O'Toole : 8 nominations

Richard Burton : 7 nominations
Glenn Close : 6 nominations
Julianne Moore : 4 nominations
Sigourney Weaver : 3 nominations
Johnny Depp : 3 nominations
TomCruise :3nominations
Will Smith : 2 nominations
John Travolta : 2 nominations
Edward Norton : 2 nominations
Judy Garland : 2 nominations
James Dean : 2 nominations
Harrison Ford : 1 nomination
Samuel L. Jackson : 1 nomination
 Oscar Award ers

Best Actor: Leonardo DiCaprio (The Revenant).

Best Actress: Brie Larson (Room).
Best Supporting Actor: Mark Rylance (Bridge of Spies).
Best Supporting Actress: Alicia Vikander (The Danish Girl).
Best Director: Alejandro G. Iñárritu (The Revenant).
Best Original Screenplay: Tom McCarthy (Spotlight).
Best Adapted Screenplay: Adam McKay (The Big Short).
Best Original Song: Writing’s on the Wall (Spectre).
Best Original Score: The Hateful Eight (Ennio Morricone).
Best Production Design: Colin Gibson and Lisa Thompson (Mad
Max: Fury Road).

Best Editing: Margaret Sixel (Mad Max: Fury Road).

Best Cinematography: Emmanuel Lubezki (The Revenant).
Best Sound Editing: Mark A. Mangini and David White (Mad
Max: Fury Road).
Best Sound Mixing: Chris Jenkins, Gregg Rudloff and Ben
Osmo (Mad Max: Road).
Best Foreign Language Film: Son of Saul (Hungary).
Best Documentary Feature: Amy.
Best Documentary Short Subject: A Girl in the River: The Price
of Forgiveness.
Best Live Action Short Film: Stuttered.
Best Visual Effects: Mark Williams Ardington, Sara Bennett,
Paul Norris and An Whitehurst (Ex Machina).
Best Animated Feature Film: Inside Out.
Best Animated Short Film: Bear Story.
Best Makeup and Hairstyling: Lesley Vanderwalt, Elka (Mad
Max: Fury Road).
Best Costume Design: Jenny Beavan (Mad Max: Fury Road).
Most awards: Mad Max: Fury Road (6 Awards) followed by
The Revenant (3) Spotlight (2).
Most nominations in 88th Academy Awards: The Revenant
(12), Mad Max: Fury R
(10) and The Martian (7).
 Major International Organizations of the World

! United Nations: United Nations is world's largest organization which was

formed on October 24,1945. Since then October 24 is celebrated as the
United Nations Day. The main objective of the United Nations is to make
the world a better place to live in by maintaining peace and security all over
the world. The organization headquartered at New York has got five
countries as the permanent members in its security council. They are
China, UK, USA, Russia and France. Besides this they have 10 non-
permanent members.

Structure of the Organization: The following principle bodies of United

Nations Organization.
• General A ssembly: It i s headquartered at New York, the
members are all member states of the United Nations Organization
(UNO).
• Security Council: Headquartered at New York, it has five
permanent members (mentioned earlier) who enjoy veto power and
10 non-permanent elected members. The non- permanent elected
members are elected by the General Assembly and retire on
rotation, every two years. The main function is to look after the
international peace and security.
• The Economic and Social Council: Headquartered at New
York, it consists of representatives of 54 member countries elected
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by two-third majority in the General Assembly. It functions in
international economic, social and culture-related matters.
• Trusteeship Council: Headquartered at New York, it looks after
the interests of inhabitants of territories which are not yet fully self-
governing and are governed by any administrating country
• International Court of Justice: Headquartered at the Peace
Palace the Hague, in Holland, it consists of 15 judges elected by
General Assembly and Security Council for a term of nine years. Its
function is to give legal advice on legal matters to the bodies and
special agencies of the UNO and considers the legal disputes which
are brought before it. *OUFSOBUJPOBM

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1) B.N.Rao
2) Nagendra Singh
3) R. S. Pathak

• Secretariat: It is headed by the Secretary - General who is the Chief Administrative Officer of the
UNO and supervises the activities of UNO. The Secretary - General is appointed by the General
Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council. The term is of five years and can be re-
elected after the expiry of the term.
 Secretary - General of UNO:

(i) First Secretary - General was Trygve Lie, from Norway.

(ii) At present, Ban-Ki-Moon of South Korea

is the Secretary - General of UN.

Official languages of the UNO: Arabic, French, English, Spanish, Chinese,

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Important agencies-United Nations Organization with their Headquarter:

! International Labour Organization (ILO) - Geneva

! International Atomic Energy Agency - Vienna

(IAEA)

! United Nations Education, Scientific and - Paris

Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

! World Metrological Organization (WMO) - Geneva

! World Health Organization (WHO) - Geneva

! Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) - Rome

! United Nations Development Programme - New York

(UNDP)

! General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) - Geneva

[Now known as World Trade Organization (WTO)]

! United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund - New York

(UNICEF)

! International Development Association - Washington

(IDA)

! United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - Nairobi

! International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Washington.D.C

! United Nations Fund for Population Activities - NewYork

(UNFPA)

! United Nations Conference on Trade and Development - Geneva

(UNCTAD)
Other Organizations:
North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( N A T O ) Primarily concerned with
individual as well as collective security of the member nations, many countries signed
the Treaty which gave birth to NATO on 4, April 1949. The organization is
headquartered at Brussels in Belgium. The members are USA, UK, Canada, Denmark,
Belgium, France, Iceland, Italy Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Norway,
Greece, Spain, Turkey and former West Germany.

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC): It was formed on

December 8, 1985, at Dhaka but the idea for tie organization was first mooted by
the former President of Bangladesh Z i a - u r - Rahman. T here are members in the
organization
The Secretariat of SAARC is at Kathmandu (Nepal).

Commonwealth Countries
The Common Wealth: This is an association of independent states which
originated in 1947 and formally made up the Empire. The symbolic head of the
Commonwealth is the British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II. At present, there are over
50 countries which are the members of the Commonwealth.
Group of 77: For d e f ending the economic and trade interests of t he d e v e l oping
world, this organization was established under the auspices of UNO in 1964.

Organization of Petroleum E xporting Countries (OPEC): For controlling t he

production a nd p r i c i ng of c rude oil, OPEC was established o n N o vember 14,1960.
Its headquarters are a t Vienna i n A ustria. Any country can be member of O P E C
provided it has substantial exports of crude petroleum. Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and
United Arab Emirates, Libya are some of the prominent members of OPEC.

Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM): The concept of Non-Aligned movement

developed by Jawahar Lal Nehru, t he first Prime Minister of Independent India. The
former m embers of this movement were.President of Egypt G.A. Nasser President of
Indonesia Dr. Sukarno President of former Yugoslavia Marshal Tito.

SEATO (South East Asia Treaty Organization)

founded Sept 4, 1954 and the headquarter is Bangkok in Thailand .

OAU(Organization of African Unity) founded May 25, 1963

and headquarter is in Addis Ababa in Ethiopia.

ASEAN(Association of South East Asian Nations) founded in

August 9, 1967 and headquarter is in Jakarta Indonesia .
World Trade Organization (WTO): By replacing General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), t came i n t o
existence on January 1 , 1 9 9 5 . An important Economic
Organization after the W orld Bank a nd International Monetary
Fund a nd it can s ettle trade disputes between nations and
encourages the principle
 of free trade to sectors such as agriculture and services, etc. India was one of the
founding members of WTO

! The Group of 15(G-15): It is an economic grouping of 15 nations of the world which

are Third World nations and was formed in 1989 in Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
summit at Belgrade.

! Amnesty International: It was established by a British lawyer Peter Berenson on

May 28,1961 in London which is its headquarters also. It is primarily concerned with
the investigation in the violations of human rights. It has more than 11 lakhs members
in about 150 countries.

! Interpol: It is an international organization of police commissions of the member

countries which are about 150 in number and was established in 1923. Its headquarters
are at Lyons In France.

! European Union (EU): It is a group of European countries which got united to

become strong — politically and economically, so that war would not be a threat any
more. This organization came into existence after Second World War, in 1957, having
its headquarters at Brussels, Belgium. At present, there are 28 members In the European
Union and the membership is open to any European country.

! Organization of Islamic Conference (QIC): Having 45 muslim countries as

members, it was established in May, 1971. It aims to promote Islamic cooperation and
solidarity.

! Red Cross:Formed by Swiss businessman J.H. Durant in 1864, it is the pioneering

organization in providing medical aid throughout the world. Red Cross Day is celebrated
on May 8; its symbol is red cross on a white background. This organization has received
Nobel Prize on three occasions.

The G r o up of Eight (G-8): It was basically group of eight countries.

W orld's richest industrialized nations, i.e. Italy, Canada, USA, UK, Japan, Germany,
France and Russia. The G8 (G7 due to Russia's suspension in 2014 ) is a governmental political
forum.
! Median Sans Frontiers (MSF): It was formed in 1971 by a small group of French
doctors who believed that all people have the right to medical care. It is a private, non-
profit organization. This organization is also known as Doctors without borders. This
delivers emergency aid to the needy. This organization won the Nobel Peace Prize for
the year 1999.

! Red Cross and Red Crescent movement: International Red Cross and Red Crescent
movement is world's largest humanitarian network, with a presence and activity in
almost every country. The movement incorporates the Geneva based International
Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the International Federation of Red Cross
and Red Crescent Societies (the international Federation) as well as National Societies
in 178 Countries. The movement covers the institutions mentioned above with
headquarters in Geneva.
! World Bank/International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) :
Established by U.N. in 1944 with the objective of assisting the member nations
for their reconstruction and development. The bank is Headquartered at Washington
D.C.
! International Monetary Fund (IMF): It provides loans to member nations to tide
over their balance of payment (lack of foreign exchange to pay for imports)
problems. It is headquartered in Washington D.C. It is also called the twin organization
of World Bank. Both of them are popularly referred to as Bretton Wood Twins.

! World Social Forum (WSF): World social forum was started in Porto Alegre in
Brazil. It is an anti globalization movement, and its annual meets are held parallel to
the annual sessions of World Economic Forum (at Davos).

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FAMOUS INDIAN BATTLES:

Year War / Battle Outcome

326 B.C. Battle of Hydaspas Porus loses to Alexander

261 B.C. Kalinga War Asoka wins but adapts Buddhism

712 A.D. Invasion of Sind Mohammed-bin-Qasim invades from the west

1191 A.D. First Battle of Tarain Prithviraj Chauhan defeats Mohammed Ghori (IPSJ

1192 A.D. Second Battle of Tarain Ghori defeats Prithviraj Chauhan

1194 A.D. Battle of Chhandwar Ghori defeats Jaichandra of Kannauj

#BCVS
1526 A.D. First Battle of Panipat Babar defeats Ibrahim Lodhi

1527 A.D. Battle of Khanua Babar defeats Rana Sanga

1529 A.D. Battle of Ghaghara Babar defeats the Afghans

1539 A.D. Battle of Chausa Sher Shah Suri defeats Humayun

Battle of Kannauj (or Sher Shah Suri defeats Humayun

1540 A.D.
Bilgram)

1556 A.D. Second Battle of Panipat Bairam Khan (representing Akbar) defeats Hemu

Battle of Talikota (or Vijaynagar empire (represented by Sadasiva) loses against an

1565 A.D.
Banihatti) alliance formed by Ahmednagar, Bijapur, Golkonda and Bidar
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1576 A.D. Battle of Haldighati Akbar defeats Maharana Pratap
 Mewar submitted to the Peace treaty signed between Jahangiri and Rana Amar Singh of
1615 A.D.
Mughals Mewar.

1649 A.D. Mughal-Safavid War Mughals lose Kandahar to Persia

Battle of Dharmatt and Aurangzeb defeats Dara Shikoh

1658 A.D.
Samugarh

1665 A.D. Seige of Purandar Raja Jai Singh defeats Shivaji. Treaty of Purandar signed

1708 A.D. Battle of Khed Shahu defeats Tara Bai.

1737 A.D. Battle of Bhopal Baji Rao defeats Mohammed Shah.

1739 A.D. Battle of Karnal Nadir Shah defeats Mohammed Shah.

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Robert Clive defeats Siraj-ud-
1757 A.D. Battle of Plassey
daula, the Nawab of Bengal

1760 A.D. Battle of Wandiwash English defeat the French

1761 A.D. Third Battle of Panipat Ahmed Shah Abdali defeats Marathas

Hector Munro defeats combined armies of Nawab Mir Qasim of

1764 A.D. Battle of Buxar Bengal, Nawab Shuja-ud-daula of Awadh and Mughal emperor
Shah Alam

1767-69 A.D. First Anglo Mysore War Hyder Ali defeats English forces

1766-69 A.D. First Anglo Maratha War British defeated

1770 A.D. Battle of Udgir Marathas defeat the Nizam

1780-84 A.D. Second Anglo Mysore War Hyder Ali dies. Treaty of Mangalore is signed
1789-92 A.D. Third Anglo Mysore War Tipu Sultan defeated. Treaty of Srirangapatnam is signed.

1799 A.D. Fourth Anglo Mysore War Tipu Sultan is defeated and killed

1803-06 A.D. Second Anglo Maratha War Marathas lose to the British

1817-19 A.D. Third Anglo Maratha War Marathas lose to the British again

1824-26 A.D. First Anglo Burmese War British win over Burmese.

1839-42 A.D. First Anglo Afghan War British defeat Afghan ruler Dost Mohammad

1845-46 A.D. First Anglo Sikh War Sikhs lose to the British

1848-49 A.D. Second Anglo Sikh War Punjab annexed by the British

1852 A.D. Second Anglo Burmese War British win the war

1865 A.D. Third Angio Burmese War British win and Burma is annexed

1868-80 A.D. Second Anglo Afghan War Treaty of Gandamak is signed

1919-21 A.D. Third Anglo Afghan War Ended in an Artimice. Durand line established.

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 INDIAN HISTORY
Indus Valley Civilization : The Indus Civilization belongs to Proto-Historic Period (Chalcolithic
Age/Bronze Age). Johan Marshall w as the first s c holar to use the term ‘Indus Civilization’. This civilization
developed on the banks of river Indus. It e x t ended f r om J ammu in the north to Ahmadnagar in the s o u t h,
a nd in various regions of G u j a r at. The m ain sites which have been f ound in the e xcavation a re :

Kalibanga in Rajasthan,
Lothal in Gujarat,
Banawali in Hissar, Haryana,
Ropar in Punjab.

Manda in Jammu and Kashmir.

Daimabad(Pravara),now Maharashtra.

Alamgirpur in UP.

Indus Valley Civilization period lies between 2500 BC - 1750 BC.The main cities associated are Harappa,
Mohen-jo-Daro and Lothal. The main feature of this civilization was the t own planning. They had great
buildings, w e ll-planned r o a d s , c ities and drainage system. Hunting and agriculture were their main
sources of livelihood. They were the first to produce cotton. The Harappan people didn’t worship their
gods in temple. N o t e m ple in fact has been discovered. An idea o f their religion can be formed from the
statues & figurines found. The chief m ale deity was the 'Pasupati Mahadeva' i.e. the lord of Animals (Proto-
Shiva) represented in seals as sittings in yogic posture; he is surrounded by four animals (elephant, tiger rhino &
buffalo) & two deer appear at his feet. Prevalence of Phallic (lingam) worship.
(A) Vedic Period: This is marked by the entry of A r y a ns, w ho w e r e o r iginally inhabitants of Central
Asia around the Caspian Sea and probably came through Hindukush mountains. Their period lies
between 1500 BC - 600 BC. The main features of Aryans were: They were the admirers of nature and
worshipped sun, fire and w ater. Yagna was an important p a rt of their religion.They had organized system
of living, and quite matured socially and politically. They had flowing religious books:
(i)Vedas (sruti): These books were their most sacred books, (These are also the oldest known
books of Indus Valley Civilization). They were four in number
1.Rigveda
2.Samveda
3.Yajurveda
4.Atharvaveda.
Each Veda has been subclassified into
four major Text Types:
! The Samhitas(mantras and benedictions)

! The Aranyakas(Text on rituals,ceremonies,sacrifices,

and symbolic sacrifices)
! Brahmanas(commentaries on rituals,ceremonies)

! Upanishads(Text Discussing medication ,philosophy,

and spiritual knowledge).
 • Ayurveda i.e. Medicine Rig Veda

• Gandharvaveda i.e. Music Sama Veda

• Dhanurveda i.e. Archery Yajura Veda

• Shilpveda i.e. the s cience of Atha a eda

Craft/Wealth (Vishwakarma).

(ii) The Puranas:The Puranas were 18 in number and contained details of Aryan
civilization, like their rituals, traditions and formulae, etc.
(iii) The Upanishads:They are the main source of Indian philosophy and are 300 in

(iv) The Brahmans and Aranyakas are importan

(B) The later Vedic Period:This period ranges f r o m 1 0 0 0 B C - 6 0 0 BC. The important f e atures
of this period are:
(i) It is also known as the period of Brahmanical Age which is very near to modern-
day Hindu religion.
(ii) Society which was mainly Hindu was. divided into four castes:
• Brahmins
• Kshatriyas
• Vaishyas
• Shudras,

depending upon the work they did in the mentioned order of preference Brahmins were the priestly
class.Kshatriya were fighters.Vaishyas were the business class & Shudras represented the labour class.
(iii) Two great epics and Shastras were written in the period namely Mahabharata by Ved Vyasa,and Ramayan by
Maharishi Valmiki.

Rise of religion

i) Buddhism
Initiated by Kshatriya price of Shakya clan, Siddartha (later came to be known as Buddha) around 6th century BC,
who was born at Lumbini(Nepal) near Kaiplavastu. He was the son of king Shuddhodhana. He we went in search of
truth and attained enlightenment under a peepal tree at Bodh Gaya, and delivered his first sermon at Sarnath in UP.
He spread his message for years and died at Kusinagar in UP. There are many sects of Buddhism, out of which three
are important viz.
Mahayana (the higher vehicle): It believes Buddha to be a God.

Hinayana (the lesser v ehicle): It d o e s not believes that Buddha was a God.
It i s a more pristine f orm of Buddhism.

Vajrayan: It is the tantric form of buddhism. Now prevelent in Laddakh and Bhutan.
Buddhism got divided into Hinayana and Mahayana at the fourth buddhist council held
during the reign of Harshavardhan.

The main Buddhist teachings are: The eight-fold path of right faith, t hought, action, livelihood, efforts,
speech, remembrance a nd c oncentration, belief in n i r vana (freedom from the c ycle of birth and
death), ahimsa, law of karma.

• Doctrine of Buddhism

Chatwari Arya Satyani (Four Noble Truths) -It is the essence of

Buddhism

1.Life is full of sorrow (Dukha) – Sabbam Dukkam.

2.There are causes of sorrow (Dukha Samudaya) – Dwadash

Nidan/ Pratitya Samutpada.
3.This sorrow can be stopped (Dukha Nirodha) – Nirvana.

4. There is a path heading to cessation of sorrow (Dukha Nirodha Gamini

Pratipada) – Ashtangika Marga.

(ii) Jainism: Founded b y Rishabha (a Kshatriya), Jainism attained peak under

Vardharnana Mahavira (the 24th Tirthankara). Mahavira was born at Kundagrama in 540 BC in Bihar,
and attained perfect knowledge, 'Kaivalya', after he became ascetic at the age of 3 0 . H e b e c ame a
'Jina' (one who has conquered h a p p i ness and m i sery) and d i ed at Pava near Rajagiri. Jainism is
divided into two sects, Digambars and Shwetambara; Former is a more pristine form, and remain naked,
while latter, wear white clothes.

The main features of Jainism are: The tri-ratna concept, consisting of:
(a) right knowledge,
(b) right faith, and
(c) right conduct. B e lief in karma and b e lief i n ahimsa,
are the other two great teachings of this religion.
Various important empires and dynasties:

Name of empires/ Period Important characteristics

dynasty

Magadh Empire Around 542 BC Prominent kings were Bimbisara,

Ajatshatru, Shishunaga and N a n d a
Founded by Chandragupta Murya, Ashoka
Mauryan Dynasty 321-289 BC was the other prominent king of this
dynasty.
Prominent rulers were Chandragupta I,
Gupta Dyansty (Golden Age) AD 320–550 Samudragupta and Chandragupta II
Harshavardhana was the last Hindu kings of
Harshavardhana AD 574–606 North India

Rajputs AD 650–1200 Prominent rulers were Prithvi Raj Chauhan

and Jaichand Rathore

Other Dynasties:

Prominent rulers were Pulkeshin I and II

Chalukyas (AD 550–642)

Prominent rulers were Rajendra Chola

Cholas – Founded by Rajaraja-I and Rajendra III

Prominent rulers were Krishna I,

Rashtrakutas (AD 753–973) Amogha Varsha

Prominent rulers were Ramachandra

Yadavas (AD 1191–1318) and S i n g h a na

Vijayanagar’sempire Krishnadevr a ya w a s t h e only prominent ruler of

(AD 1336–1646) t h e empire and ruled in the Deccan part of India.

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MEDIEVAL INDIA:
Marked by the beginning of the Sultanate of Delhi, which was established after the Qutub Minar,
construction
conquest of Muhammad Ghouri. The period of S u ltanate of elhi, ranges from
started by
1206-1526. This is considered as the beginning of Muslim rule in India.
Qutub-ud-din
(A) Dynasties: Aibak and
(i) The Slave dynasty's period ranges from ad 1206-1290: It was founded by Qutub-ud- Completed by
Iltutmish.
din Aibak and the prominent rulers of this dynasty were lltutmish and the only Muslim
woman ruler of India, Razia Sultana.
(ii) The K h ilji dynasty was founded by Jalal-ud-din Khilji and its period ranges from
AD 1290-1320. Alaud-din Khilji was one of the most prominent rulers of this dynasty.
(iii) The Tughlak dynasty was founded b y Ghiasuddin Tughlak and t he p eriod
AD 1320 - 1414. Ibn Batuta was an important African traveler who visited India in 1333.
(iv) The L odhi d y n a sty was founded b y Bahlol Lodhi a nd the period of this dynasty ranges
from 1451 -1526 A D. Sikander a nd I b r a h i m Lodhi w e r e the other two prominent
rulers b e l onging t o t h i s dynasty.
(v) One of t h e m o st i m p o r t a nt d y n a s t i es of I n d i a i s Mughal dynasty,
reigned a l m o st continuously from AD 1526 & 1857 (the longest period).

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 :

Babur: He is credited with the foundation of Mughal empire by defeating Ibrahim

Lodhi in the First Battle of Panipat on April 20,1526.
Humayun: He was the next emperor of Mughal empire after Babur.

Akbar:The most sucessful Mughal emperor excellent leader, who separated

religion and politics started a new religion called Din-e-llahi. .

Jehangir: The son of Akbar, who ascended the throne after nown
for his administration and strict sense of justice. He was the husband of famous Noor
Jahan Begum.
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Shah Jahan: Famous ruler and son of Jehangir, who built Taj Mahal at Agra, in
the memory of his wife Mumtaj Mahal.Jama Masjid and Red Fort are the other
two famous buildings that were built by him.

Aurangzeb: A very cruel ruler and son of Shah Jahan,

religious structures of Hindus, and ruled for about 50 years.

Mughal empire started declining with the attack of Nadir Shah who took the famous
Kohinoor diamond with him to Afghanistan.
Note: Afghan Ruler Sher Shah Suri was a brilliant administrator

issued the coins and built the famous Grand Trunk Road from Peshawar to Calcutta.

Monuments built by Mughals

(i) Shalimar and Nishat Bagh by Jehangir

(ii) Taj Mahal, Red Fort, Jama Masjid, Agra Fort by Shah Jahan

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Modern INDIA
In 1 4 9 8, a P o r tuguese sailor V asco Da Gama's discovery of t he
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s e a r oute to India helped i n establishing t he p o l i t i c a l structure i n
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India. East India Company of Britain came h e r e with t he excuse of
trading and soon started developing its political dominion in India
and, finally, succeeded in establishing their rule over India.
(A) Important events related to m odern Indian history:

First War of Independence (Mutiny of Sepoys): It took place in 1857, when

soldiers refused to touch the new rifle cartridges which were said to have been
greased with cover made of animal fat. Mangal Pandey was a prominent
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figure, who surfaced during this mutiny. He killed two Britishers at 3BOJ
Barrackpore, and this was also one of the causes of the mutiny.
Government of India Act, 1858: This proclaimed the direct governance of
British crown over India.
Formation of Indian National Congress: A.O. Hume is credited with the
formation of I n d ian National Congress in December 1885, which held its first
sessionat Bombay,under the
presidentship of W.C. Banerjee.
Partition of Bengal:
It took place in 1905.

Important Lords and Viceroys associated with British rule

Warren Hastings (1773-1785) -The first Governor-General of India; Regulating Act

1773 and Pitt's India Act of 1784 were passed during his tenure.

William Bentinck (1828-35) - Abolition of Sati and reducing the female infanticide.

Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856) - Mainly known for Doctrine of Lapse, responsible for
annexing number of states on the basis of this philosophy. First train from Bombay
to Thane started during his reign in 1853.

Lord Cornwallis (1786-1793) - Created a new revenue system under the permanent
settlement of Bengal.

Lord Canning The revolt of 1857 - The first Viceroy of India.

Lord Wellesley (1798-1805) - The subsidiary alliance system.

! Lord Curzon (1899-1905) - Partition of Bengal

! Thomas B. Macaulay - His advice was instrumental in

introducing English, under the leadership of William
Bentinck.

! Lord Mountbatten-The first Governor-General of Free India.

! C. Rajagopalachari-First Indian and last Governor-General of $IBLSBWBSUJ

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List of istorical events:

• 326 BC Invasion of Alexander

• AD 78 Beginning of Saka Era
• AD 1001 First invasion of India by Mahmud Ghazni
• AD 1236 Accession of only women ruler of India, Razia Sultana, to the
throne of Delhi .
• 1498 Discovery of sea route of India by Portuguese traveller Vasco 3B[JB
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da Gama, via the Cape of Good Hope
• 1526 First Battle of Panipat, between Babur and Ibrahim Lodi, Babur
won and established Mughal empire.
• 1540 Battle of Kanuaj
• 1556 Second Battle of Panipat(Akbar army led by Bairam Khan and
Hemu)
• 1576 Battle of Haldighati (Akbar and Maharana Pratap)
• 1600 East India Company was established
• 1675 Execution of the Ninth Sikh Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur
• 1757 Battle of Plassey, British Rule established through Lord Clive 3PCFSU
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• 1761 Shah Alam II became Indian emperor and Third Battle of Panipat
between Marathas and Ahmad Shah Abdali.
• 1764 Battle of Buxar
• 1784 Pitt's India Act
• 1793 Permanent Settlement of Bengal
• 1829 Ban on Sati
• 1853 First railway line
• 1857 First War of Independence
• 1885 Indian National Congress
• 1905 Partition of Bengal
• 1914 Beginning of First World War
• 1931 Gandhi Irwin Pact
• 1939 Beginning of Second World War
• 1943-44 S.C. Bose formed Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army).
IMPORTANT PRESIDENTS OF INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

Year Place President

1885 Bombay W.C. Banerjee
1986 Calcutta Dadabhai Naoroji
1887 Madras Badruddin Tayabji 8ZPNFTI
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1888 Allahabad George Yule ( European) TU
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1889 Bombay a *OEJBO
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1893 Lahore Dadabhai Naoroji
1905 Banaras G K Gokhale
1893 Calcutta Dadabhai Naoroji
1905 Banaras G K Gokhale
1906 Calcutta Dadabhai Naoroji
1907 Surat Dr. Ras Behari Ghosh %BEBCIBJ
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1917 Calcutta Mrs.Annie Besant .FNCFS

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1918 Delhi M.M. Malviya
1919 Amritsar Motilal Nehru
1923 Special Session Lala Lajpat Rai
1924 Belgaum M K Gandhi
1925 Kanpur Mrs. Sarojini Naidu
1938 Haripura S.C. Bose
1939 Tripruri S.C. Bose
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1. Bengal Gazzette 1780, in Calcutta, started by James Augustus Hickey.

It was the first newspaper of India

2. Aharatta and Kesari - Bal Gangadhar Tilk

3. New India and Common Wheel - Annie Besant

4. Harijan, Young India - Mahatama Gandhi

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A O
 Important visitors to India

1. Megasthenese (greek) in Chandragupta Maurya’s reign.

2. Fahien(Chinese) in Chandragupta II’ reign.

3. Huen Tsang (Chinese) in Harshavardhan’s reign.

4. Al Beruni accompanied Mehmood of Gazni, when he invaded India

a written an important book on India viz. Tariq-i-Hind, also known as
Kitab-i-Hind.

5. Ibn Batuta accompanied Mehmood of Gazni, when he invaded India.

6. Amir Khusro in Muhammed bin Tughlak’s reign.

7. Sir Thomas Roe at the time of Jahangir’s rule.

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 $ISJTUPQIFS

Important Years in World History $PMVNCVT

Event Year

Birth of Jesus Christ 4 B.C.

Death of Jesus Christ 29 A.D.
Birth of Prophet Mohammed 570
Emigration of Mohammed to Madina, Beginning of Hijri era 622
Death of Prophet Mohammed 632 'SFODI
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Magna Carta, first document limiting the powers of King of En land was signed 1215
Black Death, most devastating pandemic in Europe killed over 100 million people 1348-50
100 years war between England and France 1337-1453
Christopher Columbus discovers the New World 1492
Vasco da Gama discovers the sea route from Europe to India 1497-98
Defeat of Spanish Armada also known as Invincible Fleet by England 1588
Great Plague of London which killed about 1 million people in the city 1665-66
Great fire of London which destroyed about 70000 homes in the city 1666
7 years war involving the great powers of the time 1757-1763
Declaration of independence of United States of America 1776
Beginning of the French Revolution 1789
Battle of Waterloo in which Napolean was defeated 1815
The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published 1848
On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin published 1859
Slavery is abolished by the 13th Amendment in the United States of America 1865 (FPSHF
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First modern Olympic Games held at Athens 1896
Robert Peary reached the North Pole 1909 #BUUMF
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Roald Amundsen reached the South Pole 1911
Republic of China is established, Titanic sinks 1912
1st World War 1914-1918
Russian Revolution ending the Tsarist autocracy 1917
USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) came into existence 1922
Beginning of the Great Depression 1929
2nd World War 1939-1945
Dropping of Atom Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1945
Launch of Sputnik 1, marking the beginning of space age 1957
Chernobyl disaster 1986
World Wide Web invented 1990
End of apartheid in South Africa 1994
9/11 attack on World Trade Center 2001

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 History U

! Which of the following was started first by Mahatma Gandhi ? (A) Non-cooperation (B)
Civil Disobedience (C) Quit India Movement (D) Champaran Ans : (D)

! The Dandi March is associated with (A) Partition of Bengal (B) Khilafat Movement (C)
Non-cooperation Movement (D) Civil Disobedience Movement Ans : (D)

! Which Indian statesman used these, magic words, “Long years ago we made a tryst with
destiny, and now the time comes when we shall redeem our pledge……” ? (A) Mohandas
Karamchand Gandhi (B) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (C) Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose (D)
Jawaharlal Nehru Ans : (D)

! The organic relationship between the ancient culture of the Indus Valley and Hinduism of
today is proved by the worship of— (A) Pashupati, Indra and the Mother Goddess
(B)Stone, trees and animals (C) Vishnu and Lakshmi (D) Siva and Sakti Ans : (B)

! The Muslim League advocated a separate Muslim State (A) At its birth in 1906 (B)
During the Khilafat Movement (C) In 1930 , when it opposed the Civil Disobedience
Movement (D) At the Lahore Session of 1940 Ans : (D)

! Ranthambhor was (A) A Mughal Palace (B) A Rajput fort (C) Capital of the Khaljis (D)
A Buddhist pilgrimage centre Ans :(B)

! Satyagraha finds expression in (A) Sudden Outbursts of Violence (B) Armed Conflicts
(C) Non-Cooperation (D) Communal riots Ans : (C)

! The oldest form of composition of the Hindustani Vocal Music is (A) Ghazal (B)
Dhrupad (C) Thumri (D) Khayal Ans : (D)

! Frontier Gandhi was the nickname of (A) Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan (B) Vinoba Bhave
(C) None of these (D) Mahatma Gandhi Ans : (A) "MMFO
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! Who founded the Indian National Congress ? (A) A. O. Hume (B) Sardar Patel (C) /BUJPOBM
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Subhash Chandra Bose (D) W.C. Bannerjee Ans : (A)
! Which one of the following Indian languages does not have a Dravidian Origin ?
(A) Kannada (B) Marathi (C) Malayalam (D) Telugu
Ans : (B)

! The Sikh Kingdom of Punjab was annexed by the English East India Company in
(A) 1836 (B) 1839 (C) 1849 (D) 1852
Ans : (C)

! The first Indian Factories’ Act was passed in (A) 1881 (B) 1885 (C) 1891 (D) 1894
Ans (A)
:

! Which of the following was not a consequence of the British Land Revenue Policy in
India ? (A) Increasing impoverishment of the peasants (B) Growing peasant indebted-
ness (C) The spread of landlordism (D) The ruin of artisan industries Ans :(D)

! The Archaeological Survey of India was set up during the Viceroyalty of (A) Lord Lytton
(B) Lord Ripon (C) Lord Dufferin (D) Lord Curzon Ans : (D)

! Who was known as ‘The Grand Old Man of India’ ? (A) B.G. Tilak (B) G.K. Gokhale
(C) Mahatma Gandhi (D) Dadabhai Naoroji
Ans : (D)
! The most important Pre-Congress Nationalist Organisation was (A) The Indian
Association of Calcutta (B) Poona Sarvajanik Sabha (C) Bombay Presidency
Asso-ciation (D) The Madras Mahajan Sabha
Ans : (A)
! Who among the following was a leader of Prarthana Samaj ? (A) Gopal Hari Deshmukh
(B) Vasudeo Balwant Phadke (C) R.G. Bhandarkar (D) G.K. Gokhale Ans : (C)

! All India Women’s Conference was founded in (A) 1922 (B) 1927 (C) 1929 (D) 1932
Ans : (B)

! Who among the following oppo-sed the Age of Consent Bill of 1891 ? (A) Swami
Dayanand (B) Rabindranath Tagore (C) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (D) Surendranath Sen
Ans : (C)

! The worst famine in India under the British rule occurred in (A) 1860 –61 (B) 1876 –78
(C) 1896 –97 (D) 1899 – 1900 Ans : (B)

! Abhinava Bharat organised in 1904 was (A) a secret society of revolutionary activists (B)
a newspaper advocating revolutionary activities (C) a cultural organisation (D) a
trade union movement
Ans : (A)
! A newspaper Al Hilal was brought out in 1912 by (A) Dr. M.A. Ansari (B) Hakim Ajmal
Khan (C) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (D) Maulana Muhammad Ali Ans : (C) The Al-
Hilal was a news-paper established by Indian leader Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and used
as a medium for criticism of the British Raj in India. The newspaper also espoused the
cause of the Indian independence movement and exhorted Indian Muslims to join the

movement. The newspaper was shut down under the Press Act of 1914 .
! The cancellation of the partition of Bengal was announced in (A) 1909 (B) 1911 (C)
1913 (D) 1916 Ans : (B)

! Who criticised Indians for having lost touch with the rest of the World ? (A) Raja
Rammohan Roy (B) Sayyed Ahmad Khan (C) Vivekananda (D) Swami Dayanand Ans :
(C)

! All India Harijan Sangh was founded by (A) B.R. Ambedkar (B) Mahatma Gandhi (C)
Jotiba Phule (D) B.M. Malabari Ans : (B)

! Who among the following was not a leader of militant nationalism ? (A) Rajnarain Bose
(B) V.S. Chiplunkar (C) Aurobindo Ghosh (D) Sasipada Bannerjee Ans : (A)

! Who among the following was the leader of Bihar Kisan Sabha ? (A) Sahajanand
Saraswati (B) Baba Ramchandra (C) Vijay Singh Pathik (D) Shraddhanand Ans : (A)

! Who became the Vice-President of the Viceroy’s Council in the Interim Government of
1946-47 ? (A) C. Rajagopalachari (B) Dr. Rajendra Prasad (C) Jawahar Lal Nehru (D)
M.A. Jinnah Ans : (C)

! Who among the following woman social reformers was called ‘Pandita’ ? (A) Gangabai
(B) Ramabai (C) Sister Subbalaksmi (D) Annie Besant Ans : (B)

! Who was the leader of No Tax Campaign of the peasants organised in 1928 ? (A) S.A.
Dange (B) Baba Ramchandra (C) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (D) Subhash Chandra Bose
Ans : (C)

! The Second Civil Disobedience Movement was started by Mahatma Gandhi in (A) 1928
(B) 1930 (C) 1932 (D) 1934 Ans : (C)

! An All India Strike by Postal and Telegraph Workers started in (A) November, 1945 (B)
February, 1946 (C) July, 1946 (D) August, 1946 Ans : (B)

! Samhita is (A) Collection of hymns (B) Text on grammar (C) Text on Ayurveda (D)
Forest treatises Ans : (A)

! Which of the following state-ments is not true about Rigvedic Aryans ? (A) They lived in
villages. (B) They did not know gamb-ling. (C) They practised polygamy. (D) Family was
the unit of social life. Ans : (B)

! Early Vedic society was organi-sed in (A) Janas (B) Jati (C) Rajanya (D) Sabha Ans : (A)

! Who was the author of Astadhyayi ? (A) Patanjali (B) Panini (C) Magha (D)
Visakhadatta Ans : (B)

! Which of the following metal was not used by the people of the Indus Civilization ? (A)
Iron (B) Bronze (C) Gold (D) Silver Ans : (A)
! Which of the following Harappan sites is located in Gujarat ? (A) Banawali (B) Sanghol
(C) Mudiala Kalan (D) Surkotada Ans: (D)

! The hallmark of Vedic religion and culture was (A) Dhyana (B) Brahmacharya (C) Puja
(D) Yajna Ans : (D)

! Under whose patronage was the Sangam literature composed ? (A) Cholas (B) Cheras (C)
Pandyas (D) Chalukyas Ans : (C)

! What is the language of the Sangam literature ? (A) Tamil (B) Pali (C) Prakrit (D)
Sanskrit Ans : (A)

! Which of the following ideas is not associated with Buddhism ? (A) Sila (B) Prajna (C)
Pitru (D) Dhyana Ans : (C)

! The highest goal in Buddhism is (A) Nirvana (B) Madhyama Marga (C) Vinaya (D)
Atmavad Ans : (A)

! The Third Buddhist Council was convened at (A) Takshasila Sarnath (C) Bodhgaya (D)
Pataliputra Ans : (D)

! Who among the following scholars wrote ‘History of Dharam Sastra’ ? (A) D.P.
Chattopadhyay (B) P.V. Kane (C)
A.S. Altekar (D) D.C. Sarkar Ans : (B)

! Which of the following terms denotes a market centre ? (A) Prasada (B) Nigama (C)
Grama (D) Nadi Ans : (B)

! Which of the following denotes a land revenue term ? (A) Vivita Bhaga (C) Sulka (D)
Kara Ans : (B)

! Which of the following officers according to Arthasastra was entrusted with the
collection of revenue ? (A) Sitadhyaksa (B) Sansthadhyaksa (C) Samahartta (D)
Sannidhata Ans : (C)

! Megasthenes divided Indian society into (A) Four groups (B) Seven groups (C) Eight
groups (D) Twelve groups Ans : (B)

! The Mauryan King Bindusara faced the rebellion of the people of (A) Kosala (B)
Nalanda (C) Kalinga (D) Takshasila Ans : (D)

! Which sect was initially called Nirgrantha ? (A) Buddhist (B) Jaina (C) Ajivika (D)
Pashupata Ans : (B)

! Which of the following is regarded as the early Jaina Text ? (A) Sutra Kritang (B)
Tripatika (C) Mahavastu Avdana (D) Avdana Kalpalata Ans : (A)
! Which of the following is a Harappan port ? (A) Alexandria (B) Lothal (C)
Mahasthangarh (D) Nagapattanam Ans : (B)

! The commonest term for peasantry in early medieval North India is (A) Kutumbin (B)
Bhogin (C) Baddhahalika (D) Swami Ans : (A)

! By Mauryan times the main sea-port of the Ganges basin was (A) Sopara (B)
Bhragukachchha (C) Patala (D) Tamralipti Ans : (D)

! Which of the following is not an Antyaja ? (A) Chandala (B) Rajaka (C) Nata (D)
Yavana Ans : (D)

! Buddhism was introduced into Tibet from (A) The Pala Empire (B) Harsha Vardhana’s
State (C) The Kushana State (D) The Mauryan State Ans : (A)

! Which of the following state-ments is not true of Ashoka’s Dhamma ? (A) There was a
stress on non- violence (B) Capital punishment was discontinued (C) Donation to
Brahmans was stressed (D) There was a concern for master-servant relationship Ans :
(B)

! Which of the following commodities was a major item of export trade in the Kusana
period ? (A) Cotton textiles (B) Horse (C) Gold (D) Paper Ans : (A)

! Who among the following is described as a fabulously rich merchant in Buddhist

Jatakas ? (A) Vanik (B) Sarthavaha (C) Setthi (D) Apanika Ans : (C)

! Alberuni’s account of India is (A) Kitab-ul-Hind (B) Chachnama (C) Futuh-us-Salatin (D)
Tarikh-i-Yamini Ans : (A)

! Wali under the Sultans of Delhi was— (A) Provincial Governor (B) Head of Revenue
Department (C) Minister with full powers (D) Head of the State news-agency Ans : (A)

! The most powerful Kings of Northern India in the 9th and 10th Centuries were (A) The Palas
(B) The Chahmanas (C) The Rashtrakutas (D) The Gurjara Pratiharas Ans : (D)

! The view that the Rajputs were descendents of the Vedic Aryans is expressed by (A) James
Tod (B) Dashrath Sharma (C) V.A. Smith (D) C.V. Vaidya Ans : (D)

! Which Sultan replaced the system of measurement of land by crop sharing in the Khalisa
areas ? (A) Balban (B) Alauddin Khilji (C) Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq (D) Muhammad Tughlaq
Ans : (C)

! Who among the following Vijayanagara rulers bore the title of Gajabentakara ? (A) Krishna
Deva Raya (B) Deva Raya II (C) Deva Raya I (D) Rama Raya Ans : (B)
! Which Vijayanagara ruler sent an embassy to China ? (A) Harihara I (B) Krishna Deva Raya
(C) Bukka I (D) Saluva Narasimha Ans : (C)
! The first Madarsa at Delhi namely “Madrasae Muizz” was established by (A) Qutub-ud-
din Aibak (B) Iltutmish (C) Nasir-ud-din Mahmud (D) Balban Ans : (B)

! The Chishti Saint who founded a branch of Chishti Silsilah in Gulbarga was (A) Shaikh
Nasir-ud-din Chirag-i-Delhi (B) Gesu Daraz (C) Shaikh Hamid-ud- din Nagori (D) Jalal-
ud-din Tabrizi Ans : (B)

! Who among the following was not a Nirguni Bhakti Saint ? (A) Shankardev (B) Raidas
(C) Dadu (D) Dhanna Ans : (A)

! Bhramar Geet were composed by (A) Mirabai (B) Nabhadas (C) Surdas (D) Haridas Ans :
(C)

! Select the correct chronology of dynasties that ruled Vijayanagara ? (A) Sangama, Tuluva,
Saluva, Aravidu (B) Tuluva, Sangama, Saluva, Aravidu (C) Aravidu, Sangama, Tuluva,
Saluva (D) Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva, Aravidu Ans : (D)

! The largest administrative division in Vijayanagara was (A) Kottam (B) Rajyam (C)
Kurram (D) Nadu Ans : (B)

! Pushti Marg was founded by (A) Chaitanya (B) Vallabhacharya (C) Ramananda (D)
Nimbarka Ans : (B)

! Which of the following rulers of Bikaner was deposed by Jahangir ? (A) Raja Rai Singh
(B) Raja Sur Singh (C) Raja Dalpat Singh (D) Raja Karan Singh Ans : (A)

! Who made the Madad-i-maash grants completely hereditary ? (A) Akbar (B) Shahjahan (C)
Aurangzeb (D) Bahadur Shah Ans : (D)

! The Ibadatkhana was closed in the year (A) 1579 (B) 1580 (C) 1582 (D) 1583 Ans : (C)

! Who among the following Mughal Emperors made serious attempt to annex Trans-Oxiana
? (A) Humayun (B) Akbar (C) Jahangir (D) Shahjahan Ans : (D)

! Cultivation of tobacco was introduced in India during the reign of (A) Akbar (B) Jahangir
(C) Shahjahan (D) Aurangzeb Ans : (B)

! In 1585 Akbar shifted his capital to (A) Kabul (B) Lahore (C) Fatehpur Sikri (D) Multan
Ans : (B)
! Nasaq during the Mughal Period was (A) A system of land revenue assessment (B) A unit
of measurement of land (C) A Zamindari territory (D) Revenue free land grant Ans : (A)
Nasaq–A subordinate met- hod of revenue assessment which could be used under some
major method of assessment.
! Which of the following mosques is entirely made of marble ? (A) Jama Masjid at Sikri (B)
Moti Masjid in the Agra Fort (C) Qila-i-Kuhna Masjid in the Purana Qila of Delhi (D)
 Jama Masjid of Delhi Ans : (B)

! Who among the following rulers patronized musician Lal Khan Gun Samudra ? (A)
Hussain Shah Sharqi (B) Islam Shah Sur (C) Ibrahim Adil Shah II (D) Shahjahan Ans : (D)

! Dastan-i-Amir-i-Hamza was illu-strated during the reign of (A) Humayun (B) Akbar (C)
Jahangir (D) Shahjahan Ans : (B)

! The English East India Company obtained the lease of Madras in (A) 1611 (B) 1623 (C)
1639 (D) 1646 Ans : (C)

! Who among the following was imprisoned by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir ? (A) Gosain
Jadrup (B) Miyan Mir (C) Guru Ramdas (D) Shaikh Ahmad Sarhindi Ans : (D)

! In 1739 the Portuguese lost their possessions of Salsette and Bassein to (A) The Dutch (B)
The English (C) The Mughals (D) The Marathas Ans : (D)

! Lohgarh Fort was built by (A) Guru Hargovind (B) Guru Teg Bahadur (C) Guru Govind
Singh (D) Banda Bahadur Ans : (C)

! In 1585-86 the only Rajput who held the mansab of 5000 was (A) Raja Bhagwant Das (B)
Raja Raisingh of Bikaner (C) Raja Man Singh (D) Rai Surjan Hada Ans : (C)

! Who introduced the Mughal land revenue system in the Deccan ? (A) Mahabat Khan (B)
Mirza Raja Jaisingh (C) Diler Khan (D) Murshid Kuli Khan Ans : (D)

! Which one of the following according to Bernier was the owner of land in India ? (A) The
Zamindar (B) The King (C) The Khud Kashta (D) The Village Community Ans : (B)

! Haidar Ali established his authority over the State of Mysore in (A) 1755 (B) 1761 (C)
1764 (D) 1766 Ans : (B)

! In 1751 the Nawab of Bengal ceded Orissa to (A) The English East India Company (B)
The Nawab of Avadh (C) The Marathas (D) The Afghans Ans : (C)

! Which Peshwa started a long campaign against the sidis of Janjira ? (A) Balaji Vishwanath
(B) Baji Rao I (C) Balaji Baji Rao (D) Madhav Rao Ans : (B)

! Who was the founder of the Widow Remarriage Association in the 19th century ? (A) Raja
Rammohan Roy (B) Vishnu Shastri Pandit (C) Ramabai (D) Gopal Hari Deshmukh Ans :
(B)

! Shahu was granted the Chauth and Sardeshmukhi of the Deccan during the reign of (A)
Bahadur Shah (B) Jahandar Shah (C) Farrukh Siyar (D) Muhammad Shah Ans : (C)
! The arrival of Vasco da Gama in Calicut, India on (A) 1398 (B) 1495 (C) 1496 (D) 1498
See Ans(D)

! Who wrote the Book entitled ‘Ghulamgiri’ ? (A) B. R. Ambedkar (B) Narayan Guru (C)
Jyotiba Phule (D) M. P. Pillai Ans : (C)

! Which one of the following had supported Mahatma Gandhi on the Non-cooperation
resolution at the Special Calcutta Session, 1920 ? (A) C. R. Das (B) B. C. Pal (C) Annie
Besant (D) Motilal Nehru Ans : (D)

! Which one of the following books is the official History of Revolt of 1857 ? (A) Eighteen
Fifty Seven (B) Theories of Indian Mutiny (C) The Sepoy Mutiny and the Revolt of 1857
(D) None of the above Ans : (A)

! Which one of the following had for the first time accepted that British victory at Plassey was
the victory of breach of faith ? (A) Lord Clive (B) Vansittort (C) Hector Munro (D) None of
the above Ans : (D)

! Which one of the following Bengali drama was directed against Polygamy ? (A) Bhanumati
Chittavikas (B) Kulin Kulasarvasva (C) Vidhva Vivaha (D) Nava Natak Ans : (B)

Indian History

! Which revolutionary later turned into a yogi and a philosopher?– Aurobindo

Ghosh
! In which year Delhi became the capital of India?– 1911
! With reference to Indian Freedom Struggle, who was the lady representative of India at the
Second Round Table Conference? –Sarojini Naidu
! By whom was Swaraj as a national demand first made? –Dadabhai Naoroji
! Who was the Viceroy of India at the time of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre?– Lord Chelmsford
! By whom was the Indian Independence League set up?– Ras Behari Bose
! Which Urdu poets was invited, to the Second and Third Round Table Conference? –
Muhammad Iqbal
! Which first movement was launched against the British in India?– Swadeshi Movement
! By whom was first women’s university in India was founded?– Dhondo Keshave Karve
! Why was the capital of the British Indian Empire was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi?–
Calcutta was the hotbed of revolutionaries.
! In which culture is the earliest evidence of silver in India found?– Harappan Culture
! Which Indus city was known for water management? –Mohenjo-daro
! Which is the most important divinity of Rigveda? –Varuna
! Which animal was known to ancient Vedic people?– Lion
! What is Apabhramsa? –a work of the Jains
! Who was a contemporary of Gautama Buddha?– Vardhaman Mahavira
! Which transferred his capital from Patliputra to Vaishali ?– Shishunaga
! Which was initially the most powerful city state of Indian in the 6th century B. C. ?–
Magadh
! In which century did Ashoka reign? –Third century B.C.
! To which dynasty did Senguttuvam belong? –Chera
! Who was the founder of the French East India Company? –Colbert
! Where was the Arya Samaj setup for the first time in 1875 ? –Bombay
! Who founded the Banaras Hindu University? –Madan Mohan Malviya
! What was the greatest invention of man in Palaeolithic Age? –Fire
! Which was the main characteristic of the later Vedic age?– Caste system
! By whom were the triratnas were stressed?– Mahavira
! In which battle Porus was defeated by Alexander?– Hydaspes
! What was the script used in the earliest Tamil inscriptions?– Brahmi
! Who earned the title of a 'Liberator' ?– Ashoka
! Nalanda University flourished during the reign of which ruler?– Harsha
! Who started the first newspaper in India?– James A. Hickey
! Who pioneered Khilafat Movement?– Ali Brothers
! Which was the first metal used by man?– Copper
! Which Veda contains the Gayatri Mantra?– Rigveda
! By whom was the Fourth Buddhist-Council held?– Kanishka
! Between which was the ancient town of Takshasila located?– Indus and Jhelum
! During the Sangam Age, Uraiyur was the capital of which rular?– Cholas
! Who were the first to establish trade contacts with the Roman empire?– Tamils
! By whom was Decimal system introduced?– Bhaskara
! Which general of Alauddin Khalji conquered Deccan a number of times ?– Malik Kafur
! Of which thing were the Indus Valley houses built?– Bricks
! In which place Aryans first settled?– Punjab
! With which religion is Kalvalya associated? –Jainism
! Where did Alexander die? –Babylon
! To whom was the title 'Devanam Priya' given? –Ashoka
! From when Vikrama era started?– 57 B.C.
! How was the Gupta administration? –Monarchial
! Which ruler died while playing 'Chaugan' ?– Jalal-ud-din-Khilji
! Tulsidas wrote Ramacharitamanas during the which reign? – Akbar
! By whom was Agra Fort built?– Akbar
! In which year was the Harappan Civilization discovered? – 1921
! Where has the largest concentration of Harappan sites been found? –Ghaggar-Hakra
! Where was a copper chariot of Harappa times was discovered? –At Daimabad
! Where has Rock cut architecture in Harappan culture context been found? –At Dholavira
! The people of the Indus Valley Civilization usually built their houses of which thing?–pucca
bricks
! Which Indus Civilization site gives evidence of a dockyard? –Lothal
! Lothal is a site where dockyard of which of the following civilization were found? –Indus
Valley
! Panini, the first Grammarian of anskrit language in India, lived during which century? –
5th - 6th century BC
! Which God is the most prominent in ‘Rigveda’? –Indra
! In which language was the ‘Shrimad Bhagavad Gita’ originally written? –Sanskrit
! The greatest development in the Kushana period was in which field? –Art
! A Buddhist Council during the reign of Kanishka was held at which place? –Kashmir
! Which dynasty was associated with Gandhara school of Art? –Kushans
! Who presided over the Buddhist Council held during the reign of Kanishka at Kashmir? –
Vasumitra
! The ‘Paditrupputtu’ is a collection of poems in the praise of which king? –Chera
! Which were the patrons of Sangam, an assembly of Tamil poets? –Pandya
! Who was the author of ‘Kural’ or ‘Muppal’, a treatise on polity, ethics and social norms,? –
Tiruvalluvar
! Which is called ‘The Bible of Tamil Land’? –Kural
! Who was the founder of Pattini cult related to worship of goddess of chastity-Kannagi? –
Sengattuvan
! Samudragupta has been given the title of ‘Indian Napolean’ by which historian? –V. A.
Smith
! The decimal numeral system, including the concept of zero was invented in India during
which dynasty? – Gupta
! In which century did the famous Chinese pilgrim Fahien visit India? –5th century AD
! The Prayage Prasasti/Allahabad Pillar Inscription is associated with which dynasty? –
Samudragupta
! The silver coins of the Gupta period were known by which name? –Rupyaka
! During which Gupta king’s reign did the chinese traveller Fahien visit India? –
Chandragupta II
! Which king of the Gupta Dynasty was called the’ Napolean of India’? –Samudragupta
! In whose court was a Chinese embassy sent by Tang emperor? –Harshavardhana
! Which sources of Islam is associated with the teachings of Prophet Mohammad?– Quran
! The decimal system was first known in India at the beginning of which century? –5th
Century AD
! The first major inscription in classical Sanskrit is that of which king? –Rudradaman
! Which is considered an encyclopedia of Indian Medicine? –Charaka Samhita
! In India, who was the first to put forward the theory that the earth revolves round the sun?
–Aryabhatta
! Who constructed the world famous Jagannath Temple at Puri? –Anantvarman
! The Laxman Era was started (in 1119 AD) by which dynasty? –Sens
! Which Rajput king defeated Muhammad Ghori for the first time? –Prithviraj Chauhan
! Where did the Lingaraja Temple built during the medieval period? –Bhubaneswar
! Vikramasila Mahavihara was established by the ruler of which dynasty? –Pal Dynasty
! Who is well known for his contribution in the field of Algebra? –Bhaskara
! Who founded four mathas in the four comers of India? – Shankaracharya
! Which Chola ruler converted the Bay of Bengal into a ‘Chela lake’? – Rajendra I
! Where is the famous Idol of Gomteshwar and famous jain temple situated? – Sravanbelgola
! Which one of the Chola kings conquered Ceylon (Sinhal) first? –Rajaraja I
! By whom was the ‘Ramayan’ the Tamil version of the great epic Ramayana made?–
Kamban
! Which one of the Chola Kings conquered Ceylon? –Rajendra I
! Which religion was patronised by Rashtrakutas? –Jainism
! Which was the South Indian state famous for its naval power? –Cholas
! Rath temples at Mahabalipuram were built in the reign of which Pallava ruler? –
Narasinghvarman I
! Who were the ashta-diggaja in the court of Krishnadeva Raya ? –Eight telugu poets
! Which Bahmani ruler built the famous Gol Gumbaj at Bijapur? – Muhammd Adil Shah
! Sufi Kalam, a type of devotional music, is the characteristic of which state? –Kashmir
! Which ruler of Vijayanagar had sent his embassy to the emperor of China?–Bukka I
! When Babur invaded India who was the ruler of Vijayanagara empire in South India? –
Krishnadeva Raya
! The Bahmanis of the Deccan rose to prominence in which century? –14th century
! Which region of India was ruled by Sultan Zainul Abidin ? –Kashmir
! Which Sultan of Delhi was known as Lakh Bakhsh (giver of Lakhs)? –Qutubuddin Aibak
! Who was the last ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate? –Mahmud Shah
Tughlaq
! Timur, the Lame invaded India during the reign of which ruler? –Mohammad Shah Tughlaq
! Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq shifted his capital from Delhi to which place? –Daulatabad
! Who was the first woman ruler of medieval India? –Razia Sultana
! Who witnessed the reign of seven Sultans of Delhi? –Amir Khusarau
! Which Delhi Sultan is known for introducing market control mechanism? –Alauddin Khalji
! Who was known as Tuti-e-Hindustan (the parrot of India)? –Amir Khusrau
! The Sufi Saint Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti came to Rajasthan during the reign of which ruler?
–Prithviraj Chauhan
! Amir Khusrau played a pioneer rule in the development of which thing? –Khari Boli
! Where is the Shrine of Hazarat Nizamuddin Auliya is situated? –Delhi
! Which Sultan of Delhi was refused an audience by Nizamuddin Auliya? – Jalaluddin Firoz
Khalji
! Which philosophical system was founded by Vallabhacharya? – Suddhadvaita
! Bhakt Tukaram was a contemporary of which Mughal emperor? –Jahangir
! Who was the Hindu saint to have as disciple both Hindus and Muslims? –Sri Chaitanya
! Who was the first Bhakti saint to use Hindi for the propagation of his message? –Ramananda
! Which type of act wast the Pitts India Act of 1784 ? –Regulating Act
! Who was the medieval king responsible for introducing the silver coin called 'tanka' in North
India? –Iltutmish
! What was the mean of 'Sita' in Maurya age means? –revenue from crown land
! Who was associated with the formation of the Deccan Educational Society? –B. G. Tilak
! Who had pleaded from the side of Indian National Army Officers in their Red Fort trial? –Sir
J. B. Sapru
! Who has described the uprising of 1857 as the First Indian War of Independence? —V. D.
Savarkar
! Which one of the following describes best the concept of Nirvana in Buddhism? —The
extinction of the flame of desire
! Who translated Ramayana into Persian in accordance with the wishes of Akbar? — Abdul
Qadir Badauni
! When were High Courts established in Bombay, Madras and Calcutta? – 1861
! Who was the first to estimate National Income ? – Dadabhai Nowroji
! Tipu Sultan asked help from which foreign ruler to fight the East India Company ?- Napolean
 First in INDIA

Women
! Prime Minister—Indira Gandhi
! Woman who crossed English Channel through Swimming—
! Governor—Sarojini Naidu (U. P.)
! I. P. S.—Kiran Bedi
! President of National Congress—Anne Besant
! Chairman of the Union Public Service Commission—Rose-William Baithu 3FJUB
'BSJB 4VTINJUB
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! Winner of Nobel Prize—Mother Teresa (for peace)
! Awardee of Miss World—Reeta Faria 1966
! Awardee of Miss Universe—Sushmita Sen
! Mayor— Tara Charian (Madras- 1957 )
! Minister in Central Cabinet—Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
! Chief Minister—Sucheta Kriplani
! Parliamentrian—Radhabai Subbarayan ( 1938 )
! Judge of Supreme Court—Justice Meera Sahaib Fatima Bibi
! Chief Justice of High Court—Justice Leela Seth (Himachal Pradesh)
Rajkumari Amrit Kaur 4VDIFUB
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! Session Judge of the Counting—Anna Chandi (Kerala)
! Mountaineer who climbed (Conquered) the Mt. Everest—Bacchendri Pal
! Awardee of Norman Barlog Prize—Dr. Amrita Patil
! Literature who was awarded the Sahitya Akademi award— Amrita Pritam ( 1956 )
! Honoured with ‘Bharat Ratna’—Indira Gandhi
! Awardee of Lenin peace award—Aruna Asaf Ali
! Awardee of Jananpith Purshkar—Asha Purna Devi ( 1976 )
! Woman who reached ‘Antarctica’—Mahel Musa ( 1977 )
! Woman who reached the North Pole—Pritisu Gupta ( 1993 )
! Woman who travelled All round the world—Ujjawala Patil ( 1988 ) by Boat
! Chief Engineer—P. K. Tresia Naguli
! Pilot—Flying Officer Sushma Mukhopaddhyaya
! Air Lines Pilot—Capt. Durga Banerjee
! Commander of Boeing 737 Plane—Capt. Saudamini Deshmukh .44VCCVMBYNJ
! Paratrooper of Indian Air Force—Geeta Ghosh
! First television news broadcaster—Pratima Puri
! Participated in mustic programme of U.N.O.—M. S. Subbulaxmi ( 1966 )
! Woman participated in Olympic games—Meri Lila Row ( 1952 )
! Woman who won the medal in Olympic games—Malleshwari (weight lifting—Sydney)
! Woman who won the Gold Medal in Asian games—Kamaljeet Sidhu ( 1970 , 400 metre)
! Woman who won the medal in Commonwealth games—Anil Ghiya and Kawal Thakur
Singh (woman Doubles Badminton, 1978 )
! Medal winner in International Athletic Championship—Anju B. George ( 2003
Paris)
! Grandmaster winner in Chess—Bhagyashri Thispey ( 1988 )
! One hundred wicket taker in International Cricket—Indulgi ( 1986 )
! Awardee of Arjun Purskar—N. Lamsden (Hockey, 1961 )
/FFSKB
#IBOPU

! Woman who made hat-trick in football—Youlandade a ( 1978 )
! Awardee of Ashok Chakra—Neerja Bhanot (Posthumously
! Awardee of Sena Medal—Vimla Devi ( 1988
7JKBZMBLTINJ
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! egree of graduation—Kadamb ni Ganguly (Bose) and Chandramukhi Bose (Kolkata
University, 1883 )
! Awardee of B. E. degree—Ella-Majumdar ( 1951 )
! M.B.B.S. Degree awardee—Vidhumuti Bose and Virginia Mitter (Kolkata Medical
College)
! First Surgeon—Dr. Prema Mukherjee
! Deputy Governor of Reserve Bank—K. J. Udesi ( 2003 )
! Chairman of NABARD—Ranjana Kumar
! D. I. G. (Police)—Kanchan Chaudhry Bhattacharya
! Lieutenant General—Punita Arora
! Chairman of Indian Air lines—Shushma Chawla
! Barrister—C. Sorabji (Allahabad High Court- 1923 )
! Advocate—Regina Guha Cornelia
! Ambassador—Vijayalaxmi Pandit (U.S.S.R.- 1947 ) Sorabji
! Woman who crossed over Gibralter Strait by Swimming—Arati Pradhan
! World Record in Powerlifting—Sumita Laha ( 1989 )
! Represented the nation in all three games (Cricket, Hockey and Basketball)—
Shrin Khushro Kiyasa
! First Commercial test Pilot of the world—Capt. Surun Darsi and Capt. Rose Lopar
! Pilot of Indian Air Force—Harita Daoel
! Twice scaled the Mt. Everest—Santosh Yadav
! Ramon Magsaysay Prize awardee— Kiran Bedi
! Heroin awarded Dada Sahaib Phalke Prize—Devika Rani Rorik ,BMQBOB
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! Youngest woman who scaled the Mt. Everest twice—Decky Dolma
! Scientist who was awarded Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar award—Ashima Chatterjee
! Foreign Secretary—Chokila Ayyar
! First Chief Secretary of the Country—Nirmla Buch
! First Space traveller—Kalpana Chawla
! Joint Director of C.B.I.—Archana Sunder Lingam
! Winner of Murti Devi Prize—Pratibha Rai
! Woman Contested the Presidential election—Capt. Laxmi Sahgal
! Air Vice-Marshal and Air-Marshal in Indian Air Force—P. Bondyopaddhyay
! Non-military Police Advisor in U.N.O.—Kiran Bedi
! Revenue Secretary—Vinita Rai
! Referee in Boxing—Rajia Sabnam
! First woman of Indian origin who stayed for the longest time in space—Sunita William
Pt.Jawaharlal
Nehru
Male (First in NDIA)
! First Governor-General of Independent India—Lord Mountbatten
! Indian Governor- General of Independent India—Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
! Chief of the Indian Armed Forces— General K. M. Carriappa
! Field Marshall—General S. H. F. J. Manekshaw
! President—Dr. Rajendra Prasad
! Vice-President—Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan
! Prime-Minister—Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru

! British Governor-General —Warren-Hastings

! Space traveller—S. Leader-Rakesh Sharma
! I. C. S.—Satyendra Nath Tagore
! Swimmer who crossed over the English channel by swimming—Mihir Sen
! Raman-Magsaysay awardee—Acharya Vinoba Bhave
! Nobel prize winner—Rabindra Nath Tagore
! President of National Congress—Wyomesh Chandra Banerjee
! Speaker of Lok Sabha—G. B. Mavlankar 4VLVNBS
! Chief Election Commissioner—Sukumar Sen 4FO
! Indian Chairman in International Court—Justice Dr. Nagendra Singh
! Foreigner awardee of Bharat Ratna—Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan
! Leader of the Indian Antarctica Mission—Dr. Syed Zahuv Quasim
! Chief Justice of Supreme Court—Justice Hiralal J. Kania
! Awarded with ‘Bharat Ratnas’—Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan, Chakravarti
Rajgopalachari, Sir C. V. Raman
! Posthumally Bharat Ratna Awardee—Lal Bahadur Shastri
! Person awarded Bhartiya-Gyan-Peeth Purskar—G. Shankar Kurup (Malayalam 1965 )
! Successful Surgeon who transplanted heart—Dr. P. Venugopal
! Successful heart transplanted person—Devi Ram ( 1994 )
! President of National Human Rights Commission—Justice Rangnath Mishra
! Hindi Literature person-Bhartiya Gyan Peeth Purskar—Sumitra Nandan Pant
! Indian who won the World Billiard award—Wilson Jones
! Indian who won the Grammy award—Pt. Ravi Shankar
! Person delivered the Lecture in Hindi in U.N.O.—Atal Behari Vajpayee ( 1977 )
-BM
#BIBEVS
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! Indian member in British House Parliament— Dada Bhai Nawroji ( 1892 )
! Mountaineer who scaled Mount Everest 8 times—Sherpa-Augarita Pt.Ravi Shankar
! Writer who was awarded ‘Vyas Samman’—Ramvilas Sharma
! Indian Managing Director of World Bank—Gautam Kazi
! Player awarded ‘Padam Bhusan’—C. K. Naidu
! Indian players played Davis Cup—M. Salim and S. M. Jacob (Singles), .
S. Dare (Doubles) ( 1921 )
! Indian origin player who played the test cricket—K. S. Ranjeet Single (from England)
! Scientist elected for Lok Sabha—Dr. Meghnad Saha
! Scientist awarded Ghanshyam Das Birla award—Prof. Ashish Datta ( 1991 )
! Literature who was awarded Murti Devi Purskar—C. K. Nagraj Rao ( 1993 )
! Person, who became High Commission in Great Britain—V. K. Krishna- Menon
! Indian who was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize—Dr. Safuddin Kichlu ( 1952 ) "CIJOBW
! First Indian who contested the election for British Parliament—Lal Mohan Ghose #JOESB
! An Indian, appointed the judge of High Court, during British period—Ram Prasad Ram
! Indian member of Viceroy Executive Council—Sir. S. P. Sinha
! Chairman of Finance Commission—K. C. Niogi
! Indian member of American Congress—D.Singh
! Bowler who took hat-trick in Test Cricket—Harbhajan Singh
! Batsman who made 300 runs in test Cricket—Virendra Sehwag
! First Indian who individually won the Gold medel in Olympic games—Abhinav Bindra
! First Indian who won the Bronze medel in Boxing in Olympic games—Vijendra Kumar
 First in the World

First Heads of State

First Prime Minister of Pakistan Liaqat Ali

First Prime Minister of England Robert Walpole
Mujibur
First President of United States of America George Washington Rehman
First Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Mujibar Rehman
First President of Chinese Republic Sun Yat Sen
First Prime Minister of Australia Sir Edmunton Barton
David Ben-Gurion Sun Yat Sen
First Prime Minister of Israel
First State President of South Africa Charles Robberts Swart

First in the World - Men

First man in space Yuri Gagarin USSR

First person of African descent in space Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez Cuba
First man to reach the North Pole Robert Peary Edmund USA
First man to scale Mt Everest Hillary Roald New Zealand
First man to reach the South Pole Amundsen Norway
First man to circumnavigate the world Enrique, Magellan's slave Malay
First man to land on the moon Neil Armstrong USA
First Secretary General of the United Nations Trygve Lie Norway

Amundsen
 Valentina Tereshkova
First in the World - Women

First woman in space Valentina Tereshkova USSR

First woman to cross the Atlantic(solo flight) Amelia Earhart USA
First woman to scale Mt Everest Junko Tabei Japan
First woman to win an Olympic gold Charlotte Cooper England
First woman Prime Minister in the world Sirimavo Bandaranaike Sri Lanka
First American woman in space Sally Ride USA

First Woman Prime Ministers/Presidents in the World

Srimavo Bandaranaike Sri Lanka Prime Minister

Golda Meir Israel Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi India Prime Minister
Margaret Thatcher Junko Taibei
United Kingdom Prime Minister
Benazir Bhutto Pakistan Prime Minister
Khaleda Zia Bangladesh Prime Minister
Edith Cresson France Prime Minister
Kim Campbell Canada Prime Minister Smt.Pratibha
Australia Patil
Julia Gillard Prime Minister
Yingluck Shinawatra Thailand Prime Minister
Angela Merkel Germany Chancellor
Corazon Aquino Philippines President

Chandrika Kumaratunga Sri Lanka President

Megawati Sukarnoputri Indonesia President
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Liberia President Margaret
Pratibha Patil India President Thatcher
Dilma Rousseff Brazil President
Park Geun-hye South Korea President
Ameenah Gurib-Fakim Mauritius President
Bidhya Devi Bhandari Nepal President

Benazir Bhutto
 Indian and World Geography

World Geography
Cosmology Important Facts
• The Universe or the Cosmos, as perceived today, consists of millions of galaxies. A galaxy 5IF
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is a huge congregation of stars that are held together by the forces of gravity.
• Edwin Hubble, in 1924, first demonstrated the existence of galaxies beyond the Milky Way. He
proved these galaxies a r e flying away f r om e a c h o t her and that the farther they are the
faster they fly. This means that the universe is expanding like a balloon that is being blown up.

• In 140 AD, Ptolemy propounded the theory that the earth was the centre of the universe and the
sun a n d other heavenly bodies revolved around it. In 1 543, Copernicus argued t hat t he
s un and not t h e earth was the centre of the universe.However, he still equated t h e universe
with the solar system. Kepler supported Copernicus but said that the sun was the centre of the
solar system and not the universe. In 1805, Hershel made it clear that the solar system was a part
of the much larger system of stars called galaxy.
• Our Galaxy is the Milky Way (Akash Ganga). It is spiral in shape.It consists of over a 100 billion
stars rotating and revolving about its centre.The nearest spiral galaxy is Andromeda.
• The B ig Bang Theory evaluates that 15 b i l l i on y e ars ago, c osmic matter ( universe) w as in an
extremely compressed state,from which expansion started b y a primordial explosion. This
explosion broke up the superdense ball and cast its fragments far out i nto space, w here t h ey are
still traveling at thousands of miles per second.
Measurement Units of Space are :
• Light Year : It is the distance covered by light in one year in vacuum at a speed of 3 105 km/s.
• Astronomical Unit (A.U) : It is the mean distance between the earth and the sun. One light
year is equal to 60,000 A.U.
• Parsec : It represents the distance at which the mean radius of earth’s orbit subtends an angle
of one second of an arc. It is equal to 3.26 light years.
• Stars are self – luminous bodies that account for 98 per cent of the material in the galaxy.
The rest 2 percent consists of interstellar or galactic gas and dust in an attenuated form.
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• A star’s colour indicates the temperature of its surface. Blue colour denotes maximum
temperature. Then comes yellow, then red, etc.
• The life of a star is spread over billions of years. It begins to form by compression of
galactic gas and dust. Compression generates heat which in turn causes hydrogen to be
converted into helium in nuclear fusion, thereby emitting large amount of heat and light.
• If the star is of sun’s size, it becomes a White Dwarf. Their central density can reach up to
10grams per cubic cm.
• If die star is bigger than the sun but not more than twice as big, it will turn into a Neutron
Star or Pulsar. Their Central density is 1014 grams per cubic cm. They are formed due to
Novae or Super novae explosion. #MBDL
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Stars having mass greater than three times that of the sun, because of their great gravitational
power, have contracteso much that they have developed super density of 1016 grams per cubic
cm. It is so dense that nothing, not even light, can escape from its gravity and hence called ‘Black
Hole’.
• Brightest star outside our Solar System is Sirius, also called Dog Star.
• Closest star of Solar System is Proxima Centauri (4.2 light years away). Then come Alpha
Centauri (4.3 light years away) and Barnard’s Star (5.9 light years away).
Earth Solar System
• Earth solar system consists of :
• The Sun
• The Planets
• Dwarf Planets and countless fragments of left – overs called asteroids, meteors, comets and satellites
of the planets (Called small solar system
Bodies).

Solar System Some Facts

• Biggest Planet: Jupiter
• Smallest Planet: Mercury
• Nearest Planet to Sun: Mercury
• Farthest Planet from Sun: Neptune
• Nearest Planet to Earth: Venus
• Brightest Planet: Venus
• Brightest star after Sun Sirius
• Planet with maximum satellites: Jupiter
• Coldest Planet: Neptune
• Hottest Planet: Venus
• Heaviest Planet: Jupiter
• Red Planet: Mars
• Biggest Satellite: Gannymede
• Smallest Satellite: Deimos
• Blue Planet: Earth
• Morning/Evening Star: Venus
• Earth's Twin: Venus
• Green Planet: Neptune
• Planet with a big red spot: Jupiter
• Lord of the Heavens: Jupiter
• Greatest Diurnal Temperature: Mercury

Earth Movement
• The Earth also called Blue Planet. It is the densest of all planets.
• Earth Circumference : 40,232 Kilometers.
• Earth A r ea: 510 million Square Kilometers Average distance from sun: 149 million kms.

• Earth Perihelion : Nearest position of earth to sun,The earth reaches its perihelion on January 3 every year at a
distance of about 147 million-Kilometers. .

• Aphelion : Farthest position of earth from sun. The earth reaches its aphelion on July 4, when the
earth is at a distance of 152 million Kilometers.
• The shape of the earth is oblate spheroid or oblate ellipsoid (i.e. almost spherical, flattened a little
at the poles with a slight bulge at the centre.

Types of Earth Movements:

• 1. Rotation or daily movement.
• 2. Revolution or annual movement.

Earth Rotation
• Spins on its imaginary axis from west to east in 23 hrs, 56 min and 40.91 sec.
 • Rotational velocity at equator is 1667 Kilometers/h and it decreases towards the poles, where it is zero.

Earth’s rotation results in 3PUBUJPO

• i . Causation of days and nights;
• ii . A difference of one hour between two meridians which are 15° apart;
• iii. Change in the direction of wind and ocean currents;
• Rise and fall of tides everyday.
• The longest day in North Hemisphere is June 21,
w h i le shortest day i s on 22 D e c ( Vice-versa in S. Hemisphere).
• Days and nights are almost equal at the equator.

Earth Revolution
• It is earth’s motion in elliptical orbit around the sun.
Earth’s avera e or ital velocit is . Kilometers/s.

• Takes 365 days, 5 hrs, 48 min and 45.51 sec. It results in extra day .
• Revolution of the earth results in i . Change of seasons
ii . Variation in the lengths of days and nights at different times of the year
iii . Shifting of wind belts
iv . Determination of latitudes.
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The 4 Earth Seasons are:
• Spring: On March 21, the sun is directly overhead the equator. This is the season of spring in
the northern hemisphere.
• Summer: On June 21, the sun is directly overhead the Tropic of Cancer. Thus, the northern
hemisphere experiences summer.
• Autumn: On September 23, the sun returns to the equator, and the northern hemisphere experiences
autumn.
• Winter: On December 22, the sun is at the Tropic of Capricorn, and the northern hemisphere
experiences winter.
Earth Latitude and Longitude
Earth Latitude
• Imaginary lines drawn parallel to the equator.
Measured as an angle whose apex is at the centre of
the earth
• The equator represents 0° latitude, while the North Pole is 90° N and the South Pole 90° S
• 23½° N represents Tropic of Cancer while 23½° S represents Tropic of Capricorn.\
• 66½° N represents Arctic Circle while 66½° S represents Antarctic Circle.
• There are total 181 latitudes including the equator. Each parallel of latitude is a circle, but they are not
equal.
• The circle becomes smaller towards the poles.
Equator is the ‘Greatest Circle’ that can be drawn on
the earth’s surface.
• The distance between any two parallels of latitude is always equal.

Earth Longitude
• It is the angular distance measured from die-centre of the earth. On the globe the lines of longitude are
drawn as a series of semicircles that extend from the North Pole to the South Pole through the
equator. They are also called meridians.
• The distance between any two meridians is not equal. At the equator, 1 degree = 111 km. At 30°N or S,
it is 96.5 km. It goes on decreasing this way until it is zero at the poles.
 • There are 360 meridians of longitude. The prime meridian is a longitude of 00, passing through the
Royal Observatory at Greenwich near London.
• This meridian is taken by geographers to divide the earth into the eastern and the western hemispheres.
• Each meridian of longitude is a semi-circle. 180° meridian (International Date Line) lies exactly
opposite to 0 ° meridian. Such points are called Antipodl Points.
The earth is divided into 24 longitudinal zones, each being 15° or 1 hour apart in time (4 minutes /
degree).
Longitude and Time
• Places that are on the same meridian have the same local (sun) time. Since the earth makes one
complete revolution of 360° in 24 hours, it passes through 15° in one hour or 1° in 4 minutes.
• The earth rotates from west to east, hence places east of Greenwich see the sun earlier and gain time
whereas places west of Greenwich see the sun later and lose time.
• India, whose longitudinal extent is approx. 30°, has adopted only one time zone, selecting the 82.5°E
for the standard time which is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of GMT (Greenwich Mean Time).

International Date Line

• It is the 180° meridian running over the Pacific Ocean, deviating at Aleutian Islands, Fiji, Samoa and
Gilbert Islands.
• Travelers crossing the Date Line from west to east (i.e., from Japan to USA) repeat a day and
travelers crossing it from east to west (i.e., from USA to Japan) lose a day.

Earth Eclipses
Earth Lunar Eclipse
When earth comes between sun and moon.
Occurs only on a full moon day. However, it does not occur on every full moon day
is so small and the plane of its orbit is tilted about 5°
with respect to the plane of t h e earth’s orbit. It is for this reason t hat e clipses do not o ccur
e very month.
This light i s r ed a atmosphere scatters the o t her c olors present in sunlight in greater
amounts than it does red.
Earth Tides
Refer to the phenomenon of regular rise and fall of the sea water. Though both sun and moon exert
gravitational force on earth, resulting in the production of tides, the moon, by nature of it closeness
to the earth, has greater control over the timings of the tidal rises and falls.
• The interval between two tides is 12 hrs and 26 minutes.
Spring Tide
• When the sun, moon and the earth are in a straight line, the gravitational force is at its greatest because
tide producing forces of both sun and moon complement each other and they pull together. This
produces tides of unusually great range, called the spring tide.
• These occur about twice a month: at new moon when the sun and the moon are in conjugation and at
full moon when they are in opposition.

Neap Tide
• Lowest magnitude as the tide producing forces of sun and moon act opposite to each other, as they
form a triangle.
• This happens during phases of first and third quarter, i.e., at half moon, the sun’s tide producing force
tends to balance the tide producing force of the moon., resulting in tides of unusually small range
known as neap tides.
 Internal Structure of Earth
• The Crust of Earth
• It is the outermost and the thinnest layer of the earth’s surface, about 8 to 40 km thick. The crust
varies greatly in thickness and composition – as
small as 5 km thick in some places beneath the oceans, while under some mountain ranges it extends
up to 70 km in depth.
• The crust is made up of two layers- an upper lighter layer called the Sial (Silicate + Aluminium) and
a lower
• density layer called Sima (Silicate + Magnesium).
• The average density of this layer is 3 gm/cc.
• The average density of this layer is 3 gm/cc.

The Mantle of Earth

• This layer extends up to a depth of 2900 km.
• Mantle is made up of 2 parts: Upper Mantle or Asthenosphere (up to about 500 km) and Lower
Mantle. Asthenosphere is in a semi-molten plastic state, and it is thought that this enables
the
lithosphere to move about it. Within the asthenosphere, the velocity of seismic waves is
considerably reduced (Called ‘Low Velocity Zone’).
• The line of separation between the mantle and the crust is known as Mohoviricic Discontinuity.
• The Core of Earth
• Beyond a depth of 2900 km lies the core of the earth. The outer core is 2100 km thick and is in molten
form due to excessive heat out there. Inner core is 1370 km thick and is in plastic form due to
the combined factors of excessive heat and pressure. It is made up of iron and nickel (Nife) and is
responsible for earth’s magnetism. This layer has the maximum specific gravity.
• The temperatures in the earth’s core lie between 2200°c and 2750°c.
Note: Temperature Inside the Earth: In the first 100
km, 12° increase per km. In the next 300 km, 2° increase per km. After that it is 1° increase per
km.

Composition of Earth
• Made up of over 100 elements.

The following 8 are important:

• Oxygen
• Silic
• Aluminium
• Iro
• Calcium
• Sodium
• Potassi
• Magnesiu

Earth Rocks Rocks of Earth

• Any aggregate of material particles that forms part of the earth’s crust is called a rock.

There are 3 major types of rock types : Igneous Rocks

• Formed by the solidification of molten magma from the interior of the earth.
• Most abundant of the three types of rocks (95%).
 • All other types of rocks originate from these rocks, thus called Primary rocks.

Sedimentary Rocks
• Made up of weathered remains of igneous rocks.
Also contains fossils of plants and animals.
• Comprise only about 5% of the earth’s crust but cover about 75% of the total land surface.
• The layers of sedimentary rocks hold all reserve of coal, oil and natural gas.
• Also known as Stratified Rocks because of the layers.

Sedimentary rocks fall into three main groups:

• 1. Mechanically Formed: These are called clastic sedimentary rocks; the sediments are largely
derived from pre-existing rocks that have been broken down and then transported by water, wind or
ice to form rocks.
• 2. Organically Formed Rocks: These rocks are derived from remains of plants (e.g. peat, lignite,
bituminous coal), or animals (e.g., chalk and coral).
• 3. Chemically Formed: E.g., Gypsum, salt rock, etc

Metamorphic Rocks
• Sometimes igneous or sedimentary rocks metamorphize or change due to great ‘pressure, intense
temperature or the action of water and chemical activity.

Earthquakes Earthquakes
• Tremors or vibrations of earth’s surface produced by internal forces.
• The point of origin of earthquake is called Seismic focus.
• The point on the earth’s surface vertically above the earth’s surface is called Epicentre.
• The passage of earthquake waves is recorded by Seismograph.
• The magnitude of waves is measured on Richter’s scale. For measurement of the intensity of the
earthquake (damage caused), the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale is used.

Types of Waves Earthquakes

• 1. Primary Waves (P-Waves): Travel from the point of happening by the displacement of
surrounding particles.
They are transmitted through solids, liquids and gases. Travels fastest.
• 2. Secondary Waves (S-Waves): Travels through solids only. Thus they cannot pass through core.
• 3. Surface Waves or Long Waves (L-Waves): Travels on earth’s surface and causes maximum
destruction. They are recorded after the P and S waves.

Distribution of Earthquakes
• Around the Pacific Ocean along a belt of volcanoes known as the Ring of Fire. 68 per cent of the
volcanoes are experienced in this region.
• From the middle of Asia (Himalayas, Caspian Sea) through the Mediterranean Sea to West Indies.
21 per cent earthquakes are experienced in the region.
• Mid-Atlantic ridge belt which accounts for 11 per cent of the earthquakes

Earth Volcanoes
• A volcano is a vent or opening usually circular in form through which heated materials consisting
of gases, water, liquid lava and fragments of rocks are ejected from the highly heated interiors to he
surface of the earth.
Classification of Volcanoes
1. Classification on the basis of Periodicity of Eruptions:
 • Active Volcano: Volcano which erupt periodically.
E.g. Maona Loa in Hawaii, Etna in Sicily, Vesuvius in
Italy, Stromboli in Mediterranean Sea, etc.
• Dormant Volcano: Volcano which has b e e n q u i e s c e n t
ut in which there is a possibility of e r u ption.
E.g. Fujiyama in Japan, Krakatoa i n I n donesia, B a rren island
Volcano in Andamans, etc.

Distribution of Volcanoes in the World

• About 15% of world’s active volcanoes are found along the ‘constructive or divergent’ plate
margins, whereas 80% volcanoes are associated with the ‘destructive or convergent’ plate boundaries.

Earth Mountains
Types of Mountains
• Fold Mountains of the World: They are formed when the rocks of the crust of the earth folded under
stress, mainly b y f o r c e s o f c o m pression s e r i es of earthquakes). E.g. aa a
Old Mountains
• They belong to pre-drift era, then subjected to denudation and uplift; many faults were formed; occur
as relict mountains today. E.g. Pennines (Europe), Appalachians (US), Aravallis (India).
• Relict Mountains: Sometimes, the mountains are carved out as a result of erosion of plateaus & high
planes by various agents of erosion. E.g., Highlands of Scotland, Sierras of Spain, Catskill mountains
of New York and Nilgiri, Parasnath, Girnar, Rajmahal of India. "SBWBMMJT

Major Mountain Ranges of the World

• Andes -South America -6,960
• Himalayas-Karakoram-Hindukush -South Central Asia 8,850
• Rockies -North America 4,401
• Great Dividing Range-East Australia -2,228
• Western Ghats-7Western India- 2,637
• Caucasus Europe, -Asia -5,642
• Alaska -USA -6,194
• Alps -Europe -4,808
• Apennines -Europe -2,912
• Ural -Asia -1,895
• Pennines -Europe -893
• Pyrenees-Europe- 3,404
• Appalachian -North America- 2,040
• Cyclones in World
• It is a system of very low pressure in the center surrounded by increasingly high pressure outwards.
• In this, the winds blows in a circular manner in Anticlockwise direction in Northern Hemisphere.
Clockwise direction in Southern Hemisphere.
• In the temperate region, they occur due to the coming close and imperfect mixing of two masses of air
of contrasting temperature and humidity conditions. Cycles of this type are also known as Wave Cyclones
or Temperate Cyclones.
• On the other hand, in the tropical regions, they occur due to intense heating up of air in some regions
causing very low pressure in these locations. Tropical seas and oceans are most conducive to the
development of tropical cyclones.
 These are known as :
• Cyclones – in the Indian Ocean
• Hurricanes – in the Caribbean Islands
• Typhoons – in the China Sea
• Willy-Willies – in the North West Australia
• Tornadoes – in coastal US.
• Twisters – in Mississippi Valley, USA 5ZQIPPOT )VSSJDBOF
Riverside Cities - World

City River Country -POEPO

5IBNFT

Amsterdam Amsel Netherlands
Antwerp Schelde Belgium
Baghdad Tigris Iraq
Belgrade Danube Yugoslavia
Berlin Spree Germany
Bonn Rhine Germany
Budapest Danube Hungary
Cairo Nilew Egypt
Glasgow Clyde Scotland 1BSJT
PO
4JFOF
Hamburg Elbe Germany
Karachi Indus Pakistan
Lahore Ravi Pakistan
London Thames England
Moscow Moskva Russia
New York Hudson USA
Paris Seine France
/FX
:PSL
PO
)VETPO
Quebuc St.Lawrence Canada
Yangon Irrawaddy Myanmar
Rome Tiber Italy
Tokyo Sumida Japan
Vienna Danube Austria
Warsaw Vistula Poland
Washington Potomac USA

Continents of the World

World Continents
• Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Europe, Australia and Antarctica are the seven continents
of the world.
• These seven continents were believed to be part of Pangaea which was a single landmass around 250
million years ago.
• Due to the tectonic movement, the landmass broke up and the component continents separated and
moved away to its present position. All these took around 1 million years to complete.

The Continents of the World,

• Asia Continents Countries
• Africa Continents Countries
• North America Continents Countries
• South America Continents Countries
 • Europe Continents Countries
• Australia Continents Countries
• Antarctica Continents Countries

Indian Geographical Location

• Lying between latitude 4 N to 37°6 N and from longitude 68°7 E to 97°25 E, the country is divided
into almost equal parts by the Tropic of Cancer (passes from Jabalpur in MP).
• The southernmost point in Indian Territory, (in Great Nicobar Island) is the Indira Point (6°45), while
Kanyakumari, also known as Cape Comorin, is the southernmost point of Indian mainland. The
country thus lies wholly in the northern and eastern hemispheres.
• The 82°30 E longitude is taken as the Standard Time Meridian of India, as it passes through the middle
of India (from Naini, near Allahabad)

Area Geography & Boundaries Geography

• India stretches 3,214 km from North to South & 2,933 km from East to West.
• Geography Area of India : 32,87,263 sq. km.
Accounts for 2.4% of the total world area and
roughly 16% of the world population.
• Mainland India has a coastline of 6,100 km.
Including the Lakshadweep and Andaman and
Nicobar Islands, the coastline measures about
7516.6 km.

• In India, of the total land mass:

Plains Geography: 43.3%
Plateaus: 27.7%
Hills: 18.6%
Mountains Geography: 10.7%
• In the South, on the eastern side, the Gulf of Mannar
& the Palk Strait separate India from Sri Lanka.
• Total land neighbours: 7 (Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Myanmar).

• India’s Islands include the Andaman & Nicobar Islands in Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep, Minicoy
& Amindive Islands in the Arabian Sea.

The Andaman and Nicobar Group

• Andamans is a group of 204 islands of which the largest is Middle Andaman.
• The Andamans are believed to be extensions of mountains system in the N.E. part of the country.
• Saddle Peak (737 m) in N.Andaman is the highest peak.
• The Nicobars is a group of 19 islands of which the largest is Great Nicobar. Most of them are
volcanic in nature.
• Great Nicobar is the southernmost island and is only 147 km away from Sumatra island of Indonesia.
• Volcanic Islands: Barren and Narcondam Islands.
Barren is in the process of eruption these days after
lying dormant for 200 years.

The Arabian Sea Group

• All the islands in the Arabian Sea (Total 25) are coral islands and are surrounded by Fringing Reefs
(North :Lakshadweep, South: Minicoy).
Important Points
 • Ten Degree Channel separates Andamans from Nicobars (Little Andaman from Car Nicobar)
• Duncan Passage lies between South Andaman and Little Andaman.
• Nine Degree Channel separates Kavaratti from Minicoy Island.
• Eight Degree Channel separates Minicoy Island (India) from Maldives.

Rivers of India
• In India, the rivers can be divided into two main groups:
• 1. Himalayan Rivers
• 2. Peninsular Rivers

Himalayan Rivers of India

In this three major river systems are there: The Indus System
• It has a total length of 2880 km (709 km in India).
Rises in Tibet (China) near Mansarovar Lake.
• In Jammu and Kashmir, its Himalayan tributaries are: Zanskar, Dras, Gartang, Shyok, Shigar, Nubra,
Gilgit, etc
• Its most important tributaries, which join Indus at various places, are: Jhelum (725 km), Chenab (1800
km), Ravi (720 km), Beas (470 km) & Sutlej (1050 km).
• According to the Indus Water Treaty signed between India and Pakistan in 1960, India can utilize
only 20% of the total discharge of Indus, Jhelum and Chenab.

The Ganga System

• It is 2525 km long of which 1450 km is in Uttarakhand and UP, 445 km in Bihar and 520 km in West
Bengal.
• The Ganga, the head stream is constituted of two main rivers – Bhagirthi and Alaknanda, which
combine at Devprayag to form Ganga.
• Before Alaknanda meets Bhagirthi at Devprayag, Mandakini meets Alaknanda at Rudraprayag.
• Sources: Bhagirthi from Gaumukh, Alaknanda from Badrinath, Mandakini from Kedarnath (all from
Uttarakhand).

The Brahmaputra system

• It has a total length of 2900 km. It rises in Tibet (from Chemayungdung glacier), where it is called
Tsangpo, and enters the Indian territory (in Arunachal Pradesh) under the name Dihang.
• Important Tributaries: Subansiri, Kameng, Dhansiri, Manas, Teesta.

In Bangladesh, Brahmaputra is known by the name of Jamuna while Ganga gets the name Padma.

• Mahanadi River (858 km) : Rises in Raipur distt. in Chhatisgarh. Main tributaries: lb, Seonath,
Hasdo, Mand, Jonk, Tel, etc.
• Godavari River (1465 km) : Also called Vriddha Ganga or Dakshina Ganga. It is the longest
peninsular river. Rises in Nasik. Main tributaries: Manjra, Penganga, Wardha, Indravati, Wainganga,
Sabari, etc.
• Krishna River (1327 km) : Rises in Western Ghats near Mahabaleshwar. Main tributaries: Koyna,
Dudhganga, Panchganga, Malprabha, Ghatprabha, Bhima, Tungabhadra, Musi, etc.
• Cauvery River (805 km) : It is the largest peninsular river (maximum amount of water). Infact, it is
the only peninsular river which flows almost throughout the year. Known as the ‘Ganga of the South’.
West Flowing Rivers in India
Narmada River (1057 km) : Has only l/10th part in Gujarat. Rises in Amarkantak Plateau and flows
 into Gulf of Khambat.It forms the Dhuandhar Falls near Jabalpur. Main tributaries: Hiran, Burhner, Banjar,
Shar.

• Tapti River (724 km) : Rises from Betul district ,also known as twin or h a n d m a i d of N a r m ada.
Main tributaries: Purna, Betul, Arunavati, Ganjal, etc.
• Sabarmati River (416 km) : Rises from Aravallis in Rajasthan.
• Mahi River (560 km) : Rises from Vindhyas in MR
• Luni River (450 km) : Rises from Aravallis. Also called Salt River. It is finally lost in the marshy
grounds at the head of the Rann of Kuchchh.
Note:
• The largest man-made lake in India is Indira Sagar Lake, which is the reservoir of Sardar Sarovar
Project, Onkareshwar Project and Maheshwar Project in Gujarat-MP.
• Chilka Lake (Orissa) is the largest brackish water lake of India. Otherwise also, it is the largest lake
of India.
• Wular Lake (J & K) is the largest fresh water lake of India. D l Lake is also there in J & K.
• From Sambhar and Didwana Lake (Rajasthan), salt is produced.
• Other important lakes are Vembanad in Kerala and Kolleru & Pulicat in AP.

The three important Gulfs in the Indian Territory are:

• Gulf of Kuchch (west of Gujarat) : Region with highest potential of tidal energy generation
• Gulf of Cambay or Gulf of Khambat (Gujarat) :
Narmada, Tapti, Mahi and Sabarmati drain into it.
• Gulf of Mannar (south east of Tamil Nadu) :
Asia’s first marine biosphere reserve.

Climate Seasons in India

• In India, the year can be divided into four seasons, resulting from the monsoons which occur mainly
due to the differential heating of land and movement of the sun’s vertical rays.

The vertical rays of the sun advance towards Tropic of Cancer from mid-March, due to which hot and dry
weather arrives. As temperatures rise over most of northern and Central India, a vast trough of low pressure
is created. The highest temperature experienced in South is in April while in North it is in May and June.
• This part of the year is marked by a dry spell and the north-western parts of the country experience
hot, dry winds, called loo.

Agriculture in India Cropping Seasons in India

• Kharif Crops of India
• Sown in summers between May a n d J uly, and harvested after the rains, in September and October. e.g:
Rice, Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Cotton, Jute, Sugarcane, Tobacco, Groundnut, Pulses, etc.

Rabi Crops of India

• Sown at the beginning of winter and harvested before the onset of the summer season, between Feb
and April. Eg: Wheat, barley, oilseeds, gram, potatoes, etc.

Zayad Crops
• They a r e raised b e tween April and June. e.g. : Melon, watermelon, cucumber, toris, leafy and other
vegetables.
 Cash Crops of India (Commercial Crops)
• Grown mainly for the market, only a small portion of the product is consumed by the farmers
themselves (cotton, sugarcane) etc.

Important National Park in India

• Kaziranga National Park - Golaghat/Nagaon (Assam)

• Manas Tiger Sanctuary – Barpeta (Assam)
• Keoladeo National Park - Bharatpur (Rajasthan)
• Sundarbans Tiger Sanctuary - Paraganas (West Bengal)
• Bandhavgarh National Park - Shahdol (Madhya Pradesh)
• Kanha National Park - Mandla (Madhya Pradesh)
• Dudwa National Park - Lakhimpur Kheri (Uttar Pradesh)
• Chandraprabha Sanctuary - Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh)
• Corbett National Park - Nainital (Uttarakhand)
• Rajaji National Park - Dehradun, (Uttarakhand)
• Dachigam National Park - Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir)
• Ranthambore Tiger Sanctuary - Sawai Madhopur (Rajasthan)
• Ghatprabha Bird Sanctuary - Belgaum (Karnataka)
• Bandipur National Park – Mysore (Karnataka)
• Gir National Park - Junagarh (Gujarat)
• Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary - Ahmedabad (Gujarat)
• Hazaribagh National Park - Hazaribagh (Jharkhand)
• Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary - Nellore (Andhra Pradesh)
• Mudumalai Sanctuary - Nilgiris (Tamilnadu)
• Periyar Sanctuary - Idduki (Kerala)
• Simlipal Tiger Sanctuary - Mayurbhanj (Odisha)
• Gahirmatha Turtle Sanctuary - Kendrapara (Odisha)
• Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary - Bhagalpur (Bihar)
• Silent Valley National Park - Palakkad, (Kerala)
• Rani Jhansi Marine National Park - Andaman & Nicobar Island
• Campbell National Park - Andaman & Nicobar Islands
• Galathea National Park - Andaman & Nicobar Island
• Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park - Andaman
& Nicobar

Largest Producers of crops in India

• The largest producer o f w heat i n I n d i a -Uttar rades

• The largest producer of sugarcane in India -Uttar Pradesh
• The largest producer of groundnut in India -Gujarat
• The largest producer of tea in India - Assam
• The largest producer of coffee in India -Karnataka
• The largest producer of jute in India -West Bengal
• The largest producer of tobacco in India -Andhra Pradesh
• The largest producer of bananas in India -Tamilnadu
• The largest producer of onion in India -Maharashtra
• The largest producer of black pepper in India -Kerala

Railways in India
• Indian railway system is the largest in Asia and the fourth largest in the world. It is the biggest
departmental public undertaking in the country.
• The first train ran in India between Bombay and Thane, a stretch of 34 km. on April 16 1853.
• The Indian Railways celebrated its 150th anniversary on April 16, 2003. To commemorate the
occasion, 16 January – Shatabadi inter – city express trains were announced to be inducted.
• The second train ran between Howrah and Hooghly in 1854.
• The headquarters of Indian Railway is in New Delhi.
• The first electric train in India was ‘Deccan Queen’.
It was introduced in 1929 between Bombay and Poona.
• Indian Railways has the second biggest electrified system in the world after Russia.
• The fastest train in India is the Shatabadi Express whose maximum speed is 140 km/hr.
• The total route covered is approx 63,000 km.
• The total number of railway stations in India is 7,100.
• The longest railway platform in India is at Gorakhpur.
• Mumbai is the destination where maximum number of trains in India head for.
• The longest train route is of ‘Himsagar Express’ from Jammu Tavi to Kanyakumari. It covers a
distance of 3,726 km and passes through ten states.
• The first Metro Rail was introduced in Kolkata (W.Bengal) on October 24, 1984. The two stations
connected were Dumdum and Belgachhia.

• The Indian Railways operate in three different gauges :

• 1. Broad Gauge Railway (Distance between rails is 1.67 m).
• 2. Metre Gauge Railways (Distance between rails is 1.00 m).
• 3. Narrow Gauge Railways India (Distance between rails is 0.762 or 0.610 m).

Railway Manufacturing Units :

• Chittaranjan Locomotive Works : Located in Chittaranjan (W.B) and manufactures electric engines.
• Diesel Locomotive Works : Located in Varanasi (U.P) and manufactures diesel engines.
• Integral Coach Factory in India : Located in Perambur (TN) and manufactures rail coaches.
• Wheel and Axle Plant : Locatedat Yalahaka (Bangalore, Karnataka) and manufactures wheels and axles.
• Diesel Component Works : Locatedat Patiala (Punjab) and manufactures components of diesel engines.
• Rail Coach Factory in India : Located at Kapurthala (Punjab) and manufactures rail coaches.

Road Transport in India

• India’s road network is one of the largest in the world. T he total length of roads is more than 33 lakh
km approx. or the purpose of maintenance and construction, roads are classified into National Highways,
State Highways, District Highways, Village Roads, Border Roads, etc.
• National highways are maintained by the Central Government, State highways by the respective state
government while D i s trict highways by the respective District Board. B o r d er r o ads a n d
I nternational highways are also die responsibility of Central Government. The present length of the
N a t i o n al Highways in India is approx. 70,548 km. They constitute only 2% of the total road network in
India and carry n e a r ly 40% of the total road traffic.
Some of the Important National Highways are:
• NH 1: New Delhi – Ambala – Jalandhar – Amritsar.
• NH 2: Delhi – Mathura – Agara – Kanpur – Allahabad – Varanasi – Kolkata.
• NH 3: Agra – Gwalior – Nasik – Mumbai
• NH 4: Thane and Chennai via Pune and Belgaun.
• NH 5: Kolkata – Chennai
• NH 6: Kolkata – Dhule
• NH 7: Varanasi – Kanyakumari
• NH 8 : Delhi – Mumbai (via J a i p u r ,B a r o da A h m e d a b ad)
• NH 9: Mumbai – Vijaywada
• NH 10: Delhi – Fazilka
• NH 11: Agra – Bikaner
• NH 12: Jabalpur – Jaipur
• NH 24: Delhi – Lucknow
• NH 27: Allahabad – Varanasi
• NH 28: Barauni – Lucknow
• NH 29: Gorakhpur – Varanasi
• NH 56: Lucknow – Varanasi
• NH – 7 is the longest highway of India

Airports in India :

• Begumpet Airport, Hyderabad

• Calicut International Airport, Calicut
• Chatrapati Shivaji International Airport, Mumbai
• Chennai International Airport, Chennai
• HAL Airport, Bangalore
• Goa Airport in Vasco da Gama city, Goa
• Lokpriya Gopinath Bordolio International Airport, Guwahati
• Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi
• Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport, Kolkata
• Raja Sansi International Airport, Amritsar
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport, Ahmedabad
• Thiruvananathapuram International Airport, Thiruvananathapuram

PORTS :
• Kolkata Port (including Haldia) : Kolkata is a riverine port, located about 128 km from the Bay of
Bengal on the banks of river Hooghly. Haldia was developed because excessive silting prevented
the entry of large marine vessels in Kolkata.
• Paradip Port : Located on the Orissa coast along the Bay of Bengal. India exports raw iron to
Japan from here.
• Vishakhapatnam Port : The deepest port, located in Andhra Pradesh. It serves the Bhilai and
Rourkela steel plants.
• Chennai Port : Oldest artificial harbour. This port ranks only second after Mumbai in terms of the
traffic handling capacity.
• Ennore Port : Declared a major port in 2001. It is the first port with corporate participation. Provided
with all the modern facilities for handling the thermal coal required for Tamil Nadu Electricity
Board Power Station.
• Tuticorin Port : It came into existence during the reign of Pandya kings. It has an artificial deep
sea harbour.
• Cochin Port : A fine natural harbour located on Kerala coast. Handles the export of tea, cofee and
spices and import of petroleum and fertilisers.
• New Mangalore Port : The ‘Gateway of Karnataka’.
Handles the export of iron-ore of Kudremukh.
• Marmugao Port : It has a naval base. India’s leading iron-ore port.
• Mumbai Port : A natural port, India’s busiest. A new port, Nhava Sheva, is being developed near
Mumbai port.
• Jawaharlal Nehru Port : Occupies the 5th position in the world’s faster growing ports.
• Kandla Port : Called the ‘offspring of partition’ as it was developed after the partition as a substitute
of Karachi port. It is a tidal port and a free trade zone located in the Rann of Kachchh.

IMPORTANT POINTS
Major Ports
• The first person to use the word geography was –Erastosthenes (276 – 194 BC)
in India
• The First presented the India on the world map –Tolmie
• 10 latitude give the seperatio of – 111 kms
• 10 Longitude is equal to – 4” (minutes)
• The Closest capital to tropic cancer – Ranchi
• 3 capitals are above to Tropic of Cancer – Jaipur,Aizwol,Agarthala

• The atmosphere layer which reflects radio – waves is known as - Lonosphere

• Which State is known as the name of Black Water? -Andaman and Nicobar

• Which latitude divides India into two parts? – 23 ½ 0

• The largest delta in the world is – The delta of Ganga

• The type of climate in India is – Monsoon

• Most of the iron in India is found in – Dharwar Rocks

• Ozone layer is found in – Stratosphere

• “Ring of fire” refers to – Circum – Pacific Seismic belt
• Willy – Willy is the tropical cyclone occurring in –
Coast of North – west Australia
• On which river, the Baglihar Hydro- powr project is located?
– Chenab
• The term Regur refers to – Black cotton Soil
• Which two peninsular rivers flow through troughs?
Narmada and Tapi
• How much area does India cover of the total geographical area of the world?
– 2.42 %
• The length of the Indian coastline is 7516.6 km
 Mountain ranges:

Name Continent
Himalaya-Karakoram Asia
Rockies North America
Alps Europe
Andes South America

Mountain peaks:

Name Continent Hgt(mtr)

Everest Asia 8848
K2 (Godwin Austen) Asia 8,610
Kanchanjunga Asia 8,590
Lhotse Asia 8,500
Makalu Asia 8,470
Dhaulagiri Asia 8,170
Nanga Parbat Asia 8,130
Nanda Devi Asia 7,820

Water Sources of the World:

Lakes
• Caspian (also called the Caspian Sea, Asia)
• Superior (largest fresh water lake) USA/Canada
• Baikal (deepest lake of the world), Russia.
• Titicaca (highest lake of the world),
South America.
Canals (Shipping): .BKPS
-BLFT
JO
UIF
8PSME

(1) Panama Canal: It links the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean.
It is located in Central America and is 58 kilometres long. "OHFM
'BMMT
(2) Suez Canal: It links the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea.
It is in Egypt and is 169 kilometres long.

Angel Waterfall which is in Venezuela,

highest waterfall in the world having a height of 979 metres.
Important Rivers of the world:

Name Length (km) Location

Nile 6,690 Egypt, Africa
Amazon 6,570 Brazil, South America
Mississippi-Missouri 6,020 USA, North America
Yangtze-Chiang 5,980 China, Asia
HwangHo 4,840 China, Asia
Niger 4,800 Nigeria, Africa
Congo 4,800 Zaire, Africa
Murray 3,720 Australia
Volga 3,700 Russia, Asia
Indus 3,180 India and Pakistan, Asia
Brahmaputra 2,960 India, Asia
Danube 2,820 Austria,
Hungary Yugoslavia

Important National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries:

Name Location

Bandipur National Park Border of Karnataka and

Jim Corbet National Park Nainital, Uttaranchal

Dachigam Sanctuary Dachigam

Ghana Bird Sanctuary Bharatpura, Rajathan

Gir National Park Junagarh, Gujarat

Kanha National Park Chhatishgarh

Kaziranga National Park Jorhat Assam

Penyar Sanctuary Idduki Kerala

Ranthmbore Tiger Sanctuary Swaimadhopur, Rajasthan

Sariska Sanctuary Alwar, Rajasthan

Snarvethy Sanctuary Shimoga, Karnataka

Similipal Tiger Sanctuary Mayurbhanj, Orissa

Sonal Rupal Sanctuary Teapur, Assam

Sundarbans Tiger Reserve South 24 Parganas,

Tungabhadra Sanctuary Bellary, Karnataka

Wild Ass Sanctuary Rann of Kutch ,Gujarat

Sobriquets

Distinctive Name Country / Place

Bengal's Sorrow Damodar river

Blue Mountains Nilgiris

City of Arabian Nights Baghdad

City of Palaces Kolkata

City of Seven Hills/Eternal city Rome

City of Skyscrapers /Empire city / Big Apple New York

City of the Golden Gate San Francisco

City of Joy Kolkata

Commercial Capital of India Mumbai

Dairy of Northern Europe Denmark

Dark Continent Africa

Forbidden City Lhasa (Tibet)

Garden of England Kent

Garden City of India Bangalore

 Gate of Tears Bab-el-Mandab,J erusalem

Gateway of India Mumbai

Gift of the Nile Egypt

Golden City Johannesburg

Great White Way Broadway (New York)

Hermit's Kingdom Korea

Holy Land Palestine

Island of Pearls Bahrain

Key to the Mediterranean Gibraltar

Land of Five Rivers Punjab

Land of a Thousand Lakes Finland

Land of Cakes Scotland

Land of Kangaroos Australia

Land of Lillies /Lady of Snow Canada

Land of Morning Calm Korea

Land of the Golden Fleece Australia

Land of the Golden Pagoda Myanmar

Famous Deserts:

Sahara Desert – Africa

Atacama Desert – South America
Arabian Desert – Arabian Peninsula
Gobi Desert – Mongolia ,China (Asia)
Kalahari Desert – Southern part of Africa.
Patagonian Desert – South America
Great Victorian Desert – Australia
Syrian Desert – North Arabian Peninsula
Great Basin Desert – United States.
 Some important facts about Indian agriculture
(1) Green Revolution was launched in India in 1967-68 for improving agricultural

productivity.
(2) Operation Flood was initiated in 1970 and mainly aimed at improving the milk production

(3) Yellow Revolution for improving oil seed production.

(4) Blue Revolution for fisheries

(B) Forests: India has about 2% of the world's area under forest cover. About 21% India is
covered by forest The target as per the national forest policy is to cover 33% of area by forests
CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

The Constitution of I ndia was framed b y the D rafting C ommittee which was appointed b y the
Constituent Assembly. The Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution was Dr Bhimrao
Ambedkar. The Constituent Assembly adopted t he Constitution o n November 26,1949. On January
2 6,1950,1ndia became republic as the C onstitution came I nto force. Originally, there were eight
Schedules a nd 3 9 5 Articles. T here are four m ajor parts of t he Constitution of India at present:

Preamble

(2) Parts I to XXII having over 400

Articles

(3) Twelve Schedules

(4) Appendix

The Preamble: hro h the nd a end ent, the words and have
een added to the rea le.

(A) mportant features of Indian constitution, borrowed from outside sources

Features Source

1. Fundamental rights U.S. Constitution

2. Directive Principles of State policy Irish Constitution

3. Emergency provisions Weimar constitution of Germany

4. Parliamentary system of governance, British

Constitution Single citizenship
5. Federation with a strong centre Canadian constitution

6. Fundamental duties Soviet Union, Japan

(B) Important Articles in Indian Constitution and their areas of focus

rticles Focus areas

1. Articles 5 - 11 Citizenship
2. Article 21 Right to life
3. Article 32 Right to constitutional remedies
4. Article 44 Uniform civil code
5. Article 51A Fundamental duties
6. Article 61 Impeachment of president
7. Article 110 Definition of money bill
8. Article 123 Ordinance making powers of president
Establishment of election commission of
9. Article 324
India
 10. Article 300A Right to property
11. Article 280 Finance commission
12. Article 352 National emergency
13. Article 356 Emergency in states
14. Article 360 Financial emergency
15. Article 368 Amendment of Constitution
16. Article 370 Special status of Jammu and Kashmir
17. Article 371 Special provision for Maharashtra and Gujarat

(C) Fundamental Rights

(1) Right to Equality
(2) Right to Freedom
(3) Right against Exploitation
(4) Cultural and Educational Rights
(5) Right to Freedom of Religion
(6) Right to Constitutional
Remedies
(7) Right to Education
(8) Right to Life
(9) Right to Information
Note: he right t o p r o perty, e a r l i er, u s ed t o b e a f undamental right.
It has now been converted into a legal right thro h the forty-second amendment in the constitution
in the ear 1978.
Directive Principles of s t ate p o licy: They come under P art IV of t he C o n stitution. T h ey are
b a s i c a lly instructions to the g o v e r n m ent t o c arry out c ertain responsibilities. T h ey cannot be
enforced in any court of law.

(D) Structure of the Union Government

President: He i s t he constiutional head of t h e parliamentary system of t h e g o v e r n m e nt a nd

the Supreme Commander of t he a rmed forces. e i s e l ected by an electoral college consisting of t he
elected members of the State Legislatures and both the Houses of the Parliament, for a period of
f ive years. He can be removed f r o m t he office for violating t he Constitution b y impeachment
under the Article 61. He is responsible for appointing the senior officials including the Prime
Minister.
Vice President: Elected by the members of an electoral college consisting of the members of both the
H o u ses of the Parliament. He is elected f or a tenure of five y e ars. H e i s t he E x - o f ficio Chairman
of the Rajya Sabha. He is the person who works in place of t he President, in sit ation s s ch as the
president s death, resignation, or when the president is unable to discharge his functions due to any
reasons.
Important facts about the of the

President of India:
(1) Dr Rajendra Prasad was the first President of India and has served the nation for the lon est
ever d ration of ears
2) At present Shri.Pranab Mukherjee is the President of India.
Vice President of India:

(1) Dr S. R a d hakrishnan was the first v i c e p r e s i d e n t o f I n d i a who served for a

ten re of 10 years, the lon est servin d ration of an vice president. He was also a well - known
philosopher .
(2) At present, Mr.Mohammad Hamid Ansari is the ice President and Ex-officio
Chairperson of the a a Sabha.

Prime Minister: Appointed b y the President, he is the head of the council of inisters
and is the l e a der o f the party which is in majority in the Lok Sabha. He is appointed for five
years.
The Parliament: It consists of two Houses: (a) Lok Sabha, (b) Rajya Sabha.
Lok abha lso nown as the lower ho se of the arlia ent, it consists of e ers that are elected
d i r e c t l f r o m t h e constituencies in various S tates a nd U n i on T erritories. It consists
of 5 5 2 members, in w hich two are f r o m t he Anglo-Indian community, nominated b y
t he P r esident and 530 from the States and 20 are from the Union Territories. The
presiding o fficer of L ok Sabha i s t he S p e aker, who i s e l ected b y t heir members of t he
L ok Sabha. At present, Smt Sumitra Mahajan is the speaker of the Lok Sabha.
Rajya Sabha: Known as the Upper House, it is chaired by the Vice President (Ex-officio).
Rajya Sabha cannot be diluted, therefore, it is a permanent body. One-third of its members
retire every two years. Total; of 250 members are present in the Rajya Sabha, out of which 12
members are nominated by their President and 238 members come through the elections from
the States and the Union Territories;
Both, the Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha, are the grounds for debating, passing the bills,
constitutional amendments and other issues pertinent to the welfare of the nation.

Bills: Except the money bill, all the bills (ordinary) can be introduced in either House of the
Parliament. They are, if needed, amended and then passed by either House, before becoming
an act. The money bill originates in the Lok Sabha only.

Supreme Court: This is the Apex Judicial body in India, based in Delhi, consists of 25 judges
and the Chief Justice, who is appointed by the President. The judges of the Supreme Court
retire at the age of 65. The main functions include solving disputes between the States and
Union Governments, hearing of appeals from various High Courts and any matter pertaining
to the law for its opinion.
The first Chief Justice of India was Hiralal Kania.
Important Officials:
(1) The Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG): Appointed by the President, he
is responsible for keeping an eye over the finances of the States and the Union, and to make
sure that the money allocated by the voting of the Legislature is spent in a fair and judicious
manner. At present, Mr. Shashi kant Sharma is the CAG of India.
(2) The Attorney General of India: He is appointed by the President, can take part in the
proceedings of the Parliament and its committees but do not have the right to vote. Mainly
responsible for giving expert legal advice to the Government of India and other legal tasks
assigned to him. At present, Mr Mukul Rohatgi is the Attorney General of India.
(3) Governor: He is the executive head of the state and is appointed by the President for five
years and can hold the office with the President's consent. The main functions of the Governor
 are as follows.
(a) Being the executive head of the state, he is responsible for appointing the council of ministers.
(b) He is responsible for c a using the normal or supplementary budgets to be presented e a ch year.
He c a n sanction advances to the government out of the contingency fund of the state to meet
unexpected expenses of the state.
(c) He is responsible for giving assent t o t h e bills passed by the State Legislature, without
which they cannot become an act.

(4) Chief Minister: The real executive authority of the state administration, he is the leader of
the party that commands a majority in the Legislative Assembly and is appointed by the Governor
on this basis. He recommends the names of the ministers along with their portfolios to the Governor
who then appoints them. He formulates the administrative and executive policies of the state and
presides over the cabinet meetings.

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 SCIENCE

Various important Branches of Science

Name of science Related to

Acoustics Sound and sound waves

Aeronautics Activities of flying

Agronomy Production of crops and soil management

Anthropology Origin and physical development of man

Archaeology Study of material remains of past as proofs

Astronautics Space vehicles and traveling in space

Astronomy Planets (the heavenly bodies)

Biology Science of living organism

Botany Plants

Cardiology Heart and relate diseases

Ceramics Manufacturing of clay objects

Cetology Aquatic mammals, especially the whales

Cosmology Universe

Cryogenics Studying effects of low temperature

Cytology Structure and function of cells

Dactylogy Study of fingerprints

Dermatology Skin

Dietetics Diet and nutrition

Ecology Organisms and environment relationship

Entomology Insects

Endocrinology Endocrine glands

Etymology Origin and history of words

Genetics Heredity and its laws

Geology Earth's (chemical and physical) structure

Gerontology Ageing process, problems and diseases

Gynaecology Female diseases of reproductive system

Haematology Blood and related disorders

Histology Tissues

Immunology Body's immune system

Morphology External structure of living organisms

Mycology Fungi and fungal diseases

Nephrology Kidney

Obstetrics Pregnancy, child birth and their follow up

Ornithology Birds

Orthopaedics Human skeletal system

Osteology Study of bones

Paediatrics Child diseases

Palaeontology Fossils and ancient life-forms

Pathology Mechanisms and manifestation of diseases

Pharmacology Drugs and their effects on the body

Physiology Life processes of organs of living beings

Psychiatry Mental disorders

 Seismology Earthquakes

Theology Religions

Toxicology Toxic substances and poisons

Zoology. Animal life

Zymology Fermentation process

Units of Measurement
Ampere Electric current

Angstrom Wavelength of light

Bar Atmospheric pressure

Calorie Quantity of heat

Faraday
Candela Luminous intensity

Celsius (Centrigrade) Temperature

Coulomb Electric charge

Decibel Sound level

Dyne Force

Erg Work

Fahrenheit Temperature

Fathom Depth of water

Faraday Electric charge (used in electrolysis)

Henry Inductance

Hertz Frequency

Horsepower Power

Joule Work or Ene gy

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Kelvin Temperature (SI unit)

Newton Force (SI unit)

Ohm Electrical resistance

Pascal Pressure

Poise Viscosity

Volt Electrical potential

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Watt Power

Medical Discoveries

Discovery Discovered by

Antibiotic (Penicillin) Alexander Fleming

Aspirin Felix Hoffmann

Blood circulation William Harvey

Blood group K. Landsteiner

Cholera/TB germs Robert Koch

Electro cardiogram (ECG) Williem Einthoven

Heart transplant surgery Christian Barnard

Malaria germs A. Laveran

Ultrasound lan Donald

Dr.Christian
Barnard
Important Scientific Inventions

Invention Inventor

Aeroplane Wright Brothers

Bicycle K. Macmillan

Centigrade scale A. Celsius

Computer Charles Babbage

Diesel engine Rudolf Diesel

Dynamite Alfred Nobel

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Dynamo Michael Faraday

Electric lamp Thomas Alva Edison

Fountain pen L.E. Waterman

Gramophone Thomas Alva Edison

Jet engine Sir Frank Whittle

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Microphone David Hughes

Microscope Z. Jansen 5IPNBT
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Radium Marie and Pierre Cur e

Sir Humphery Safety lamp

Davy William Hurst Safety pin

B. Thimmonnier Sewing machine

Sir Isaac Pitman Shorthand (modern)

Thomas Newcome Steam engine (piston)

James Watt Steam engine (condenser)

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Samuel F,B. Morse Telegraph code

Alexander Graham Bell Telephone

 Hans Lippershey Telescope

John Logie Baird Television

Galileo Galilei Thermometer

Wilhelm Roentgen X-ray

Important Vaccines

Vaccine Discovered by

Smallpox Edward Jenner

Cholera Rabies Vaccine Louis Pasteur

TB vaccine Leon Calmette and Camilla Guerin

Polio vaccine J E. Salk

Scientific Instruments

Name of instrument Function

Ammeter Used for measuring strength of electric current

Barometer Used for measuring atmospheric pressure

Calorimeter Used for measuring quantities of heat

Cardiograph Used for measuring movements of the heart

Dynamo Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy

Electroencephalograph Records and interprets the electrical waves of the brain

Electrometer measuring potential difference in electric currents

Endoscope Examines internal organs of the body

Fathometer Used for measuring depth of the ocean

Galvanometer Used for measuring the electric current

Hydrometer measuring the relative density of liquids

Hygrometer Used for measuring the level of humidity

Kymograph Graphically records physiological movements (e.g. blood pressure/ heartbeat)

Lactometer Used for measuring the relative density of milk

Manometer Used for measuring the pressure of gases

Micrometer Measures distances/angles

Microscope Used for obtaining a magnified view of small objects

Periscope Used for viewing objects above sea level (used in submarines)

Polygraph Used for recording changes simultaneously in physiological processes such

as heart beat, blood pressure and respiration; also used as a lie detector

Pyrometer Used for measuring very high temperature

Salinometer Used for determining the salinity of solutions

Sphygmomanometer Used for measuring blood pressure

Tacheometer Used for measuring distances and elevations

Telescope Used for viewing distant objects in space

Transponder Used to receive a signal and transmit a reply

Viscometer Used for measuring the viscosity of liquid

Voltmeter Used to measure electric potential difference

Wattmeter Used for measuring the power of an electric

circuit
Information About the Human Body

Blood: It is a red, viscous fluid which circulates in the human body. It is basically a
connective tissue which is contained in the blood vessels. A healthy man possesses on
an average, 5 litres of blood in the body. Composition: It is made up of two chief
constituents:
(a) Plasma (fluid), constitutes the major part while
(b) Blood cells (solid), which constituted the minor part.

The blood cell corpuscles are of two types: (1) RBC (2) WBC.
The RBC is red blood corpuscles which contains a pigment called haemoglobin which is
responsible for the red colour of the blood. Iron is the element which is present in the
haemoglobin. The WBC are white blood corpuscles which are primarily responsible for
combating with the infection of the body or they fight with the foreign harmful
organisms of the body.

Blood groups:
They are of four types
(i) A-type
(ii) B-type
(iii) AB-type
(iv) O-type

AB - type is called universal recipient as it can receive all the four types (mentioned
above) of blood and 0-type is called as universal donor as it can be given to any of
the four types of blood groups (mentioned above).

Bones: (i) There are 206 bones in the skeletal system of an adult.
(ii) The largest bone is femur present in

(iii) The shortest bone is the stirrup (Stapes )which is present in the middle ear.

Facts about the various organs of the human body:

1. The largest organ is skin.

2. Heart is responsible for regulating the circulation of blood in the body.

The heart beat of adult males is 72 beats per minute.
3. Liver is the largest gland of the human body. It is concerned with the digestion
of the food intake.
4. Two kidneys are responsible for the filtering of nitrogenous waste of the body and
throw it all in the form of urine.
5. Pituitary gland is called the master gland as it influences the growth and
metabolism by controlling the other ductless glands, viz. thymus thyroid, adrenal,
prostrate, pancreas and gonads.
 Name of the vitamin :

Vitamin Deficiency Diseases:

Major Enzymes in the human Digestive system

Body Part Enzymes

1. Mouth Salivary Amylase (Ptyalin, acidic, medium)

Converts starch into disaccharides

2. Stomach Pepsin and Renin (Acidic medium) They act on proteins

3. Intestine Lipase, Trypsin, Carbohydrates (Medium is now basic)

-Lipase converts fats into acid and glycerol.

-Trypsin converts proteins into amino acids and
carbohydrates converts mono saccharides into glucose.
Banking Apps and Schemes Name of the Bank
 er a a anks

Bank Name Slogan/Punch line

CITI Bank Let’s get it done

Standard Chartered Bank Your Right Partner

HSBC Bank The World’s Local Bank

Royal Bank of Scotland Make it happen

BNP Paribas The bank for a changing world

JPMorgan Chase Bank The right relationship is everything

Deutsche Bank A passion to perform

Scotia Bank You’re richer than you think

American Express Bank Do more

Barclays Bank Fluent in finance

DBS Bank Living, Breathing Asia

 Slogans of Banks In India

Name of the Bank Slogan/Bank Slogan

Allahabad Bank A tradition of trust

Andhra Bank Much more to do. With YOU in focus

Bank of Baroda India’s International Bank

Bank of India Relationships beyond Banking

Bank of Maharashtra One Family One Bank

Bank of Rajasthan Together we Prosper

Canara Bank It’s easy to change for those who you love, Together we Can

Central Bank of India Build A Better Life Around Us, Central to you since 1911

Corporation Bank Prosperity for all

Dena Bank Trusted Family Bank

Federal Bank Your Perfect Banking Partner

HDFC Bank We Understand Your World

HSBC World’s Local Bank

ICICI Bank “Hum Hai na…”

IDBI Bank Banking for all; “Aao Sochein Bada”

Taking Banking Technology to Common Man, Your Tech-
Indian Bank
friendly bank
Indian Overseas Bank Good people to grow with

J & K Bank Serving to Empower

Karur Vysya Bank Smart way to Bank

Lakshmi Vilas Bank The Changing Face of Prosperity

Oriental Bank of
Where every individual is committed
Commerce
Punjab and Sindh Bank Where series is a way of life

Punjab National Bank The Name you can Bank Upon

The Nation banks on us; Pure Banking Nothing Else; With you
State Bank of India
all the way
State Bank of Hyderabad You can always bank on us

State Bank of Mysore Working for a better tomorrow

State Bank of Patiala Blending Modernity with Tradition

State Bank of Travancore A Long Tradition of Trust

South Indian Bank Experience Next Generation Banking

Syndicate Bank Your Faithful And Friendly Financial Partner

UCO Bank Honors Your Trust

Union Bank of India Good people to bank with

United Bank of India The Bank that begins with “U”

Vijaya Bank A Friend You can Bank Upon

Yes Bank Experience our expertise

 ac s a a s da

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CRR, SLR, Repo Rate, Reverse Repo rate are decide by RBI

Savings banks interest rates, fixed deposit interest rates, Loan Rates etc. are decided by individual banks

The bank which has launched Mobile Bank Accounts in association with Vodafone’s m –paisa – HDFC

Bank Minimum money transfer limit through RTGS: 2 Lakhs

Maximum money transfer limit through RTGS: No Limit

Minimum & Maximum money transfer limit through NEFT: No Limit

NABARD was established in – July, 1982

Largest Public sector bank in India – SBI

Largest Private sector bank in India – ICICI Bank

Largest Foreign bank in India – Standard Chartered Bank

First Indian bank to open branch outside India i.e. London in 1946: Bank of India

First RRB named Prathama Grameen Bank was started by: Syndicate Bank

First Bank to introduce ATM in India: HSBC in1987, Mumbai

Bank of Baroda has the maximum number of overseas branches

SBI holds the second position with maximum number of overseas branches

Premium credit cards exclusively for women launched recently by – HDFC bank

Private Sector Bank that recently launched a product of Personal loan called “SWIFT” – HDFC

The bank which approved loan of $500mn to help India improve Rail services – Asian Development Bank
 eads da a s
Reserve Bank of India, Governor: Raghuram Rajan
Reserve Bank of India, Deputy Governor: HR Khan, Dr Urjit Patel, R Gandhi and S S Mundra

Heads c ec r a s da

1. Allahabad Bank–Rakesh Sethi

2. Andhra Bank–C.V.R. Rajendran

3. Bank of Baroda–P.S. Jayakumar

4. Bank of India–M.O. Rego

5. Bank of Maharashtra–Sushil Muhnot

6. Bharatiya Mahila Bank–Vacant

7. Canara Bank–Rakesh Sharma

8. Central Bank of India–Rajeev Rishi

9. Corporation Bank–Sadhuram Bansal

10. Dena Bank–Ashwani Kumar

11. IDBI Bank Ltd–Kishore Piraji Kharat

12. Indian Bank–T. M. Bhasin

13. Indian Overseas Bank–R Koteeswaram

14. Oriental Bank of Commerce–Animesh Chauhan

15. Punjab And Sind Bank–Jatinder Bir Singh

16. Punjab National Bank–Usha Ananthasubramanian

17. State Bank of India–Smt Arundhati Bhattacharya

18. Syndicate Bank–Arun Shrivastava

19. UCO Bank–Arun Kaul

20. Union Bank of India–Arun Tiwari

21. United Bank of India–P Srinivas

22. Vijaya Bank–Kishore Kumar Sansi

 Heads r a e ec r a s da

1. Axis Bank–Smt. Shikha Sharma

2. Catholic Syrian Bank–Anand Krishnamurthy

3. City Union Bank–Dr. N. Kamakodi

4. Development Credit Bank–Murali M. Natrajan

5. Dhanalakshmi Bank–G. Sreeram

6. Federal Bank–Shyam Srinivasan

7. HDFC Bank–Aditya Puri

8. ICICI Bank–Smt Chanda Kochar

9. IndusInd Bank–Romesh Sobti

10. ING Vysya Bank–Uday Sareen

11. Jammu & Kashmir Bank–Mushtaq Ahmad

12. Karnataka Bank–Polali Jayarama Bhat

13. Karur Vysya Bank–K. Venkataraman

14. Kotak Mahindra Bank–Uday Kotak

15. Lakshmi Vilas Bank–Vacant

16. Nainital Bank–Vacant

17. Ratnakar Bank–Vishwavir Ahuja

18. South Indian Bank–V.G. Mathew

19. Tamilnad Mercantile Bank–H.S. Upendra Kamath

20. Yes Bank’s Ltd–Rana Kapoor

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FAMOUS INDIAN BUSINESSMEN:

Name Associated Company "[JN

Sridhar Vembu Zoho Corporation 1SFNKJ
Verghese Kurien Amul
Kunwer Sachdev Su-kam Power Systems
Bhargav Sri Prakash Friends Learn
Azim Premji Wipro
Lakshmi Mittal Arcelor Mittal
Ambani Reliance Industries
Anand Mahindra Mahindra and Mahindra
Shamit Khemka Synapse India .VLFTI
Saji Chameli Orell "NCBOJ
Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal Flipkart
Grandhi Mallikarjuna Rao GMR Group
Gunupati Venkata Krishna Reddy GVK Group
G. R. Gopinath Air Deccan
N. R. Narayana Murthy Infosys
Shiv Nadar HCL Technologies
V. G. Siddhartha Cafe Coffee Day
Krishan Dhir DHITECH Consultancy Services
Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw Biocon
Achyuta Samanta KIIT Group of Institutions
Gautam Thapar Avantha Group
Sunil Mittal Bharti Enterprises
Shekhar Chatterjee Host Dude Solutions
Venugopal Dhoot Videocon
Karsanbhai Patel Nirma
Vishal Gondal India games
Chirag Kulkarni Insightfully
Trishneet Arora TAC Security Solutions 4IJW
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Ardeshir Godrej,Pirojsh Godrej, Adi Godrej Godrej Group
Kallam Anji Reddy Dr. Reddy's Laboratories
Mangal Prabhat Lodha Lodha Group
Jamnalal Bajaj, Rahul Bajaj Bajaj Group
Prathap C. Reddy Apollo Hospitals
Ajay Piramal, Swati Piramal Piramal Enterprises Ltd
Kalanithi Maran Sun Group
Prannoy Roy NDTV
Anil Agarwal Vedanta Resources
Subrata Roy Sahara India Pariwar .S.BSBO
Shashi & Ravi Ruia Essar Group
Jagdish Chandra Mahindra Mahindra Group
Naveen Jain Moon Express
Brijmohan Lall Munjal Hero Group
Jamsetji Tata Tata Group
Walchand Hirachand Walchand group Kiran
Khwaja Abdul Hamied Cipla Mazumdar
Kochuousep Chittilapilly V-Guard Industries Ltd Shaw
Kishore Biyani Future Group
Naveen Tewari InMobi
Laxmanrao Kirloskar Kirloskar Group
Baba Kalyani Bharat Forge
Anand Deshpande Persistent Systems
Byrraju Ramialinga Raju Mahindra Satyam
Dilip Sanghvi Sun Pharmaceutical
Ekta Kapoor/Jeetendra Kapoor Balaji Telefilms
Dr. G. Surender Rao Yashoda Hospitals
Ramoji Rao Ramoji Group
Kumar Mangalam Birla Aditya Birla Group
Varun Agarwal Alma Mater Store
Ujwal Makhija Phonon Communications
Ashok Soota Happiest Minds Technologies
Faisal Farooqui MouthShut.com
Vijay Shekhar Sharma Paytm
Pramod Saxena Oxigen Wallet
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FOUNDERS OF LEADING SOFTWARE COMPANIES OF INDIA
• Tata Consultancy Services – Tata Group ( Headquarters in Mumbai )
• Infosys – N. R. Narayana Murthy ( Headquarters in Bangalore )
• Impetus – Praveen Kankariya ( Headquarters in San Jose, C.A. )
• iGate Patni – Phaneesh Murthy ( Headquarters in Bangalore )
• LnT InfoTech – LnT Group ( Headquarters in Mumbai )
• Wipro – Mohammed Hasham Premji ( Headquarters in Bangalore )
• Tech Mahindra – Vineet Nayyar ( Headquarters in Pune )
• Mahindra Satyam – Byrraju Ramalinga Raju ( Headquarters in Hyderabad )
• Genpact – Pramod Bhasin ( Headquarters in Hyderabad )
• Zenith Computers – Raj Saraf ( Headquarters in Mumbai )
• Persistent Systems – Dr. Anand Deshpande ( Headquarters in Pune )
• Hexaware Technologies – Atul Nishar ( Headquarters in Mumbai )
• Trustmeher Technologies – Niket Kale ( Headquarters in Jabalpur )
• HCL Technologies Limited – Shiv Nadar & Vineet Nayar ( Headquarters in Noida )
• MphasiS – Jaithirth Rao & Jeroen Tas ( Headquarters in Bangalore )
• Essar Group – Shashi Ruia & Ravi Ruia ( Headquarters in Mumbai )
• Mindfire Solutions – Chinmoy Panda ( Headquarters in Bhuwaneshwar )
• BirlaSoft – CK Birla Group ( Headquarters in Noida )
• NIIT Technologies Limited – Rajendra S. Pawar & Vijay K. Thadani ( Noida )
• Cybage – Arun Nathani ( Headquarters in Pune )
• Mind Tree – Subroto Bagchi & Krishnakumar Natarajan ( Headquarters in Bangalore )
• Geometric Ltd – Godrej Group ( Headquarters in Mumbai )
• KPIT Cummins – Mr. Ravi Pandit, Mr. Kishor Patil and Mr. Shirish Patwardhan ( Headquarters in Pune )
Zensar Technologies – RPG Group ( Headquarters in Pune )
PROMINENT COMPANIES:

Sr.No. Company
Name Founders Industry
Most Associated Prominent Products
Tagline
1 ABN AMRO Making More Asset management, Rob Hazelhoff, Financial
Group Possible commercial banking, Roelof Nelissen services
investment banking
2 Accenture High Performance. IT, business consulting Founded in 1989 as IT
Delivered and outsourcing the business and
services technology
consulting division of
the accounting firm
Arthur Andersen
3 Adobe Simplicity at Acrobat, Flash, Photoshop Charles Geschke, Software
work. Better by John Warnock
adobe.
The Power on your Insurance, banking, Carl von Thieme & Financial
4 Allianz side asset management Wilhelm von Finck Services

5 Amazon.com, Earth's Biggest Amazon Kindle, Jeff Bezos Online Retailing

Inc. BookStore Amazon.com

6 American We know Money Insurance annuities, Cornelius Vander Insurance,

International mutual funds Starr Financial
Group, Inc. services

7 Amul The taste of India Dairy products Founded in 1946 Dairy

Verghese Kurien

8 Apple Inc Think Mac PC, iPad, iPhone, Steve Jobs,Steve Software
Different. iPod Wozniak, Ronald
Wayne
9 Arcelor(Arcel or Steel solutions for a Steel Formed due to a Steel
Mittal) better world merger these three
companies - Arbed,
Aceralia, Usinor
10 AT&T Inc. The World's AT&T Inc. Management of Telecommuni-
Networking American Bell cations
Company
 Most Associated
Company Prominent Products
Sr.No. Tagline Founders Industry
Name

Fluent in Finance; Its Retail banking John Freame and Banking,

11 Barclays PLC our business to know Commercial banking, Thomas Gould Financial
your business Investment banking, services
Investment
management

Shoes for Footwear, T Retail and

12 Bata everyone sportswear, sports manufacturing
equipment, toiletries

13 BMW The Ultimate Automobiles,

Franz Josef Popp
Driving Machine motorcycles, bicycles Automobiles

Clothing, Joseph and Lyman Clothing,

14 Bloomingdale's footwear, bedding, G. Bloomingdale footwear,
Like no other store furniture, jewelry bedding,
in the world furniture,
jewelry, beauty
products,
housewares,
optical, salon,
portrait studio,
cafe.

Virginio Bruni
15 CEAT Born Tough Tyres Tyres & Tubes
Tedeschi

Networking Device,
Empowering the Network Management, Leonard
Cisco Systems Cisco IOS and NX-OS Networking
16 Internet Bosack,Sandy Lerner
Inc Software equipment
generation.

Credit cards,
Formed due to a
consumer banking,
merger between Banking,
The Citi Never corporate banking,
17 CITIGROUP Citicorp and Financial
Sleeps investment banking
Travelers Group services

Desktops, netbooks,
Easy as DELL/ Easy notebooks, servers,
scanners, smart phones Computers and IT
18 Dell Inc to Buy, Easy to Michael Dell
own
Sr.No. Company Prominent Products Founders Industry
Most Associated
Name
Tagline

19 Deutsche A Passion to Consumer banking, G. Siemens and L. Banking,

Bank Perform corporate banking, Bamberger Financial
finance and insurance services

20 DuPont Corian, Delrin, Kevlar Chemicals

Better living Eleuthère Irénée
through du Pont
chemistry.
21 Ernst and Quality in Assurance, Tax Advisory, Formed due to a Professional
Young Everything we Do Consulting…etc. services series of mergers of services
ancestor
organizations

22 Essar Group A positive attitude Steel, oil and gas, power, Nandkishor Ruia, Conglomerate
communications, shipping Shashi Ruia, Ravi
Ruia

23 Media, entertainment,
Essel Group - packaging, infrastructure Subhash Conglomerate
Chandra

24 Exxon Mobil Taking on the Fuels, lubricants, Formed due to a Oil and gas
Corporation World's Toughest petrochemicals merger between
Energy Exxon and Mobil
Challenges

25 Facebook Facebook helps Social Networking Mark Zuckerberg, Social

you connect and services Eduardo Saverin, Networking
share with the Andrew McCollum,
people in your life Dustin Moskovitz,
Chris Hughes

26 FIAT Driven by Automobiles, Giovanni Automotive

Passion. FIAT commercial vehicles, Agnelli
auto parts
 Most
Company Prominent Products
Sr.No. Associated Founders Industry
Name
Tagline
27 Ford Motor Co. Built for the Automobiles, Henry Ford Automobiles
road Automotive parts
ahead/Ford has
a better idea

28 Four Seasons Fifty Hotels. Hospitality

- Isadore Sharp
Hotels, Inc. Twenty-Two
Countries. One
Philosophy

29 Future Group India Discount, grocery and Mr. Kishore Retail

Tomorrow convenience stores, cash Biyani
and carry, hypermarkets,
financial services

30 GAIL Gas and Natural Gas, Ministry of Energy,

Beyond Petrochemical, Liquid Petroleum & Petrochemicals
Hydrocarbons Natural Gas

31 General Mills, Nourishing Food Products Robert Smith Food Processing

Inc. Lives

32 General Only GM Automobiles, William C. Automotive

Motors Durant
Company
33 Google ‘Do the Search tools, mobile Larry Page, Internet,
right applications, operating Sergey Brin computer
thing’ / systems software,
‘Don’t be telecoms
evil’ equipment

34 Haier Major appliances, small Zhang Ruimin Home

Electronics Inspired Living appliances,
appliances, commercial
Group Co heating and cooling Consumer
systems electronics

35 Hewlett- Everything is PCs, printers, Bill Hewlett,David Computers and IT

Packard Possible monitors, scanners, Packard
Company servers
 Most
Company Prominent Products
Sr.No. Associated Founders Industry
Name
Tagline
Hindustan Adding Foods, beverages, Founded in 1956 as Consumer goods
36 Unilever Vitality to cleaning agents and Hindustan Lever Limited
Limited Life personal care products through a merger of
(HUL) Lever Brothers,
Hindustan Vanaspati
Mfg. Co. Ltd. and United
Traders Ltd.
You can do Home appliances, Bernie Marcus, Arthur
37 HOME it. We can Retailing
tools, hardware, Blank, Ron Brill, Pat
DEPOT Help. lumber, building Farrah
materials
38 Honda Motor The Power of Automobiles, Soichiro Honda,Takeo Automotive,
Co Ltd Dreams motorcycles, Fujisawa Aviation,
scooters, electrical Telematics
generators, jet
aircrafts
39 HSBC (The The World's Investment, Sir Thomas Sutherland Financial
Hongkong and Local Bank commercial, retail and Services
Shanghai private banking,
Banking
Corporation.)

40 Infosys Powered by IT, business N. R. Narayana Murthy, IT

Intellect, consulting and Nandan Nilekani
Driven by outsourcing services N. S. Raghavan,
Values; S. Gopalakrishnan
Improve your S. D. Shibulal,
K Dinesh,
odds with
Ashok Arora
Infosys
Predictability

41 Intel Intel Inside Bluetooth chipsets, flash Gordon Moore, Robert Semiconductors
Corporation memory, Noyce
microprocessors,
motherboard chipsets,
network interface cards
 Most
Company Prominent
Sr.No. Associated Founders Industry
Name Products
Tagline
International
Business Hardware and
I think, Charles Ranlett Flint Computers and IT
42 Machines Software
therefore IBM.
(IBM) products
/On
Corporation
Demand

Formed due to a merger

between Indian Oil
IOCL Company Ltd. and
Fuels, lubricants,
(Indian Oil Bringing Indian Refineries Ltd.
43 petrochemicals Oil and gas
Corporation Energy to Life
Limited)

Audio, visual, Founded in 1927 as a Audio, visual,

JVC(Victor The Perfect computer- related computer- related
44 Company of subsidiary of the
Experience electronics and electronics and
Japan) United States' leading
software phonograph and record software, media
company products

KFC(Kentucky Its Finger Fried chicken, soft Harland Sanders Fast food
45 drinks, salads,
Fried Chicken) Lickin Good!! restaurant
desserts, breakfast

Koninklijke Sense and Home Gerard Philips,

46 Philips Simplicity appliances, Frederik Philips Electronics
Electronics lighting,
medical
equipment
47 Kotak Think Deposit accounts, Uday Kotak Financial
Investments. Loans, Investment service
Think Kotak. services, Business
banking solutions
 Most
Company Prominent
Sr.No. Associated Founders Industry
Name Products
Tagline

Construction,
Henning Holck Larsen,
We make heavy
LARSEN and Soren Kristian Toubro
48 things which equipment, Conglomerate
TOUBRO make India electrical
proud equipment,
power

Desktops,
We are building a
servers, Computer
Lenovo Group new technology
49 notebooks, Liu Chuanzhi hardware,
Ltd. company
tablet electronics
computers

Consumer
Electronics, electronics,
LG
50 Life's good chemicals, Koo In-Hwoi home
Electronics
Inc. telecommuni- appliances,
cations telecoms
equipment
Founded in 1926 as
There's no Deutsche Luft Hansa
51 Lufthansa better to fly Airline services Airlines

Founded in 1966 when

There are some a group of California
things money can't banks formed the
Credit cards, Interbank Card
MasterCard buy. For Financial
52 payment Association (ICA)
Incorporated everything else services
systems
there's
MASTERCARD.

Max Life
Insurance
Company Ltd. Your Partner for Individual and Financial
53 (formerly:Max Analjit Singh
life group insurance Services
New York Life
Insurance
Company Ltd.)

Richard and Maurice

McDonald's McDonald, Ray Kroc
54 I m Lovin it Fast food Restaurants
Corp
Sr.No. Company Prominent Founders Industry
Most
Name Products
Associated
Tagline
Founded on March 24,
1868. Earlier known as
Insurance, the
Metropolitan National
Have You Met Annuities, Financial
55 Life Insurance Union Life and Limb
Life Today Employee services
Company or Insurance Company
Benefits,
Metlife.
Banking

Windows, MS
Office, Skype, Bill Gates,
56 Microsoft Be What's Next Bing, Xbox, Paul Allen Software
Windows Phone,
Surface
Morrison &
Morrison & Alexender Morrison
57 Foerster - Foerster LLP Law Firm
(MoFo)

Tyres, toys,
MRF (Madras
Tyres with sports goods, Mr.K.M.Mammen
58 Rubber Conglomerate
Muscle conveyor belt, Mappilai
Factory)
paints & coats

Baby food, Henri Nestle,

Good food,
59 Nestle coffee, dairy Charles Page, Food processing
Good life
products George Page

New Delhi
News you can
Television Broadcasting,
60 Use. radio Prannoy Roy Media
Limited (Ndtv Profit)
(NDTV)
Athletic
footwear and
apparel, sport Bill Bowerman, Phil
Apparel,
61 Nike Inc. Just do it equipments and Knight
accessories
other recreational
products

Consumer
Nintendo Co How U will Nintendo Fusajiro Yamauchi
62 electronics,
Ltd. play next Gameboy,Wii
Video games
Telecommuni-
Mobile phones,
cations
smartphones, Fredrik Idestam,
Connecting equipment,
63 Nokia Corp mobile computers, Leo Mechelin
people internet,
networks computer
software
 Most
Company Prominent
Sr.No. Associated Founders Industry
Name Products
Tagline

Petroleum, natural
Making Founded on 14th
64 ONGC gas, and other Oil and gas
Tomorrow August, 1956
petrochemicals
Brighter

Ken Howery,
Online Max Levchin,
The safer,
65 PayPal monetary Online
easier way to Elon Musk,
transaction
pay Luke Nosek,
services
Peter Thiel
Pepsi,Lay's
Donald Kendall,
potato chips, Food and
66 PepsiCo Inc Live for Now Herman Lay
Quaker foods beverages
and snacks
Foods,
beverages, William Procter, James
Procter & Touching lives, Consumer goods
67 Gamble improving life cleaning agents Gamble
and personal care
products
Crude oil, natural
Reliance
gas, petrochemicals, Dhirubhai Ambani
68 Industries Growth is Life Conglomerate
petroleum
Limited
BlackBerry,
Research In BlackBerry
Enterprise Server, Mike Lazaridis Telecommunica
69 Motion/ Be Bold
BlackBerry tions equipment
Blackberry
Internet Service

Turn on
Samsung Lee Byung- chull
70 Samsung tomorrow/ Electronics
Electronics, Cell
Every one's
Phones
invited
Financial
Sahara India Emotionally services, Subrata Roy Sahara
71 Pariwar yours. construction, Conglomerate
mass media
Audio-Visual and
communication
Born in Japan equipments, home
Sansui appliances, Grande Holdings
72 Entertaining Electronics
Electric information
The World
equipment
 Most
Company Prominent
Sr.No. Associated Founders Industry
Name Products
Tagline
Communication
systems, power
generation
Global technology,
industrial and Werner von Siemens
73 Siemens Network of Conglomerate
Innovation buildings
automation,
lighting, home
appliances, railway
vehicles

Obsessed with Vaclav Laurin and

74 Skoda Auto Quality since Automobiles Vaclav Klement Automotive
1897.

Televisions,
digital imaging, Masaru Ibuka, Electronics/
75 Sony Make believe, PCs and other Akio Morita conglomerate
Like no other networked
products
Credit cards,
Consumer
banking,
Standard Corporate Banking,
Your Right
76 Chartered Bank Financial
Partner banking,
Investment services
banking
services
Jerry Baldwin,
Coffee and
Starbucks It's bigger than Gordon Bowker, Food &
77 Handcrafted
Corporation coffee Zev Siegl Beverages
Beverages

Coke,Diet Coke,
The Coca-Cola Enjoy Coca Asa Griggs Candler
78 Sprite, Beverages
Company Cola
Thums up

Derivatives, equity
Stock market
The NASDAQ trading platforms,
for the digital Financial
79 OMX Group, futures and options -
world services
Inc. markets
(Nasdaq)

The Walt Cable television,

Where dreams Walt and Roy Disney
80 Disney movies, theme Mass Media
come true.
Company parks,

3
0
 Most
Company Prominent
Sr.No. Associated Founders Industry
Name Products
Tagline
Automobile,
commercial
Toyota Motor Kiichiro Toyoda
81 Let's go places vehicles, Automobile
Corporation engines,
motorcycles
Brewery,
United Kingfisher - alcoholic
beverage, Thomas Leishman
82 Breweries King of good Conglomerate
Group times aviation,
chemicals &
fertilizers

Films, televisions,
UTV Software
games, websites Ronnie Screwwala Media
83 Communicati conglomerate
broadcasting
ons Ltd.

Beverages,
Virgin Group We answer to a Sir Richard Branson
84 airlines, trains, Conglomerate
Ltd. higher calling
video games

Ferdinand Porsche
85 Volkswagen Das Auto, Cars Automotive
Drivers
Wanted

Wipro
Limited IT, business
Mohamed Hasham
(Western Applying consulting and
86 Premji IT
India Thought outsourcing
Products services
Limited)

Walmart Save Money.

87 Retail products Sam Walton Retail
Stores, Inc Live Better.

3
0
 Information on Media Companies

Parent TV Media Companies Print Media Internet Media Miscellaneous

Sr.No
. Company Companies
9X, Zee TV, Zee Cinema, DNA E-Paper,
1 Zee Zing, TEN Action+, TEN Daily News Playwin
Entertainment Cricket, TEN Sports, TEN and Zee Motion
Enterprises Golf, TEN HD, Analysis(DNA) Pictures,
Limited Zee Premiere,Zee Action, Zee Indian Cricket
Classic, Zee Smile, Zee League, Fun
Chairman – Jagran, Zee Trendz, Zee Cafe, Cinemas
Shubhash Zee Studio,
Chandra Zee Telugu, Zee Bangla, Zee
Bangla Cinema, Zee Kannada,
Zee Marathi, Zee Marathi
Cinema, Zee Punjabi, Zee
Tamil,
ETC Channel, ETC Punjabi,
Zee Khana Khazana, Zee Q,
Zee Salaam
Anandabazar Indiainfocom.com, Ananda
2 ABP Group ABP News, ABP Patrika, Ebela, Anandabazar.in, Publishers,
(Ananda Bazar Ananda, ABP Majha, The Telegraph, Anandautsav.com, Penguin India,
Patrika) Sananda TV Anandamela, Tilottama.in, Ananda
Unish-Kuri, Thetelegraphstore.c Purashkar,
Founder- Businessworld, om, Mjoy.in. Radio Ananda
Prafulla Fortune India,
Kumar Sarkar Ananda Lok,
Desh, Sananda
Shine.com,
HT Media Hindustan DesiMartini.com, Fever 104 FM
3 Times, HT HTCampus.com
Next, HT
Cafe, Mint
Newspaper,

4 Independent India TV
News Service

3
0
 Parent TV Media Print Media
Sr.No. Internet Media Miscellaneous
Company Companies Companies

5 Indian The Indian Express, Express Online,

Express The Sunday IndianExpress.com, Cinema Express
Limited, Express, The FinancialExpress.co Awards,
Financial Express, m,
Founded by Loksatta, ScreenIndia.com,
Mr.Ramnath Lokprabha, Loksatta.com,
Goenka Jansatta, Screen Lokprabha.com,
ExpressCricket.in,
KashmirLive.com

6 IndusInd Media InCablenet, In Shop 24 seven online

& Digital,
Communications In2cable,
Ltd.(IMCL) InPhone, Shop
24 seven,
Planet-e-
Shop
Dainik Jagran, i-next, Jagran Engage,
7 Jagran City Plus, Mid-day, jplcorp.in, Jagran
Prakashan Ltd Mid-day Gujrati, jagran.com, Solutions,
Inquilab, Nai Dunia, mid-day.com J9,Pehel, Jagran
Sakhi, Punjabi Jagran Research, Jagran
Foundation

8 Living Media TV Today India Today, Business BagItToday.co Oye 104.8 FM,
(India Today Network , Aaj Today, India Today m - Online Thomson Press
Group), Tak News, Travel Plus, Money Shopping
Headlines Today, Cosmopolitan, Website
Founded by Today, Dilli Men's Health,
Mr.Arun Aaj tak, Tez Women's Health,
Poorie in Auto Bild, Reader's
1975. Digest, Harper's
Bazaar, Prevention,
Good Housekeeping,
Gadgets and Gizmos,
Design Today, Golf
Digest, Music Today,
Bag it Today,
Harvard Business
Review

3
0
Sr.No. Parent TV Media Print Media Internet Media Miscellaneous
Company Companies Companies

CNN-IBN, IBN-7,
CNBC Awaaz,
In.com,
CNBC-TV18,
Moneycontrol.co
IBN-
Lokmat, MTV Forbes India, m,
9 Network 18 E18, Sport18 Firstpost.com, Webchutney
India, Nick India,
VH1 India, Colors, Bookmyshow.co
History TV18, ETV m,
Network, Nick Jr., Cricketnext.com,
Nick Teen, Homeshop18.co
Comedy Central, m, ibnlive.com,

NDTV 24x7, NDTV

India, NDTV
New Delhi Profit, NDTV NGEN, NDTV
10 Television Good Times, ndtv.com
Worldwide
Limited NDTV Hindi, ATN
(NDTV) NDTV 24x7,
NDTV
Worldwide

11 Prasar Bharati Doordarshan, DD DD Direct+ All India Radio

India, DD Regional
channels

Raj TV, Vissa, Raj

Parivar,Raj Musix
(Tamil), Raj Musix
12 Raj Network Telugu, Raj Musix
Kannada, Raj
Musix Malayalam,
Raj Digital Plus,
Raj News 24X7,
Raj News, Raj
Pariwar, Raj Asia

Sahara One, Filmy, Rashtriya Sahara One

Sahara One
13 Firangi, Sahara Sahara, Motion pictures
Media &
Samay Roznama
Entertainment
Rashtriya
Ltd
Sahara

3
0
 Sony Sony Mix, Sony
Entertainment SIX, SET Max,
14 Sony Liv
Television SET
(India) PIX, Sony
Entertainment
Television.,
AXN, SAB TV

3
0
 Parent TV Media Companies Print Media Internet Miscellaneous
Sr.No. Media
Company Companies
STAR Plus, STAR Gold,
STAR Jalsha, STAR
15 STAR India Star Star Screen
Pravah, STAR World,
Player Awards,Big Star
STAR Movies, STAR
Entertainment
Utsav, Channel[V], Life
Awards, Star
OK, Asianet, Asianet Plus,
Parivaar Awards
Asianet Sitara, Asianet
News, Asianet Movies,
STAR Vijay, Movies OK,
Asianet Suvarna, Suvarna
News, STAR Sports,
STAR Cricket,
Sun TV, ESPN, Sun
Sun Music, Dinakaran, Tamil Suntv.in Sun Kudumbam
16 Sun TV ESPNews Asia
News, Sun Life, Adithya Murasu, Malai Awards,Suryan
Network TV, Chutti TV, Sun Murasu, FM 93.5, Red FM
Action, Gemini TV, Kungumam, 93.5
Gemini Music, Gemini Kumguma
News, Gemini Life, Chimizh,
Gemini Comedy, Kushi Kungumam
TV, Gemini Action, Thozhi,
Udaya TV, Udaya Aanmigam,
Music, Udaya News, Mutharam,
Udaya Comedy, Chintu Vannathirai
TV, Suriyan TV, Surya,
Kiran, Chirithira, Kochu
TV, Surya Action, K TV, The Hindu, The The Hindu E-
Gemini Movies, Udaya Hindu Business paper
17 The
Movies Line, Sportstar,
Hindu
Group Frontline, Praxis,
Indian Cricket,
Survey of Indian
industry, Survey of
Indian agriculture,
Survey of the
Environment

Parent TV Media Print Media

Sr.No. Internet Miscellaneous
Company Companies Companies
Media
18 Outlook, Outlookind Outloook Traveller
The Outlook ia.com, getaway series, The
Outlook Money, outlooktrav layman's guide to
Group Outlook eller. com, insurance, the
Traveller, outlookmo layman's guide to
Outlook ney. com mutual funds
Saptahik

3
0
 The Times of TimesJobs,
Times Now, ET Radio Mirchi,
India,
19 Now, Zoom, Gaana.com, Absolute Radio, 360
The Economic
Movies Now Times, TimesDeal, Degrees, Mirchi
The Times BoxTV.com, Movies Limited,
Group MaharashtraTimes,
Navbharat Times, Indiatimes Filmfare Awards,
Mumbai Mirror, Femina Miss India
(Bennett
ET Wealth, Beauty Pagent
,Coleman
& Co) Filmfare,
Femina,
Indu Jain - Top Gear Magazine
Chairman India,
Femina Hindi

Bindass (formerly
UTV Software UTV Motion
20 UTV Bindass), UTV
Communications Pictures,
Stars, UTV Action
UTV Toons,
Founded by (formerly Bindass
Ignition
Ronnie Screwwala Movies), UTV
Entertainment
Movies, UTV World
Movies,Bloomberg
UTV (formerly
UTVi)
LIST OF FIVE YEARS PLAN

Five year Plans During Time Agenda

First plan 1951-56 Agriculture, Electricity, irrigation

Second plan 1956-61 Full Industry

Third Plan 19961-66 Food, Industry

Fourth Plan 1969-74 Agriculture

Fifth Plan 1974-79 Poverty Alleviation, Economic

self-sufficiency

Sixth Plan 1980-85 Agriculture, Industry

Seventh Plan 1985-90 Energy, Food

Eigth Plan 1992-97 Human Source, Education

Ninth Plan 1997-02 Social Justice

Tenth Plan 2002-07 Employment, Energy

Eleventh Plan 2007-12 Inclusive Development

Twelvth Plan 2012-17 Quick, continuous

and Inclusive Development

Punch lines for Famous Brands

• Digit: Your Technology Navigator

• Fiat: Driven By Passion

• Abn Amro Bank: Making More Possible

• Accenture : High Performance Delivered

• Adobe: Simplicity At Work Better By Adobe

• AIG Or American International Group Insurance Company: We Know Money

• Air Canada: A Breath Of Fresh Air

• Air Deccan: Simply Fly

• Allianz Group: The Power On Your Side

• American Red Cross: Together We Prepare

• Andhra Bank: Much More To Do, With YOU In Focus

• Andhra Pradesh : The Kohinoor Of India

• Apple Macintosh: Think Different

• Arcelor: Steel Solutions For A Better World

• Astrazeneca : Life Inspiring Ideas

• At & T: The World’s Networking Company

• Audi: Vorsprung Durch Technik

• Austrian Airlines: Fly With Friends

• Axa UK: Be Life Confident

• Bank Of America: Higher Standards

• Bank Of Baroda: India’s International Bank

• Bank Of Rajasthan: Dare To Dream

• Barclays: Fluent In Finance; Its Our Business To Know Your Business

• Big Bazaar: Is Se Sasta Aur Achcha Kahee Nahee

• Biocon : The Difference Lies In Our Dna

• Blogger.com: Push Button Publishing

• Bloomingdales: Like No Other Store In The World

• BMW: The Ultimate Driving Machine

• Boeing: Forever New Frontiers

• Bombay Stock Exchange: The Edge Is Efficiency

• BPCL: Pure For Sure

• Brand Of BPCL, Speed: High Performance Petrol

• Brand Of IOCL, Servo: 100 % Performance Everytime

• Bridgestone: Passion For Excellence

• Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation :Bringing Innovations

in health and Learning To The Global Community

• Bristol Myers Squibb : Extending And Enhancing Human Life

• British Airways: The Way To Fly

• British Petroleum: Beyond Petroleum

• Business India: The Magazine Of The Corporate World

• Business Today: For Managing Tomorrow

• Business World: Play The Game

• Cast Away: At The Edge Of The World, His Journey Begins (Movie)

• CEAT Tyre: Born Tough

• Central Mall: Shop Eat Celebrate

• Chattisgarh Tourism: Full Of Surprises

• Chevrolet Aveo: When Good Is Not Good Enough

• Chevron Corporation: Human Energy

• Cry : Child Relief & YOU

• Chip: Intelligent Computing

• Cipla: Caring For Life

• Citigroup Or Citibank: The Citi Never Sleeps

• CNBC Television: Profit From It

• Comptron And Greaves: Everyday Solutions

• Computer Associates: The Software That Powers The E Business

• Continental Airlines: Work Hard, Fly Right

• Daimler Chrysler: The Future Of Automobile

• Amazon.com: Earth’s Biggest Bookstore

• Deutsche Bank: A Passion To Perform

• Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jaayenge (Movie) : Come And Fall In Love

• Dow Chemical Company: Living Improved Daily

• Dr Reddy’s Laboratories : Life Research Hope

• Dunlop: Accelerate Your Soul

• Dupont: The Miracles Of Science

• Ebay: The World’s Online Market Place

• Emirates Air: Keep Discovering

• Epson: Exceed Your Vision

• Ernst And Young: Quality In Everything We Do

• Essar Corp: A Positive A++Itude

• Euronext : Go For Growth

• Exxon Mobil: Taking On The World’s Toughest Energy Challenges

• Ford: Built For The Road Ahead

• Ford Motor: Make Every Day Exciting

• Fortune: Every Fortune Tells The Story

• Franklin Templeton Investments: Gain From Our Perspective

• FT Financial Times: No FT, No Comments

• Gail: Gas And Beyond

• Glaxo Smithkline : Today’s Medicines Finance Tomorrow’s Miracles

• GM: Only GM
• Goa Tourism : 365 Days On A Holiday

• Guiness Beer: My Goodness My Guiness

• Haier: Inspired Living

• Himachal Pradesh Tourism: The Perfect Host

• Hindustan Times: The Name India Trusts For News

• Hollywood Stock Exchange : It’s Your Hollywood

• Home Depot: You Can Do It We Can Help

• Honda : The Power Of Dreams

• Hp Invent: Everything Is Possible

• HSBC: The World’s Local Bank

• Hyundai: Drive Your Way

• IBM: On Demand

• IBM: I Think, Therefore IBM

• IBP: Pure Bhi Poora Bhi

• ICICI Bank: Hum Hain Na !!!

• Infosys: Powered By Intellect, Driven By Values;

Improve Your Odds With Infosys Predictability

• Intel: Intel Inside

• IOCL: Bringing Energy To Life

• Jaguar: Born To Perform

• Jet Airways: The Joy Of Flying

• Jurassic Park: An Adventure 65 Million Years

in The Making
• JVC: The Perfect Experience
• Kerala Tourism: God’s Own Country

• KFC: There’s Fast Food, Then There’s Kfc

• Kingfisher Airlines: Fly The Good Times

• Kit Kat : Have A Break Have A Kit Kat

• KLM Airlines: The Reliable Airline

• KMART: The Stuff Of Life

• Kotak: Think Investments Think Kotak

• Kroger: Costs Less To Get More

• Larsen And Toubro: We Make Things Which Make India Proud

• Lee: The Jeans That Built America

• Lehman Brothers: Where Vision Gets Built

• Lenovo: We Are Building A New Technology Company

• Lexus: The Pursuit Of Perfection

• LG: Life’s Good

• LIC: Trust Thy Name Is LIC, Jindagi ke Saath Bhi, Jindagi ke Baad Bhi

• London Metal Exchange : The World’s Center For Non Ferrous Metal Trading

• Louis Phillips: The Upper Crest

• Lufthansa Airlines: There’s No Better To Fly

• Lukoil: Always Moving Forward

• Macromedia: What The Web Can Be

• Malaysian Airlines: Going Beyond Expectations

• Mastercard: There Are Some Things Money Can’t Buy For Everything Else
There’s Mastercard

• Max Newyork Life Insurance: Your Partner For Life

• Mcdowells Signature: The New Sign Of Success

• MCX: Trade With Trust

• Merck : Where Patients Come First

• Metro: The Spirit Of Commerce

• Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Or Metlife : Have You Met Life Today

• Michelin: A Better Way Forward

• Microsoft: Where Do You Want To Go Today ; Your Potential Our Passion

• Microsoft Office 2003: Microsoft Office Has Evolved Have You? Better, Faster, And Newer
• Mittal Steel: Shaping The Future Of Steel

• Monster.Com : Never Settle

• Madhya Pradesh : The Very Heart Of India

• MRF: Tyres With Muscle

• Nasdaq : Stock Market For The Digital World

• NDTV Profit: New You Can Use

• Dell: Easy As Dell

• NYSE New York Stock Exchange : The World Puts Its Stock In Us

• ONGC: Making Tomorrow Brighter

• Orange: The Future Is Bright The Future Is Orange

• Peter England: Honestly Impressive

• Petronas: 10 Years In Formula One

The World Is Watching Us
• Pfizer: Life Is Our Life’s Work

• Phillips: Sense And Simplicity

• Prudential Insurance : Growing And Protecting

Your Wealth
• Qantas: The Spirit Of Australia

• Rajasthan Tourism : Simply Colorful

• Raymonds: The Complete Man

• Reid & Taylor: Bond With The Best

• Reliance Industries Limited: Growth Is Life

• Sahara: Emotionally Yours

• SAIL: There Is A Little Bit Of Sail In Everyone’s Life

• Samsung: Everyone’s Invited Or Its Hard To Imagine

• Sanofi Aventis : Because Health Matters

• Sansui: Born In Japan Entertaining The World

• SAP: The Best – Run Businesses Run SAP

• SBI Debit Card: Welcome To A Cashless World

• Rotary International: Service Above Self

• Sholay: The Greatest Story Ever Told

• SGX : Tomorrow Market’s Today

• Skoda: Obsessed With Quality Since 1897

• Sony: Like No Other

• Standard Chartered Bank: Your Right Partner

• Standard Insurance Company Limited: Positively Different

• Star Sports: We Know Your Game

• Star Wars The Revenge Of Sith: The Saga Is Complete

• Sun Microsystems: The Network Is The Computer

• Suzlon Energy: Powering A Greener Tomorrow

• Swiss Air: The World’s Most Refreshing Airline

• Symantec: Be Fearless

• Tata Motors: Even More Car Per Car

• TCS: Beyond The Obvious

• TESCO: Every Little Helps

• The Daily Telegraph: Read A Bestseller Everyday

• The Day After Tomorrow (Movie) : Where Will You Be

• The Economic Times: The Power Of Knowledge

• The Indian Express: Journalism Of Courage

• Thomas Cook : Don’t Just Book It Thomas Cook It

• Timesjobs.com: If You Have A Reason, We Have The Job

• Titanic (Movie) : Collide With Destiny

• To Learn To Heal To Raise: Csim

• Toshiba: Choose Freedom

• Total: Trademark Of Energy

• Toyota: Touch The Perfection

• Toyota Innova: All You Desire

• Union Bank Of India: Good People To Bank With

• United Airlines: It’s Time To Fly

• Uttarpradesh Tourism : Amazing Heritage, Grand Experience

• Videocon: The Indian Multinational

• Virgin Atlantic: Your Never Forget Your First Time

• Vizag Steel: Pride Of Steel

• Voice : Helping Children Write Their Future

• Volkswagen: Drivers Wanted

• Wallet365com: Pay Anyone Online

• Walmart: Always Low Prices Always

• West Bengal: Complete Destination

• Wills Lifestyle: Enjoy The Change

• Windows XP: Do More With Less

• Wipro: Applying Thought

• Blue Cross India : Working For Animals Since 1954

• Amnesty International : Working To Protect Human Rights Worldwide:

• Larsen and Toubro : Its all about imagineering.

• Essar : A possitive attitude

• Maruti Suzuki : Count on us

• Dell : Here is yours

• Chevron Corporation: Human Energy

• GAIL: Gas and beyond

International Organizations and their Headquarters

1. UNO - New York

2. UNICEF - New York
3. UNIDO - Vienna
4. UNESCO - Paris
5. IMF - Washington DC
6. UNFPA - New York
7. ILO - Geneva
8. WTO - Geneva
9. WHO - Geneva
10. International Committee of the Red Cross - Geneva.
11. World Meteorological Organisation - Geneva.
12. World Intellectual Property Organization - Geneva.
13. International Standards Organisation - Geneva.
14. International Maritime Organisation - London.
15. Commonwealth of Nations - London.
16. Amnesty International - London.
17. UNEP( nited ations nvironmental rogramme) - Nairobi (Kenya).
18. SAARC - Kathmandu
19. Food and Agricultural Organisation - Rome.
20. Transparency International - Berlin
21. World Bank - Washington D.C.
22. International Renewable Energy Agency - Abu Dhabi (UAE) (Interim HQs)
23. Universal Postal Union - Berne.
24. International Atomic Energy Agency- Vienna.
25. International Court Of Justice - The Hague
 MAJOR ORGANIZATIONS OF THE WORLD

Agencies Headquarters Establishment

The Food and Agriculture
Rome, Italy 1945
Organization
The International Civil Aviation Quartier international de
1947 -POEPO
Organization (ICAO) Montréal of Montreal, Canada.
The International Fund for
Rome, Italy 1977
Agricultural Development (IFAD)
The International Labour
Geneva, Switzerland 1919
Organization (ILO)
The International Maritime
London, United Kingdom 1948
Organization (IMO)
International Monetary Fund (IMF) Washington, D.C., United States 1945
The International (FOFWB
Geneva, Switzerland 1865
Telecommunication Union (ITU)
The United Nations Industrial
Vienna,Austria 1966
Development Organization (UNIDO)
The Universal Postal Union (UPU) Berne, Switzerland, 1874
The World Bank Group Washington, D.C 1945
The World Health Organization
Geneva, Switzerland 1948
(WHO)
The World Intellectual Property
Geneva, Switzerland 1967
Organization (WIPO)
United Nation Organization (UNO) New York 1945
United Nations Children’s /FX
:PSL
New York 1946
Fund(UNICEF)
United Nations Peoples
New York 1969
Fund(UNFPA)
International Court of Justice The Hague, Netherlands 1945
International Committee of the Red
Geneva, Switzerland 1863
Cross
International organization for
Geneva, Switzerland 1947
standardization
UN Women New York
International Atomic Energy agency Vienna 1957
Commonwealth of Nations London 1884
North Atlantic Treaty Organization Brussels 1949
Transparency Internationals Berlin 1993
International Renewable Energy
Abu Dubai 2009
agency
South Asian Association for
Kathmandu 1985
Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
Association of south East Asian
Jakarta 1967
Nations(ASEAN)
Asia-Pacific economic Cooperation
Singapore 1989
(APEC)
Organization of Islamic cooperation Jeddah 1969
Worldwide Economic Forum Geneva, Switzerland 1971
International Cricket Council Abu Dubai 1909
International Hockey Federation Lausanne, Switzerland 1924
International Federation of Zurich, Switzerland 1904
Association Football
International Council on
Paris, France 1965
Mounuments and Sites
United Nations High Commissioner
Geneva 1950
for Refugees
United Nations Conference on Trade
Switzerland 1964
and Development

LIST OF MAJOR CITIES IN THE WORLD ALONG THE BANKS OF RIVERS

City River -POEPO

London Thames
Berlin Spray
Vienna Danube
Baghdad Tigris
Cairo Nile
Rome Tiber
Paris Seine
Lahore Ravi
Karachi Sindhu
Budapest Danube
Madrid Manjiyr 4ZEOFZ
Perth Swan
Tokyo Arakava
Sydney Darling
Lisbon Linfe
Shanghai Yngitzsikyang
New York Hudson
Washington Potomac

GEOGRAPHICAL NAME OF INDIAN CITIES AND STATES

)JNBDIBM
1SBEFTI
Real name Nickname
Ahmedabad Manchester of India
Kosi Bihar mourning
Ajmer The heart of Rajasthan
Punjab The land of five rivers
Mumbai India’s Hollywood
Chittorgarh Pride of Rajasthan
Nilgiri Hills Blue Mountains
Jamshedpur Steel City
Chhattisgarh Rice Bowl
"KNFS
4IBSJG
Damodar Bengal mourning
Mussoorie Queen of Hills
Himachal Pradesh Fruit basket
Mumbai Gateway of India
Lakshadweep Sea son
Mysore Karnataka Ratna
Bangalore India Garden
Kerala South Kashmir
 +BJQVS

Madurai City of Festivals

Kerala India’s spice garden
Jaipur India’s Paris
Pune Queen of South
K India’s Switzerland
Lucknow Nwabo town
Godavari River South Ganga
Cauvery South India’s Ganges
Kolkata Diamond Harbour
Kolkata Palaces of the city ,IBKKBS
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Delhi Heart of India 1SBEFTI ,PMLBUB
Mumbai The city of seven islands
Kochi Queen of Arabian Sea
Kanpur National highways Chaurah
Srinagar City of Lakes
Jaipur Pink city
Srinagar City of Bridges
Varanasi The city of temples and ghats
Kanpur North India’s Manchester
Amritsar The city of Golden Temple

LIST OF MINERALS AND PRODUCING COUNTRIES

• Mineral • Major producing countries

• Iron • Ukraine, Brazil, Australia, China, UK. S. A.
• Copper • Chile, U , Canada, Zambia
• Bauxite • Australia, Guinea, Jamaica, Brazil
• Tin • Malaysia, Indonesia, China, Bolivia
• Manganese • Ukraine, Gabon, South Africa, Brazil
• Zinc • U , Canada, Japan, Peru
• Gold • China, South Africa, Peru, U , Canada
• Silver • Mexico, Peru, U , Canada
• Diamond • South Africa, Belgium, Congo, Ghana
• Mercury • Spain, China, United state of America
• Lead • United state of America, Australia, Canada, Japan
• Mica • India (80% of the world), Brazil, U
• Thorium • Brazil, Australia, Sri Lanka, Malaysia
• Uranium • Canada, South Africa, U , India
• Tungsten • China, Russia
• Platinum • Canada, South Africa
• Chromium • South Africa, Zimbabwe
"Largest/Longest/Highest in India"

The Longest River Bridge Mahatma Gandhi Setu Patna (5.575 km.)
The Largest Lake Wular Lake (J & K)
The Largest Dam Bhakra Dam, on Sutlej river (Punjab)
The Largest Desert Thar (Rajasthan)
The Largest cave temple Kailash Temple ( Ellora, Maharastra)
The Largest mosque Jama Masjid (Delhi
The Longest tunnel Jawahar Tunnel, Banihal Pass (J & K)
The Largest Delta Sunderbans (W. Bengar)
The State with maximum Madhya Pradesh
forest area
The Longest Corridor Corridor of Ramnathswami Temple at Rameswaram
(Tamil Nadu)
The highest Waterfall Jog or Garsoppa (Karnataka)
The Longest Road Grand Trunk Road (Kolkata to Delhi)
The highest Gate way Buland Darwaza, Fatehpur Sikri( U.P.)
The Longest River The Ganga (2640 km. long)
The Largest Museum Indian Museum, Kolkata
The largest Dome Gol Gumbuz, Bijapur (in Karantaka)
The tallest Statue Gomateswara (Karnataka)
The largest Public Sector State Bank of India
Bank
The biggest canti lever Bridge Rabindra Setu or Howrah Bridge (Kolkata)
The Longest Canal Indira Gandhi Canal or Rajasthan Canal (Rajasthan) 4UBUVF
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The Longest Railway Platform Gorakhpur (U.P.)
The biggest Stadium Yuva Bharti (Salt Lake) Stadium Kolkata
The most populous City Mumbai (Maharashtra)
The largest Sea Bridge Anna Indira Gandhi Bridge (Tamil Nadu)
The longest Passenger Train Dibrugarh to Kanyakumari
Route
The Oldest Church St. Thomas Church at Palayar, Trichur (Kerala)
4BMU
-BLF
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The Longest National NH-7 (Varanasi to Kanyakumari)
Highway
$IJMLB
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The State with Longest Coast Gujarat
Line
The highest Lake Devtal Lake, Gadhwal (Uttarakhand)
The largest Saline Water Lake Chilka Lake (Orissa)
The Largest Fresh Water Kolleru Lake (Andhra Pradesh)
Lake
Largest Cave Amarnath (J & K)
The Longest River of Godawari
Southern India
The Longest Dam Hirakud Dam (Orissa)
The highest Gallantry Award Param Vir Chakra
The highest Award Bharat Ratna
The largest Gurudwara Golden Temple, Amritsar
The longest Sea Beach Marina Beach (Chennai)
4JBDIFO
(MBDJFS

The Highest Road Road at Khardungla, (in Leh-Manali Sector)

The Largest Artificial Lake Govind Sagar ( Bhakhra Nangal)
The Highest Batttle field and Siachen Glacier
the Longest Glacier
The Biggest River Island Majuli Bramhaputra river, (Assam)
The Largest Planetarium Birla Planetorium (Kolkata)
The Highest Airports Leh Airport (Ladakh)

.BSJOB
#FBDI #JSMB
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This list contains the places chosen by the UNESCO as heritage sites in India.

Name of the Site Location Year of Inscription

Agra Fort Uttar Pradesh 1983
Ajanta Caves Maharashtra 1983
Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Madhya Pradesh 1989
Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park Gujarat 2004
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria
Maharashtra 2004
Terminus)
Churches and Convents of Goa Goa 1986
Elephanta Caves Maharashtra 1987
Ellora Cave Maharashtra 1983
Fatehpur Sikri Uttar Pradesh 1986
Great Living Chola Temples Tamil Nadu 1987
Group of Monuments at Hampi Karnataka 1986
Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram Tamil Nadu 1984
Group of Monuments at Pattadakal Karnataka 1987
Hill Forts of Rajasthan Rajasthan 2013
Humayun’s Tomb, Delhi Delhi 1993
Khajuraho Group of Monuments Madhya Pradesh 1986
Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya Bihar 2002
Darjeeling, West Bengal
Nilgiri, Tamil Nadu
Mountain Railways of India 1999
Kalka-Shimla, Himachal
Pradesh
Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi Delhi 1993
Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen’s Stepwell) Gujarat 2014
Red Fort Complex Delhi 2007
Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka Madhya Pradesh 2003
Sun Temple, Konârak Orissa 1984
Taj Mahal Uttar Pradesh 1983
The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur Rajasthan 2010
List of Seven Natural Heritage Sites +BOUBS
.BOUBS
Name Of the Site Location
Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area Himachal Pradesh
Kaziranga National Park Assam
Keoladeo National Park Rajasthan
Manas Wildlife Sanctuary Assam
Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks Uttarakhand
Sundarbans National Park West Bengal
Covers states
Western Ghats
(Kerala ,Karnataka
Maharashtra)
,B[JSBOHB
/BUJPOBM
1BSL
National Animals Of Different Nations

Albania Eagle, Lion

Antigua and Barbuda Blue Whale
Angola Magnificent Frigatebird
Argentina Cougar
Australia Kangaroo,Emu
Bahamas Orca,Flamingo
Bangladesh Royal Bengal Tiger
Belarus Wisent,White Stork
Belgium Lion
Belize Baird’s Tapir
Bhutan Takin
Bolivia Llama
Botswana Zebra
Brazil Macaw,Jaguar
Bulgaria Lion
Cambodia Kouprey
Canada Beaver,Canadian Horse
ChileAndean Condor,Huemul
Colombia Condor
Congo (DRC) Okapi
China Chinese dragon,Crane, Giant Panda
Croatia Dalmatian
CubaCuban Crocodile
Denmark Mute Swan
Egypt Steppe Eagle
El Salvador Turquoise-browed Motmot
Estonia Barn Swallow
Ethiopia Abyssinian Lion
Finland Brown Bear
France Gallic rooster
Germany Black Eagle
Gibraltar Barbary Macaque
Greece Dolphin,Phoenix
Grenada Ostrich
Guatemala Quetzal
Guyana Canje Pheasant,Jaguar
Honduras White-tailed Deer
Hungary Turul
Iceland Falcon, Isle of ManManx
India The Royal Bengal Tiger
Ireland Stag
Iran Lion
Israel Israeli Gazelle
Italy Italian Wolf
Jamaica Green-and-black Streamertail
Japan Green Pheasant,Koi
Jordan Camel
Kenya Cheetah,Elephant
Latvia Atlantic Swordfish
Luxembourg Lion
Malta Blue Rock Thrush
Madagascar Ring Tailed Lemur
Malaysia Tiger
Mauritius Dodo
Mexico Chihuahua
Namibia Oryx
Nauru Great Frigatebird
Nepal Cow
Netherlands Lion
New Caledonia Kagu
Nigeria Eagle
North Korea Chollima
Norway Elk
New Zealand Kiwi,sheep,Tuatara
Pakistan Markhor
Palestine Palestine Sunbird
Panama Harpy Eagle
Papua New Guinea Birds of Paradise
Peru Vicuna
Philippines Carabao
Poland White-tailed Eagle,Wisent
Springbok
Portugal Barcelos cock
Republic of China Formosan Black Bear
Romania Lynx
Russia Bear
Serbia Wolf
Singapore Merlion,Crimson Sunbird
Somalia Leopard
South Africa Springbok,Elephant
South Korea Tiger
Spain Bull
Sri Lanka Lion
Sudan Secretary Bird
Sweden Moose
Thailand Thai elephant
Turkey Gray Wolf
Trinidad and Tobago Scarlet Ibis
Uganda Grey Crowned Crane
United Arab Emirates Falcon
United Kingdom Lion
United States Bald Eagle
Vietnam Water Buffalo
Venezuela Turpial
Zambia Hyena
Zimbabwe Sable Antelope
Boundaries and Lines of the World

• Line of Control: It divides Kashmir between India and Pakistan.

• Durand Line is the line demarcating the boundaries of Pakistan and Afghanistan. It was drawn up in 1896
by Sir Mortimer Durand.
• Hindenburg Line is the boundary dividing Germany and Poland. The Germans retreated to this line in
1917 during World War I
• Mason-Dixon Line is a line of demarcation between four states in the United State.
• Marginal Line was the 320 km line of fortification on the Russia-Finland border. Drawn up by
General Mannerheim.
• Macmahon Line was drawn up by Sir Henry MacMahon, demarcating the frontier of India and China.
China did not recognize the MacMahon line and crossed it in 1962.
• Medicine Line is the border between Canada and the United States.
• Order-Neisse Line is the border between Poland and Germany, running along the Order and Neisse
rivers, adopted at the Poland Conference (Aug 1945) after World War II.
• Radcliffe Line was drawn up by Sir Cyril Radcliffe, demarcating the boudary between India and
Pakistan.
• Siegfried Line The original Siegfried Line was a World War I line of defensive forts and tank defenses
built by Germany in northern France during 1916–1917 as a section of the Hindenburg Line. It is

drawn up by germany on its border with France.

• 17th Parallel defined the boundary between North Vietnam and South Vietnam before two were united.
• 24th Parallel is the line which Pakistan claims for demarcation between India and Pakistan. This,
however, is not recognized by India
• 26th Parallel south is a circle of latitude which crosses through Africa, Australia and South America.
• 30th Parallel north is a line of latitude that stands one-third of the way between the equator and the N Pole.
• 33rd Parallel north is a circle of latitude which cuts through the southern United States, parts of North
Africa, parts of the Middle East, and China.
• 35th Parallel north forms the boundary between the State of North Carolina and the State of Georgia and
the boundary between the State of Tennessee arid the State of Georgia, the State of Albama, and
the State of Mississippi.
• 36th Parallel forms the southermost boundary of the State of Missouri with the State of Arkansas.
• 36o30′ Parallel north forms the boundary between the Tenessee and the Commonwealth of Kentucky
between the Tennessee River and the Mississippi River, the boundary between Missouri and Arkansas
west of the White River, and the northermost boundary between the Texas and the Oklahoma.
• 37th Parallel north formed the southern boundary of the historic and extralegal Territory of Jefferson.
• 38th Parallel is the parallel of latitude which separates North Korea and South Korea.
• 39th Parallel north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 39 degrees north of Earth’s equatorial plane.
• 40th Parallel north formed the original northern boundary of the British Colony of Maryland.
• 41st Parallel north forms the northern boundary of the State of Colorado with Nebraska and Wyoming and
the southern boundary of the State of Wyoming with Colorado and Utah.
• 42nd Parallel north forms most of the New York – Pennsylvania Border.
• 43rd Parallel north forms most of the boundary between the State of Nebraska and the State of South
Dakota and also formed the northern border of the historic and extralegal Territory of Jefferson.
• The Parallel 44o north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 44 degrees north of the Earth’s equatorial
plane.
• 45th Parallel north is often the halfway point between the Equator and the North Pole. The 45th parallel
makes up most of the boundary between Montana and Wyoming.
• 49th Parallel is the boundary between USA and Canada.
Books & Authors

Fiction
Book Name Author
Angels & Demons Dan Brown
Deception Point Dan Brown
How Opal Mehta Got Kissed Got Wild And Got A
Life Kaavya Vishwanathan
Life of Pi Yann Martel
One night at a call center Chetan Bhagat
P.S. I Love You Cecilia Ahern
Shantaram Gregory David Roberts 0OF
PG
UIF
HSFBUFTU
FWFS
8SJUFS

The Fatwa Girl Akbar Agha 8JMMJBN
4IBLFTQFSF
The Foretelling Alice Hoffman
The Fountainhead Ayn Rand
Five Point Someone Chetan Bhagat
The Good Earth Pearl S. Buck
The Honey Bee Girl Doug Hiser
The Immortals of Meluha Amish Tripathi
The Inheritance of Loss Kiran Desai
The Kite Runner Khaled Husseini
The Last Song Nicholas Sparks
The Namesake Jhumpa Lahiri
The Notebook Nicholas Sparks
The Reluctant Fundamentalist Mohsin Hamid
4UFQIFO
Non-Fiction )BXLJOH

Book Name Author

A Brief History of Time Stephen Hawking
Carl Bernstein and
All the President's Men
Bob Woodward
And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS
Randy Shilts
Epidemic
Dianetics:The Mordern Science of Mental Health L. Ron Hubbard
Outliers: The Story of Success Malcolm Gladwell
Following Fish: Travels Around The Indian Coast Samanth Subramanian
How to Win Friends and Influence People Dale Carnegie
In Cold Blood Truman Capote
Maximum City: Bombay Lost and Found Suketu Mehta
 Book Name Author
No Logo: No Space, No Choice, No Jobs Naomi Klein
On Writing Stephen King
Out of Africa Karen Blixen
The Art of Choosing Sheena Iyengar
The Death and Life of Great American Cities Jane Jacobs
The Elements of Style William Strunk
The Hero With a Thousand Faces Joseph Campbell
The Omnivore's Dilemma: A Natural History of Four
Meals Michael Pollan
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi
William L. Shirer
Germany
The Virtue Of Selfness Ayn Rand
Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry
Robert M. Pirsig
Into Values

Classics

A Tale of Two Cities and Oliver Twist Charles Dickens

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland & Through the
Lewis Carroll
Looking-Glass
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Roald Dahl
Emma Jane Austen
Hamlet William Shakespeare
Les Miserables Victor Hugo
Lolita Vladimir Nabokov
Madame Bovary Gustave Flaubert
Middlemarch George Eliot
Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of
Mark Twain
Huckleberry Finn
The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
The Count of Monte Cristo Alexandre Dumas
The Godfather Mario Puzo
The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald
The Importance of Being Earnest Oscar Wilde
The Stories of Anton Chekhov Anton Chekhov
The Three Musketeers Alexandre Dumas
To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee
War and Peace Leo Tolstoy
 Autobiography/Biography

Book Name Author

Capote Gerald Clarke
Madame Curie: A Biography Eve Curie
Mein Kampf (English: My Struggle or My Battle) Adolf Hitler
Mud, Sweat and Tears Bear Grylls
My Experiments With Truth Mohan Gandhi
Wings of Fire A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
8JOTUPO
Oscar Wilde: A Biography Richard Ellmann
$IVSDIJMM
Steve Jobs Walter Isaacson
The Autobiography of Malcolm X Malcolm X
The Diary of a Young Girl Anne Frank
The Discovery of India Jawaharlal Nehru
Moonwalk Michael Jackson
The Secret Life of Marilyn Monroe J. Randy Taraborrelli
The Story of My Life Helen Keller
I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Maya Angelou
Memoirs of the Second World War Winston Churchill
Ghost in the Wires: My Adventures as the World's Most
Kevin Mitnick
Wanted Hacker
My Land and My People Dalai Lama
Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and
Barack Obama
Inheritance

Fantasy

Book Name Author +
,
3PXMJOH

A Game of Thrones George R.R. Martin
Assassin's Apprentice Robin Hobb
Eragon Christopher Paolini
Eye of the World Robert Jordan
Gardens of the Moon Steven Erikson
Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell Susanna Clarke
Lord of the Rings Series J.R.R. Tolkien
Mistborn Brandon Sanderson
Stuart Little E. B. White
The Eyes of Stephen King
the Dragon
The Jonathan Stroud
Bartimaeus
The Belgariad David Eddings
Trilogy
The C.S. Lewis
Chronicles
Paint Your of Tom Holt
Narnia
Dragon
The Harry J.K.Rowling
Potter Series
The Kingkiller Patrick Rothfuss
Chronicle
The Liveship Robin Hobb
Traders
The Original Terry Brooks
Shannara
Trilogy
 The Runelords David Farland
James and the Roald Dahl
Giant Peach

Thriller/Suspense

Book Author
Name
11/22/1963 Stephen King
Along Came a Spider James Patterson
And Then There Were None Agatha Christie
C Robin Cook
o Love (James Bond
From Russia with Ian Fleming
m
In theseries)
Shadow of the Law Kermit Roosevelt
a
Never Knowing Chevy Stevens
Shadow Divers Robert Kurson
Shutter Island Dennis Lehane
The Andromeda Strain Michael Crichton
The Bone Collector Jeffery Deaver
The Bourne Identity Robert Ludlum
The John Grisham
Firm
The Da Vinci Code Dan Brown
The Informationist Taylor Stevens
The Silence of the Lambs Thomas Harris
The Spy Who Came in from the Cold John le Carré
The Wardens of Punyu D.L. Kung
Whiteout Ken Follett
 Famous Books by Asian Authors

Book Author
A Bend in the river V S Naipaul
A Brush with Life Satish Gujral
A Conceptual Encyclopaedia of Guru Granth Sahib S S Kohli
A Foreign Policy for India I K Gujral
A Himalayan Love Story Namita Gokhale
A Nation Flawed-Lesson from Indian History P N Chopra
A Peep into the Past Vasant Navrekar
A Possible India Partha Chatterjee
A Psychoanalysis of the Prophets Abdulla Kamal
A Reveolutionary Life Laxmi Sehgal
A Secular Agenda Arun Shourie
A Suitable Boy Vikram Seth
Acoession to Extinction D R Mankekar
Across Borders, Fifty-years of India’s Foreign Policy J N Dixit
Adhe Adhure Mohan Rakesh
After the Dark Night S M Ali
Agni Pariksha Acharya Tulsi
Agni Veena Kazi Nazrul Islam
Ain-i-Akbari Abul Fazal
Ajatshatru Jai Shankar Prasad
Akbarnama Abul Fazal
Amar Kosh Amar Singh
An Autobiography Jawaharlal Nehru
An idealist View of Life Dr S Radhakrishnan
Anandmath Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Anatomy of a Flawed inheritance J N Dixit
Anguish of Deprived Lakshmidhar Mishra
Answer to History Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Area of Darkness V S Naipaul
Arion and the Dolphin Vikram Seth 1BOJOJ
Arthashastra Kautilya
Ashtadhyayi Panini
Asia and Western Dominance K M Panikkar
Assassination of a Prime Minister S Anandram
Assignment Colombo J N Dixit
Atoms of Hope Mohan Sundara Rajan
Autobiography of an Unknown Indian Nirad C Chaudhuri
Backward Place Ruth Prawer Jhabwala
Bandicoot Run Manohar Malgonkar
Bang-i-Dara Mohammad lqbal
Beginning of the Beginning Acharya Rajneesh
Bend in the Ganges Manohar Malgonkar
Between the Lines Kuldip Nayar
Bewildered India-Identity, Pluralism, Discord Rasheedud-din Khan
Beyond Boundaries: A Memoire Swaraj Paul
Beyond Modernisation, Beyond Self Sisir Kumar Ghose
Bhagwat Gita Veda Vyas
Bharal Aur Europe Nirmal Verma
Bharat Bharati Maithili Sharan Gupta
Bharaitya Parampara Ke Mool Swar Govind Chandra Pande
Bisarjan R N Tagore
Blind Men of Hindoostan-indo-Pak Nuclear War Gen Krishnaswamy Sundarji
Bliss was it in that Dawn Minoo Masani
Borders & Boundaries: Women in India’s Partition Ritu Menon & Kamla Bhasin
Bostaan Sheikh Saadi
Bread, Beauty and Revolution Khwaja Ahmed Abbas
Breaking the Silence Anees Jung
Breakthrough Gen Moshe Dayan
Bride for the Sahib and Other Stories Khushwant Singh
Bridge’s Book of Beauty Mulk Raj Anand
Brishbikkha Bankim Chandra Chatterji
Britain’s True History Prem Bhatia
Broken Wings Sarojini Naidu
Bubble Mulk Raj Anand
Buddha Charitam Ashvaghosha
Bunch of Old Letters Jawaharlal Nehru
By God’s Decree Kapil Dev
Canvass of Life Sheila Gujral
Chandalika Rabindranath Tagore
Chemmeen Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai
Chidambara Sumitranandan Pant
Chikaveera Rajendra Masti Venkatesh lyengar
Chinese Betrayal B N Mullick 3/
5BHPSF
Chitra Rabindranath Tagore
Choma’s Drum K Shivaram Karanath
Chithirappaavai P V Akilandam
Confessions of a Lover Mulk Raj Anand
Confrontation with Pakistan Gen B M Kaul
Conquest of Self Mahatma Gandhi
Continent of Circle Nirad C Chaudhuri
Coolie Mulk Raj Anand
Court Dancer Rabindranath Tagore
Crescent Moon Rabindranath Tagore
Crescent Over Kashmir Anil Maheshwari
Crisis into Chaos E M S Namboodiripad
Crossing the Sacred Line-Women’s Abhilasha Kumari, Sabina
Search for Political Power Abhilasha & Sabina Kidwai
Crown and the Loincloth Chaman Nahal
Cuckold Kiran Nagar Kar
Culture in the Vanity Bag Nirad C Chaudhuri
Curtain Raisers K Natwar Singh
Dark Room R K Narayan
Dashkumar Charitam Dandi
Daughter of the East Benazir Bhutto
Day in Shadow Nayantara Sehgal
Days of My Yers H P Nanda
Death of a City Amrita Pritam
Death-The Supreme Friend Kakasaheb Kalelkar
Decline and Fall of Indira Gandhi D R Mankekar and Kamala Mankekar
Democracy Redeemed V K Narsimhan
Devadas Sarat Chandra Chatterjee
Dharmashastra Manu
Discovery of India Jawaharlal Nehru
Distant Drums Manohar Malgonkar
Distant Neighbours Kuldip Nayar
Divine Comedy A Dante
Divine Life Swami Sivananda
Don’t Laugh-We are Police Bishan Lal Vohra
Dream in Hawaii Bhabani Bhattacharya
Durgesh Nandini Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Dynamics of Social Change Chandra Shekhar
Earth in the Balance: Forging a New Albert Gore
East of Eden B N Mullick
East West Salman Rushdie
Economic Planning of India Ashok Mehta
Economics of the Third World S K Ray
Eight Lives Rajmohan Gandhi
End of an Era C S Pandit
English August Upamanyu Chatterjee
Essays On Gita Aurobindo Ghosh
Eternal Himalayas Major H P S Ahluwalia
Eternal India Indira Gandhi
Eternity Anwar Shaikh
Faces to Everest Maj H P S Ahluwalia
Facts are Facts Khan Abdul Wali Khan
Faith & Fire: A Way Within Madhu Tandon
Fall of a Sparrow Salim Ali
Farewell to a Ghost Manoj Das
Fasana-i-Azad Ratan Nath Sarkar
Flames from the Ashes P D Tandon
Food, Nutrition and Poverty in India V K R V Rao
Forbidden Sea Tara Ali Baig
Fortynine Days Amrita Pritam
Freedom Behind Bars Sheikh Mohd Abdullah
Friends and Foes Sheikh Mujibur Rehman
Friends, Not Masters Ayub Khan
From india to America S Chandrashekhar
From Rajpath to Lokpath Vijaya Raja Scindia
Future of NPT Savita Pande
Ganadevata Tara Shankar Bandopadhyaya
Gardener Rabindra Nath Tagore
Geeta Govind Jaya Dev
Ghasiram Kotwal Vijay Tendulkar
Gita Rahasya Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Gitanjali Rabindra Nath Tagore
Glimpses of Indian Ocean Z A Quasim
Glimpses of World History Jawaharlal Nehru
Goa Asif Currimbhoy
Godan Munshi Prem Chand
Godrej: A Hundred Years B K Karanjia
Golden Gate Vikram Seth
Golden Threshold Sarojini Naidu
Gora Rabindra Nath Tagore
Great Depression of 1990 Ravi Batra
Guide R K Narayan
Gul-e-Naghma Raghupati Sahai ‘Firaq’ Gorakhpuri
Gulistan Boston Sheikh Saadi
Gulzari Lal Nanda: A Peep Promilla Kalhan
in the Service of the People Promilla Kalhan
Gurusagaram O V Vijayan
Harsha Charita Bana Bhatt
Harvest Majula Padmanabhan
Heat and Dust Ruth Prawer Jhabwala
Heavy Weather P G Wodehouse
Henry Esmond Thackeray
Heir Apparent Dr Karan Singh
Higher than Hope Fatima Meer
Himalayan Blunder Brig J P Dalvi
Hindu View of Life Dr S Radhakrishnan
History of Hindu Chemistry Sir P C Ray
Hitopadesh R K Narayan
Hindi Sahitya Aur Samvedna Ka Vikas R S Chaturvedi
Hind Swaraj M K Gandhi
Hindu Civilisation J M Barrie
Hinduism Nirad C Chaudhary
Hungry Stones Rabindra Nath Tagore
I am not an Island K A Abbas
I Dare Parmesh Dangwal
I follow the Mahatma K M Munshi
I Muse; Therefore I am V N Narayanan
Idols Sunil Gavaskar
In the Light of the Black Sun Rohit Manchanda
In the Shadow of Pines Mandeep Rai
India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium Dr A P J Abdul Kalam & Dr Y S Rajan
India-A Wounded Civilisation V S Naipaul
India-From Curzon to Nehru and After Durga Dass
India-From Midnight to the Millennium Shashi Tharoor
India-Independence Festival (1947-1997) Raghu Rai
India in Transition Prof Jagdish Bhagwati
India is for Sale Chitra Subramaniam
India of Our Dreams M V Kamath
India Today Rajni Palme Dutt
Indian Home Rule M K Gandhi
Indian Philosophy Dr S Radhakrishnan
India’s Culture the State the Arts & Beyond B P Singh
India’s Economic Crisis Dr Bimal Jalan
Essay’s for Manmohan Singh I J Ahluwalia & M D Little
Indian Arms Bazaar Maj-Gen, Pratap Narain
India Divided Rajendra Prasad
India Wins Freedom Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Indian Muslims Prof Mohd Mujeeb
India, the Critial Years Kuldip Nayar
Indira Gandhi’s Emergence and Style Nayantara Sehgal
Indira’s India S Nihal Singh
Inside the CBI Joginder Singh
Insider P V Narsimha Rao
Intelligence Services Dr Bhashyam Kasturi
It is Always Possible Kiran Bedi 4BMNBO
Jai Somnath K M Munshi 3VTIEJF
Jaguar Smile Salman Rushdie
Jajar, Churashir Maa Mahashweta Devi
Jankijeevanam Prof Rajendra Mishra
Jawaharlal Nehru-A Communicator Damodaran, A. K.
& Democratic Leader A K Damodran
Jawaharlal Nehru, Rebel and Statesman B R Nanda
Junglee Girl Ginu Kamani
Kadambari Bana Bhatt
Kamadhenu Kubernath Ray
Kamasutra Vatsyayan
Kagaz Te Kanwas Amrita Pritam
Kamayani Jai Shankar Pandit
Kali Aandhi Kamleshwar
Kanthapura Raja Rao
Kanyadaan Vijay Tendulkar
Kapal Kundala Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Kashmir-A Tale of Shame Hari Jaisingh
Kashmir-Behind the Vale M J Akbar
Kashmir Diary: Psychology of Militancy Gen Arjun Ray
Kashmir-The Wounded Valley Ajit Bhattacharjee
Kashmir in the Crossfire Victoria Shaffield
Kashmir A Tragedy of Errors Tavleen Singh
Katghare Main Ram Sharan Joshi
Kayakalp Munshi Prem Chand
Kayar Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai
Keepers of the Keys Milan Kundera
King of Dark Chamber Rabindra Nath Tagore
Kiratarjuniya Bharavi
Kitni Navon Main Kitni Bar S H Vatsyayan
Koraner Nari Taslima Nasreen
Kore Kagaz Amrita Pritam
Kulliyat Ghalib
Kumar Sambhava Kalidas
Lajja Taslima Nasreen
Lal Bahadur Shastri C P Srivastava
Last Phase Pyare Lal
Law, Lawyers & Judges H R Bhardwaj
Laws Versus Justice V R Krishna Iyer
Legacy of a Divided Nation Prof Mushirul Hasan
Life Divine Aurobindo Ghosh
Life is Elsewhere Milan Kundera
Lipika Rabindranath Tagore
Lost Child Mulk Raj Anand
Love and Longing in Bombay Vikram Chandra
Love in A Blue Time Hanif Khureshi
Love, Truth and A Little Malice Khushwant Singh
Mahabharata Vyasa
Malati Madhav Bhavabhuti
Magnificent Maharaja K Natwar Singh
Mahatma Gandhi Girija Kumar Mathur
Malavikagnimitra Kalidas
,BMJEBT
Manviya Sanskriti Ke Rachnatmak Aayam Prof Raghuvansh
Many Worlds K P S Menon
Mati Matal Gopinath Mohanty
Meghdoot Kalidas
Memoris of a Bystander: Life in Diplomacy lqbal Akhund
Men Who Killed Gandhi Manohar Malgonkar
Meri Rehen Meri Manzil Krishna Puri
Midnight’s Children Salman Rushdie
Million Mutinies Now V S Naipaul
Missed Oppertunites: Indo-Pak War 1965 Maj-Gen, Lakshman Singh
Mistaken identity Nayantara Sehgal
Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Sugata Bose, Ayesha Jalal
Political Economy Sugata Bose & Ayesha Jalal
Modernity Morality And The Mahatma Madhuri Santhanam Sondhi
Mondays on Dark Night of Moon Kirin Narayan
Mookhajjiva Kanasugalu K Shivram Karanth
Moor’s Last Sigh Salman Rushdie
Mrinalini Bankim Chandra Charrerjee
Mritunjaya Shivaji Sawant
Mrs Gandhi’s Second Reign Arun Shourie
Mudra rakshasa Vishakhadatta
Mughal Maharajas And The Mahatma K R N Swami
Muslim Law and the Constitution A M Bhattacharjea
My Days R K Narayan
My Early Life M K Gandhi
My Experiment With Truth M K Gandhi
My Life and Times V V Giri
My Own Boswell M Hidayatullah
My India S Nihal Singh
My Music, My Love Ravi Shankar
My Presidential Years Ramaswamy Venkataraman
My Truth Indira Gandhi
My South Block Years J N Dixit
My Struggles E K Nayanar
My Prison Diary J P Narayan
Naari Humayun Azad
Naganandan Harsha Vardhana
Naku Thanthi D R Bendre
Nai Duniya Ko Salam & Pathor Ki Dewar Ali Sardar Jafri
Naivedyam (The Offering) N Balamani Amma
Naked Triangle Balwant Gargi
Nehru Family and Sikhs Harbans Singh
Netaji-Dead or Alive Samar Guha
New Dimensions of India’s Foreign Policy Atal Behari Vajpayee
Nice Guys Finish Second B K Nehru
Nisheeth Uma Shankar Joshi
Niti-Sataka Bhartrihari
Nirbashita Narir Kabita Taslima Nasreen
Non-Violence in Peace and War M K Gandhi
Nuclear India G G Mirchandani and P K S
Nurturing Development Ismail Serageldin
Odakkuzal G Shankara Kurup
One-eyed Uncle Laxmikant Mahapatra
One World to Share Sridath Ramphal
Operation Bluestar-the True Story Lt-Gen K S Brar
Our Films, Their Films Satyajit Ray
Our India Minoo Masani
Out of Dust F D Karaka
Padmavati Malik Mohammed Jayasi
Painter of Signs R K Narayan
Pakistan in the 20th Century Lawrence Ziring
Pakistan Papers Mani Shankar Aiyer
Panchagram Tarashankar Bandopadhyaya
Panchtantra Vishnu Sharma
Pakistan Cut to Size D R Mankekar
Passage to England Nirad C Chaudhuri
Past Forward G R Narayanan
Pather Panchali Bibhuti Bhushan Bandyopadhyaya
Pinjar Amrita Pritam
Plans for Departure Nayantara Sehgal
Portrait of India Ved Mehta
Post Office Rabindranath Tagore
Prathama Pratishruti Ashapurna Devi
Prem Pachisi Prem Chand
Premonitions P N Haksar
Price of Partition Rafiq Zakaria
Prison and Chocolate Cake Nayantara Sehgal
Prison Diary Jayaprakash Narayan
Prisoner’s Scrapbook L K Advani
Prithviraj Raso Chand Bardai
Profiles & Letters K Natwar Singh
Punjab, The Knights of Falsehood K P S Gill
Quest for Conscience Madhu Dandavate
Radharani Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Raghuvamsa Kalidas
Rajtarangini Kalhana
Ram Charit Manas Tulsidas
Ramayana Maharishi Valmiki (in Sanskrit)
Ramayana Dharshanam K V Puttappa
Rangbhoomi Prem Chand
Rang-e-Shairi Raghupati Sahai ‘Firaq’ Gorakhpuri
Ratnavali Harsha Vardhan
Ravi Paar (Across the Ravi) Gulzar
Rediscovering Gandhi Yogesh Chadha
Reminiscences of the Nehru Age M O Mathai
Return of the Aryans Bhagwan S Gidwani
Returning to the Source Acharya Rajneesh
Revenue Stamp Amrita Pritam /BZBOUBSB

Rich Like Us Nayantara Sehgal 4FIHBM
Ritu Ka Pehla Phool Vijendra
Ritu Samhara Kalidas
River Sutra Gita Mehta
Road to Freedom K K Khullar
Rukh Te Rishi Harbhajan Singh
Sader-i-Riyasat Karan Singh
Sardar Patel and Indian Muslims Rafiq Zakaria
Sakharam Binder Vijay Tendulkar
Saket Maithili Sharan Gupta
Satyartha Prakash Swami Dayanand
Satanic Verses Salman Rushdie
Savitri Aurobindo Ghosh
Sceptred Flute Sarojini Naidu
Scholar Extraordinary Nirad C Chaudhuri
Scope of Happiness Vijayalakshmi Pandit
Search for Home Sasthi Brata
Sense of Time S H Vatsyayan
Seven Summers Mulk Raj Anand
Tamas Bhisham Sahni
Tarkash Javed Akhtar
Tehriq-e-Mujahideen Dr Sadiq Hussain
The Assassination K Mohandas
The Betrayal of East Pakistan Lt Gen A A K
The Calcutta Chromosome Amitav Ghosh
The Career & Legend of Vasco de Gama Sanjay Subramanyam
The Chinese Betrayal B N Mullick
The Congress Splits R P Rao
The Defeat or Distant Drumbeats Bhaskar Roy
Unhappy India Lala Lajpat Rai
Until Darkness Parvin Ghaffari
Utouchable Mulk Raj Anand
Urvashi Ramdhari Singh ‘Dinkar’
Uttar Ramcharita Bhava Bhuti
Untold Story Gen B M Kaul Anita
Vanity Fair Thackeray Desai
Vendor of Sweets R K Narayan
Venisamhara Narayana Bhatt
Village by the Sea Anita Desai
Village Mulk Raj Anand
Vinay Patrika Tulsidas
Virangana Maithili Sharan Gupta
Vish Vriksha Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Voice of Conscience V V Giri
Voice of Freedom Nayantara Sehgal
Waiting for the Mahatma R K Narayan
Walls of Glass K A Abbas
War and No Peace Over Kashmir Maroof Raza
War of Indian Independence Vir Savarkar
We, Indians Khushwant Singh
We, the People N A Palkhivala
Widening Divide Rafiq Zakaria
Wings of fire, an Autobiography Dr A P J Abdul Kalam & A. Tiwari
Witness to History Prem Bhatia
Without Fear or Favour Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
Women and Men in My Life Khushwant Singh
Worshipping False Gods Arun Shourie
Wreck Rabindra Nath Tagore
Yajnaseni Dr Pratibha Roy
Yama Mahadevi Verma
Yashodhara Maithili Sharan Gupta
Yayati V S Khandekar
Year of the Vulture Amita Malik
Years of Pilgrimage Dr Raja Ramanna
Yesterday and Today K P S Menon
Stay hungry stay foolish Rashmi Bansal
We are like that only Rama Bijapurkar
Forbidden verses Abu Nawas

QUIZ:

Punchline of ‘YES Bank’: Experience are expertise

New Punchline of Dabur is: Celebrate Life

‘Let your heart fly’ is associated with: Indian Airlines

‘Big Bazaar’ and ‘Food Bazaar’ are owned by: Pantaloon Retail (FUTURE GROUP).

‘We understand your world” is the punchline of HDFC Bank

Branded diesel ‘Turbojet’ belongs to : HPCL

Popular Whisky brand ‘Johnny Walker’ belongs to company: DIAGEO

‘The future of Automobile’ is the punchline of: Mercedes Benz

‘Honours yours Trust’ is the punchline of bank: UCO Bank

Hindi Business Channel ‘Awaaz’ is owned by: CNBC TV 18

Ashok Leyland company belongs to industrial group: Hinduja

HSBC Bank holds stakes in Indian Bank: AXIS Bank

Spencers supermarket is owned by group: RPG

AC Manufacturer Voltas belongs to group: Tata

Hindi News Channel ‘Channel 7’ belongs to group: Dainik Jagran

‘Inspiring Confidence’ is the tagline of: Bajaj

‘Putting news first’ is the punchline of news channel: BBC

Cyrus
Amitabh Bachchan is the brand ambassador of this Jewellery Brand: D’dmas Mistry
Promoter of Optical Storage Maker ‘Moser Baer’: Deepak Puri

The punchline ‘Let there be light’ is associated with: Hindustan Times

‘Uncommon Sense’ adline is associated with: Marico Industries

Domestic Rating Agency CRISIL has been acquired by: Standard & Poor

Global telecom and networking company Cable and Wireless has tied up with this Indian Company:
VSNL

Walton family is promoter of which famous Company: Walmart

“Hindi at its best” is associated with: Navbharat Times

‘Petronas’ is one of the Petroluem Company based in: Malaysia

“India’s International Bank” is tagline of: Bank Of Baroda
The company which has acquired mobile handset business of Siemens(Germany): BenQ
The foreign tobacco company which holds equity stakes in ITC is: British American
Tobacco
Two confectionary brands ‘Maha Lacto’ and ‘Eclair’ are owned by company: Nutrine
‘An Indian Multinational’ is adline associated with: Videocon
/BQPMFBO

Essar Steel is promoted by: Ruia family #POBQBSUF

Prime Minister of England when India got its independence:

Clement A tlee

The person who has been given the sobriquet “Little Corporal”:
Napoleon Bonaparte

Mughal ruler who started a new religion “Din-e-Elahi”: Akbar

1FHBTVT
The country which has been admitted to G-20: Uruguay
The city which has the sobriquet “ Paris of Latin America”: Buenos Aires

In Greek Mythology, the father of Pegasus(the winged horse): Poseidon

The airline which has common man as its lucky mascot: Air Deccan

France Telecom sold its 9.9 % stake in this cellular service company: BPL Telecom

The company which has entered into branded filter coffee segment
under the name Mr. Bean Coffee Junction: Tata Coffee

HB written on the HB pencils stands for: Hard Bond

Corporate Tax is levied on : Income of Companies

I was created by Bobby Kooka in 1938. Who am I?: Air India’s Maharaja

This European Bank holds 6 % stake in HCL technologies: Deutsche Bank

The company which owns the brand “Vicks Vaporub”: P & G

“The Power on your side” is the punchline of : Bajaj Allianz

“Going beyond Expectations” is the punchline of: Malaysia Airlines

Footwear company Aero Club owns which brand: WoodLand

The biggest airport in the world(area): King Khalid International Airport,

Riyadh(Saudi Arabia)

Nobel Prize was started in this year: 1901

Anatoly Karpov(Russia) is associated with: Chess

“Statue of Liberty” was a gift to US from this country: France

“Man of Destiny” was the sobriquet given to: Napoleon Bonaparte

UN day is celebrated on: 24th October

The emblem of UN is: The Olive branch

Founder of Star T.V Network is: Rupert Murdoch

“Delighting You Always” is the punchline of: Canon

Chik and Fairever brands are owned by this company: Cavin Care

India’s first Corporatized port is at: Ennore(near Chennai)

“Swarmala Entertainment” a music company is a joint venture between: BMG & Sony

Nivea Brand is owned by: Beiersdorf

Strepsils, Clearsil drugs are from: Boots Piramal Health Care
World’s largest Spirits Company: DIAGEO

Spiritual Channel Jagran is promoted by: Zee TV

Nicklodeon a channel for kids belongs to: Viacom Inc. Media Group
Company which is largest supplier of HIV AIDS drug: Glaxo
“Blue Box”, “Green Box” are terms related with: Agricultural subsidies in WTO
India’s first LNG Terminal has been established at: Dahej (Gujrat)
EPZ stands for: Export Processing Zone
Kelkar Committee related to: Direct Taxes /VTMJ
8BEJB
Chairman of Britannia Industries: Mr. N.N. Wadia
Newspaper started by Jawaharlal Nehru: National Herald

Ball point pen was Invented by: John Loud and JC Biro
CEO Twitter : Jack Dorsey

Reid Hoffman is one of the founders of : LinkedIN

Founders of Myspace:Tom Anderson and Chris Dewolfe

Indian who performed Kathak for 9hours 20 mins : Gopi Krishna

• Sumantra Ghoshal is associated with : Indian School of Business in Hyderabad.

• Leading producer of Mica, Pulses, Bananas, Mangoes, Groundnuts, Tea : India

• Mundaka Upanishad is the source of : Satyamev Jayate

• f e e ac A
 IPL Franchise – Owners

Team
Sr.No. City Owners Company Home Ground
name

Royal M.
1 Challengers Bangalore Chinnaswamy
Bangalore Stadium
Preity Zinta, Bombay Dyeing, Apeejay
Kings XI Mohali Ness Wadia, Surendera Group, Dabur PCA Stadium,
2 Punjab (Chandigarh) HPCA Stadium
Karan Paul and
Mohit Burman

M. A.
Chennai
3 Chennai N. Srinivasan India Cements Chidambaram
Super Kings Stadium

Shah Rukh
Kolkata Knight Khan, Juhi Red Chillies, Mehta
4 Kolkata Eden Gardens
Riders Chawla and Jay Group
Mehta
Reliance Industries Wankhede
Mumbai
5 Mumbai Mukesh Ambani Limited Stadium,DY
Indians
Patil Stadium
Grandhi
Delhi GMR Sports Pvt Ltd Feroz Shah
6 New Delhi Mallikarjuna
Daredevils Kotla
Rao

Manoj Badale,
Lachlan Sawai
Rajasthan
7 Jaipur Murdoch, Raj Emerging Media Mansingh
Royals
Kundra and Stadium
Shilpa Shetty
Rajiv Gandhi
Sunrisers Kalanidhi
8 Hyderabad Sun TV Network International
Hyderabad Maran
Stadium

T Venkatram Rajiv Gandhi

Deccan Deccan Chronicle
9 Hyderabad Reddy & T International
Chargers Holdings Ltd.
Vinayak Ravi Stadium
(Defunct)
Reddy

Kochi Cricket Private

Anand Shyam, Limited,
Kochi Rendezvous
Vivek Jawaharlal
10 Tuskers Kochi Sports World,
Venugopal and Nehru Stadium
Kerala Parinee Developers,
Sunanda
(Defunct) Anchor Earth,
Pushkar
Film Waves
 Pune Subrata Roy
11 Pune Subrata Roy Sahara Group
Warriors Sahara Stadium

12. 2016 - Pune franchise was bought by Kolkata based business tycoon Sanjiv Goenka’s company
New Rising a Rajkot franchise was bought by Intex Mobiles. Keshav Bansal.

*1-

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*1-

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-PHPT
Parliaments of the World:

Afghanistan - Shora
Andorra - General Council India
Albania - People's Assembly
Azerbaijan - Melli Majlis
Algeria - National Popular Assembly
Angola - National Popular Assembly
Argentina - National Congress
Australia - Federal Parliament
Austria - National Assembly
Bahamas - General Assembly
Bahrain - Consultative Council
Bangladesh - Jatiya Sangshad
Belize - National Assembly
Bhutan - Tsogdu
Bolivia - National Congress
Brazil - National Congress
Brunei - National Assembly UK
Botswana - National Assembly
Britain - Parliament (House of Commons & House of Lords)
Bulgaria - National Assembly
Cambodia - National Assembly
Cango Democratic - Rep. of National Legislative Council
Colombia - Congress
Canada - House of Commons and Assembly Senate
China - National People's Congress
Comoros - Legislative Council and Senate
Chile - Chamber of Deputies and Senate
Costa Rica - Legislative Council and Senate
Crotia - Sabor
Cuba - National Assembly of People's Power
Czech Republic - Chamber of - Deputies and Senate
Denmark - Folketing Germany
Dominica - House of Assembly
Ecuador - National Congress
El Salvador - Legislative Assembly
East Timor - Constituent Assembly
Ethiopia - Federal Council and House of Representative
Egypt - People's Assembly
Fiji Islands - Senate & House of Representative
France - National Assembly
Finland - Eduskusta (Parliament)
Germany - Lower House and Upper House
Guyana - National Assembly
Greece - Chamber of Deputies
Hungry - National Assembly Russia
Iceland - Althing
India - Sansad
Indonesia - People's Consultative
Iran - Majlis
Iraq - National Assembly
Israel - Knesset
Italy - Chamber of Deputies and Senate
Japan - Diet
Jorden - National Assembly
Korea (North) - Supreme People's Assembly
Korea (South) - National Assembly China
Kuwait - National Assembly
Laos - People's Supreme Assembly
Labanon - National Assembly
Lesotho - National Assembly and Senate
Lithuania - Seimas
Luxembourg - Chamber of Deputies
Libya - General People's Congress
Malaysia - Dewan Rakyat and Dewan Negara
Maldives - Majlis
Madagascar - National People's Assembly
Mongolia - The Great Khural
Mozambique - National Assembly Japan
Myanmar - People's Assembly
Nepal - Rashtriya Panchayat
Netherlands - The Staten General
New Zealand - Parliament(House of Representatives)
Oman - Manarchy
Pakistan - National Assembly & Senate
Paraguay - Senate & Chamber of Deputies
Philippines - The Congress
Papua New Guinea - National Parliament
Poland - Sejm
Romania - Great National Assembly
Russia - Duma & Federal Council
Senegal - National Assembly
Seychelles - People's Assembly USA
South Africa Rep. - House of Assembly
Spain - Cortes Generales
Sweden - Riksdag
Saudi Arabia - Majlis Al-Shura
Sudan - Majlis Watahi
Switzerland - Federal Assembly
Syria - People's Council
Turkey - Grand National Assembly
USA - Congress
Vietnam - National Assembly
Venezuela - National Congress
Yugoslavia - Federal Assembly
Zambia - National Assembly
LIST OF MAJOR SLOGANS OF INDIA

Slogan (Phrase) Call was given by #IBHBU

4JOHI
Inklab Jinda Bad Bhagat Singh
Dilli Chalo Shubhash Chandra Bose
Karo Ya Maro Mahatma Gandhi
Jai Hind Shubhash Chandra Bose
Purn Swraj Jawaharlal Nehru
Hindi, Hundu Hindustan Bhartendu Harishchandra
Vedon Ki Or Lauto Dayanand Saraswati %S#BCBTBIFC
Aaram Haram Hai Jawaharlal Nehru "NCFELBS
Bharat Chhodo Mahatma Gandhi
Maro Firangi Ko Mangal Pandey
Shramev Jaiyte Mrs. Indira Gandhi
Jai Jagat Binova Bhave
Samrajyavad Ka Nash Ho Bhagat Singh
Jai Jawan, Jai Kisaan Lal Bahadur Shastri
Kar Mat Do Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel (VSVEFW
Sampurn Kranti Jaiprakash Narayan 3BCJOESBOBUI
Vijyai Vishv Tiranga Pyara Shyamlal Gupta
5BHPSF
Vande Matram Bakim Chandra Chatarji
He Ram Mahatma Gandhi
Jan Gan Man Adhinayak Jai He Ravindra Nath Taigor
Swraj Hamara Janm Sidh Adhikar Hai Baalgangadhar Tilak
Sarfroshi Ki Tamanna Ab Hmare Dil Me Hai Ramprasad Bismil
Sare Jahan Se Achha Hindustan Hamara Muhammad Iqbal
Tum Muje Khoon Do, Me Tumhe Ajadi Dunga Subhash Chandra Bose
Saaiman Commission Vapas Jaao Lala Lajpat Rai
Desh Ki Puja Hi Ram Ki Puja Hai Madanlal Dhingra
Kam Adhik Batain Kam Sanjay Gandhi -BM
Desh Bachao, Desh Banao P.V. Narsimha Rao #BIBEVS
Kashmir Chalo Dr. Murli Manohar Joshi 4IBTUSJ
Who lives India Dies Jawaharlal Nehru
 SPORTS

WORLD CUP FOOTBALL SINCE 1930

The FIFA is an international association that organizes football competitions and matches. It
was established in 1930. It is contested by the men’s national team consistin of the members of the
Federation International Football Association (FIFA), the lar est global sports governing body.
The tournament ta es place every four years.
owever in the ears 1942 and 1946 the competition was cancelled due to the world war-II.
The latest world cup, hosted by Brazil in 2014, was won by Germany, who beat the Argentina with a
score of 1–0. The next world cup is scheduled to be held in Russia from 08 June to 08 July 2018.
The followin world cup will e held in 2022 in Qatar.
Football was officiall included as a competitive game in the Olympic Games in 1908. India
took part in the world Olympic Football Competition that was held in London in . World Cup
Football Championships were planned by the two Frenchmen, M. Jules Rimet and Henry Delaunay.
Jules Rimet was the president of the French Football Federation and remained president of the FIFA
from 1924 to1954. Zinedine Zidane
FIFA World Cup Winners:
Year Place Winner Runners up
1930 Uruguay Uruguay Argentina
1934 Italy Italy Czechoslovakia
1938 France Italy Hungary
1942 Cancelled (2nd World War) ————— ——————-
1946 Cancelled (2nd World War) —————- ——————
1950 Brazil Uruguay Brazil
1954 Switzerland West Germany Hungary
1958 Sweden Brazil Sweden
1962 Chile Brazil Czechoslovakia
1966 England England West Germany
1970 Mexico Brazil Italy
1974 West Germany West Germany Holland
1978 Argentina Argentina Holland
1982 Spain Italy West Germany
1986 Mexico Argentina West Germany
1990 Italy West Germany Argentina
1994 United States of America Brazil Italy
1998 France France Brazil
2002 Japan and South Korea Brazil Germany
2006 Germany Italy France
2010 South Africa Spain Netherlands
2014 Brazil Germany Argentina
2018 Russia (Scheduled) ——————-
2022 Qatar (Scheduled) ——————-
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HISTORY OF HOCKEY

Hockey is the national game of India. The position of hockey in India is very weak but it has
een improving day by day for the last few years. Perhaps, this is the reason wh the Hockey World
Cup of 2018 is sched led to e held in India.England will host the omen’s ockey
orld up in 2018. Indian Hockey Federation (IHF) was formed on 7th November, 1925 in
Gwalior. Since 1944, National Hockey Championship is organized by the IHF every year. he
All India Women’s Hockey Federation was formed in 1947.
ac in 2500 B.C, a a e, si ilar to hockey, was played in France. Unani picture, datin
ac to the year 300 B.C, shows two players with hockey sticks in hands, standin in a pose to
make bulll . he same picture can also be seen on the tomb no. 17 of Beni Hasan, in Iran, a tomb
that elon s to 2500 B.C. In the mid age, a game ‘Hocke’, si ilar to hoc e , was played in France .
his game is now known as ‘Shunty’ in cotland and as ‘Harle’ in Ireland. The first British
description of this game was found at Lincolnshire in 1277.
Black eath Rugby and Hockey Club is the first hockey club in the world that was for ed in the
year 1861 in England. London was the first city in England to popularize hoc e in the 1870s. In
the year 1886, Hockey Association of England was formed in London.
The apex institution of hockey is ‘Federation International De Hockey’, established on
an ar , 1924, with its headquarters at Vienna (Austria) that later shifted to Paris (France). The first
International Hockey match was played between Wales and Ireland in Rayle on June 26, 1895.
Hockey was introduced in the Olympic Games for the first time in 1908 in London. India took part in
the Olympics for the first time in 1928 (in Amsterdam Olympics). In the Olympics, India has won
the hockey title a total of 8 times. The first World Cup Hockey was played in Barcelona in 1971.

Measurements:
Nos. of players: 11 players in each team
Length of field: 91.44 meters
Width of field: 55-55 meters
Weight of the ball: 155-163 grams
Circumference of the ball: 223-224 cm
Color of the ball: white
Weight of the hockey (stick): 280 grams (max.)

Terminology:
dvantage, ack- tick, ully, arry, Centre orward, Dribble, Dodge, Goal ine, Green Card,
Flick it, Face of tick, Full ack, Half olley, Jab Stroke, Lung Stroke, Melee, ff side, Penalty
hoot ut, Penalty troke, Push In, Roll In, Short corner, Striking ircle or hooting
ircle, Square pass, Shooting, Tackling, Through Pass, Under cutting, Stick, Scoop, Side line,
Tie breaker, Penalty, Volley etc.
Cups/ Trophy:
Rene Frank Trophy (world Championship), Champions Trophy, Astanda Cup, BMW trophy, Ajalan
Shah Cup, Indira Gandhi international gold cup, Rangaswami cup (national championship), Lady
Ratan Tata Trophy (national woman championship), Betan Cup, Obeydullha Gold Cup, Federation
Cup, Mumbai Gold Cup, Dhyanchand Trophy, Jawaharlal Nehru Cup, Surjeet singh cup, Aaga Khan
cup, Sindhiya gold cup, Him swarn cup, Seizers-Clarke cup, Murugappa Gold cup, Khan Abdul
Gaffar khan Trophy, Maharaja Ranjeet singh Trophy, etc.
World Cup Hockey Record Table:

Year Place Winner Runners up

1971 Barcelona Pakistan Spain
1972 Amsterdam Holland India
1975 Kuala Lumpur India Pakistan
1978 Buenos Aires Pakistan Holland
1982 Mumbai Pakistan West Germany
1986 London Australia England
1990 Lahore Holland Pakistan
1994 Sydney Pakistan Holland
1998 Utrecht Holland Spain
2002 Kuala Lumpur Germany Australia
2006 Monchengladbach Germany Australia
2010 New Delhi Australia Germany
2014 Hague, Netherlands Australia Netherlands
2018 India

BASKETBALL GAME

Basketball is a team sport, the objective of the sport being to shoot a ball through a basket, that is
horizontally positioned, to score points while following a set of rules. Usually, two teams consistin
of five players each play on a marked rectangular court with a basket at each width end. Basketball
is one of the world’s most popular and widely viewed sports.The game Basketball was invented by
Dr. James Naismith of the U.S.A, in 1891 at Springfield College.
• International Basketball Federation was set up in 1932.
• Basketball Federation of India was founded in 1950. Its world championship was played in
• Measurements (Basketball) : Length of the court – 28 meter, Width of the court -15 meter, Height
of the basket from ground -3.05 meter, Weight of ball – 600 to 650 grams.
Michael Jordan
Terminology (Basketball) : Dribbling, Front court, Second dribble, wo
count stop, raveling or hifting, Pivoting, Held ball, Jump ball, Violation,
Foul, Feinting or Dodging, Shooting, Set shot, Ring, Guard point, Dead
ball, Basket Rudnick, Hook, Goal, Centre line, Free throw line, Onsted,
Fast break, Lay-up shot, Man to man defense, Pack, Three point, Turn
over, Assist, Throw, Goal Tending, Steal, Tap etc.

CRICKET
India hosted the ICC T-20 world cup in the ear 2016. he ODI World up in 2023 is sched led to e
hosted India. I est cha pionship is sched led to ta e place in in n land.
he first One Day International cricket match was played in the year 1971 between England and Australia in
Melbourne. The first world cup cricket of One Day form was played in England in 1975. West Indies won the
trophy, beating Australia by 17 runs. Australia has won maximum I world cups till date ti es and West
Indies and India, both have won twice. In India cricket was introduced by British royalty. Parsee community of
India was the first to take part in Cricket in 1848. Later on, Parsee team visited England in 1886. Matches
between European and Parsee teams, called
 Presidency matches, were started in Poona (Pune) and Bombay (Mumbai). Raja Bhupindra Singh of
Patiala donated the Ranji Trophy in 1934 for the national championship of Cricket.

he Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) was for ed in

• It started as a game of shepherds and became popular among other classes in 18th century A.D.
• After some time a club known as “Marylebone Cricket Club” (M.C.C) was formed at Lords in
London.
• Cricket became popular in Australia due to the British influence there.
• The first official cricket test match was played in the year 1 77 between Australia and England in
Melbourne.
• When some other countries started playing cricket, ‘Imperial Cricket Conference’ was formed in
1909 which gave birth to International Cricket conference in 1956.
• The first One Day international cricket match was played in the year 1971 between England and
Australia in Melbourne.
• The apex institution of world cricket is the ‘International Cricket Council’ (ICC) and its
headquarters is now in ai.
• In India, cricket was introduced by the British royalty. Parsee community of India was the first to take
part in cricket in 1848.
• Later on, the Parsee team visited England in 1986. Matches between European and Parsee teams, called
presidency matches, were started in Poona (now pune) and Bombay (now Mumbai)
• Raja Bhupindra Singh of Patiala donated the Ranji Trophy in 1934 for the National Championship
of Cricket
• The Board of Control for cricket in India was formed in 1927.

Measurements in Cricket:
Length of the Pitch – 22yards (20.11meters)
Length of the crease – 1.22 – 4 ft. (1.83 meters)
Weight of the ball – 155 – 163 gram
Circumference of the ball – 22.4 – 22.9 (9 Inches)
Length of the bat – 96.5 cm (38 Inches)
Width of the bat – 10.8 cm (4.25 Inches)
Length of the stumps – 71.1 cm (28 Inches)
Length of Bells – 11.1 cm (each bail)
Terminolog Cricket : Played on, Appeal, Bye, Leg bye, Power Play, Follow on, Dussara, Beamer,
Hoober shot, Lost ball, Duck Worthluis, Retired hurt, Chinaman, Batsman, Bowler, Wicket, Wicket
keeper, LBW (Leg before wicket), Catch, Hit wicket, Throw, Maiden over, Four, Sixer, Wide, Swing,
Stroke, Cover Mid on, Mid off, Mid wicket, Over the wicket, Round the wicket, Leg spinner, Off
spinner, Over throw, Over slip, Gulley, Cover point, Silly point, Long off, Long on, Third man, Short
pitch, Hook, Dead ball, run out, Popping crease, pitch, Bouncer/Bumper, Full toss, Yorker, Yorked,
Googly, Wicket Maiden, Snick Duck, Hat-Trick, Rubber, The Ashes, Scoring a ton etc.
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Winners of ricket since 1975:

Year Place Winner Runner Up

1975 England West Indies Australia
1979 England West Indies England
1983 England India West Indies
1987 India and Pakistan Australia England
1991 Australia, New Zealand Pakistan England
1996 India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan Sri Lanka Australia
1999 England Australia Pakistan
2003 South Africa Australia India
2007 West Indies Australia Sri Lanka
2011 India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh India Sri Lanka a e ( da O
2015 Australia, New Zealand Australia New Zealand
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2023 India Scheduled

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BADMINTON GAME

• The International Badminton Federation (IBF) was established in 1934.

• Badminton Association of India was formed in 1934.
• The trophy for the international matches was named Thomas Cup after the name of the first
president of the IBF, Sir George Thomas. Thomas Cup competition (for men) started in 1948 49.
Uber Cup Championship (for women) started in 1956.
• World Badminton Championship started in 1977.
Measurements (Badminton): Length of the court – 44feet, Width of the court – 20 feet (for
Doubles) and 17 feet (for Singles), Height of the net -5 feet, Weight of the shuttle cock – 4.74 to 5.50
gram, Overall length of the Racket – 680 mm (2.5 ft.) maximum, Overall width of the Racket -230
mm (9 inches ) maximum, Overall of the racket head – 290 mm (11.5 inches) maximum, Weight of
the racket – Between 85 to 140 grams.
Terminology (Badminton) : Badminton Court, End, Trans Lines, Back gallery, Service Court, Let,
Forward Stroke, Backward stroke, Toss or Lob, Clear, Smash, Net strokes , Rally, Setting, First hand
or Second hand, Side out, Base of Operation, Rotation, Long Service, Net fault, Service break, Match
point, Set point High service Cross shot, Service change, Drive, Drop shot, Duce, Advance

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TABLE TENNIS GAME
• This game was started in England in 1 80s . he International Table Tennis Association was
established in 1926.
• The first match of the able ennis orld championship was played in 1927.
• Table Tennis was introduced in the Olympic Games much later in the ear 1988 at Seoul (S. Korea).
• Table Tennis Association of India was founded in 1938.
• o discover the origins of table tennis we need to look no further than the International Table
Tennis Federation’s (ITTF) Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland.
• The Curator, American born Chuck Hoey, is a world renowned authority in the history of Table
Tennis and is rightly proud of the ITTF’s museum.
• The museum has pieced together all the facts about who invented table tennis and it even
has originals of the first games.
Measurements (Table Tennis) : Length of the table – 2.74 meter (9 feet), Width of the table – 1.52 meter
(5 feet), Height of the table – 76 cm, weight of the ball – 2.4 to 2.53 gram, Diameter of the ball
– 37.2 -38.2 mm, Color of the ball – white or yellow.

Terminologies (Table Tennis) : Foil, End line, Late control, Flat hit, Block stroke, Service,
Penholder grip, Back spin, Centre line, Half court, Side spin, Swing strong, Push stroke, Rally, Let,
Reverse, Top spin, Drop shot, Lob, Chopped return, counter hitting etc.

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 Lawn Tennis

The modern game of tennis was originated in Birmingham, England in the late 19th century as Lawn
Tennis. Tennis is played by millions of players for recreation and is also a popular worldwide spectator sport.

The four grand slam tournaments also referred as Majors

1.Australian open played on hard courts.

2.The French open played on red clay courts.

3.The Wimbledon played on grass courts.

4.The US open played on hard court.

Margaret Court has won a record a in 24 career Grand Slams in the female
3PE
category (Single’s Title) and Roger Federer has won most of the Grand Slams in -BWFS
the ale category (Single’s Title).
Rod Laver has won a Golden Slam in the ale category – All fo r major titles in
one calender year
Steffi Graph and Margaret Court won the Golden Slam in the female category.
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NATIONAL GAMES AND COUNTRIES

Country Games
Argentina Pato
Bahamas Sloop
Bangladesh Kabaddi
Brazil Capoeira
Canada Ice Hockey (winter), Lacrosse (summer)
Chile Chilean rodeo
Colombia Tejo
Mexico Charrería
Korea (Rep.) Tae Kwon Do
Philippines Arnis
Puerto Rico Paso fino
Sri Lanka Volleyball
Uruguay Gaucho
Afghanistan Buzkashi
Anguilla Yacht racing
Antigua and Barbuda Cricket
Barbados Cricket
Bermuda Cricket
Bhutan Archery
China Table Tennis
Colombia Association Football
Cuba Baseball
Dominican Republic Baseball
Finland Pesäpallo
Grenada Cricket
Gu ana Cricket
Ireland Gaelic games
Jamaica Cricket
Latvia Basketball (summer sport)
Latvia Ice hockey (winter sport)
Lithuania Football
New Zealand Rugby Union
Norway Cross-country Skiing
Pakistan Field Hockey
Papua New Guinea Rugby league
Peru Paleta Frontón
Slovenia Alpine Skiing
Switzerland Shooting, Gymnastics
Turkey Wrestling & Jereed
United States Baseball
Wales Rugby union
POPULAR STADIUMS AND SPORTS IN WORLD WITH CITY NAMES

Stadium Sports Place

Indraprastha Stadium Indoor Games Delhi
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium Athletics Delhi
Ferozeshah Kotla Ground Cricket Delhi
Ambedkar Stadium Football Delhi
Shivaji Stadium Hockey Delhi
National Stadium Hockey Delhi
National Stadium Hockey & others Mumbai
Wankhede Stadium Cricket Mumbai
Brabourne Stadium Cricket Mumbai
Eden Garden Cricket Kolkata
Green Park Stadium Cricket Kanpur
Keenan Stadium Cricket Jamshedpur
Nehru ( Chepak) Stadium Cricket Chennai
Varabati Stadium Cricket Cuttack
Aintree , Doncaster , Epsom Horse racing England(U.K)
Flemington Horse racing Melbourn (Aus)
Headingley manchester Cricket England( U.K)
Lords,Ovel,Leeds Cricket England( U.K)
Black Heath Rugby Football London(U.K)
Wimbledon Lawn Tennis London(U.K)
Wembley Stadium Football London(U.K)
Brookland Football England (U.K)
Twickenham Rugby football England (U.K)
Putney Mart Lake Boat race England (U.K)
Trent Bridge Cricket England (U.K)
White City Dog race England (U.K)
Hurlington Polo England (U.K)
Henlay Regata England
Brisbane, Melbourne, Cricket Australia
Perth, Sydney ————– —————–
Yankee Stadium Boxing New York (USA)
Brookalyn Baseball New York (USA)
Forest Hill Tennis (USA)
Sendy Lodge Golf Scotland

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Cups and Trophies (Associated with Sports/Games)

Sport Cups and Trophies

Hockey Aga Khan Cup, Begam Rasul Trophy (women’s), Maharaja Ranjit Singh Gold Cup, Lady Ratan
Tata Trophy (women’s), Gurunanak Championship (women’s) Dhyanchand Trophy, Nehru
Trophy, Sindhia Gold Cup, Murugappa Gold Cup, Wellington Cup etc.
Football Beghum Hazarat Mahal Cup, BILT Cup, Bordoloi Trophy, Colombo Cup, Confederation Cup, D
C M Trophy, Durand Cup, Rovers Cup, B.C. Rai Trophy (National Championship), FIFA World
Cup, Jules Rimet Trophy, Kalinga Cup, Santosh Trophy (National Championship), IFA shield,
Scissor Cup, Subroto Mukherjee Cup, Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee Trophy, Todd Memorial Trophy,
Vittal Trophy, etc.
Cricket Anthony D’ Mellow Trophy, Ashes, Asia Cup, Benson and Hedges Cup, Bose Trophy,
Champions Trophy, Charminar Challenger Cup, C.K. Naidu Trophy, Cooch-Behar Trophy,
Deodhar Trophy, Duleep Trophy, Gavaskar-Border Trophy, G.D. Birla Trophy, Gillette Cup,
Irani Trophy, Interface Cup, Jawaharlal Nehru Cup, Lomboard World Challenge Cup, Mc
Dowells Challenges Cup, Merchant Cup, Moin-ud-Dowla Cup, Nat West Trophy, Prudential
Cup (World Cup), Rani Jhansi Trophy, Ranji Trophy, Rohinton Baria Trophy, Rothmans cup,
Sahara Cup, Sharjah Cup, Sheesh Mahal Trophy, Sheffield Shield, Singer Cup, Sir Frank Worrel
Trophy, Texaco Cup, Titan Cup, Vijay Cup, Vijay Hazare Trophy, Vijay Merchant Trophy,
Vizzy Trophy, Wisden Trophy, Wills Trophy, World Series Cup.
Table Berna Bellack cup(men), Corbillion Cup (women), Jai Laxmi up (women), Rajkumari Challenge
Tennis Cup (women junior), Ramanuja Trophy (men junior), Travancore Cup (women), Swathling Cup
(men) etc.
Badminton Aggrawal Cup, Amrit Diwan Cup, Asia Cup, Australasia Cup, Chaddha Cup, European Cup,
Harilela Cup, Ibrahim Rahimatollah Challenger Cup, Konica Cup, Narang Cup, Tunku
Abdulrahman Cup, Uber Cup, World Cup, Yonex Cup etc.
Basket Ball Basalat Jha Trophy,B.C. Gupta Trophy, Federation Cup, S.M.Arjuna Raja Trophy,Todd
Memorial Trophy, William Jones Cup, Bangalore Blues Challenge Cup,Nehru Cup, Federation
Bridge Basalat Jha Trophy, Holkar Trophy, Ruia Gold Cup, Singhania Trophy. Etc
Polo Ezra Cup, Gold Cup, King’s Cup, Prithi Pal Singh Cup, Radha Mohan Cup, Winchester Cup etc.
Athletics Charminar Trophy, Federation Cup etc.
Air Racing Jawaharlal Challenge Trophy, King’s Cup, Schneider Cup
Billiards Arthur Walker Trophy, Thomas Cup etc.
Boxing Aspy Adjahia Trophy, Federation Cup, Val Baker Trophy etc.
Golf Canada Cup, Eisenhower Trophy, Muthiah Gold Cup, Nomura Trophy, President’s Trophy,
 Prince of Wales Cup, Ryder Cup, Solheim Cup, Topolino Trophy, walker Cup, World Cup etc.
Chess Naidu Trophy, Khaitan Trophy, Limca Trophy, Lin Arec City Trophy, World Cup etc.
Horse Baresford Cup, Blue Riband Cup, Derby, Grand National Cup
Racing
Netball Anantrao Pawar Trophy etc.
Rugby Bledisloe Cup, Calcutta Cup, Webb Ellis Trophy, etc.
Football
Shooting North Wales Cup, Welsh Grand Prix etc.
Volleyball Centennial Cup, Federation Cup, Indira pradhan Trophy, Shivanthi Gold Cup, etc.
Yatching America Cup etc.
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c ae e s

Michael Fred Phelps is an American swimmer ho has on the ma imum number o gold
medals in the Olympics. He is an eighteen times Olympic gold medalist. e currently holds
seven world records in swimming. He is the most decorated Olympian of all times ith a total

of 22 medals hich include 18 gold, 2 silver and 2 bronze medals. Phelps also holds the all-time
records for Olympic gold medals (18, double the second highest record holders), Olympic gold
medals in individual events (11), and Olympic medals in individual events for a male (13).
winning eight gold medals at the 2008 Bei ing Games, Phelps made the record o becoming the
most re uent first-place finisher at an single l m ic ames. Five of those victories were in
individual events, tying the single Games record. In the 2012 Summer Olympics in London,
Phelps won four gold and two silver medals, making him the most successful athlete of the
Games for the third Olympics in a row.

ar sa a y a

At 2nd No in the list of top 10 most medal winners in Olympics is Larisa Latynina. Larisa
Semyonovna Latynina is a former Soviet gymnast. Between 1956 and 1964 she won 14
individual Olympic medals and four team medals. Her total of 18 Olympic medals was a record
for 48 years until surpassed by American swimmer Michael Phelps on 31 July 2012. Although
Phelps broke her total medal count record, her record for individual event medals (14) still
stands. Overall she won 18 medals 9 gold, 5-silver and 4 bronze in Olympics games. She is
credited with helping to establish the Soviet Union as a dominant force in gymnastics.

aa rm

Finnish distance runner Paavo Nurmi, was an Olympic legend. He was given the moni er
Flying Finn as he dominated distance running in the early 20th century. Nurmi set 22
official world records at distances between 1,500 meters and 20 kilometers. Between 1920 and
1928, he made a record b inning nine Olympic gold medals (seven individual; two team)
and three individual silver medals. hen he as at the peak o his career, Nurmi was
undefeated at distances from 800 m upwards for 121 races. Throughout his 14-year career, he
remained unbeaten in cross country events and the 10,000 m
races.
 ar

Mark Spitz, considered to be the swiftest swimmer of all times, made his big splash
during the 1972 Olympics, b becoming the first athlete to win seven gold medals in an
Olympiad. His performances were even more remarkable considering the world
records were set in all seven events. His seven gold medals at the 1972 Summer
Olympics, an achievement surpassed by onl Michael Phelps who won eight gold
medals at the 2008 Olympics in Bei ing.
Between 1968 and 1972, Spitz won nine Olympic golds , a silver and a bronze, five
Pan American golds, 31 US Amateur Athletic Union titles, and eight US National
Collegiate Athletic Association titles. During these years, he set 35 world records, 2 o
them were in trials and unofficial. With his er ormance at Munich in 1 , here he
on gold medals, he became the most decorated athlete in the history of the Olympic
Games until Michael Phelps s 8-gold medal inning performance at Bei ing 36 years
later in 2008.

ar ew s
Carl Lewis is considered to be the greatest track and field athlete of all times with
nine Olympic gold medals, 10 Olympic medals, and eight gold medals at the World
Championships. His career spanned from 1979, when he first achieved a world
ranking, to 1996, when he last won an Olympic title. He topped the world rankings
in the 100 m, 200 m and long ump events frequently from 1981 to the early 1990s.
e was named Athlete of the ear by Track Field News in 1982, 1983, and 1984.
He has set world records in the 100 m, 4 100 m and the 4 200 m relays. His
world record in the indoor long ump has stood unbro en since 1984 and his 65
consecutive victories in the long ump, achieved over a span of 10 years, are one of
the sport s longest undefeated streaks.

O e ar r da e

The King of Biathlon, Ole Einar B rndalen, is a Norwegian professional biathlete. He is the most
medaled Olympian in the history of the Winter Games, with 13 medals hich include 8 gold 3
silver and one bronze medal. On 20 February 2014, B rndalen was elected to the International
Olympic Committee s athlete commission, having becoming the most decorated Winter Olympic
athlete in history.
r c m d sc er

Birgit Schmidt-Fischer of Germany (formerly East Germany) is considered to be

the greatest woman canoeist of all times. She has won eight gold medals over six
different Olympic Games, a record that she shares with Alad r Gerevich, spanning
seven Olympiads: twice representing East Germany and representing the reunited
nations, our times. She has been both the youngest ever and oldest ever Olympic
canoeing champion (ages 18 and 42). She has also won 38 ICF Canoe Sprint World
Championships medals between 1978 and 2005 that include 28 gold medals.

r ae e

Norway s B orn D hlie is the most successful male Nordic skier in Olympic history, with
12 Olympic medals and eight gold medals. D hlie won the Nordic World Cup 6 times. He
has won a total of 29 medals in the Olympics and World Championships in the period
between 1991 and 1999, making D hlie the most successful cross-country skier in
history. He retired after the 1999 World Cup season.

Former Japanese gymnast Sawao Kato is one of the most successful athletes of all times at
the Olympic Games. In three Olympics, he gathered a total of twelve medals, including
eight gold medals. He was a member of the winning all-around team in 1968, 1972 and
1976, and has also won the individual title on the first two occasions, but had to settle for a
silver medal in 1976. He is one of only ten athletes ho have won eight or more Olympic
gold medals. Kato is one of the most successful male gymnasts ever at the Olympics.
 e y m s

With 12 medals and eight gold medals, Jenny Thompson has won swimming medals and
gold medals that are more than those on b any woman in Olympic history. She won
twelve medals, including eight gold medals, in the 1992, 1996, 2000, and 2004 Summer
Olympics. She first appeared on the international scene as a 14-year-old in 1987, when
she won the 50-meter freestyle and bagged the third osition in the 100-meter freestyle at
the Pan American Games. She won her first world championship in 1991, as part of the
USA s winning 4 100-meter freestyle relay team.

a d

American former competition swimmer, Olympic champion Matthew Nicholas Biondi, is the
former world record-holder. Biondi competed in the Summer Olympic Games in 1984, 1988 and
1992, winning a total of eleven medals (eight gold, two silver and one bronze). During his career,
he set seven individual world records (three in the 50-meter freestyle and four in the 100-meter
freestyle).At the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul, Biondi won five gold medals, setting world records
in the 50-meter freestyle and three relay events.

Raymond Ray Clarence Ewry was an American track and field athlete who won 8 gold
medals at the Olympic Games and 2 gold medals at the Intercalated Games (1906 in
Athens). This puts him amongst the most successful Olympians of all times. Ray Ewry
was paralyzed by polio as a child, but ith dint of diligent exercising he developed
immense strength in his legs and became the greatest exponent of the standing umps that
the sport has ever seen. He won the first of his 15 AAU titles in 1898 at the age of 25 and
the last in 1910. Ewry s 10 gold medals in was an absolute Olympic record that stood
unbro en until 2008.

Nadia Comaneci

Nadia Elena Comaneci (born in 1961) is a former Romanian gymnast, winner of three
gold medals at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and the first gymnast to be
awarded a perfect score of 10 in an Olympic gymnastics event. She also won two gold
medals at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. She is one of the best-known
gymnasts in the world. In 2000, Comaneci was named one of the Athletes of the Century
by the Laureus World Sports Academy.
Modern Olympic Games:

Year Host Dates

1896 Athens, Greece 6–15 April

1900 Paris, France 14 May – 28 October
1904 St. Louis, United States 1 July – 23 November
1908 London, Great Britain 27 April – 31 October
1912 Stockholm, Sweden 12 May – 27 July
1916
1920 Antwerp, Belgium 20 April – 12 September
1924 Paris, France 4 May – 27 July
1928 Amsterdam, Netherlands 17 May – 12 August
1932 Los Angeles, United States 30 July – 14 August
1936 Berlin, Germany 1–16 August
1940
1944
1948 United Kingdom London, Great Britain 29 July – 14 August
1952 Helsinki, Finland 19 July – 3 August
1956 Melbourne, Australia 22 November – 9 December
1960 Rome, Italy 25 August – 11 September
1964 Tokyo, Japan 10–24 October
1968 Mexico City, Mexico 12–27 October
1972 Munich, West Germany 26 August – 11 September
1976 Montreal, Canada 17 July – 1 August
1980 Moscow, Soviet Union 19 July – 3 August
1984 Los Angeles, United States 28 July – 12 August
1988 Seoul, South Korea 17 September – 2 October
1992 Barcelona, Spain 25 July – 9 August
1996 Atlanta, United States 19 July – 4 August
2000 Sydney, Australia 15 September – 1 October
2004 Athens, Greece 13–29 August
2008 Beijing, China 8–24 August
2012 London, Great Britain 27 July – 12 August
2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 5–21 August
2020 Tokyo, Japan 24 July – 9 August
India at Olympics:

• India first participated in Olympics in the ear 1900, with a lone athlete (Norman Pritchard)
winning two silver medals in athletics (200m race and 200m hurdles).[International
Olympic Committee regards the medals won by Norman Pritchard as credited to India, but
International committee credits it to Great Britian]. India first sent a team to Olympics in
1920 Summer Olympics and has participated in every summer games since then. India has
also competed in the Winter Olympics since 1964.
• In 1952 Helsinki Olympics, K.Jadhav won Bronze in wrestling.
• Abhinav Bindra has won the only a Gold Medal for India.
• Karnam Malleshwari was the first Indian woman to win individual medal in Olympics.
• Indian Hockey team has won 8 Gold Medal, 1 Silver and 2 Bronze Medals till date.
CULTURE OF INDIA

• Indian culture is one of the oldest known cultures to humanity. Although it is

very difficult to cater the unique and vast cultural heritage of India but still an
attempt has been made to cover all the relevant areas that are related to Indian
culture.
• The literature of India is one of the oldest literature in the world. Here is the
collection of some of the famous works of Indian literature.

Mahabharata Ved Vyas

Ramcharit Manas Tulsidas
Ashtadhyayi Panini
Abhigyan Shakuntalam Kal das
Meghdoot Kal das
Vkmovarshiyam Kal das
Rtusamhar Kal das
Mrichchkatika Shuciraka 4IVESBLB
Ratnavali Harsha
Geetgovinda Jayadeva
Arthashastra Vishnugupt / Chanakya
Kamasutra Vatsyayan
Svapnavasavdattam Bhaasa
Manusmriti Manu
Ananda Math Chandra a
Devdas Chandra a
Gitanjali Rabindranath Tagore
Gita Rahasya B. G. Tilak
Harsha Charita Banabhat
Kadambari Banabhat
Kamayani Jai Shankar Prasad
Mudra Rakshas Vishakhadutta
Panchatantra Vishnu Sharma
Satyar Prakash Swami Dayananda
Mitakshara aa a aa
DANCE FORMS
Jharkhand Chhanu, Sarahul, Jat-Jatin, Karma, Danga, Bidesia, Sohrai.
Uttarakhand Gadhwali, Kumayuni, Kajari, Jhora, Raslila, Chappeli.
Andra Pradesh Kuchipudi (Classical), Ghantamardala, (Ottam Thedal, Mohiniattam, Kummi, Siddhi,
Madhuri, Chhadi.
Chhattisgarh Goudi, Karma, Jhumar, Dagla, Pali, Tapali, Navrani, Diwari, Mundari.
Arunachal Pradesh Mask dance (Mukhauta Nritya), War dance.

Himachal Pradesh Jhora, Jhali, Chharhi, Dhaman, Chhapeli, Mahasu, Nati, Dangi, Chamba, Thali, Jhainta,
Daf, Stick dance etc.
Goa Mandi, Jhagor, Khol, Dakni etc.
Assam Bihu, Bichhua, Natpuja, Maharas, Kaligopal, Bagurumba, Naga dance, Khel Gopal, Tabal
Chongli, Canoe, Jhumura Hobjanai etc.
West Bengal Kathi, Gambhira, Dhali, Jatra, Baul, Marasia, Mahal, Keertan etc.
Kerala Kathakali (Classical), Ottam Thulal, Mohini-attam, Kaikottikali, Tappatikali, Kali Auttam.
Meghalaya Laho, Baala etc.
Manipur Manipuri (Classical), Rakhal, Nat Rash, Maha Rash, Raukhat etc.
Nagaland Chong, Khaiva, Lim, Nuralim etc.
Orissa Odissi (Classical), Savari, Ghumara, Painka, Munari, Chhau, Chadya Dandanata etc.
Maharashtra Lavani, Nakata, Koli, Lezim, Gafa, Dahikala Dasavtar or Bohada, Tamasha.
Karnataka Yakshagan, huttar, Suggi, Kunitha, Karga, Lambi
Gujarat Garba, Dandiya Ras, Tippani Juriun, Bhavai.
Punjab Bhagra, Giddha, Daff, Dhaman etc.
Rajasthan Ghumar, Chakri, Ganagor, Jhulan Leela, Jhuma, Suisini, Ghapal, Panihari, Ginad.
Mizoram Khanatm, Pakhupila, Cherokan etc.
J&K Rauf, Hikat, Mandjas, kud Dandi nach, Damali.
Tamil Nadu Bharatnatyam, Kumi, Kolattam, Kavadi,
Uttar Pradesh Nautanki, Raslila, Kajri, Jhora, Chappeli, Jaita.
Bihar Jata-Jatin, Bakho-Bakhain, Panwariya, Sama-Chakwa, Bidesia, Jatra etc.
Haryana Jhumar, Phag Dance, Daph, Dhamal, Loor, Gugga, Khor, Gagor etc.

#JIV
.PIJOJBUUBN

#IBSBU
/BUBZBN
 Famous and Important music artists of India and their associated disciplines
1. Pt. Bhimsen Joshi: Hindustani Vocalist
2. Pt. Jasraj: Hindustani Vocalist
3. Late M. S. Subbulakshmi: Famous Camatic Vocalist
4. Allauddin Khan: Hindustani Vocalist
5. Bade Gulam AH Khan: Hindustani Vocalist
6. Basavraj Rajguru: Hindustani Vocalist
7. Dr. M. Balmuralikrishna: Camatic Vocalist
8. D. K. Pattamal: Camatic Vocalist
9. K. J. Yesudas: Carnatic Vocalist
10. Gangubai Hangal: Hindustani Vocalist
11. Parveen Sultana: Hindustani Vocalist
12. Rajan and Sajan Mishra: Hindustan Vocalist
13. Kishori Amonkar: Hindustani Vocalist

Pandit Shiv Kumar Sharma

Famous Musical Instrument Artists

1. Sitar Pandit Ravi Shankar, Debu Chaudhary, Annapuma Devi, Anoushka Shankar.
2. Flute Hari Prasad Chourasiya, Jayantha Bannerjee
3. Violin N. Rajam, P. L Pawar
4. Sarod Amjad Ali Khan, Ali Akbar Khan, Aman and Ayan Ali Bangish,
5. Shehnai Bismillah Khan, Shailesh Bhagat, Anant Lal
6. Tabla Shafat Ahmed Khan, Kishan Maharaj, Late Allah Rakha Qureshi,Zakir Hussain
7. Santoor Pandit Shiv Kumar Sharma
8. Sarangi Ram Narayan

1U3BWJ

4IBOLBS ;BLJS
)VTTBJO
 Superlatives

• Airport, Highest - Lhasa Airport, Tibet $IFFUBI

wift
• Animal, biggest - Blue Bottom whale
• Animal, Fastest - Cheetah
• Animal, Tallest - Giraffe
ere rine 0TUSJDI
• Archipelago, Largest - Indonesia
alcon
• Bay, Largest- Hudson Bay, Canada,
• Bird, Largest - Ostrich
• Bird, Smallest - Humming bird
• Bird. Fastest - Spine tailed Swift(Flying), Peregrine Falcon(Diving)
#VSK
• Bridge, Longest - the Akashi Kaikyo bridge in Japan
,IBMJGB
• Building, Tallest in the World - Burj Khalifa, Dubai (UAE)
• Canal, Longest - Baltic sea White Canal
• Canal, Longest - Suez Canal
• Canal, Longest Irrigational- The Kalakumsky Canal
• Capital, Highest - La Paz (Boliva)
• Cathedral, Largest - Cathedral Church of New York
• Cemetry, Largest - Leningrad, Russia
• Church, Largest - St.Peter's Basilica in the Vatican City, Rome. )VNNJOH
#JSE
• Cinema House, Biggest - Roxy, New York
• City, Biggest in Area - Mount Isa Australia
• City, Costliest- Tokyo
• City, Highest - Wen Chuan, China

• Continent, Largest - Asia

• Continent, Smallest - Australia
• Corridor, Longest - Rameshwaram Temple (India)
• Country, Largest - Russia
• Country, Largest (Electorate)- India f

• Country, Smallest - Vatican City

• Creature, Largest - Blue Whale
• Dam, Highest - Hoover Dam (U.S.A.)
• Dams, Largest - Grand Coulee Dam, USA
• Day, Longest - June 21
• Day, Shortest - December 22
• Delta, Largest - Sunderbans
• Democracy, Largest - India
• Desert, Largest - Sahara, Africa
• Desert, Largest (Asia) - Gobi
• Diamond, Largest - The Cullinan
• Dog, Fastest - Persian greyhound Mahabharata
• Dome, Biggest - Gol Gumbaz (Bijapur), India
• Dome, Largest - Astrodome, in Housten (U.S.A.)
• Epic, Largest - Mahabharat
• Epic, Longest - Mahabharata
• Flower, Biggest - Rafflesia (Java)
3BGGMFTJB
• Fountain, Tallest - Fountain Hills, Arizona "SOPMEJ
• Gulf, Largest - Gulf of Mexico
• Hotel, Largest - Hotel Rossaiya, Moscow
• Island, Largest - Greenland
• Lake, Deepest - Baikal (Siberia)
• Lake, Deepest -Baikal (Siberia)
• Lake, Highest - Titicaca (Bolivia)

• Lake, Largest - Caspian Sea, CIS Iran

• Lake, Largest (Artificial)- Lake Mead (Boulder Dam)
• Lake, Largest (Fresh water)- Superior
• Library, Biggest - National Kiev Library, Moscow and Library of the Congress, Washington
• Library, Largest- United State Library of Congress, Washington D.C.
• Lightest Gas - Hydrogen
• Metal, Lightest - Lithium (SFFOMBOE
• Minaret, Tallest - Qutub Minar, Delhi (India)
• Mosque , Largest- Jama Masjid, Delhi (India)
• Mountain Peak Mount, Highest - Everest (Nepal)
• Mountain Range, Highest- Himalayas
• Mountain, Longest - Andes (South America)
• Museum, Biggest - British Museum (London)
• Oceans, Biggest - Pacific Ocean
• Oceans, Deepest - Pacific Ocean
• Palace, Biggest - Vatican (Rome)
• Palace, Largest - Imperial Palace (China)
• Park, Biggest - Yellow Stone National Park
• Park, Largest - Wood Buffalo National Park (Canada)
• Peninsula, Largest - Arabia
• Place, Coldest (Habitated)- Verkhoyank (Siberia)
• Place, Dryest - Iqique (In Atacama Desert, Chile)
• Place, Hottest - Al-Azizia (Libya)
• Place, Rainiest - Mosinram, near Cherapunji (India)
• Planet, Biggest - Jupiter
• Planet, Brightest- Venus
• Planet, Coldest - Pluto
• Planet, Farthest (from the Sun) - Pluto
• Planet, Nearest (To the Sun) - Mercury
• Planet, Smallest - M rcury
• Plateau, Highest - Pamir (Tibet)
• Platform, Largest - Grand Central Terminal, (Ely. Station)New York (USA)
• Platform, Longest - a (India)
• Population, Highest - Mexico
• Railway Bridge, Longest - Huey P. Long Bridge, Louisiana (U.S.A.)
• Railway, Longest - Trans-Siberian railway
• River Dam , Longest - Hirakud Dam, India
• River, Largest - Amazon (S. America)
• River, Longest - Nile, Africa
• 4OBLF
'BTUFTU
#MBDL
.BNCB
• Road, Highest - Leh-Nobra, Ladakh division India.
• Sea, Largest - Mediterranean sea
• Sea, Largest - South China Sea
• Sea-bird, Largest - Albatross "MCBUSPTT

• Stadium, Largest - Starhove Stadium, Prague (Czech Republic)

• Star, Brightest - Sirius A
"OHLPS
7BU
5FNQMF
• Statue, Tallest - Motherland (Russia)
• Telescope, Biggest - Mt. Palomar (USA)
• Temple, Largest - Angkorwat in Kampuchea
• Theatre, Oldest - Teatro Ohmpico (Itlay)
• Tower, Tallest - C. N. Tower, Toronto (Canada)
• Train Flying, Longest - Scotsman
• Tunnel, Longest (Railway) - Tanna (Japan)
• Tunnel, Longest (Road) - Mont Blanc Tunnel between France and Italy
• Village, Highest - Andean (Chile)
• Volcano, Highest - Ojos del Salado, (Argentina) Chile
• Volcano, Largest - Manuna Lea (Hawai)
• Wall, Longest - Great Wall of China
• Water Level, Lowest - Dead Sea
• Waterfall, Highest - Angel (Venezuela)
• Waterfall, Widest - Khone Falls (Laos)
• Zoo, Largest - Kruger National Park, South Africa

• Largest airport - King Khalid International Airport, Saudi Arabia.

• Largest church- Basilica of St. Peter, Vatican City

• The largest cinema - Fox theatre, Detroit,

• Largest Archipelago - Indonesia

• Largest Country - Russia

• Smallest Country - Vatican City

• Europe Largest Continent - Asia
• Smallest Continent - Australia
• Largest Gulf - Gulf of Mexico
• Largest Bay - The Bay of Bengal
• Largest Island - Greenland
• Largest peninsula - Arabia.
• Largest bay - Hudson Bay, Canada.
• Longest River - The Nile, Africa
• Shortest River - The Roe, Montana
• Largest River - The Amazon, South America,
• Largest Sea - The South China Sea
• Largest Ocean - Pacific Ocean
• Deepest Ocean - Pacific Ocean
• Smallest Ocean - Arctic Ocean
• Largest Lake - Caspian Sea
• Largest Freshwater Lake - Lake Superior, US-Canada
Angel
• Highest Lake - Titicaca in Peru
Falls
• Lagoon - Lagoa dos Patos, Brazil
• Largest Waterfall - Angel Falls, Venezuela
• Deepest Underwater Trench - Mariana Trench, (Pacific Ocean)
• Highest Mountain - Mount Everest, Himalayan Mountains, Nepal-Tibet
• The lowest mountain range - Buena Bhaile.
• Longest Mountain Range - The Andes of South America
• Lowest Point on land - The Dead Sea, Israel-Jordan.

"OEFT
.PVOUBJO
3BOHF
 INTERNATIONAL DAYS

World Laughter Day ............................. January 10

World Customs Day ............................. January 26
Valentine’s Day.................................... February 14
World Mother Language Day ................. February 21
World Women’s Day................................. March 8
World Consumer Day ............................. March 15
World Disabled Day ............................... March 15
World Forestry Day ................................ March 21
Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination....March 21
World Day for Water ............................... March 22
World Meteorological Day .........................................March 23
World Tuberculosis Day ......................... March 24
World Theatre Day ................................. March 27
World Ship Day .......................................... April 5
World Health Day ....................................... April 7
World Aviation and Cosmonautics Day…....April 12
International Special Librarians Day ........... April 15
World Haemophilia Day ............................. April 17
World Heritage Day ................................... April 18
World Secretaries Day ............................... April 21
World Earth Day ........................................ April 22
World Book and Copy Right Day ...............April 23
International Dance Day .....................April 29
May Day
International Labourers Day ......................... May 1
World Solar Energy Day .............................. May 3
World Press Freedom Day ............................ May 3
World Red Cross Day .................................. May 8
International Nurses Day ........................... May 12

International Mothers Day .. 2nd sunday of every May

World Day of the Family .............................May 15
World Telecommunication Day................... May 17
Commonwealth Day ................................... May 24
World Anti-tobacco Day ............................ May 31
World Environment Day .............................. June 5

World day to combat desertification and drought ....... June 17

Father’s Day .............................................. June 20
UN Charter Signing Day ............................ June 25
International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking ............. June 26
World Architectural Day ..............................July 1
World Population Day ................................July 11
World Breast Feeding Day ...................... August 1
International Friendship Day ................... August 3
Hiroshima Day ........................................ August 6
Nagasaki Day ......................................... August 9
World Youth Day .......................... August 12 (UN)
World Folklore Day................................ August 22
World Sanskrit Day................................ August 22
World Enforced Disappearance Day ....... August 31
World Coconut Day ............................ September 2
World Literacy Day............................. September 8
World Ozone Day ............................. September 16
U.N. Peace Day................................. September 20
World Alzheimer’s Day ..................... September 21
World Tourism Day........................... September 27
World Heart Day .................. Last Sunday September
World Animal Welfare Day ......................October 4
World Postal Day ................................... October 9
Territorial Army Day ............................... October 9
World Standards Day ........................... .October 14
 World Blind Day (World white cane day) October 15
World Food Day ................................... October 16
Global Iodine Deficiency Disorders Day October 21
U.N Day ............................................... October 24
World Information Development Day .... October 24
World Thrift Day .................................. October 30
World Diabetes Day .......................... November 14
World Citizen Day...............................November 14
World Environmental Protection day.....November 25
World AIDS Day.................................... December 1
World Human Rights Day ..................... December 10
World Asthma Day ............................ …December 11
Marconi Day .................................... ….December 12

NATIONAL DAYS (INDIA)

Pravasi Bharatiya Divas ..........................January 9

National Youth Day ............................... January 12
Army Day ............................................. January 15
Netaji Day ............................................. January 23
India Tourism Day ................................. January 25
National Voters Day……………......……January 25 is the foundation day of the Election Commission of
India.
Republic Day ......................................... January 26
Martyr’s Day ......................................... January 30
Panchayat Day ..................................... ..February 19
Arunachal Day ..................................... February 20
Central Excise Day ................................ February 24
National Science Day ............................ February 28
National Security Day ................................ March 4
Ordinance Factories Day (India) ............... March 18
Odisha Day .................................................. April 1
National Maritime Day ................................. April 5
Jallianwala bagh Day .................................. April 13
National Technology Day ........................... May 11
National Mother Security Day ..................... April 11
Solidarity Day............................................. May 13
Fire force day............................................. April 14
Sikkim Day ................................................. May 16
Anti Terrorism Day (Death anniversary of
Rajiv Gandhi) .............................................. May 21
Everest Day ................................................ May 29
Doctor’s Day ................................................. July 1
Kargil Vijay Day ........................................... July 26
Quit India Day ......................................... August 9
Independence Day ..................................August 15
Sadbhavana Day .............................. ……August 20 (Birth anniversary of Rajiv Gandhi)
National Sports Day ................................August 29
Teachers Day ................................... September 5
Hindi Day .........................................September 14
Engineers day...................................September 15
Deaf Day .........................................September 26
National Blood Donation Day .................. October 1
Gandhi Jayanti Day.................................. October 2

Wild Life Week .............................. October 1st to 7

Air Force Day .......................................... October 8
National Postal Day ............................... October 10
Azad Hind day ...................................... October 21
National Rededication Day (Death anniversary of Mrs. Indira Gandhi, birth anniversary of
Sardar Vallabhai Patel) ........................... October 31
Legal Service Day ................................ November 9
Transport Day .................................... November 10
Childrens Day..................................... November 14
National News Paper day .................... November 16
National Mental disorder day ................ November 17
Indian Citizen Day .............................. November 19
NCC Day ............................................ November 24
National Law Day ............................... November 26
Navy Day ............................................. December 4
Armed Force Flag Day .......................... December 7
National Mental disorder ..................... December 8
Conservation Day............................... December 14
National energy protect day .................. December 14
Vijay Divas ......................................... December 16
National Minorities Rights Day ........... December 18
Kissan Day (Farmer’s Day) ................. December 23
National Consumer Day ...................... December 24

v Kisan Divas celebrated on the birth day of Sri Charan Singh.

v Children’s day is being celebrated on the birth- day of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
v Teachers Day is being celebrated on the birth- day of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
v National youth Day is being celebrated on the birthday of Vivekananda
v National Sports day is being celebrated on the birthday of Dhyan Chand.
v National Technology day is being celebrated to commemorate India’s achievements
on nuclear capability.
v National Science Day is celebrated on the day in 1928 C. V. Raman discovered Raman
Effect.
v Doctor’s Day is celebrated on the birthday of Dr. B. C. Roy
v National Broadcasting Day is celebrated on that day when Gandhiji addressed the
nation.