TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-119.02, Rev.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

2.0 STANDARD NOMINAL VOLTAGES

3.0 CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTATIONS

3.1 Outdoor Substations

3.2 Indoor Substations
3.3 Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) Substations

4.0 BUS (SWITCHING) ARRANGEMENTS

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

5.1 Appearance
5.2 Public Safety
5.3 Site Conditions
5.4 Electrostatic and Electromagnetic Field Effects

6.0 SYSTEM PARAMETERS

6.1 Frequency
6.2 System Nominal Voltage
6.3 Harmonics
6.4 AC Auxiliary Voltages
6.5 DC Auxiliary Voltages
6.6 Insulation Levels
6.7 Creepage Distance

7.0 SYSTEM CONVENTIONS

7.1 Circuit Configuration

7.2 System Grounding
7.3 Phase Designations
7.4 Mimic Bus Color Code
7.5 Equipment Designations

8.0 STANDARD EQUIPMENT AND RATINGS

8.1 Power Transformer

8.2 Circuit Breakers

9.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-119.02, Rev. 0

1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The purpose of this chapter is to highlight SEC practices with respect to standard nominal
voltages, substation classification and switching arrangements. It also defines the basic
criteria required to design a substation for SEC. These include the environmental
considerations, system parameters, system conventions and standard substation equipment
and their ratings.

Other relevant aspects of substation engineering, like grounding, lighting, surge protection,
lightning protection, insulation co-ordination, clearances, cable laying, etc. shall be per other
chapters of TES-P-119.

The design shall make adequate provision for safety of operation and maintenance
personnel, reliability and continuity in service, ease of inspection and maintenance, ease and
clarity of operation, avoidance of spurious alarms, ability to withstand the severe service
conditions specified, freedom from undue vibration and noise, exclusion of vermin, birds
and animals, precautions to minimize fire risk. To limit the required stock of spare parts all
equipment and parts thereof performing similar duties shall be interchangeable.

All support structures for electrical equipment shall be designed to suit the service
conditions specified in 01-TMSS-01, the loads imposed on them, and the appropriate
electrical clearance requirements as mentioned in TES-P-119.08. The portal structures and
foundations shall be designed considering the spans required by the substation layout.

The SI system of units shall be used for all Engineering and Design.

2.0 STANDARD NOMINAL VOLTAGES

The standard nominal voltages used by SEC are 11kV, 13.8kV, 33kV, 34.5kV and 69kV for
distribution and 110kV, 115kV, 132kV, 230kV and 380kV for transmission of electric
power.

3.0 CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTATIONS

3.1 Outdoor Substations

In outdoor substation, the primary side switchgears of power transformer shall be

installed in the open air and the secondary/tertiary side switchgears shall be installed
indoors in an air-conditioned building.

3.2 Indoor Substations

In indoor substation, both primary and secondary/tertiary side switchgears of the

power transformer shall be installed in an air-conditioned building.

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3.3 Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) Substations

In GIS substation the primary side switchgears of power transformer shall be totally
enclosed in an SF6 gas insulated housing and shall normally be installed indoors in
an air-conditioned building. The exit bus ducts from GIS (if any) shall be installed
outdoors. Secondary/tertiary side switchgears of the power transformer shall be
installed in an air-conditioned building.

In all the three categories of substations, power transformers/reactors and station

service transformers shall be installed in the open air (outdoors).

4.0 BUS (SWITCHING) ARRANGEMENTS

The main bus bar switching arrangements shall be as per project scope of work and
technical specifications (SOW/TS) and the same shall be one of the following :

• Single /straight bus (Figure 02-1)

• Double bus, single breaker (Figure 02-2 or Figure 02-09 or Figure 02-15)
• Ring bus (Figure 02-3 or Figure 02-11)
• Breaker and a half (Figure 02-4 or Figure 02-10)
• PI (Figure 02-5 or Figure 02-13)
• Inverted PI (Figure 02-6 or Figure 02-12) and extended inverted PI (Figure 02-7 or
Figure 02-14)

Offered bus bar arrangement shall be cost effective (present worth of annual costs and
minimum life cycle cost), flexible and safe to operate and maintain with required degree of
service continuity and reliability as well as the availability of power sources. Transmission
substation equipment losses shall be evaluated to justify minimum life cycle cost.

If specified in SOW/TS, some of these arrangements may be modified by the addition of

circuit breakers and/or disconnect switches to meet the requirements of a particular
installation.

In Double Bus, Single Breaker Arrangement the bus coupler breaker connecting the two
main buses shall be normally closed, so transfer of a feeder from one bus to the other bus
will be possible without de-energizing the feeder circuit, by operating the disconnect
switches.

In Breaker and a Half Arrangement under normal operating conditions, all breakers shall be
closed and the two main buses shall be energized. To trip a circuit the two associated circuit
breakers must be opened.

Radial taps from 230kV and 380kV transmission lines to supply distribution type loads shall
be avoided.

Transmission substations shall be designed for single contingency emergency situation. It is

desirable that motor loads shall ride through this single contingency situation.

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Automatic load shedding shall be used if specified in SOW/TS to aviod cascading outages
and to minimize transient time of system disturbances/disruption.

Power factor correction shall be evaluated if voltage regulation is excessive.

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

5.1 Appearance

5.1.1 In some areas, zoning regulations shall require screening, low profile designs,
or other measures to improve appearance of outdoor substation. Substations
shall be located in a way that they are not strikingly visible to the public.

Sites that avoid the outdoor substation structures appearing on the skyline,
and those that take advantage of the natural land contours and tree plantations
are preferred.

5.1.2 The silhouette of a outdoor substation may be reduced in several ways

including the use of solid shape structural sections.

5.1.3 Engineering of substation facilities should be coordinated to develop the least

overall objectionable layout. Installation of underground distribution circuits
for some distance from the substation before going overhead should be
considered if necessary to alleviates the problem of a large number of lines
converging on the substation and the associated right of way problems.

5.1.4 Lowering of the outdoor substation profile may also be accomplished by

Inverted Bus Arrangement other than underground circuits if a large ground
area is available and where beauty and aesthetic qualities are necessary.

5.1.5 Generally, use of complementary colors rather than use of contrasting colors
shall be better to blend the substation building into the background.

5.1.6 Outdoor substations shall consider nearby airports and aeronautic corridors
(if any), as there are usually restrictions on the maximum height of structures
and due to possible disturbances on navigation equipment.

5.1.7 Following present SEC practices shall be followed:

All 69kV, 110kV, 115kV, 132kV, 230kV and 380kV substations shall be
indoor GIS modular type unless otherwise specified in project SOW/TS.

All substations upto 34.5kV shall be indoor type unless otherwise specified
in project SOW/TS.

Outdoor 110kV and above (switching) substations, if specified in project

SOW/TS, shall have dead-tank type circuit breakers and conventional CTs
and PTs.

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5.2 Public Safety

5.2.1 Substations shall be safe for people doing operation and maintenance and
living at its boundary.

5.2.2 The primary means of ensuring public safety at substations shall be by

erection of a suitable barrier such as a boundary wall or a metal fence per
TES-P-119.19.

Where power transformers are located very near the boundary limits,
concrete perimeter in front of the transformers shall be of removable precast
panels to provide easy access for installation and maintenance.

5.2.3 Additional means of protecting the public shall be taken through adequate
design of all facilities inside the fence/wall wherever required.

5.2.4 Appropriate warning signs shall be posted on the peripheral barrier of the
substation. Details of the warning sign shall be per TES-P-119.21.

5.2.5 Every substation shall have fire detection and protection system in
accordance with TES-P-119.21. Surface Treatment of Metals and Building
Exterior shall be such as to minimize as far as possible the risk of fire and the
resultant damage in the event of fire.

5.2.6 The design and erection of the substations shall be such that limits on noise
levels (including pure tone at 120Hz) measured in accordance with ISO
Recommendation R 1996, both with the new substation equipment in service
and out of service are not exceeded 65dB(A) during day time (06:00-
22:00hrs.) and 55 dB(A) during night time (22:00-06:00hrs.) above
background noise at substation boundary, unless otherwise specified in local
regulations (SASO 315). For estimation of far-field transformer sound levels,
IEEE C57.136 can be used.

5.2.7 The orientation of the transmission substation and location of the gates shall
be decided based on the location, available plot size and/or right of ways. The
preferred orientation of a transmission substation located in urban area shall
be such that a public road is available at the power transformer side.

5.3 Site Conditions

The complete substation shall be designed to meet the service conditions specified in
01-TMSS-01.

5.3.1 Soil Conditions

a. Surface conditions include salt flats (sabkhah), marl, eolian sand and
rock. Preferably substations shall not be located in areas of sabkhah.

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If can’t be avoided, necessary soil improvement shall be carried out as

approved by SEC.

b. Ground water table varies from near the surface in the coastal zone to
several meters below grade in the inland areas.

c. Soil investigation must be carried out for each substation site before
finalizing the design and engineering.

5.4 Electrostatic and Electromagnetic Field Effects

5.4.1 Considerations shall be given to prevent radio and television interference

caused by visible and audible corona at energized parts having small radii or
conductors having small diameters, particularly when conductive climatic
conditions prevail.

5.4.2 Induced electromagnetic disturbances at interfaces of the secondary system,

as a result of switching in the high voltage system, shall not exceed 1.6kV
common mode for normal EMC severity class, and 0.8kV common mode for
reduced EMC severity class.

5.4.3 Proper considerations shall be given to the size of connectors/conductors

connected to equipment such as voltage transformer and coupling capacitor
to reduce corona.

5.4.4 In all substations, equipment layout and design shall be for ultimate
development and arranged such that during maintenance in a de-energized
bay the electric field from adjacent energized bays at power frequency shall
not exceed 5kVrms/m and magnetic field shall not exceed 0.1mT at a height of
one (1) meter above ground. This value shall also apply to access roads,
walkways and working areas to reduce the likelihood of station personnel
receiving annoying shocks from grounded structures, e.g. switchgear support
structures, low voltage lamp stands, etc.

5.4.5 Directly under energized 110kV, 115kV, 132kV, 230kV and 380kV outdoor
conventional equipment the electric field at power frequency shall not exceed
10kVrms/m and magnetic field shall not exceed 0.5mT at a height of one (1)
meter above ground.

6.0 SYSTEM PARAMETERS

6.1 Frequency

The nominal frequency for SEC system is 60 Hz and the permissible operating
frequency range is between 59.9 Hz and 60.1 Hz. The transient frequency variations
shall be between 58.5 Hz and 61.5 Hz.

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6.2 System Nominal Voltage

The standard nominal system voltages adopted by SEC are listed in 01-TMSS-01.
The permissible operating voltage range is + 5% under normal operating conditions
and + 10% , for 30 minutes, under single contingency emergency operating
conditions.
6.3 Harmonics

6.3.1 Standard

The level of harmonics shall be controlled per IEEE 519 and shall not exceed
the values specified in the table below:

Table 02-1: Harmonics Levels

Total Harmonic Voltage Distortion 1.5 %
Individual Harmonic Voltage Distortion:

Odd Harmonics 1.0%

Even Harmonics 0.5%
Note:
1. Voltage distortion is expressed as a percentage of the nominal voltage.
2. Individual harmonic distortion refers to the distortion at an individual
harmonic frequency. Total harmonic distortion refers to root mean square
value of the distortion at all harmonic frequencies.
3. The individual values refer to maximum continuous levels.

6.3.2 Momentary

The total harmonic distortion in the transmission system shall not exceed a
value of 2%, averaged over a three second interval.

6.4 AC Auxiliary Voltages

The voltages listed in Table 02-2 are the standard nominal AC auxiliary voltages
adopted by SEC. For reinforced substations the auxiliary system voltage shall be as
per the existing system. The permissible operating voltage range is + 5% under
normal operating conditions and + 10% for 30minutes, under single contingency
emergency operating condition.

Table 02-2 : Standard AC Auxiliary Voltages

AC Auxiliary Voltages
L-L/L-N (Nominal)
(Vrms)
480/277 (New Substation)
400/230 or 380/220 (New Substation)
220/127 (New Substation)

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6.5 DC Auxiliary Voltages

The standard nominal DC auxiliary voltages adopted by SEC as well as the DC

system operating ranges are specified in Table 02-3.

Table 02-3: Standard DC Auxiliary Voltages

Nominal Voltage Operating Range

(Vdc) (Vdc)
For Control, annunciation
and protection (New 125 101.5 to 136.3
Substation)
For Control, annunciation 110 99 to 126.5
and protection (Reinforced
Substation, where
applicable)
For communication - 48 - 42 to - 56

6.6 Insulation Levels

The insulation levels for all HV, MV and LV (AC & DC) equipment shall not be less
than the values specified in 01-TMSS-01.

Basic lightning impulse insulation levels (BIL) are specified with respect to a
standard 1.2/50 µs wave shape and the basic switching impulse insulation level
(BSL) is specified for a 250/2500 µs impulse with tolerances specified by the
Industry Standards.

6.7 Creepage Distance:

The creepage distance of all indoor and outdoor bushings/insulators shall be per 01-
TMSS-01.

7.0 SYSTEM CONVENTIONS

7.1 Circuit Configuration

Three phase, three wire (3φ, 3W) circuit configuration shall be used throughout SEC
system for all voltage levels from 380kV down to 11kV. Three phase, four wire (3φ,
4W) circuit configuration shall be used for all AC auxiliary circuits.

7.2 System Grounding

Unless otherwise specified in project SOW/TS, the system neutral shall be solidly
grounded for all service voltages. Power transformer secondary neutral shall be
solidly grounded or effectively grounded based on the requirement specified in
SOW/TS.

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7.3 Phase Designations

The phases in all new substations shall be designated as R (Red), Y (Yellow) and B
(Blue) throughout the substation when viewed from East to West, from North to
South and from Top to Bottom. For reinforced substations the three phases shall be
designated as per the existing system. For MV switchgears phase conductors when
viewed from operating side, the phase designation shall be R, Y, B from left to right,
from front to back and from top to bottom. The phase designation for power
transformers shall be per IEC 60076, unless otherwise specified in respective
TMSS/Project Scope of Work and Technical Specifications.

7.4 Mimic Bus Color Code

Color of mimic bus for future transmission substations shall be as specified in Table
02-4:

Table 02-4: Color of mimic bus

Voltage Color
380 kV Equipment and RAL 2008 – Hellratorange
Connections
230 kV Equipment and RAL 6010 – Grass Green
Connections
132 kV Equipment and RAL 3003 - Rubinrot
Connections
110 or 115 kV RAL 3000 – Feuerrot
Equipment and
Connections
69 kV Equipment and RAL 1018 – Zinkgelb
Connections
33 or 34.5 kV RAL 8001 – Ockerbraun
Equipment and
Connections
11 or 13.8 kV RAL 5003 – Saphire Blue
Equipment and
Connections
Neutral/Ground Symbol RAL 9017 – Black
and Connections

The color of the mosaics base shall be same as that of the panel. The part of each
transformer symbol representing each winding shall be colored in accordance with
the voltage of the winding.

7.5 Equipment Designations

7.5.1 General

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a. Substation equipment shall have letter and number designations.

Letter designation shall come first followed by the number
designation.

b. Equipment numbering including relay and meter designations shall be

as indicated in the one-line relay and metering diagram of the
proposed substation, attached with the project SOW/TS.

c. When a substation is planned to be expanded in the future, the

expansion shall be indicated on the single line diagram with
numbering assigned to the future equipment per same existing
numbering system.

d. Relay and protection drawings shall also follow this numbering

system.

7.5.2 Letter designation for substation equipment shall be as specified in Table 02-5:

Table 02-5: Letter designation for substation equipment

A : •
All 69kV up to 380kV Circuit Breakers
•
34.5kV, 33kV, 13.8kV and 11kV Incomer and
Bus-tie Circuit Breakers only
B : 34.5kV, 33kV, 13.8kV and 11kV Outgoing and
Station Service Transformer Circuit Breakers
C : Capacitor/Capacitor Bank
CCVT* : Coupling Capacitor Voltage Transformer
CT* : Current Transformer
D : Disconnect Switch
F : Fuse
G : Generator
HF Harmonic Filter
J : Fused Disconnect
K : Grounding Switch
NGR : Nuetral Grounding Resistor
LA* Lightning Arrester
PT* : Potential Transformer
TBPT : Two Bushings Potential Transformer
R : Recloser
RMUf* Ring Main Unit: Fused Tee-off
RMUb* Ring Main Unit: Breaker Tee-off
S : Circuit Switcher
SVC* : Static VAR Compensator
T : Transformer
TCR* : Thyristor Controlled Reactor
CLR : Current Limiting/Series Reactor
VR* : Voltage Regulator
Z* : Shunt Reactor
* Three digit numbering is not applicable for this equipment.

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7.5.3 Number designation for substation equipment shall consist of three digits.
The first digit and one letter (as applicable) indicates the voltage level as
follows:

8 for 380kV
7 for 230kV
6X for 132kV
6 for 115kV
6Y for 110kV
5 for 69kV
4X for 33kV
4 for 34.5kV
3 for 13.8kV
3X for 11kV
2 for 4.16kV
1 for 2.4kV
0 for 600V and below

The subsequent digits indicate the equipment sequential number.

7.5.4 Each type of equipment (circuit breakers, disconnect switches, grounding

switches, etc.) shall be sequentially numbered independent from other types
of equipment. Except for dual-voltage substations (refer to clause 7.5.8,b ,
iii), numbering shall be from left to right and top to bottom based on the
substation single line diagram which shall consider the physical layout as far
as possible.

7.5.5 Bus designation shall include the voltage level and the bus number, e.g.
230kV BUS 1.

7.5.6 Bus sections shall have alphabetical designations in addition to the bus
number, e.g. 230 kV BUS 1A, 230 kV BUS 1B.

7.5.7 Transformers shall be numbered based on their highest voltage rating.

7.5.8 For system voltages of 69kV and above, the substation equipment numbering
for the different bus arrangements shall be as follows:

a. Single Bus Arrangement (Figure 02-1)

Bus equipment shall be numbered first, then the line/transformer

circuits equipment.

b. Double Bus and 1½ Breaker Arrangements (Figure 02-2 and Figure

02-4)

i. Bus equipment shall be numbered first, then the bay

equipment.

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ii. Within a bay, equipment between the two buses shall be

numbered first, then the line/transformer circuit equipment.
iii. For dual voltage substations, equipment numbering shall start
from the middle. Then, equipment on each voltage side shall
be numbered outwards independent of the other voltage side.
Transformer disconnect switches shall be numbered first, then
rule (ii) above shall be applied (Figure 02-8).

c. Ring Bus Arrangement (Figure 02-3)

The numbering shall start at transformer no. 1, followed by the
remaining transformer/line circuits. Then, the equipment in the ring
shall be numbered.

Numbering shall be in a counter-clock wise direction.

d. PI, Inverted PI and Extended Inverted PI Arrangements
The equipment numbering for these arrangements shall be as indicated
on the corresponding single line diagrams of Figure 02-5, Figure 02-6
and Figure 02-7, respectively.
8.0 STANDARD EQUIPMENT AND RATINGS
8.1 Power Transformer
Unless otherwise specified in project SOW/TS the standard power transformer
capacities (MVA) and vector group for future substation shall be one of the values
from Table 02-6.
Table 02-6: Standard Power Transformer Capacities measured at
Secondary Terminals and Vector Group

Substation Nominal Transformer Capacity(MVA) Vector Group

Voltage Rating
(kV/kV) ONAN/ONAF ONAN/ONAF1
/ONAF2
(OFAF*)
380/230 450/600 450/600/750 YNd, YNauto d
380/132 or 380/115 100/125, 210/280/350, YNyn, YNd, YNauto d
or 380/110 175/350 300/400/500
230/132 or 230/115 136/181, 136/181/227 YNd, YNauto d
200/250,
300/400
230/69 60/120, 90/180, 100/133/167, YNd, YNynd
100/133, 105/205/255,
135/180 150/200/250
230/34.5 60/80, 100/133 - YNd
132/33 or 132/34.5 30/40, 50/67, 30/40/50, YNyn, YNd, Dyn
80/100 50/66/83,
80/106/133
132/13.8 30/40, 50/67 30/40/50 YNyn, YNd, Dyn
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115/34.5 or 110/33 30/40, 50/67, - YNyn, Dyn

or 110/34.5 80/100
115/13.8 or 30/40, 50/67 30/40/50 YNyn, YNd, Dyn
110/13.8 or 110/11
69/13.8 20/25, 30/40 - Dyn
34.5/13.8 or 13/20, 30/40 - YNyn, Dyn
33/13.8
*OFAF cooling shall be used only when approved by SEC.
8.2 Circuit Breakers
8.2.1 The number of circuit breakers in 11kV, 13.8kV, 33kV or 34.5kV
switchgears shall be per Single Line Diagram attached with the SOW/TS.
8.2.2 RMU shall be used to feed the second Station Service Transformer
Substations as specified in the SOW/TS.
8.2.3 Unless otherwise specified in SOW/TS the continuous current ratings of
circuit breakers and bus bars in switchgears rated 11kV and above shall be
standardized at design ambient temperature of 40ºC with natural cooling as
specified in Table 02-7 below. For ambient temperatures higher than 40ºC,
appropriate derating factors shall be considered for continuous current ratings
of circuit breakers and bus bars in switchgears.
Table 02-7 :Continuous Current Ratings of circuit breakers and bus bars in
Switchgears Rated 11kV and Above

System Nominal Rated Continuous Current

Voltage (Arms)
(kVrms)
380 3150, 4000
230 2000, 2500, 3150, 4000
132 1600, 2000, 2500, 3150, 3500
115 or 110 1600, 2000, 2500, 3150, 3500
69 1250, 1600, 2000, 2500(indoor withdraw
able live tank), 3150, 3500 (GIS)
33 or 34.5 600, 1200, 2500
11 or 13.8 600, 1250, 2000, 2500, 3150, 3600

8.2.4 Unless otherwise specified in project SOW/TS, 3φ symmetrical interrupting

(short circuit) current ratings of the circuit breakers at different voltage levels
shall be one of the values from Table 02-8.

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Table 02-8: 3φ Symmetrical Interrupting (Short Circuit) Current

Ratings of the circuit breakers at different voltage levels

Circuit Breaker Nominal 3φ Symmetrical Interrupting

Voltage (kVrms) Current (kArms)
380 50 or 63

230 63

110 or 115 or 132 40

69 31.5 or 40
34.5 or 33 25
13.8 or 11 21
8.2.5 The rated short time (1s) withstand current of circuit breakers and the
switchgears at different voltage levels shall be the same as the 3φ
symmetrical interrupting current.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. British Electricity International, "Modern Power Station Practice", Third Edition,

Volume K:EHV Transmission, Pergamon Press, U.K., 1991.

2. Donald G. Fink and H. Wayne Beaty, "Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers",
Thirteenth Edition, Mc Graw-Hill, Inc., N.Y, 1993.

3. Electricity Utility Standards - Transmission, First Edition, 1408 (Amendments

1989).

4. Homer M. Rustebakke, General Electric Company, "Electric Utility Systems and

Practices", Fourth Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., USA, 1983.

5. M. Khalifa, "High Voltage Engineering, Theory and Practice", Marcel Dekker, Inc.,
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6. Saudi Aramco, "Meteorologic and Oceanographic Data Book", Dhahran, KSA.

7. SCECO-Central, " Bus Bar Arrangement of High Voltage Transmission Substations

of SCECO's and EC ", Riyadh, 1414.

8. IEEE 519: Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in

Electric Power Systems.

9. 01-TMSS-01:General Requirements for All Equipment/Materials.

10. SASO 315: Noise.

11. IEEE C57.136: Guide for Sound Level Abatement and Determination for Liquid-
Immersed Power Transformers and Shunt Reactors.

12. Electra # 179, CIGRE Joint Working Group 36.01/06: A Summary of Standards for
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