SECTION 9 : STEELWORK

9.1 STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

Steel shall comply with BS EN 10025 : 2004, and steel tubes for structural purpose shall
comply with BS EN 10296-1 : 2003 and be obtained from a manufacturer prior approved
by the Engineer. Steelwork shall, when perfectly dry and free from mill scale, be primed
with two coats of red lead primer before leaving the manufacturer's works and any
damage to this coating shall be made good before erection. All hexagonal bolts,
ragbolts, nuts and washers shall conform to BS EN ISO 4014 : 2001 with regards to
materials for steel bolts. Each bolt shall be provided with two washers and bolts shall be
long enough to show a full thread through the nut after fixing.

9.2 STEEL MANUFACTURER

The Contractor shall furnish to the Engineer the name of the steel manufacturer or sub-
contractor he proposes to employ for the supply of the steelwork together with all
relevant details regarding factory details, work methodology, fabrication etc.

9.3 STEEL ERECTING FOREMAN

The Contractor shall keep a competent steel erector foreman on the works during the
whole period of the steel erection. He shall be additional to the general foreman
employed on the work stipulated for in the contract.

9.4 PRIMER BEFORE ERECTION

All surfaces of steelwork of each member forming the roof trusses shall receive one coat
of metallic primer before assembly and all such surface shall be brought together while
the paint is still wet.

9.5 STRUCTURE ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION

The Contractor shall supply and assemble all the various members of the roof trusses
as required. The Contractor shall hoist and fix in position the roof trusses as indicated on
the Drawings. Trusses shall be fixed exactly level and plumb and in perfect alignment.
All angles, flats etc. in roof trusses shall be of the lengths, weights and sizes as
approved by the Engineer. Gusset plates, etc. shall be of the sizes shown and drilled for
bolts as indicated.
All bolts and bolt holes shall be of the diameter shown on the drawings. Threads to bolts
shall be cut full depth, both internally and externally. The Contractor shall supply and fix
all necessary washers etc. Bolts shall not be driven in a manner that will distort them or
damage the threads. Bolt heads must be flush with the structural metal. Members or
bolts that are, in the opinion of the Engineer, damaged in a manner causing a
reduction in their strength shall be replaced at the Contractor's expense.
Any error in shop work which prevents the proper assembly and fitting of parts by the
moderate use of drift pins shall be corrected at the Contractor's expense. Delays caused
by such errors shall not be considered a basis for extra payment.

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9.6 GALVANISED METALS

All metals to be galvanized shall be of the full dimension shown or specified and all
punching, cutting, drilling, screw tapping, welding and the removal of burrs shall be
completed before the galvanizing process commences.
All galvanizing shall be done by the hot dip process, in accordance to BS EN ISO 1461 :
2009, and not less than 98% of which shall be pure zinc. As per BS EN ISO 1461 :
2009, the minimum mean coating thickness for samples that are not centrifuged shall be
85 m (for steel articles of minimum 6mm thickness) and 70 m (for steel articles of
between 3mm and 6mm thickness).
Bolts, nuts and washers shall be completely galvanized including the threads but
galvanizing removed in the course of nut fixing may be replaced with an approved zinc
rich paint. The galvanizing shall be uniform, clean, smooth and as free from spangle as
possible. It shall weigh not less than 0.62 kg/m2 of area covered.

All galvanized metal parts shall be protected from damage due to electrolytic action,
white rust and abrasion during delivery, storage and erection. Minor damage shall be
repaired with an approved zinc-chromate or other approved metallic compound to ASTM
A780-01 ‘Standard Practice for Repair of damaged And Uncoated Areas of Hot-Dip
Galvanised Coatings’ or relevant Standards. However, if in the opinion of the Engineer,
the damage to the galvanizing is too severe or extensive the part shall be removed and
re-galvanized, or replaced .

9.7 DISSIMILAR METALS

The Contractor shall not use fixtures and fittings for metalwork (including pipework) in
which dissimilar metals likely to lead to galvanic actions are placed in permanent contact
with each other.

9.8 CHEQUER PLATING

For switch-house cable trench covers or relevant works, a 5mm thick hot-dip
galvanised steel chequer plate shall be used. Chequer plating shall be of mild steel
and shall have a non-slip pattern on its upper face. Chequer plates shall be securely
bolted with countersunk screw studs to frames set in the edges of and spanning the
ducts or openings. The sizes of the chequer plates shall be such that no discernable
deflection occurs under the weight of a man standing upon it.

Where it is not practicable to provide individual frames to each plate, the plates
shall be stiffened by welding steel angles on their underside to eliminate discernable
deflection. The rate of chequer plates shall be deemed to cover these frames. The
edges of all chequer plates shall be finished straight or to the outline of obstructions and
shall be free of burr marks or irregularities. Chequer plating, which has been cut with a
torch, shall afterwards be ground to present a straight edge.

Chequer plating shall, before delivery be thoroughly wire brushed and shall be painted
on its upper (exposed) surface with two coats of red lead primer and on its lower
(hidden) surface with two coats of bituminous paint.

All stiffening steel angles shall be galvanized.

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9.9 HANDRAILING

Handrailing shall be made from galvanized mild steel hollow sections and flats except
where otherwise specified. Expansion units shall be provided where the handrailing are
more than 15.24 m (50 ft.) long. After erection, galvanized handrailing shall be painted
to the Engineer’s instruction.

9.10 LADDERS AND STEP IRONS

Ladders shall be of mild steel (except where aluminum is specified and shall be obtained
from an approved manufacturer. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer detailed
drawings of a ladder for approval before placing any order.

Steel ladders shall be of welded construction and shall not have an unsupported length
of more than 3.05 metre (10 ft.). Intermediate support between the ends of the ladder
shall be by means of stays securely fixed to the nearest part of the structure.

Steel ladders, which will be exposed to the atmosphere, shall be galvanized before
leaving the manufacturer’s works. After erection the ladders shall be painted. Steel
ladders which will be immersed in water shall before delivery be thoroughly wire brushed
and shall be painted with two coats of red lead primer. After installation these ladders
shall be painted with one flat undercoat and two coats of epoxy paint as directed by the
Engineer.

Step irons shall be bent from 25 mm (1 in.) steel bar and shall be galvanized.

9.11 DRILLING HOLES

The Contractor shall allow for drilling in all steelwork after erection as may be required.

9.12 RAINWATER GOODS

The contractor is to provide and fix rainwater goods complete as specified including all
holderbats to walls, brackets, bends and shoes.

9.13 ADJUSTABLE LOUVRES

The contractor is to provide and fix, where shown, heavy gauge galvanized adjustable
metal louver frames of approved manufacturer, weather seal with non-ferrous bearings,
spring clips, locking device and weather stripping and all necessary spacing pieces. The
contractor is to screw timber frames on to plugs in walls as detailed and assembled to
form millions and install in accordance to manufacturer’s instructions. Approved
non-rusting screws and bolts shall be used throughout. These frames will be not be
painted and must be handled carefully to prevent damage to galvanizing.

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TENAGA NASIONAL BERHAD PART 2 : TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
SECTION 9 : STEELWORK
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