Surname: Given Name: M.I.

:
PANDAPATAN AMER HASNOR D.
Student Number 20-01332 Course/Year/Section BSCE-2B
CHAPTER 1: MORAL AND NON-MORAL
Subject: SOCSCI_212 ETHICS Chapter: STANDARDS
ASSESSMENT:

On a separate sheet of paper, answer the following questions directly:

[Grab your reader’s attention with a great quote from the document or use this space to emphasize a
key point. To place this text box anywhere on the page, just drag it.]
1. In the Venn Diagram below, mention the similarities and differences of Ethics and
Morality.

ETHICS MORALS
ethics refer to rules Ethics and Morals refer to an
provided by an morals relate individual's own
external source, e.g., to “right” and principles regarding
codes of conduct “wrong” right and wrong.
in workplaces or conduct.
principles in religions.

2. Describe the nature and purpose of morality.

 Humans are social creatures. Our survival has depended upon our ability to work
together and such, we learned to empathize and communicate with eachother to
permit cooperation. Some things classified as immoral are psychologically
abberent to a mentally healthy human being, other things are dangerious to
individual health, or the wellbeing of the general population.
3. In the T-Chart provided below, write the differences of moral and non-moral standards.

MORAL STANDARDS NON-MORAL STANDARDS

Moral standards relate to things that Non-moral standards relate to things that
affect the human condition one way or do not affect the human condition.
another.
Moral standards are the sum of combined Non-moral standards are matters of taste
norms and values. or preference.
a moral standard says “Do not harm a non-moral standard says “Don’t text
innocent people” or “Don’t steal” while driving” or “Don’t talk while the
mouth is full”
moral standards promote what is “the non-moral standards are standards of
good” like the welfare and well-being of etiquette by which we judge manners as
humans as well as animals and the good or bad.
environment.
Surname: Given Name: M.I.:
PANDAPATAN AMER HASNOR D.
Student Number 20-01332 Course/Year/Section BSCE-2B

Subject: SOCSCI_212 ETHICS Chapter: CHAPTER 6: CULTURAL RELATIVISM

Assessment Questions:

1. Darius, a king of ancient Persia, was intrigued by the variety of cultures he encountered in

his travels. He had found, for example, that the Callatians (a tribe of Indians) customarily
ate the bodies of their dead fathers. The Greeks, of course, did not do thatthe Greeks
practiced cremation and regarded the funeral pyre as the natural and fitting way to dispose
of the dead. Darius thought that a sophisticated understanding of the world must include an
appreciation of such differences between cultures. One day, to teach this lesson, he
summoned some Greeks who happened to be present at his court and asked them what
they would take to eat the bodies of their dead fathers. They were shocked, as Darius
knew they would be, and replied that no amount of money could persuade them to do such
a thing. Then Darius called in some Callatians, and while the Greeks listened asked them
what they would take to burn their dead fathers' bodies. The Callatians were horrified and
told Darius not even to mention such a dreadful thing.

Are the practices of the Greeks (cremation) and Callatians (eating the body of their dead father)
acceptable to you? Why?

 We all have different belief and tradition, maybe our culture differs from each other, just
like the practice of Greeks and Callatians when it came to a dead body. If the Greek
promote cremation and Callatians promote eating, is it acceptable to you? For me yes, it
is acceptable as long as you are not trampling on others. Just what I said before we
have differed in belief system if Greek and Callatians promote that way, Philippine also
do differ, because dead body in our country was buried and also promote cremation just
like Greek did specially in today’s time of pandemic. We need to respect everyone’s
culture to have a better communication, understanding and respect us as well.

2. Eskimos customs turned out to be very different from our own. The men often had more
than one wife, and they would share their wives with guests, lending them for the night as a
sign of hospitality. Moreover, within a community, a dominant male might demand and get
regular sexual access to other men's wives. The women, however, were free to break
these arrangements simply by leaving their husbands and taking up with new partnersfree,
that is, so long as their former husbands chose not to make trouble. All in all, the Eskimo
practice was a volatile scheme that bore little resemblance to what we call marriage.

Are the Eskimos immoral because of their sexual practice? State your argument, whether you
agree or not.
  Yes, I think, because their customs were violating the 6th commandments which state
that “You Shall not Commit Adultery” wherein humans are sexual beings whose sexual
identity should be acceptable in the unity of body and soul. It means that we only need
to love and build family in one wife and husband as well. This action is one example of
immoral because the action is violating the rule or code of ethics.

Part II. Essay. Make your argument on the statement below.

1. It is important to have a universal standard of morality, e.g. the Ten Commandments, where
all peoples have to abide.

 Yes, it is very essential to have a universal standard of morality in order to have peace
and unity. Specially the ten Commandments we need to abide it, not only for god will but
also for our own good choice. Having a universal standard of morality make a
nation/community raise and grow together in a nice and easy way. In this, we can also
create a good communication and organisation that can be a tool to make or build a
better nation.

Surname: Given Name: M.I.:

PANDAPATAN AMER HASNOR D.
Student Number 20-01332 Course/Year/Section BSCE-2B
CHAPTER 9: UNIVERSAL VALUES and
Subject: SOCSCI_212 ETHICS Chapter: HUMAN SURVIVAL
ASSESSMENT:

On a sheet of paper answer the following:

1. Show your understanding of universal values through a drawing or a collage.

2. Determine the process on how universal values can be uncovered.

 Universal values can be uncovered in many different way/processes such as;

 In a multicultural context, comprehend the concepts of values, ethics, and
morality.
 Understand how different methods such as scientific investigation, historical
research, or public debates and deliberation, can be used to uncover universal
values.
 Identify and discuss the concepts of moral relativism, as well as the threats it
poses to universal values.
 Examine the relationship between theory and practice in the formulation of
values in a critical manner.
 Recognize that values are derived from personal experiences, but that they
must be justified to others.
 Recognize the importance of deliberation and debate in the formation of such
values.
 Understand how to create an actionable document through such a process.

3. Why is universal value important? Explain.

 Universal values play a very vital role in our lives. Because universal values are
 helping us to grow our everyday as dignified person, it helps us also to develop our
skills talents and human dignity. Universal values also helping us to create better
future. In short it represents how you show up in your life and your individual demand.

Surname: Given Name: M.I.:

PANDAPATAN AMER HASNOR D.
Student Number 20-01332 Course/Year/Section BSCE-2B
CHAPTER 10: DEVELOPMENT AND
Subject: SOCSCI_212 ETHICS Chapter: STAGES OF MORAL CHARACTER
ASSESSMENT:

On a sheet of paper, write the letter of the correct answer.

B 1. How many main stages of moral development are there?

a. 1 b. 3
c. 5 d. 7
A 2. How many levels of moral development are there in each stage?
a. 2 b. 4
c. 6 d. 8
B 3. Does everyone achieve the last stage of moral development?
a. YES b. NO
A 4. On this stage, children are good so that they can be seen as good to other people.
a. Pre conventional/Premoral b. Conventional
c. Post Conventional d. None of the above
A 5. If a child is good because they do not want to avoid punishment, which stage are the
students in?
a. Pre conventional/Premoral b. Conventional
c. Post Conventional d. None of the above
B 6. On this stage, individual judgment is based on individual rights and justice for the greater
good.
a. Pre conventional/Premoral b. Conventional
c. Post Conventional d. None of the above
B 7. On this stage, the child is aware of wider rules of society. At this point, a student is good
because of what society says.
a. Pre conventional/Premoral b. Conventional
c. Post Conventional d. None of the above
C 8. A child at this stage begins to understand that different individuals have different
viewpoints. In other words, they may understand that what “dad” thinks is right and may be
different from what his/her teacher thinks is right.
a. Pre conventional/Premoral b. Conventional
c. Post Conventional d. None of the above
C 9. People at this stage develop their own set of moral guidelines that may or not fit into the
law. Things like human rights, justice, and equality are most important even if they have to go
against society and have to face consequences.
a. Pre conventional/Premoral b. Conventional
c. Post Conventional d. None of the above
B 10. According to Kohlberg, most people will reach the highest stage of moral development.
a. TRUE b. FALSE
Surname: Given Name: M.I.:
PANDAPATAN AMER HASNOR D.
Student Number 20-01332 Course/Year/Section BSCE-2B
CHAPTER 12: REASON AND
Subject: SOCSCI_212 ETHICS Chapter: IMPARTIALITY AS REQUIREMENTS FOR
ETHICS
ASSESSMENT:
1. Duterte: 4Ps beneficiaries, soldiers to get COVID-19 vaccine priority (headline of
Philippine Star, October 14, 2020). Comment if this decision of the president is fair,
equitable or unprejudiced. Cite any of the Principles Impartiality discussed in the
lesson.

 In this covid-19 vaccine the frontliners are the top priority. Because they face and
encounter lot of different people, especially the nurses, doctors, soldiers, police or
even those people who work at office. But in the headline of the Philippine star,
President Duterte said that 4ps beneficiaries, soldiers to get covid-19 vaccine priority,
and the decision of president for me was equitable. it is because this covid-19 virus is
indiscriminate, almost all people can acquire this various. It is equitable because it
was dealing fairly and equally with everyone.

2. Cite an experience in life that would demonstrate the following concepts below and
include the lessons you have learned out of those experience:
2.1 Fair- Christmas is coming lot of children will sing caroling and ask a gift from their
neighbors, aunt, uncle etc. In this situation it shows fairness. There are three
children that are singing caroling, one of the children is a nephew of the owner of
the house. Then after they sing the owner of the house give them 20 pesos each.
Lesson: everyone should receive equally. Even in a small amount, don’t base on
their performance or the way you know them be fair.

2.2 Equitable – There is a show in the plaza but the fence is high, in order to see you
and your friends get a chair to stand on. But you are the shortest in height and the
chair has an equal high, even if you’re the shortest you don’t increase the amount
of your chair to be equal.
Lesson: characteristics, attitude, appearance is not an excuse, treating everyone
exactly the same are highly favored.

2.3 Unprejudiced- in your family your eldest child is just an adopted. You are
planning to buy new bag for your youngest child. But you see that the bag of your
eldest child is already broken. So even if you can only buy one bag because you
don’t have any money, you made a way to buy them both.
Lesson: you don’t need to have favoritism, you need to treat them equally even if
he/she is not your real child.

2.4 Unbiased- the Philippines always encounter a phenomenon like typhoon. After the
typhoon almost all houses were affected/damage. Also, lot of relief and help come
from different people. But we all know that not only the poor get affected but also
the rich people. So, whether rich or poor it is necessary to give everything and no
one chooses because we have all the same experience.
Lesson: the state of life is not a standard, we must be treat people equal and
impartial.
3. What is your stand on the moral dilemmas of impartiality?

 We learn in the previous lesson that moral dilemmas are those situations where there
is a conflict between two moral principles to which you feel committed that no matter
what you choose something bad will eventually happened. When it is linked to the
concept of impartiality the outcome of the decisions should be closely linked to
immorality. Your decisions should be closely based on the teachings of ethics and
morality and at the same time applying the concept of impartiality. You need to look at
the situations closely and decide equally with morality. You should weigh your
thoughts. The concept of impartiality is teaching us to decide without being driven by
our personal prejudices or voices. And with this, we can come up to a better solution
with our moral dilemmas.

4. What is the importance of impartiality and objectivity?

 Objectivity is sticking to the facts, being guided by the evidence and considering an
event will be closer to the truth, the more supporting has. Meanwhile, impartiality is not
making sides, to give up making value judgments and treat as equivalent different
versions of an event, believing the truth is in the middle. Both of them are important for
us especially in situations wherein we need to investigate and decide. Objectivity and
impartiality are an important tools in decision making.
Surname: Given Name: M.I.:
PANDAPATAN AMER HASNOR D.
Student Number 20-01332 Course/Year/Section BSCE-2B
CHAPTER 16: MORAL THEORIES AND
Subject: SOCSCI_212 ETHICS Chapter: MENTAL FRAMES: Why they are
important
Assessment Questions:

1. Analyze the given situation: A student of Mr. Jarvis’ class was absent for a week
without notice. On the following week, the student reported to class with bruises.
 Based on this, explain the possibility of what happened to the child using your
mental frames as basis. From the situation given, based on the mental frames as a
person we have different insight from seeing the situation from that it is either Mr.
Jarvis student may have excuses for being absent by word, as we simply
understand the situation.
2. Classify the following situations by using the different mental frames:
a) System Thinking
b) Mental Model
c) Mental Model
d) System Thinking
e) System Thinking

3. Submit a Reflection Paper. What is the bigger context in which I make my individual
decisions?
 Decisions concerning what is right and evil are so pervasive in daily life that an
individual has the ability to make his or her own choices. From birth to death, all
levels of life are responsible for making judgments by identifying what is right and
wrong in their own context. It gives an overview of ethical reasoning, free choice,
liberty, and even the moral correct framework in decision-making. Every day, we
make several decisions about what to wear and who we want to be, and we
occasionally make major life decisions about how we develop and mature enough to
be ourselves, because the choices we make today may have an impact on who we
become in the future.
Surname: Given Name: M.I.:
PANDAPATAN AMER HASNOR D.
Student Number 20-01332 Course/Year/Section BSSCE-2B
Subject: SOCSCI_212 ETHICS Chapter: CHAPTER 19 : UTILITARIANISM

Assessment Questions:

1. Make an outline of the different meaning of utilitarianism in the different philosophical

perspectives.
 In any ethical theory, morals are separated into good and bad. In utilitarianism, good is
defined as the existence of pleasure and the absence of pain. This is called utility. An
action that maximizes utility is one that maximizes total benefits while reducing
negative consequences for the largest number of people. To paraphrase, something is
good if it does better than harm for a lot of people. In utilitarianism, this is called the
greatest happiness principle, which states that a moral action is one that increases the
total utility in the world. In other words, if an action is moral, it increases the amount of
happiness in the world. This allows actions to be ranked by morality. If an action
makes one person happy, it is moral. However, if another action would make many
people happy, it is more moral.

2. Make a T-Square Table and write the differences of quantitative and qualitative
principle of utilitarianism.
QUALITATIVE PRINCIPLE OF QUANTITATIVE PRINCIPLE OF
UTILITARIANISM UTILITARIANISM
Qualitative utilitarian argue that mental Quantitative utilitarianism is concerned
pleasures and pains are different in kind with aggregate utility maximization (i.e.,
and superior in quality to purely physical maximizing the overall happiness of
ones. Qualitative utilitarian must everyone) and uses a hedonic calculus
consider to determine the rightness or wrongness
both quality and quantity. Quantitative of actions.
utilitarian argue that mental pleasures
and pains differ from physical ones only
in terms of quantity.

3. By applying the utility principle, give your opinion about the constitutionality or legal
infirmity, if there is any, of the Anti-Terror law. Explain and defend your view.
 An anti-terrorism law that grants sweeping powers to president Rodrigo Duterte’s
government is facing mounting legal challenges, as rights groups warn the legislation
signals a new, dark chapter for the Philippines. The principle of utility states that
actions or behaviors are right in so far as they promote happiness or pleasure, wrong
as they tend to produce unhappiness or pain. In a legal sense, the term infirmity is
used to mean any imperfection that renders a particular transaction void or
incomplete. For example, if a deed drawn up to transfer ownership of land contains an
erroneous description of it, an infirmity exists in the transaction.
Surname: Given Name: M.I.:
PANDAPATAN AMER HASNOR D.
Student Number 20-01332 Course/Year/Section BSCE-2B
Subject: SOCSCI_212 ETHICS Chapter: CHAPTER 20: JUSTICE AND FAIRNESS

Assessment Questions:

1. When do we say that there is fairness in justice? Explain and cite examples. Is justice
and fairness the same?
 When people differ over what they believe should be given, or when decisions have to
be made about how benefits and burdens should be distributed among a group of
people, questions of justice or fairness inevitably arise. In fact, most ethicists today hold
the view that there would be no point of talking about justice or fairness if it were not for
the conflicts of interest that are created when goods and services are scarce and people
differ over who should get what. For example, When such conflicts arise in our society,
we need principles of justice that we can all accept as reasonable and fair standards for
determining what people deserve.
Fairness is related to justice, but is not the same as it, for while justice is a moral
concept and an ethical/normative obligation (i.e. one always ought to be just), fairness is
a technical concept and an ethical consideration (i.e. sometimes it is right not to be fair,
but one should take account of that unfairness in working what is right).

2. Does being fair mean you always treat people equally? Explain your answer.
 Treating people equally and fairly are (sometimes) entirely different things. I believe in
fair treatment. Fairness sometimes means making concessions for someone who is
under an unfair disadvantage. For example, if you hire someone who is in a wheel chair,
giving him the more accessible office or cubicle is fair, but not equal. It is fair that a
person who does his job better will get a better raise. It’s fair that student, due to an
uneven playing field, all things being equal, will be more likely to receive financial aid.
Fairness, very often is about making up for the fact that there are inequities inherent in
some competitive situations, so for you may want to make concessions to help level the
playing field. That’s the basic difference.

3. Here are some examples of being fair and just and of not being fair and just. Draw a
table and align your answers appropriately to which the following examples belong.

FAIR NO BEING FAIR

playing by the rules widespread economic and social inequality

allowing everyone an equal opportunity to oppression of cultural and religious groups

succeed throughout the world

sharing and listening to others being open-minded

include considering all the facts in a situation violence against women

before making a decision.

taking turns the infanticide of baby girls in India and China

Surname: Given Name: M.I.:

 PANDAPATAN AMER HASNOR D.
Student Number 20-01332 Course/Year/Section BSCE-2B
Subject: SOCSCI_212 ETHICS Chapter: CHAPTER 21: GLOBALIZATION AND ITS
ETHICAL CHALLENGES
Assessment Questions:

1. How is our world connected with other countries? Cite an example on how people and
nation can be interconnected in a good way. Cite another example in which the result
is disadvantageous to some.
  Thru globalizations, globalization results in the expansion of international cultural,
economic, and political activities. As people, ideas, knowledge, and goods move
more easily around the globe, the experiences of people around the world become
more similar. Globalization comes many benefits such as new opportunities in
emerging markets and increased access to international trade.

Ethics is plays a vital role in globalization, using ethics people and nation can be
interconnected in a good way. What is the importance of ethics in globalization? In
light of globalization ethics human evolution in particular provides a change of
economic criteria progress through quality of life, preservation of the environment,
the development of the moral world of man, including that we can not think beyond
the social, political and cultural implications. ethical perspectives on moral decision-
making tend to focus on safeguarding the best interests of global communities, in
which ethical conducts are integrated to attain both national and global goals. But this
doesn’t mean that win ethics everything still be fine because Inequity and poverty
among the poor are exacerbated by globalization.

2. Since globalization cannot be prevented, what will Third World countries like the
Philippines do to cushion its negative impact economically and culturally?
 In third-world countries, globalization is a contentious issue. Globalization is a
necessary evil for third-world countries, who cannot reject it or fully integrate it into
their national policies. With greater trade, technology, information, and investment,
globalization has brought people and countries closer together and enhanced their
mutual interdependence, fueling economic success and generating immense
prospects for human progress. However, due of a lack of common ideals, shared
advantages, and shared concerns for those who are excluded and left behind, such
progress as expanded opportunities and interdependence has been uneven, unequal,
and uncontrolled.
Firstly, the balance between political goals and economic action has to be
renegotiated at the transnational level. Accordingly, legislation must be enacted to set
the limits to market events. Secondly, global actors such as IMF, World Bank, OECD
and G-7 should form new economic coordination. For this purpose, an agency must
be set up to coordinate economic activities at various regional and global levels.
Similarly, the IMF and the World Bank should totally change their policies and global
conducive credit conditions for development must be created. Finally, the
 democratization of decision-making in transnational institutions and the reform of the
World Security Council are important steps.

3. Answer briefly: As an individual aspiring success, how are you going to apply the
solutions to the different ethical challenges in globalization.

GOOD POINTS BAD POINTS

Transfer of Technology Growing Inequality

Better Services Increasing of the Unemployment rate
Standardization of Living Trade Imbalance
Development of Infrastructure Environmental Loots
Foreign Exchange Reserves
Economic Growth
Affordable Products
Contribution to World GDP Growth
Rate
Extensions of Market
Surname: Given Name: M.I.:
PANDAPATAN PANDAPATAN D.
Student Number 20-01332 Course/Year/Section BSCE-2B
Subject: CHAPTER 22: MILLENNIALS &
SOCSCI_212 ETHICS Chapter: FILINNIALS: ETHICAL CHALLENGES
& RESPONSES
Assessment Questions:

1. From the lesson discussion you have read, you are going to discuss some ethical
outlooks and cultural identities of the Millennials and Filinnials. Discuss some feature of
their work ethics.
 Millennials may exercise questionable judgement while on the job, which can lead to
ethical lapses in certain areas. The pervasiveness of the Internet, which enables files,
data, and proprietary information to easily be shared with others outside the organization,
has created a mindset that everything is “common property” even if sharing the
information could damage the employer. Time theft is another issue with the Millennial
generation, as many employees spend much of their day using their personal devices for
non-work-related activities. Too often, the desire to be “tuned-in” trumps doing actual
work.
Millennials have been dubbed the “Boomerang Generation” or the “Peter Pan
Generation.” Because of their perceived tendency to delay some rites of passage into
adulthood for longer periods than most generations before them and to live with their
parents for longer periods than previous generations. . A term applied in Western culture
to young adults graduating from high school and college in the 21st century. They are so
named because a percentage of them choose to share a home with their parents after
previously living on their own, thus boomeranging back to their parent’s residence. This
arrangement can take many forms, ranging from situations that mirror the high
dependency of pre-adulthood to highly independent, separate-household arrangements.
The term can be used to indicate only those members of this age-set that do return
home, not the whole generation. As much as home-leaving practices differ by economic
class, the term is most meaningfully applied to members of the middle class.

2. As a Filinnial/Millennial, how will you respond to the challenges of globalization and the
difference of mindset caused by differing generational relations to technology and social
media?
 Globalization has shaped millennials, causing society to become more interconnected
and interdependent in terms of economic integration, communication interchange,
cultural diffusion, and travel. Millennials, mostly through social media, take use of
intricate social networks that span the globe. How does GLOBALIZATION differ in this
context, given the many technological and social media mindsets? It is clear that as our
technology evolves, specific advances and how its methods effect globalization will
become increasingly apparent, such as the following:

 TECHNOLOGY- Technology, particularly as a communication tool, is an intimate

part of everyday life for Millennials. They have grown up in a world with
unprecedented and instant access to data, in their pocket and at their fingertips. It
 is second nature for a Millennial to leverage the use of technology and large data
sets to inform a majority of decisions.
 SOCIAL MEDIAS- Millennials leverage complex social networks that span the
globe, largely through social media. They use these mediums not just for
communication, but to share ideas and identify trends across a broad range of
stakeholders.

3. Make a table and write the different qualities of the baby boomers, millenials and fillinials.

They are driven and competitive. Because of the increase in

population, boomers faced more competition for jobs when they
entered working age. They value transparency in their work. They've
had to adjust to technological advancements. Unlike the generations
after them, the baby boomers were not born into a technological
BABY BOOMERS world.

Gen Xers are self-sufficient and well-educated. They place a premium

on independence. Gen Xers, who were frequently the children of two
working parents, grew up to be self-sufficient and learnt to solve
problems on their own. Because they grew up with it, Gen Xers are
quite comfortable with technology such as computers and
GEN X cellphones..

Millennials prefer work that allows them to use their creativity,

leverage their talent, and have a positive impact on others. They are
motivated by meaningful work.Millennials had been with the internet
since on there infancy which made them an artificial intelligence grow
from their early stages. This exposure has led to a generation with an
MILLENNIALS / GEN Y intuitive knowledge of technology.