1) A furnace burns natural gas with a volumetric analysis as follows: Methane ( CH 4 )=85%,

m3
Ethane ( c 2 H 6 ¿ =12%, Propane ( c 3 H 8 )=3%. The gas flow rate is 0.50 and 25%
s
excess air is required for complete combustion. Combustion air is supplied to the furnace at 25°C
and 1 atm pressure. Find the molal air-fuel ratio and the colume flow rate of the flue gas in
m3
.
s

Given: CH4=85%, C2H6=12%, C3H8=3%,

A
Find: ,v
F a fg
Sol'n:

0.85 C H 4 + 0.12 C2 H 6 + 0.03 C3 H 8 + [x O2+ 3.76 N 2 ]

y CO 2 + z H 2 O+ 3.76 xN 2

C :0.85+0.12 ( 2 ) +0.03 ( 3 )= y ; y =1.18

H : 0.85 ( 4 )+ 0.12 ( 6 )+ 0.03 ( 8 )=z ( 2 ) ; z=2.18

O: x ( 2 )=2 y + z ; x=2.27

0.85 C H4 + 0.12 C2 H 6 + 0.03 C3 H 8 + 1.25[2.27 O2+ 8.5352 N 2 ]

8.5352 N
1.25 (¿¿ 2)+0.5675 O 2
1.18 CO2 +2.18 H 2 O+¿

@by O2 balance

O2 = 1.25 (2.27)(2)+ 2(1.18)+2.18+2(0.5675)

a)

A n air 1.25 ( 2.27 )+ 2.25(8.5352) Kmo l−air

= = =13.57
F a nfuel 0.85+ 0.12+ 0.03 Kmol−fuel

b)

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 v i ni
=
v r nr

v fuel nfuel
=
v fg n fg

0.5 0.85+0.12+0.03 m3
= =7.298
v fg 1.18+2.18+ 1.28 ( 8.5352 )+ 0.5675 s

2) A certain natural gas has the following volumetric analysis : 72% methane, 9% hydrogen, 14%
nitrogen, 2% oxygen, and 3% carbon dioxie. This gas is now burned with the stoichiometric
amount of air that enters the combination chamber at 20°C, 1 atm, and 80% relative humidity.
Assuming complete combustion and a total pressure of 1 atm, determine the dew-point
temperature of the product.

Given: CH 4=0.72 ; H 2=0.09 ; N 2=0.14 ; O 2=0.02 ; CO2=0.03

Find: Dew point tempt.
Sol'n:

Theoretical Combustion

0.72CH 4 + 0.09 H 2+0.14 N 2+ 0.02O2 +0.03 CO2 + [ x O2+3.76 x N 2 ]+ H 2 O y CO 2+ z H 2 O+ a N 2

C: 0.72 + 0.03=y ; y=0.75

H: 4(0.72) + 2(0.09)=2z ; z=1.53
O: 2(0.02) + 2(0.03) +2x = 2y +z ; x=1.465
N: 2(0.14) + 2x(3.76) = 2a ; a=5.648

Actual Combustion

0.72CH 4 + 0.09 H 2+0.14 N 2+ 0.02O2 +0.03 CO2 + [ 1.465 O2 +5.5084 N 2 ] + 0.131 H 2 O 0.75CO 2+ 1.53 H 2 O+5.648

pv
RH =
p sat @ 20 C

ρv
0.8= ; ρ =1.871 KPa
2.339 KPa v

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 po ni p v nv 1.871kPa nv
= ; = ; = ; n =0.131mole
pT nT pT nT 101.325 Kpa 1.405+5.508 v

Flue gas = CO2 + N 2 + H 2 O

pi n o pH O n H O pH O 1.661
= ; = ; 2 2
= 2

pT nT pT nT 101.325 Kpa 0.75+5.618+1.661

pH O =20.884 KPa
2

Tdp=TSAT@ pH O =20.884 KPa

2

= 60.06 deg C

3) Given the volumetric analysis of fuel. Calculate the air-fuel ratio by weigh

CO2 = 3.5%
N2 =1.4%
CH 4 = 73.6%
C2 H 2 =21.5%

Assumption theoretical air = 85%

Find: Air-fuel ratio

Sol'n:

Theoretical

0.035 CO2 +0.014 N 2 +0.736 CH 4 +0.215 C 2 H 2 + [ x O2 +3.76 x O 2 ] y CO 2 + z H 2 O+a N 2

C: 0.0.35 + 0.0736 + 2(0.215)=y ; y=1.201

H: 4(0.736) + 2(0.215)=2z ; z=1.687
O: 2(0.035) +2x = 2y +z ; x=2.166
N: 2(0.014) + 2x(3.76) = 2a ; a=8.1582

Actual

0.035 CO2 +0.014 N 2 +0.736 CH 4 +0.215 C 2 H 2 +0.85 [ 2.166 O2+ 8.144 O2 ] 0.8652 CO 2+1.687 H 2 O+ 0.85 ( 8.1582

C: 0.0.35 + 0.0736 + 2(0.215)=b+d ; b+d =1.201

O: 2(0.035) +2(0.85)(2.166) = 2b +1.687d ; 2b+d=2.0652

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 -b+d=1.201

2b+d=2.0652

-b=-0.8652

b= 0.8652
d=0.3348

A 0.85 ( 2.166 ) ( 32 ) +0.85 ( 8.144 )( 28 )

=
F 0035 ( 44 ) +0.014 (28 )+ 0.736 ( 16 ) +0.215 ( 26 )

A kg
=13.097 air
F kg fuel

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