IEC 61400 JUSTIFICATION

E30/70 PRO
INDEX1.- SCOPE 32.- REFERENCES

1.- SCOPE
This part of IEC 61400 deals w ith saf ety philosophy, quality assurance, and engineering in
and specif ies requirements for the saf ety of Small Wind Turbines (SWTs) including design, inst
allation, maintenance and operation under specif ied external conditions. It s purpose is to provide
appropriate level of protection against damage from hazards from these syst ems during their planned lif
This part of IEC 61400 is concerned w ith all subsyst ems of SWT such as protection mechanism
internal electrical syst ems, mechanical syst ems, support st ructures, foundations and the electric
interconnection w ith the load.
While this part of IEC 61400 is similar to IEC 61400 -1, it does simplif y and make signif icant ch
in order to be applicable to small turbines.
This part of IEC 61400 applies to w ind turbines w ith a rotor sw ept area smaller than 200 m 2 gen
at a voltage below 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c. .
This part of IEC 61400 should be used together w ith the appropriate IEC and ISO st andards.
 2.- REFERENCES
Basis reference
“ IEC 61400-2 Design requirements for small w ind turbines”

3.- WIND TURBINE DESCRIPTION

The EPRO70 w ind turbine is a w ind turbine of 3,5 kW in nominal pow er, w ith a permanent ma
generator and a passive variable pitch syst em to control the pow er output and it can w ork as in iso
inst allations as in grid connected. In the next
point some of the most important characterist ics are specif ied.

3.1.-DATA SHEET
GENERAL
Configuration

Pow er [W]
Rated speed [m/s]
Diameter [m]
Sw ept area [m2]
Annual energy yield [kWh] at 5ms
Max. pow er [W]
IEC Turbine Class
Wind class
Start rotation w ind speed [m/s]
Cut-in w ind speed [m/s]
Cut-out w ind speed [m/s]
Noise [dB]
Nacelle w eight [kg]
Operating temp. range [ºC]
Nominal rotation speed [rpm]
Passive pitch start [rpm]
Design lifetime [years]
Supported speed [m/s]
GENERATOR
Type
Generator
BLADES
Material
CONVERTER
Nominal efficiency [%]
Point tracking
OTHER INFO
Applications
Brake
Controller
 Noise
Anti-corrosive protection
TOWER
Configuration
Table 1 – Data sheet
61400 JUSTIFICATION
E30/70 PRO
 32.- REFERENCES

deals w ith saf ety philosophy, quality assurance, and engineering integrity
s for the saf ety of Small Wind Turbines (SWTs) including design, inst
operation under specif ied external conditions. It s purpose is to provide the
on against damage from hazards from these syst ems during their planned lifetime.
concerned w ith all subsyst ems of SWT such as protection mechanisms,
s, mechanical syst ems, support st ructures, foundations and the electrical
d.
00 is similar to IEC 61400 -1, it does simplif y and make signif icant changes
mall turbines.
plies to w ind turbines w ith a rotor sw ept area smaller than 200 m 2 generating
V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c. .
ould be used together w ith the appropriate IEC and ISO st andards.
rements for small w ind turbines”

DESCRIPTION
is a w ind turbine of 3,5 kW in nominal pow er, w ith a permanent magnet
iable pitch syst em to control the pow er output and it can w ork as in isolat ed
nnected. In the next
portant characterist ics are specif ied.

3 blades, horizontal axis, clockw ise, upw ind, passive yaw ,

variable pitch
5000
11
4.25
14.2
6000
5500
Class IV
IEC / NVN I -A
1.8
2.8
n/a
44
185
-25/50
225
260
25
> 60

Direct drive permanent magnet synchronous

250 rpm | 24 poles | neodymium magnets

Fiberglass epoxy resins and polyurethane core

95
MPPT algorithm

Isolat ed connection batteries, electric grid connection

Electrical
Optional grid connection and battery charging
 1% more than the environmental noise of the w ind.
Cataphoresis, epoxy painting

12, 15 y 18m, folding, cable-stayed or lattice.

Table 1 – Data sheet
 3.2.-PMG DATA SHEET
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATION
Rated output pow er [W]
Rated rotation speed [rpm]
Rectified DC current at rated output [A]
Number of poles
Required torque at rated pow er [Nm]
Phase resistance [Ohm]
Output w ire square section [mm2]
Output w ire length [mm]
Insulat ion
Generator configuration
Design lifetime
MECHANICAL SPECIFICATION
Weight [kg]
Starting torque [Nm]
Rotor inertia [kg m2]
Front bearing
Rear bearing
MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
Shaft material
Outer frame material
Fasteners
Windings temperature rating [ºC]
Magnets material
Magnets temperature rating [ºC]
Magnets temperature until demagnetization [ºC]
Lamination stack
PMG PERFORMANCE Table 2 – PMG Data sheet

The permanent magnet generator performance curves are next:

The open circuit voltage show s a linear behavior:
Figure 1 – PMG open circuit voltage
The output pow er is approximated by a st raight line:
Figure 2 – PMG output pow er
The input torque needed for the continuous movement at the revolutions show n
below :
Figure 3 – PMG input torque
Figure 4 – PMG Schematic design
4.- SIMPLE LOAD MODEL
It has been performed a SLM (Simple Load Model) analysis according to the IEC 61400-2.
This is usef ul to get the real forces that appear in the w ind turbine.
For certain turbine configurations, the loads can be derived using simple, conservat ive equations for
limited set of load cases. If the turbine configuration does not meet those configuration requireme
the simple equations cannot be used, inst ead the alternative aero elast ic modelling or load measure
shall be used.
In Table 3 there are w rit ten all the necessary data to initialize the equations. All the parameters
about the geometry of the w ind turbine and the operational behavior.
The Drag, Lift and Thrust coefficients are obtained according to the IEC 61400 -2.
Along the overall process the equations used have been gotten from the IEC 61400 -2 and each one
named before its use.
 3500
250
ND
30
164
1
2.5
700
F
Horizontal
15

100
<1
0.2
SKF 6309-2rsr
SKF 6207-2rsr

F1252
Aluminum alloy
Inox
130
Nd
100
150
Non oriented magnetic steal
Table 2 – PMG Data sheet

ormance curves are next:

behavior:
Figure 1 – PMG open circuit voltage
st raight line:
Figure 2 – PMG output pow er
tinuous movement at the revolutions show n

Figure 3 – PMG input torque

Figure 4 – PMG Schematic design
ple Load Model) analysis according to the IEC 61400-2.
appear in the w ind turbine.
oads can be derived using simple, conservat ive equations for a
ne configuration does not meet those configuration requirement s,
, inst ead the alternative aero elast ic modelling or load measurement s

necessary data to initialize the equations. All the parameters are

and the operational behavior.
re obtained according to the IEC 61400 -2.
s used have been gotten from the IEC 61400 -2 and each one is
 Table 1 Input data in the SLM method
INPUT DATA IN THE SLM METHOD
Description Input value Units
Air density 1.225 kg/m3
Gravitational acceleration 9.81 m/s2
Reference w ind speed 30.0 m/s
Average w ind speed 6.0 m/s
Number of blades 3 n/a
Blade t ip radius 2.135 m
Total planform area of the blade 0.349 m2

Drag coefficient of the blades 1.5 n/a

Max lif t coefficient of the blades 2.0 n/a
Thrust coefficient 0.5 n/a
Maximum rotor speed 400 rpm
Design rotor speed 250 rpm
Second moment of inertia for each blade 0.123 kg m2
Single blade mass 4.95 kg
Rotor mass (All blades plus hub) 59.34 kg
Dist ance from blade centre of gravity to rotor axis 0.86 m
Dist ance betw een rotor centre and the f irst bearing 0.28 m
Dist ance betw een the rotor centre and the yaw axis 0.26 m
Gearbox ratio 1.0 n/a
Brake torque 0 Nm
Design pow er 3.5 kW
Short circuit torque factor 2.0 n/a
Table 3 – Input data in the SLM method
The next parameters are intermediate data needed for the calculations of the loads in the SLM meth
All of this parameters give us much information about the behavior of the w ind turbine like the maxi
ind speeds that are taking like a point of design
for survival, not for operation.
 Symbol
ρ
g
V_ref
V_ave
B
R
A_proj,B
C_d
C_l,max
C_T
n_max
n_design
I_B
m_B
m_r
R_cog
L_rb
L_rt
Gear
M_brake
P_design
G

oads in the SLM method.

d turbine like the maximum w
PARAMETERS CALCULATED FROM THE INPUT DATA
Description Equation Value Units
Design w ind speed IEC F 8.4 m/s
50 year extreme w ind speed IEC 10 42.0 m/s
50 year extreme t ip speed ratio IEC F.2 2.13 n/a
Design t ip speed ratio IEC F.2 6.65 n/a
Drive train efficiency - 0.62 n/a
Design torque - 216.5 Nm
Projected area (turbine sw ept area) - 14.32 m2
Design rotational speed of the rotor - 26.18 rad/s
Maximum possible rotor speed - 41.89 rad/s
Max yaw rate - 2.88 rad/s
Eccentricity of the rotor centre of mass - 0.0107 m
Effective brake torque - 0.0 Nm
Table 4 – Intermediate parameters calculates from the input data
Figure 5 – Coordinate system
For the calculations it must be taken into account that there are different loads hypothesis. Th
61400 -2 consider eight different load cases.
Load case A: Normal operation.
The design load for “ normal operation” is a fatigue load. The load case assumes const ant rang
fatigue loading for the blade and shaf t , these ranges are given below . The ranges are to be conside
the fatigue assessment as peak-to-peak values. The mean values of the load ranges can be ignored.
The fatigue loading on the blade w ould be considered to occur at the airfoil – root junction or at
root – hub junction, w hichever is determined to have the low est ultimate st rength. The calculate
resses are the combination of the centrifugal loading (F ZB) and the bending moments (M XB and MYB).
The fatigue load on the rotor shaf t shall be considered at the rot or shaf t at the f irst bearing (n
to the rotor). The range of the st ress shall be calculated from the combination of the thrust loadin
shaft), the torsion moment (Mx-shaft) and the bending moment (M shaft).
Load case B: Yawing
For this load case, the ultimate loads (gyroscopic forces and moment s) shall be calculated ass
the maximum yaw speed ωyaw ,max occurring w ith ndesign.
Load case C: Yaw error
All turbines operate w ith a certain yaw error. In this load case, a yaw error of 30° is assumed.
Load case D: Maximum thrust
The SWT can be exposed to high thrust loads on the rotor. The thrust load acts parallel to the ro
shaft and has a maximum value.
The trust coefficient is equal to 0,5 by normative.
Load case E: Maximum rotational speed
The centrifugal load in the blade root F ZB and the shaf t bending moment MSHAFT due to centrifugal lo
and rotor unbalance shall be calculated. The maximum possible rotor speed is directly related to the
maximum rotational speed revolutions.
Load case F: Short at load connection
In the case of a direct electrical short at the output of the SWT or internal short in the generator, high
moment is created about the rotor shaf t due to the short circuit torque of the alternator. In the absenc
any values proven to be more accurate, tw o t imes the Q DESIGN is to be taken as the short circuit torque
on the generat or shaf t .
In the absence of any values proven to be more accurate, G shall be 2,0.
Load case G: Shutdown (braking)
In the case of w ind turbines w ith a mechanical or electrical braking syst em in the drive train, the brakin
moment can be greater than the maximum driving moment. In these cases, the braking moment M
derived from test ing or calculations, shall be used in the design calculations of the SWT. The maximum
torque is assumed to be equal to the brake plus the design torque (thus assuming that the brake is ap
w hile the generator st ill delivers design torque).
Mbrake shall be multiplied by the gearbox ratio if the brake is on the high speed shaf t .
Load case H: Parked wind loading
In this load case, the w ind turbine is parked in the normal w ay. The loads on the exposed
parts of the SWT shall be calculated assuming w ind speed of V e50
The maximum tow er bending moment shall be calculated using the thrust force. The drag or lif t
on the tow er and nacelle need to be taken into account as w ell. For free st anding tow ers the ma
bending moment w ill occur at the tow er base. For guyed tow ers, the maximum bending mom
ill occur at the upper guy w ire attachment.
Load case I: Parked w ind loading, maximum exposure
In the case of a failure in the yaw mechanism, the SWT can be exposed to the w ind from all direct
Thus, for design purposes, the forces on the SWT blades, nacelle, tow er, and tail (if applicable) s
be calculated for all possible exposures including w inds from the front, side or rear of the rotor.
Load case J: Transportation, assembly, maintenance and repair
The manufacturer shall consider loads on the turbine syst em caused by the transport ation,
assembly, inst allation, and maintenance and repair of the syst em. Examples of such loads are:
– gravity loads on turbine during transport ation in other than upright posit ion
– loads caused by special inst allation tools
– w ind loads during inst allation
– loads introduced by hoist ing the turbine onto the foundation
– loads on a t ilt up tow er during erection
– load on a support structure from climbing it
 Symbol
V_design
V_e50
λ_e50
λ_design
η
Q_design
A_proj
ω_n,design
ω_n,max
ω_yaw ,max
e_r
M_brake
ut data
e different loads hypothesis. The IEC

d case assumes const ant range

w . The ranges are to be considered in
he load ranges can be ignored.
the airfoil – root junction or at the
timate st rength. The calculated st
bending moments (MXB and MYB).
or shaf t at the f irst bearing (nearest
combination of the thrust loading (F x-

ment s) shall be calculated assuming

aw error of 30° is assumed.

hrust load acts parallel to the rotor

ment M SHAFT due to centrifugal load

tor speed is directly related to the

rnal short in the generator, high

e of the alternator. In the absence of
taken as the short circuit torque acting

.
t em in the drive train, the braking
e cases, the braking moment M brake,
tions of the SWT. The maximum shaf t
s assuming that the brake is applied

h speed shaf t .

The loads on the exposed

e thrust force. The drag or lif t force

or free st anding tow ers the maximum
the maximum bending moment w

sed to the w ind from all directions.

ow er, and tail (if applicable) shall
nt, side or rear of the rotor.

caused by the transport ation,

em. Examples of such loads are:
sit ion
LOADS FROM SLM
Description Equation SLM value Units Symbol
Load case A – Fatigue loads on blades and rotor shaft
Blade loads
Centrifugal force at the blade root (z-axis) IEC 21 5304.91 N ΔF_zB
Lead-lag root bending moment (x-axis) IEC 22 148.10 Nm ΔM_xB
Flapw ise root bending moment (y-axis) IEC 23 480.21 Nm ΔM_yB
Shaft  loads
Thrust on shaft (x-axis) IEC 24 1012.15 N ΔF_x-shaft
Shaft moment about x-axis IEC 25 228.93 Nm ΔM_x-shaft
Shaft moment IE 26 686.15 Nm ΔM_shaft
Load case B – Blade and rotor shaft loads during yaw
Flapw ise root bending moment (y-axis) IEC 28 266.96 Nm M_yB
Bending moment on the shaft IEC 29, 30 550.94 Nm M_shaft
Load case C – Yaw error loads on blades
Flapw ise root bending moment (y-axis) IEC 31 871.86 Nm M_yB
Load case D – Maximum thrust on shaft
Maximum thrust on shaft IEC 32 986.74 N F_x-shaft
Load case E – Maximum rotational speed
Centrifugal force at the blade root (z-axis) IEC 33 6790.29 N F_zB
Bending moment on the shaft IEC 34 474.20 Nm M_shaft
Load case F – Short at load connection
Bending moment on shaft IEC 35 433.00 Nm M_x-shaft
Lead-lag root bending moment (x-axis) IEC 36 144.33 Nm M_xB
Load case G – Shutdow n braking
Bending moment on shaft IEC 37 n/a Nm M_x-shaft
Lead-lag root bending moment (x-axis) IEC 38 n/a Nm M_xB
Load case H – Parked w ind loads during idling
Flapw ise root bending moment (y-axis) IEC 39, 40 603.79 Nm M_yB
Maximum thrust on shaft IEC 41, 42 1696.85 N F_x-shaft
Table 5 – Loads from SML
In Table 6 there are considered the highest values for each part in w hich w e must pay attention. The hi
betw een all the load hypothesis have been taken. These values
w ill be the input data for the FEM (Finit e Element Method analysis)
MAXIMUM LOADS
Description Hypothesis Value
Blades loads
Centrifugal force at Load case E – Maximum rotational speed 6790.29N
the blade root (z-axis)
Lead-lag root bending Load case A – Fatigue loads on blades and rotor 148.10Nm
moment (x-axis) shaft
Flapw ise root bending Load case C – Yaw error on blades 871.86Nm
moment (y-axis)
Shaft  loads
 Maximum thrust on Load case H – Parked w ind loads during idling 1696.85 N
shaft
Bending moment on Load case F – Short at load connection 433.00 N m
shaft
Shaft moment Load case A - Fatigue loads on blades and rotor 686.15 N m
shaft
Table 6 – Maximum loads

4.1.- CALCULATION OF EQUIVALENT STRESSES

Handmade calculations w ere done before the FEM analysis for the different load hypothesis.
In Table 7 there are some necessary data for the calculations to the st resses w hich appear on t
most critical parts in the w ind turbine as the blades and the shaf t are.
Other data that w e have to f ix are the fatigue parameters that w e w ant the w ind turbine to res
 Symbol

ΔF_zB
ΔM_xB
ΔM_yB

ΔF_x-shaft
ΔM_x-shaft
ΔM_shaft

M_yB
M_shaft

M_yB

F_x-shaft

F_zB
M_shaft

M_x-shaft
M_xB

M_x-shaft
M_xB

M_yB
F_x-shaft

st pay attention. The highest

Symbol

F_zB

ΔM_xB

My_B
 F_x-shaft

M_x-shaft

ΔM_shaft

nt load hypothesis.
ses w hich appear on the

the w ind turbine to resist .

ADDITIONAL MECHANICAL DATA
Description Value Units
Diameter of the shaft 0.05 m
Cross sectional area of the shaft 1.9635E-3 m2

Second moment of inertia for the shaft 3.068E-7 m4

Section modulus for the shaft 1.2272E-5 m3

Cross sectional area of the blade root 3.85E-3 m2

Ixx for the blade 3E-7 m4

x-distance from blade centroid to the maximum stress point 5E-3 m

Iyy for the blade 4E-5 m4

y-distance from blade entroid to the maximum stress point 3E-2 m

Blade x-section modulus 6E-5 m3

Blade y-section modulus 1.33E-3 m3

Ult imate material strength for the blades 3445 MPa

Ult imate material strength for the shaft 207 MPa
Additional data for fatigue calculations
Design life of the turbine 25 Years
788940000 s
Number of fatigue cycles 9.86E+ 9 n/a
Number of cycles to failure as a function of stress (shaft) 1E+ 10 n/a
Number of cycles to failure as a function of stress (blade) 1.23E+ 3 n/a
Table 7 – Additional mechanical data
Where
𝐼𝑥 − 𝑠ℎ𝑎f𝑡 = 𝜋𝐷4⁄
64
W
𝑠ℎ𝑎f𝑡 = 2 𝐼𝑥_𝑠ℎ𝑎f𝑡
W𝐷
= 𝐼_𝑥𝑥𝐵

𝑥𝐵 𝑐_𝑥𝐵
W
𝑦𝐵 𝐼_𝑦𝑦𝐵
=
𝑐_𝑦𝐵
Symbol
n/a
A_shaft
I_x-shaf t
W_shaft
A_B
I_xxB
c_xB
I_yyB
c_yB
W_xB
W_yB
f_kb
f_k-shaft

-
T_d
n_i
N_shaf t
N_blade
 Now w e proceed to the calculations of the equivalent st ress in the blade root and in the axis in
different load hypothesis.
The calculation method is alw ays the same but changing the loads in each hypothesis.
𝜎[𝑃𝑎] = 𝐹 [𝑁]
𝑆 [𝑚2]
𝜎 𝑃𝑎] = 𝑀 [𝑁𝑚]
[

W [𝑚3]

ADDITIONAL MECHANICAL DATA

Description
Load case A – Fatigue loads on blades and rotor shaft
Blades
Shaft
Load case B – Blade and rotor shaft loads during yaw
Blades
Shaft
Load case C – Yaw error loads on blades
Blades
Load case D – Maximum thrust on shaft
Shaft
Load case E – Maximum rotational speed
Shaft
Blades
Load case F – Short load connection
Blades
Shaft
Load case G – Shutdow n braking
Blades
Shaft
Load case H – Parked w ind loads during idling
Blades
Shaft
Table 8 – Equivalent stresses
4.2.-MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION
One of the most important things to guarantee the correct behavior of the w ind turbine is to use the co
materials, and the mechanical properties of them.
In that point w e have made the decision to full characterize all the materials for know ing the r
properties of them and after that to oversize the w ind turbine for getting more reliability.
For all the materials that w e use w e ask for the data sheet w hich has the full analysis
to check if the material is the one w e need for guaranteeing the mechanical performance
needed and the safety factors.
lations of the equivalent st ress in the blade root and in the axis in the
different load hypothesis.
d is alw ays the same but changing the loads in each hypothesis.
𝜎[𝑃𝑎] = 𝐹 [𝑁]
𝑆 [𝑚2]
𝜎 𝑃𝑎] = 𝑀 [𝑁𝑚]
[

W [𝑚3]

A
Equivalent stress [MPa]
des and rotor shaft
4.21
58.69
t loads during yaw
0.20
44.89
blades
0.65
shaft
0.50
speed
1.76
38.64
on
2.41
30.56

-
-
during idling
0.45
0.86
Table 8 – Equivalent stresses
ERIZATION
s to guarantee the correct behavior of the w ind turbine is to use the correct
perties of them.
he decision to full characterize all the materials for know ing the real
at to oversize the w ind turbine for getting more reliability.
w e ask for the data sheet w hich has the full analysis
he one w e need for guaranteeing the mechanical performance that is
ALUMINUM 356 T6
Properties Value
Modulus of elasticity 4.21
Poisson coefficient in XY 58.69
Shear modulus XY 0.20
Mass density 44.89
Traction limit X 0.65
Traction limit Y 0.50
Elastic limit 1.76
Coefficient of thermal expansion X 38.64
Thermal conductivity X 2.41
Specific heat 30.56
Table 9 – Aluminum 356 T6
Units
N/m^ 2
N/D
N/m^ 2
Kg/m^ 3
N/m^ 2
N/m^ 2
N/m^ 2
/K
W/(m K)
J/(kg K)
STEEL F 114
Properties Value
Modulus of elasticity 2.05 + 011
Poisson coefficient in XY 0.29
Shear modulus XY 8e+ 010
Mass density 7850
Traction limit X 665000000
Compression limit X
Elastic limit 400000000
Coefficient of thermal expansion X 1.15E-005
Thermal conductivity X 49.8
Specific heat 486
Damping coefficient
Table 10 – Steel F114

4.3.-SAFETY FACTORS
The most important parameters in a small w ind turbine are saf ety and reliability.
According to IEC 61400 -2 saf ety factors for this machines must be higher than 9 if the material
properties are not characterized but if the material is full characterized as w e have made w ith ours
ety factor must not be less than 3.
We have made the choice to full characterize the materials and despit e of that w e also get higher saf e
factors.
In the next tables the comparison betw een the saf ety factors w hich w ere obtained and the ones w hich
needed is done.
It is clear that each part of the w ind turbine is according to the IEC 61400 -2 and the
saf ety factors are bigger than the mandatories ones because of w e w ant to increase the saf ety
machine.
 Units
N/m^ 2
N/D
N/m^ 2
Kg/m^ 3
N/m^ 2
N/m^ 2
N/m^ 2
/K
W/(m K)
J/(kg K)
N/D

reliability.
e higher than 9 if the material
ed as w e have made w ith ours the saf

of that w e also get higher saf ety

ere obtained and the ones w hich are

C 61400 -2 and the

e w ant to increase the saf ety of the
 According to the simple load model:
The saf ety st udy w as f irst done using the simple load model to ensure that the IEC61400-2 w as cove

Simple Load Model Results

Load Case A - Fatigue Loads on Blades and Rotor Shaft
Fatigue Damage Limit Fatigue Damage
Blades 1,00 1,01E-06
Shaft 1,00 Inf inite Life
Load Case B - Blade and Rotor Shaft Loads during Yaw
Material Stress Limit (MPa) Calculated Stress (MPa)
Blades 382,78 0,20
Shaft 205,00 48,9
Load Case C - Yaw Error Load on Blades
Material Stress Limit (MPa) Calculated Stress (MPa)
Blades 382,78 0,65
Load Case D - Maximum Thrust on Shaft
Material Stress Limit (MPa) Calculated Stress (MPa)
Shaft 382,78 0,50
Load Case E - Maximum Rotational Speed
Material Stress Limit (MPa) Calculated Stress (MPa)
Blades 382,78 38,64
Shaft 205,00 17,6
Load Case F - Short at Load Connection
Material Stress Limit (MPa) Calculated Stress (MPa)
Blades 382,78 2,41
Shaft 205,00 35,6
Load Case G - Shutdow n Braking
Material Stress Limit (MPa) Calculated Stress (MPa)
Blades 382,78 n/a
Shaft 205,00 n/a
Load Case H - Parked Wind Loads during Idling
Material Stress Limit (MPa) Calculated Stress (MPa)
Blades 382,78 0,86
Shaft 205,00 4,5
Table 11 – Simple Load Model Results
sure that the IEC61400-2 w as covered .

Conclusion
SAFE
SAFE

Conclusion
SAFE
SAFE

Conclusion
SAFE

Conclusion
SAFE

Conclusion
SAFE
SAFE

Conclusion
SAFE
SAFE

Conclusion
n/a
n/a

Conclusion
SAFE
SAFE
According to the Annex A and the Finite Element Method for the maximum loads.
In the IEC 61400-2 the FEM analysis is not mandatory, but w e have decided to full st udy our w
turbine to ensure that not only in the parts w hich is mandatory to st udy the loads the safe factor is
correct one. We w ant to know all about our w ind turbine and w e w ant it to me as saf e as w e c
and the f inite element method analysis reveals that the saf ety factors in every part of the w ind
turbine are higher
than the mandatories as it could be seen in the next table.

Material stress Calculated Safety

Part limit [MPa] stress [MPa] factor
Framew ork 272 33.3 8.17
Nacelle 272 45.3 6.01
Blade holder 205 59.4 3.45
Yaw axe 205 51.9 3.95
Variable pitch support 272 68.5 3.97
Rod 205 34.6 5.92
Slider 205 24.1 8.5

ANNEX A
FEM ANALYSIS
um loads.
decided to full st udy our w ind
dy the loads the safe factor is the
it to me as saf e as w e can,
n every part of the w ind

Conclusion
SAFE
SAFE
SAFE
SAFE
SAFE
SAFE
SAFE
 A.1.-EPRO_BASE
Analyzed File: EPRO_BASE.ipt
Autodesk Inventor Version: 2015 (Build 190159000, 159)
Creation Dat e: 09/05/2016, 9:54
Simulation Author: Román Dato Cuadrado
Summary:
Project Info (iProperties)
Physical
The most signif icant material specif ications of this parts w ere defined below
Material Aluminum 356 T6
Densit y 2,8384 g/cm^ 3
Mass 8,09196 kg
Area 402876 mm^ 2
Volume 2850890 mm^ 3
x= 0,0569934 mm
Center of Gravity y= 73,0483 mm
                                                                                                               z=  -
0,0503049  mm                          
Data
General objective and settings: This kind of analysis is the necessary to get the st rengths t
appear in the st udied part of the full w ind turbine
The single point objective is for solving every point in the part, and the st atic analysis is opposit e to t
fatigue one, so the maximum loads act in certain moment s.

Design Objective Single Point

Simulation Type Static Analysis
Last Modification Date 09/05/2016, 9:51
Det ect and Eliminate Rigid Body Modes No
Mesh settings: These mesh set t ings w ere chosen according w ith the st andards for that kind of analy

Avg. Element Size (fraction of model diameter)

Min. Element Size (fraction of avg. size)
Grading Factor
Max. Turn Angle
Create Curved Mesh Elements
 EPRO_BASE.ipt
2015 (Build 190159000, 159)
09/05/2016, 9:54
Román Dato Cuadrado

this parts w ere defined below

Aluminum 356 T6
2,8384 g/cm^ 3
8,09196 kg
402876 mm^ 2
2850890 mm^ 3
x= 0,0569934 mm
y= 73,0483 mm
                                                                                    z=  -
0,0503049  mm                          

f analysis is the necessary to get the st rengths that

ine
oint in the part, and the st atic analysis is opposit e to the
n moment s.

Single Point
Static Analysis
09/05/2016, 9:51
No
sen according w ith the st andards for that kind of analysis

0,05
0,05
1,1
60 deg
Yes
Operating conditions
In the next st eps it is show n w hat and w here the loads are put. The pictures are clear enough to un
and w hat kind of loads are actuating in its face.
Pressure: 1
Load Type
Magnitude
Selected Face(s)
Force: 1
Load Type
Magnitude
Vector X
Vector Y
Vector Z
Selected Face(s)
 hat and w here the loads are put. The pictures are clear enough to underst
uating in its face.

Pressure
4.880 MPa

Force
452.000 N
0.000 N
452.000 N
0.000 N
Force: 2
Load Type Force
Magnitude 113.000 N
Vector X 0.000 N
Vector Y 113.000 N
Vector Z 0.000 N
Selected Face(s)
Fixed Constraint: 1
Constraint Type
Selected Face(s)
 Force
113.000 N
0.000 N
113.000 N
0.000 N

Fixed Constraint
 Results
The result s obtained are show n using three magnitudes of control
-Von Mises Stress: It reveals a combination of all kind of tensions that appear in each point of the pa

-Displacement : It show s how much the part is deformed

-Safety factor: Using the material given as a reference it makes the comparison betw een the
maximum st ress admitted and the st ress obtained in each point
Result Summary
Name Minimum
Volume 2850890 mm^ 3
Mass 8,09196 kg
Von Mises Stress 0,00104139 MPa
Displacement 0 mm
Safety Factor 8,16687 ul
Figures
Von Mises Stress
Maximum combined stress point

Displacement
Points w hich w ill be deformed w hen the maximum loads are applied
Safety Factor
The most important parameter, it show s the saf ety factor in each point of the part w hen the
maximum loads are applied. That analysis does not make difference betw een the most critica
points like the SLM because it takes the overall points of the part to make the analysis.
des of control
nd of tensions that appear in each point of the part

ormed
erence it makes the comparison betw een the
in each point

Maximum
2850890 mm^ 3
8,09196 kg
33,6726 MPa
0,0406143 mm
15 ul

m loads are applied

ety factor in each point of the part w hen the

es not make difference betw een the most critical
oints of the part to make the analysis.
 A.2.-EPRO_ BIELA
Analyzed File: EPRO_BIELA.ipt
Autodesk Inventor Version: 2015 (Build 190159000, 159)
Creation Dat e: 09/05/2016, 13:07
Simulation Author: Román Dato Cuadrado
Summary:
Project Info (iProperties)
Physical
The most signif icant material specif ications of this parts w ere defined below
Material Steel F114
Densit y 7,85 g/cm^ 3
Mass 0,328713 kg
Area 11015,6 mm^ 2
Volume 41874,3 mm^ 3
Center of Gravity x= 7,5 mm
y= 12,104 mm
z= -15,5365 mm

Simulation: 1
General objective and settings: This kind of analysis is the necessary to get the st rengths t
appear in the st udied part of the full w ind turbine
The single point objective is for solving every point in the part, and the st atic analysis is opposit e to t
fatigue one, so the maximum loads act in certain moment s.

Design Objective Single Point

Simulation Type Static Analysis
Last Modification Date 09/05/2016, 13:06
Det ect and Eliminate Rigid Body Modes No
Mesh settings: These mesh set t ings w ere chosen according w ith the st andards for that
kind of analysis
Avg. Element Size (fraction of model diameter)
Min. Element Size (fraction of avg. size)
Grading Factor
Max. Turn Angle
Create Curved Mesh Elements
 EPRO_BIELA.ipt
2015 (Build 190159000, 159)
09/05/2016, 13:07
Román Dato Cuadrado

this parts w ere defined below

Steel F114
7,85 g/cm^ 3
0,328713 kg
11015,6 mm^ 2
41874,3 mm^ 3
x= 7,5 mm
y= 12,104 mm
z= -15,5365 mm

f analysis is the necessary to get the st rengths that

ine
oint in the part, and the st atic analysis is opposit e to the
n moment s.

Single Point
Static Analysis
09/05/2016, 13:06
No
sen according w ith the st andards for that

0,01
0,01
1,1
60 deg
Yes
 Material(s)
Name Steel, Cast
Mass Densit y
General Yield Strength
Ult imate Tensile Strength
Young' s Modulus
Stress Poisson' s Ratio
Shear Modulus
Part Name(s) EPRO_BIELA
Operating conditions
In the next st eps it is show n w hat and w here the loads are put. The pictures are clear enough to un
and w hat kind of loads are actuating in its f ace.
Force: 1
Load Type Force
Magnitude 1255.000 N
Vector X 0.000 N
Vector Y 1255.000 N
Vector Z 0.000 N
Selected Face(s)
 7,85 g/cm^ 3
250 MPa
300 MPa
210 GPa
0,3 ul
80,7692 GPa

re put. The pictures are clear enough to underst

Force
1255.000 N
0.000 N
1255.000 N
0.000 N
Frictionless Constraint: 1
Constraint Type
Selected Face(s)
Frictionless Constraint: 2
Constraint Type
Selected Face(s)
 Frictionless Constraint

Frictionless Constraint
 Results
Reaction Force and Moment on Constraints
Reaction Force Reaction Moment
Constraint Name Magnitude Component Magnitude
(X,Y,Z)
Frictionless Constraint:1 0 N
14,6695 N -14,6695 N 0,531348 N m
0 N
Frictionless Constraint:2 0 N
1240,25 N -1240,25 N 80,4596 N m
0 N
Result Summary
The result s obtained are show n using three magnitudes of control
-Von Mises Stress: It reveals a combination of all kind of tensions that appear in each point of
part
-Displacement : It show s how much the part is deformed
-Safety factor: Using the material given as a reference it makes the comparison betw een the
maximum st ress admitted and the st ress obtained in each point.
Name Minimum Maximum
Volume 41874,3 mm^ 3
Mass 0,328713 kg
Von Mises Stress 0,0310979 MPa 42,1988 MPa
1st Principal Stress -47,4164 MPa 93,4125 MPa
3rd Principal Stress -93,5576 MPa 49,06 MPa
Displacement 0,000646734 mm 0,0189292 mm
Safety Factor 5,92433 ul 15 ul
Figures
Von Mises Stress
Maximum combined stress point
Displacement
Points w hich w ill be deformed w hen the maximum loads are applied
Safety Factor
The most important parameter, it show s the saf ety factor in each point of the part w hen the
maximum loads are applied. That analysis does not make difference betw een the most critica
points like the SLM because it takes the overall points of the part to make the analysis.
Reaction Moment
Component
(X,Y,Z)
-0,531348 N m
0 Nm
0 Nm
-80,4596 N m
0 Nm
0 Nm

ns that appear in each point of the

the comparison betw een the

Maximum

42,1988 MPa
93,4125 MPa
49,06 MPa
0,0189292 mm
15 ul

d
ch point of the part w hen the
erence betw een the most critical
o make the analysis.
 A.3.-EPRO_CORREDERA
Analyzed File: EPRO_CORREDERA.ipt
Autodesk Inventor Version: 2015 (Build 190159000, 159)
Creation Dat e: 09/05/2016, 15:46
Simulation Author: Román Dato Cuadrado
Summary:
Project Info (iProperties)
Physical
The most signif icant material specif ications of this parts w ere defined below
Material Steel F114
Densit y 7,85 g/cm^ 3
Mass 2,44378 kg
Area 63602,1 mm^ 2
Volume 311309 mm^ 3
x= 80,0001 mm
Center of Gravity y= 24,3562 mm
z= -46,188 mm

3070V2_Análisis_Deslizadora
General objective and settings: This kind of analysis is the necessary to get the st rengths t
appear in the st udied part of the full w ind turbine
The single point objective is for solving every point in the part, and the st atic analysis is opposit e to t
fatigue one, so the maximum loads act in certain moment s.

Design Objective Single Point

Simulation Type Static Analysis
Last Modification Date 09/05/2016, 15:44
Det ect and Eliminate Rigid Body Modes No
Mesh settings: These mesh set t ings w ere chosen according w ith t he st andards for that
kind of analysis
Avg. Element Size (fraction of model diameter)
Min. Element Size (fraction of avg. size)
Grading Factor
Max. Turn Angle
Create Curved Mesh Elements
 EPRO_CORREDERA.ipt
2015 (Build 190159000, 159)
09/05/2016, 15:46
Román Dato Cuadrado

this parts w ere defined below

Steel F114
7,85 g/cm^ 3
2,44378 kg
63602,1 mm^ 2
311309 mm^ 3
x= 80,0001 mm
y= 24,3562 mm
z= -46,188 mm

f analysis is the necessary to get the st rengths that

ine
oint in the part, and the st atic analysis is opposit e to the
n moment s.

Single Point
Static Analysis
09/05/2016, 15:44
No
sen according w ith t he st andards for that

0,01
0,05
1,2
60 deg
Yes
 Material(s)
Name Steel, Cast
Mass Densit y
General Yield Strength
Ult imate Tensile Strength
Young' s Modulus
Stress Poisson' s Ratio
Shear Modulus
Part Name(s) EPRO_BIELA
Operating conditions
In the next st eps it is show n w hat and w here the loads are put. The pictures are clear enou
underst and w hat kind of loads are actuating in its face.
Force: 1
Load Type Force
Magnitude 9145.000 N
Vector X -0.000 N
Vector Y -9145.000 N
Vector Z 0.000 N
Selected Face(s)
 7,85 g/cm^ 3
250 MPa
300 MPa
210 GPa
0,3 ul
80,7692 GPa

ads are put. The pictures are clear enough to

Force
9145.000 N
-0.000 N
-9145.000 N
0.000 N
Fixed Constraint: 1
Constraint Type
Selected Face(s)
Frictionless Constraint: 1
Constraint Type
Selected Face(s)
 Fixed Constraint

Frictionless Constraint
Results
The result s obtained are show n using three magnitudes of control
-Von Mises Stress: It reveals a combination of all kind of tensions that appear in each point of the

-Displacement : It show s how much the part is deformed

-Safety factor: Using the material given as a reference it makes the comparison betw een the
maximum st ress admitted and the st ress obtained in each point.
Result Summary
Name Minimum
Volume 311309 mm^ 3
Mass 2,44378 kg
Von Mises Stress 0,0104964 MPa
Displacement 0 mm
Safety Factor 2,7154 ul
Figures
Von Mises Stress
Maximum combined stress point

Displacement
Points w hich w ill be deformed w hen the maximum loads are applied
Safety Factor
The most important parameter, it show s the saf ety factor in each point of the part w hen the max
loads are applied. That analysis does not make difference betw een the most critical points like the SL
because it takes the overall points of the part to make the analysis.
udes of control
kind of tensions that appear in each point of the part

ormed
eference it makes the comparison betw een the
n each point.

Maximum
311309 mm^ 3
2,44378 kg
92,0673 MPa
0,0110634 mm
15 ul

loads are applied

ety factor in each point of the part w hen the maximum

ference betw een the most critical points like the SLM
make the analysis.
 A.4.-EPRO_CUCHARA
Analyzed File: EPRO_CUCHARA.ipt
Autodesk Inventor Version: 2015 (Build 190159000, 159)
Creation Dat e: 09/05/2016, 11:42
Simulation Author: Román Dato Cuadrado
Summary:
Project Info (iProperties)
Physical
The most signif icant material specif ications of this parts w ere defined below
Material Steel F114
Densit y 7,15 g/cm^ 3
Mass 3,52544 kg
Area 63907 mm^ 2
Volume 493069 mm^ 3
x= 17,5713 mm
Center of Gravity y= -0,00144994 mm
z= 145,664 mm

Simulation: 1
General objective and settings: This kind of analysis is the necessary to get the st rengths t
appear in the st udied part of the full w ind turbine
The single point objective is for solving every point in the part, and the st atic analysis is opposit e to t
fatigue one, so the maximum loads act in certain moment s.

Design Objective Single Point

Simulation Type Static Analysis
Last Modification Date 09/05/2016, 11:42
Det ect and Eliminate Rigid Body Modes No
Mesh settings: These mesh set t ings w ere chosen according w ith the st andards for that kind of analy

Avg. Element Size (fraction of model diameter)

Min. Element Size (fraction of avg. size)
Grading Factor
Max. Turn Angle
Create Curved Mesh Elements
 EPRO_CUCHARA.ipt
2015 (Build 190159000, 159)
09/05/2016, 11:42
Román Dato Cuadrado

this parts w ere defined below

Steel F114
7,15 g/cm^ 3
3,52544 kg
63907 mm^ 2
493069 mm^ 3
x= 17,5713 mm
y= -0,00144994 mm
z= 145,664 mm

analysis is the necessary to get the st rengths that

ine
oint in the part, and the st atic analysis is opposit e to the
n moment s.

Single Point
Static Analysis
09/05/2016, 11:42
No
sen according w ith the st andards for that kind of analysis

0,02
0,05
1,1
60 deg
Yes
 Material(s)
Name Steel F 114
Mass Densit y
General Yield Strength
Ult imate Tensile Strength
Young' s Modulus
Stress Poisson' s Ratio
Shear Modulus
Part Name(s) EPRO_CUCHARA
Operating conditions
In the next st eps it is show n w hat and w here the loads are put. The pictures are clear enough to un
and w hat kind of loads are actuating in its face.
Force: 1
Load Type Force
Magnitude 339.000 N
Vector X 0.000 N
Vector Y 0.000 N
Vector Z 339.000 N
Selected Face(s)
 7,15 g/cm^ 3
758 MPa
884 MPa
120,5 GPa
0,3 ul
46,3462 GPa

e put. The pictures are clear enough to underst

Force
339.000 N
0.000 N
0.000 N
339.000 N
Force: 2
Load Type
Magnitude
Vector X
Vector Y
Vector Z
Selected Face(s)
Force: 3
Load Type
Magnitude
Vector X
Vector Y
Vector Z
Selected Face(s)
 Force
679.000 N
0.000 N
0.000 N
679.000 N

Force
1764.000 N
1764.000 N
0.000 N
0.000 N
Fixed Constraint: 1
Constraint Type
Selected Face(s)
Pin Constraint: 1
Constraint Type Pin Constraint
Fix Radial Direct ion Yes
Fix Axial Direct ion Yes
Fix Tangential Direct ion No
Selected Face(s)
 Fixed Constraint

Pin Constraint
Yes
Yes
No
Results
The result s obtained are show n using three magnitudes of control
-Von Mises Stress: It reveals a combination of all kind of tensions that appear in each point of the p

-Displacement : It show s how much the part is deformed

-Safety factor: Using the material given as a reference it makes the comparison betw een the
maximum st ress admitted and the st ress obtained in each point.
Result Summary
Name Minimum
Volume 493055 mm^ 3
Mass 3,52534 kg
Von Mises Stress 0,00000425949 MPa
Displacement 0 mm
Safety Factor 2,46135 ul
Figures
Von Mises Stress
Maximum combined stress point

Displacement
Points w hich w ill be deformed w hen the maximum loads are applied
Safety Factor
The most important parameter, it show s the saf ety factor in each point of the part w hen the
maximum loads are applied. That analysis does not make difference betw een the most critica
points like the SLM because it takes the overall points of the part to make the analysis.
 es of control
d of tensions that appear in each point of the part

med
ence it makes the comparison betw een the
each point.

Maximum
493055 mm^ 3
3,52534 kg
307,96 MPa
0,0703671 mm
15 ul

m loads are applied

ety factor in each point of the part w hen the

s not make difference betw een the most critical
oints of the part to make the analysis.
 A.5.-EPRO_GIRATORIA
Analyzed File: EPRO_GIRATORIATESTS.ipt
Autodesk Inventor Version: 2015 (Build 190159000, 159)
Creation Dat e: 09/05/2016, 10:17
Simulation Author: Román Dato Cuadrado
Summary:
Project Info (iProperties)
Physical
The most signif icant material specif ications of this parts w ere defined below
Mass 7,48794 kg
Area 172973 mm^ 2
Volume 983138 mm^ 3
x= 0,00000486377 mm
Center of Gravity y= 43,8377 mm
z= -0,15053 mm

Simulation: 1
General objective and settings: This kind of analysis is the necessary to get the st rengths th
appear in the st udied part of the full w ind turbine
The single point objective is for solving every point in the part, and the st atic analysis is opposit e to the
fatigue one, so the maximum loads act in certain moment s.

Design Objective Single Point

Simulation Type Static Analysis
Last Modification Date 09/05/2016, 15:47
Det ect and Eliminate Rigid Body Modes Yes
Separate Stresses Across Contact Surfaces No
Motion Loads Analysis No
Mesh settings: These mesh set t ings w ere chosen according w ith the st andards for that
kind of analysis
Avg. Element Size (fraction of model diameter)
Min. Element Size (fraction of avg. size)
Grading Factor
Max. Turn Angle
Create Curved Mesh Elements
Use part based measure for Assembly mesh
 EPRO_GIRATORIATESTS.ipt
2015 (Build 190159000, 159)
09/05/2016, 10:17
Román Dato Cuadrado

f this parts w ere defined below

7,48794 kg
172973 mm^ 2
983138 mm^ 3
x= 0,00000486377 mm
y= 43,8377 mm
z= -0,15053 mm

analysis is the necessary to get the st rengths that

ne
int in the part, and the st atic analysis is opposit e to the
moment s.

Single Point
Static Analysis
09/05/2016, 15:47
Yes
No
No
sen according w ith the st andards for that

0,01
0,1
1,1
60 deg
Yes
Yes
 Material(s)
Name Acero S355
Mass Densit y
General Yield Strength
Ult imate Tensile Strength
Young' s Modulus
Stress Poisson' s Ratio
Shear Modulus
Part Name(s) EPRO_BRIDA EPRO_EJEGIRATORIA
Operating conditions
In the next st eps it is show n w hat and w here the loads are put. The pictures are clear enough to u
and w hat kind of loads are actuating in its face.
Force: 1
Load Type Force
Magnitude 1873,700 N
Vector X -0,000 N
Vector Y -1873,700 N
Vector Z 0,000 N
Selected Face(s)
 7,73 g/cm^ 3
355 MPa
600 MPa
205 GPa
0,3 ul
78,8462 GPa
O_EJEGIRATORIA

are put. The pictures are clear enough to underst

Force
1873,700 N
-0,000 N
-1873,700 N
0,000 N
Force: 2
Load Type
Magnitude
Vector X
Vector Y
Vector Z
Selected Face(s)
Force: 3
Load Type
Magnitude
Vector X
Vector Y
Vector Z
Selected Face(s)
 Force
1360,000 N
1360,000 N
0,000 N
0,000 N

Force
339,000 N
339,000 N
0,000 N
0,000 N
 Fixed Constraint: 1
Constraint Type Fixed Constraint
Selected Face(s)
Results
The result s obtained are show n using three magnitudes of control
-Von Mises Stress: It reveals a combination of all kind of tensions that appear in each point of the pa

-Displacement : It show s how much the part is deformed

-Safety factor: Using the material given as a reference it makes the comparison betw een the
maximum st ress admitted and the st ress obtained in each point.
Result Summary

Name Minimum
Volume 983137 mm^ 3
Mass 7,48794 kg
Von Mises Stress 0,0232978 MPa
Displacement 0 mm
Safety Factor 3,94982 ul
Figures
Von Mises Stress
Maximum combined stress point
Displacement
Points w hich w ill be deformed w hen the maximum loads are applied
Safety Factor
The most important parameter, it show s the saf ety factor in each point of the part w hen
maximum loads are applied. That analysis does not make difference betw een the mos
critical points like the SLM because it takes the overall points of the part to make the analysi
 Fixed Constraint

of control
f tensions that appear in each point of the part

d
e it makes the comparison betw een the
ch point.

Maximum
983137 mm^ 3
7,48794 kg
89,8774 MPa
0,113105 mm
15 ul

ads are applied

 ety factor in each point of the part w hen the
oes not make difference betw een the most
overall points of the part to make the analysis.
 A.6.-EPRO_GONDOLA
Analyzed File: EPRO_GONDOLA.ipt
Autodesk Inventor Version: 2015 (Build 190159000, 159)
Creation Dat e: 09/05/2016, 12:30
Simulation Author: Román Dato Cuadrado
Summary:
Project Info (iProperties)
Physical
The most signif icant material specif ications of this parts w ere defined below
Material Aluminum 356T6
Densit y 2,7 g/cm^ 3
Mass 34,1382 kg
Area 979287 mm^ 2
Volume 12643800 mm^ 3
x= -139,85 mm
Center of Gravity y= -14,6386 mm
z= -0,0667279 mm

Simulation: 1
General objective and settings: This kind of analysis is the necessary to get the st rengths t
appear in the st udied part of the full w ind turbine
The single point objective is for solving every point in the part, and the st atic analysis is opposit e to t
fatigue one, so the maximum loads act in certain moments.

Design Objective Single Point

Simulation Type Static Analysis
Last Modification Date 09/05/2016, 12:37
Det ect and Eliminate Rigid Body Modes No
Mesh settings:
These mesh set t ings w ere chosen according w ith the st andards for that kind of analysis

Avg. Element Size (fraction of model diameter)

Min. Element Size (fraction of avg. size)
Grading Factor
Max. Turn Angle
Create Curved Mesh Elements
 EPRO_GONDOLA.ipt
2015 (Build 190159000, 159)
09/05/2016, 12:30
Román Dato Cuadrado

this parts w ere defined below

Aluminum 356T6
2,7 g/cm^ 3
34,1382 kg
979287 mm^ 2
12643800 mm^ 3
x= -139,85 mm
y= -14,6386 mm
z= -0,0667279 mm

f analysis is the necessary to get the st rengths that

ine
oint in the part, and the st atic analysis is opposit e to the
n moments.

Single Point
Static Analysis
09/05/2016, 12:37
No

w ith the st andards for that kind of analysis

0,051
0,092
1,5
60 deg
Yes
 Material(s)
Name Aluminum 6061
Mass Densit y
General Yield Strength
Ult imate Tensile Strength
Young' s Modulus
Stress Poisson' s Ratio
Shear Modulus
Part Name(s) EPRO_GONDOLA
Operating conditions
In the next st eps it is show n w hat and w here the loads are put. The pictures are clear enou
underst and w hat kind of loads are actuating in its face.
Moment: 1
Load Type Moment
Magnitude 170000.000 N mm
Vector X 0.000 N mm
Vector Y 0.000 N mm
Vector Z -170000.000 N mm
Selected Face(s)
 2,7 g/cm^ 3
275 MPa
310 MPa
68,9 GPa
0,33 ul
25,9023 GPa

ads are put. The pictures are clear enough to

Moment
70000.000 N mm
0.000 N mm
0.000 N mm
170000.000 N mm
Moment: 2
Load Type
Magnitude
Vector X
Vector Y
Vector Z
Selected Face(s)
Force: 1
Load Type
Magnitude
Vector X
Vector Y
Vector Z
Selected Face(s)
 Moment
2205000.000 N mm
2205000.000 N mm
0.000 N mm
0.000 N mm

Force
702.000 N
-702.000 N
0.000 N
0.000 N
Force: 2
Load Type Force
Magnitude 702.000 N
Vector X 702.000 N
Vector Y 0.000 N
Vector Z 0.000 N
Selected Face(s)
Fixed Constraint: 1
Constraint Type
Selected Face(s)
 Force
702.000 N
702.000 N
0.000 N
0.000 N

Fixed Constraint
Fixed Constraint: 1
Constraint Type
Selected Face(s)
Pin Constraint: 1
Constraint Type Pin Constraint
Fix Radial Direct ion Yes
Fix Axial Direct ion Yes
Fix Tangential Direct ion No
Selected Face(s)
 Fixed Constraint

Pin Constraint
Yes
Yes
No
 Results
The result s obtained are show n using three magnitudes of control
-Von Mises Stress: It reveals a combination of all kind of tensions that appear in each point of the pa

-Displacement : It show s how much the part is deformed

-Safety factor: Using the material given as a reference it makes the comparison betw een the maximum
ress admitted and the st ress obtained in each point.
Reaction Force and Moment on Constraints
Reaction Force Reaction Moment
Constraint Name Magnitude Component Magnitude
(X,Y,Z)
-257,835 N
Fixed restricction:1 1070,47 N -849,721 N 828,343 N m
597,822 N
-512,129 N
Fixed Constraint:1 9121,15 N -396,492 N 1478,56 N m
-9098,12 N
769,795 N
Pin Constraint:1 8625,66 N 1246,81 N 453,827 N m
8500,29 N
Result Summary
Name Minimum Maximum
Volume 12644300 mm^ 3
Mass 34,1396 kg
Von Mises Stress 0,00286847 MPa 45,7223 MPa
1st Principal Stress -31,9007 MPa 53,2738 MPa
3rd Principal Stress -78,6908 MPa 21,1258 MPa
Displacement 0 mm 0,104102 mm
Safety Factor 6,01457 ul 15 ul
Figures
Von Mises Stress
Maximum combined stress point
Displacement
Points w hich w ill be deformed w hen the maximum loads are applied
Safety Factor
The most important parameter, it show s the saf ety factor in each point of the part w hen the
maximum loads are applied. That analysis does not make difference betw een the most critica
points like the SLM because it takes the overall points of the part to make the analysis.
that appear in each point of the part

comparison betw een the maximum st

Reaction Moment
Component
(X,Y,Z)
-781,212 N m
273,347 N m
33,7967 N m
-1423,61 N m
397,153 N m
41,6967 N m
0 Nm
446,117 N m
83,2969 N m

Maximum
^3
396 kg
45,7223 MPa
53,2738 MPa
21,1258 MPa
0,104102 mm
15 ul

plied
each point of the part w hen the
difference betw een the most critical
t to make the analysis.
 A.7.-EPRO_PLATO
Analyzed File: EPRO_PLATO.ipt
Autodesk Inventor Version: 2015 (Build 190159000, 159)
Creation Dat e: 09/05/2016, 12:54
Simulation Author: Román Dato Cuadrado
Summary:
Project Info (iProperties)
Physical
The most signif icant material specif ications of this parts w ere defined below
Material Aluminum 356T6
Densit y 2,7 g/cm^ 3
Mass 3,33473 kg
Area 150680 mm^ 2
Volume 1235090 mm^ 3
x= -0,0600538 mm
Center of Gravity y= -0,00108793 mm
z= -17,0923 mm

Simulation: 1
General objective and settings: This kind of analysis is the necessary to get the st rengths t
appear in the st udied part of the full w ind turbine
The single point objective is for solving every point in the part, and the st atic analysis is opposit e to t
fatigue one, so the maximum loads act in certain moment s.

Design Objective Single Point

Simulation Type Static Analysis
Last Modification Date 09/05/2016, 12:54
Det ect and Eliminate Rigid Body Modes No
Mesh settings: These mesh set t ings w ere chosen according w ith the st andards for that
kind of analysis
Avg. Element Size (fraction of model diameter)
Min. Element Size (fraction of avg. size)
Grading Factor
Max. Turn Angle
Create Curved Mesh Elements
 EPRO_PLATO.ipt
2015 (Build 190159000, 159)
09/05/2016, 12:54
Román Dato Cuadrado

this parts w ere defined below

Aluminum 356T6
2,7 g/cm^ 3
3,33473 kg
150680 mm^ 2
1235090 mm^ 3
x= -0,0600538 mm
y= -0,00108793 mm
z= -17,0923 mm

f analysis is the necessary to get the st rengths that

ine
oint in the part, and the st atic analysis is opposit e to the
n moment s.

Single Point
Static Analysis
09/05/2016, 12:54
No
sen according w ith the st andards for that

0,05
0,05
1,1
60 deg
Yes
 Material(s)
Name Aluminum 6061
Mass Densit y 2,7 g/cm^ 3
General Yield Strength 275 MPa
Ult imate Tensile Strength 310 MPa
Young' s Modulus 68,9 GPa
Stress Poisson' s Ratio 0,33 ul
Shear Modulus 25,9023 GPa
Part Name(s) EPRO_PLATO
Operating conditions
In the next st eps it is show n w hat and w here the loads are put. The pictures are clear enough to underst and
kind of loads are actuating in its face.
Moment: 1
Load Type Moment
Magnitude 433000,000 N mm
Vector X 0,000 N mm
Vector Y 0,000 N mm
Vector Z 433000,000 N mm
Selected Face(s)
 m^ 3
MPa
MPa
GPa
ul
GPa

enough to underst and w hat

Fixed Constraint: 1
Constraint Type
Selected Face(s)
Frictionless Constraint: 1
Constraint Type
Selected Face(s)
 Fixed Constraint

Frictionless Constraint
 Results
The result s obtained are show n using three magnitudes of control
-Von Mises Stress: It reveals a combination of all kind of tensions that appear in each point of the pa

-Displacement : It show s how much the part is deformed

-Safety factor: Using the material given as a reference it makes the comparison betw een the
maximum st ress admitted and the st ress obtained in each point.
Reaction Force and Moment on Constraints
Reaction Force Reaction Moment
Constraint Name Magnitude Component Magnitude
(X,Y,Z)
2736,19 N
Fixed Constraint:1 17620,1 N -17406,3 N 135,509 N m
34,8316 N
Frictionless -2733,21 N
Constraint:1 17623,4 N 17410,1 N 134,927 N m
-35,4464 N
Result Summary
Name Minimum Maximum
Volume 1235130 mm^ 3
Mass 3,33485 kg
Von Mises Stress 0,00410328 MPa 0,00410328 MPa
1st Principal Stress -10,2799 MPa 83,8409 MPa
3rd Principal Stress -96,7552 MPa 18,5053 MPa
Displacement 0 mm 0,0596551 mm
Safety Factor 2,96667 ul 15 ul
Figures
Von Mises Stress
Maximum combined stress point
Displacement
Points w hich w ill be deformed w hen the maximum loads are applied
Safety Factor
The most important parameter, it show s the saf ety factor in each point of the part w hen the
maximum loads are applied. That analysis does not make difference betw een the most critica
points like the SLM because it takes the overall points of the part to make the analysis.
 appear in each point of the part

he comparison betw een the

Reaction Moment
Component
(X,Y,Z)
129,943 N m
24,8565 N m
-29,3202 N m
-130,347 N m
-24,1337 N m
25,1464 N m

Maximum
m^ 3
kg
0,00410328 MPa
83,8409 MPa
18,5053 MPa
0,0596551 mm
15 ul
h point of the part w hen the
rence betw een the most critical
make the analysis.