Courtroom Terminology

common law= drept comun/ drept comunitar

law- general /
codified legislation- adopted by legislature
community legislation= legislatia comunitara
election legislation= legislatie electorala
statute –statutul- written laws ,passed by parliament/based on legal precedence

Accused- acuzatul(only in criminal cases; in civil cases we use defendent: formally charged
but not yet tried for committing a crime; the person who has been charged may also be called
the defendant.
Accused= acuzat / persoane acuzate – only in criminal cases
defendent= pârâtul – in civil cases

Crimes-
misdemenours- delict
felony – infractiune
acquitted – a fi achitat, a achita

Acquittal= achitare : a judgment of court, based on the decision of either a jury or a judge,
that a person accused is not guilty of the crime for which he has been tried.

ADA: Assistant district attorney( prosecutors at various levels). An assistant district attorney
works for the elected District Attorney. An ADA will review and prosecute
cases as assigned. ADA's meet with law enforcement, witnesses, and
victims. They generally have authority to dispose of those cases assigned to them.
ADA=procuror general adjunct/ adjunct al Procurorului General
Assistant attorney= asistenul procurorului general
District court attorney= avocat al tribunalului districtual
elected district attorney=
Attorney general=procuror general

Head of department of justice= Seful/ Presedintele departamentului de Justitie

ministru al justitiei, represent executiv

judiciary is represented by the court

Adjournment= amanare : putting off or postponing business or a session of

court until another time or place.
Adjourn- suspenda/ amana

Adjudication( decizie/ hotarare judecatoreasca) the judicial decision that ends a criminal
proceedingby a judgment of acquittal, conviction, or dismissal of the case.
Adjudication= pronuntarea unei hotarari/ judecata
Affidavit: a written statement that the writer swears is true.
Swear- under oath
declare- statement has the legal force of a swear , declaratie prin care asum raspunderea
Affidavit=declaratie sub juramant/ depozitie sub juramant/ declaratie pe propria raspundere

Aggravating factors( circumstante agravante; mitigated circumstance= circumstante

atentuante): factors that make a crime worse than most similar crimes. Aggravating factors are
often defined by law and include such things as: victim very old, gang related, done for
hire, especially cruel, defendant does not support his family, or took
advantage of a position of trust.
Aggravating factors= factori agravanti/ circumstante agravante
Mititgated factors=factori atenuanti/ factori de atenuare

Aggravated range: When a person is sentenced, this indicates a sentence that is more severe
than the “presumed” sentence for a given crime. A defendant may receive more time if the
judge finds aggravating factors. If no aggravating factors are found, the
sentence will come from either the “presumptive” or “mitigated” range.
Aggravated range=(circumstante) deosebit de grav/ agravat
Aggravated assault= atac deosebit de grav
presumptive range = prezumtiv/ criterii de prezumptie
mitigated range= factori atenuanti/ caz atenuant

Alleged: said to be true, but not yet proven to be true; until the trial is over, the crime may be
called the “alleged crime.”
alleged= presupus
alleged con man= presupus infractor

Appeal( a face apel- a face recurs- a contesta hotararea judecatoaresaca la Curtea de Apel): a
request by either the defense or the prosecution that a higher court review the results of a
decision on certain motions or in a completed trial. This can be an appeal from superior court
to an appeals court, or an appeal from district court to superior court for a
trial.
Appeal =recurs, a face apel- a face recurs- a contesta hotararea judecatoaresaca la Curtea de
Apel
 appellant=recurentul
 judgment under appeal= hotararea atacata

Arraignment: to bring a prisoner before a judge to ask how he pleads to the charges against
him.
Arraignment= punerea sub acuzare/ trimiterea in judecata/ audiere
to enter a plea= pledezi vinovat sau nevinovat/ a recunoaste sau nu fapta

Arrest warrant( mandat de arestare): A written order issued by the District court or
magistrate including a statement of the crime of which the person to
be arrested is accused, and directing that the person be arrested and
held to answer the accusation before a magistrate( magistrati) or other judge.
Arrest warrant=mandat de arestare
Judges vs justice of the peace ( representatives of the king- peace of the king is respected, had
the role of magistrates- without legal training)
in Romania: judecatori si magistrati sunt toti numiti “magistrati”

Assailant( agresor): person identified as the attacker.

Assault on the person of the law=Ultraj
assault= verbally and physically
assailant= agresor/atacator
assault in the first degree=ultraj agravant

An assault is committed when someone “engages in conduct which places another in

reasonable apprehension of receiving a battery.” It’s a threat—real or implied—of a battery,
or a battery in progress.
A battery occurs when one “causes bodily harm" to a person. Or when someone“makes
physical contact of an insulting or provoking nature with an individual.” To be criminal, the
person must act “intentionally or knowingly without legal justification.”
The intent is key for a battery. You can’t batter a person on accident. Or, as Justice Holmes
put it, “even a dog distinguishes between being stumbled over and being kicked.”

Bail( eliberare pe cautiune): an amount of money set by the court that allows a person
charged with a crime to be released from custody. The purpose of bail
is to insure that the offender will return to court.
Bail= eliberare pe cautiune / obligatiuni pe cautiune

Bailiff( aprod/ executor judecatoresc- gardian sau executor): a uniformed officer who keeps
order in the courtroom.

Bailiff= executor judecatoresc

În Statele Unite, executorul judecătoresc nu este de obicei un titlu oficial, deși acest lucru depinde de
fiecare stat. Mai degrabă, este un termen colocvial folosit pentru a se referi la un ofițer de
instanță. Mai multe titluri oficiale pentru această funcție ar fi deputați de șerif, mareșali, grefieri,
ofițer de corecții sau polițiști. 

APROD persoana ce îndeplinește funcţii administrative la instanţele de judecată, aduce la îndeplinire

dispoziţiile instanţei în legătură cu păstrarea ordinii și a solemnităţii dezbaterilor

EXECUTORUL JUDECĂTORESC Așa cum îi spune și numele, acesta este un organ de executare
căruia îi revine grija aducerii la îndeplinire a unei obligații dintr-un titlu executoriu. De asemenea, el
poate constata anumite situații de fapt, pentru a asigura existența unei probe

Bench(= the judge, or more judges, : how the judge is sometimes referred to as in “the
bench;” alsowhere the judge sits during the proceedings.

Bench= prezidiu
to approach the bench= a veni la prezidiu
Subpoena= under punishment; paper requiring smb to appear before court
subpeona= citatie
Urmează să primești o citație pentru prezentarea la organul de cercetare penală (poliție /
parchet), sau la instanță

Bench warrant: an order issued by a judge to bring to court an

accused person who has been released before trial and does not
return to court when ordered to do so; or a witness who has failed to
appear when ordered to do so.
Bench warrant= mandat de aducere
MANDAT DE ADUCERE mijloc procedural constând într-un ordin dat de organul de
urmărire penală sau de instanţa de judecată prin care se realizează aducerea în faţa acestora
a unei persoane, a cărei ascultare sau prezenţă este necesară, dacă această persoană, fiind
anterior chemată prin citaţie, nu s-a prezentat

Beyond a reasonable doubt= cu un grad de certitudine rezonabil /, dincolo de orice îndoială/ cu

siguranta absoluta/in afara oricarui dubio
: the degree of proof needed for a jury or judge to convict an accused person of a crime.

Bond: in criminal court, a term meaning the same thing as “bail;”

generally a certificate or evidence of a debt.
Bond= cautiune

Bond Forfeiture +a hearing to determine if the bond on a defendant is to be forfeited after a

defendant fails to show for court. Forfeited bond money goes to the public schools.
Bond Forfeiture:= Audiere pentru retinerea cautiunii

Bondsman: (also Bail Bondsman) a licensed person or person

working for a licensed company, who will post bond for a defendant
upon payment of a fee. The fee is generally fifteen per cent (15%) of
the bond.
Bondsman: (also Bail Bondsman)=Agenții de obligațiuni pe cauțiune

Booking: an official police record of the arrest of a person accused

of committing a crime which identifies the accused, the time and
place of arrest, the arresting authority, and the reason for the arrest.
Booking= dosar

Calendar: a document listing cases for hearing before a court.

Calendars may be for district court, superior court, motions,
forfeitures, criminal docket management, plea, or trials.

Calender= agenda tribunalului

Capital Case: This is a first-degree murder case in which the jury

can impose either a life sentence or the death penalty. If a person is
guilty of first-degree murder and there are any statutory
aggravating factors then the State has to seek the death penalty.
Capital case= caz capital
first degree murder= crima de gradul I

Charge: the formal accusation filed by the prosecutor’s office that a

specific person has committed a specific crime; the filing may be
called “pressing charges.”
charge= acuzatii

Clerk of Court: an officer of a court of justice who has charge of

the clerical part of its business -- who keeps its records and seal, issues
process, enters judgments and orders, gives certified copies from the
records, et cetera.
Clerk of Court= grefier

Commitment: the warrant or order by which a court or magistrate

directs an officer to take a person to prison.
Commitment=  Punerea în executare a hotărârilor penale

Complaint: a term in civil cases that signifies a filing of a suit. In

criminal court, the complaint is the reporting of a crime to
authorities.
Complaint= plângere-civil
Complaint = Denunțul

Concurrent sentence: running together; when two or more sentences are served at the same
time. Opposite of consecutive sentence.
Concurrent sentence= sentinte concomitente
consecutive sentence= sentinte cumulative

Consecutive sentence: successive; succeeding one another in

regular order; one sentence beginning at the completion of another.

Continuance: postponement of a court hearing; putting it off until

another day.
Continuance= "amânare

Criminal Court: a court that hears cases concerned with the

alleged violation of criminal law.
Criminal court= tribunal penal/ instanta penala

Criminal Justice System: the government agencies charged with

law enforcement, prosecution of alleged violations of the criminal
law, the court hearing of charges against the accused, and the
punishment and supervision of those convicted.

Criminal justice system= sistemul judiciar penal / sistem de justitie penal

Criminal Law: the law whose violation is considered an offense
against the state and is punishable upon conviction by imprisonment
and other penalties for adult offenders and by action of a juvenile
court for juvenile offenders.
Criminal Law= drept penal

Cross examination( interogare): the examination of a witness by the party

opposed to the one who produced him during a trial or hearing, or
upon taking a deposition.
Cross- examination= interogatoriu

DA- District attorney : Commonly refers to an attorney for the community elected by
the people in his district to represent the interests of the general
public, including crime victims, in court proceedings against people
accused of committing crimes. Other jurisdictions use other terms:
prosecutor, such as U.S. Attorney (a federal prosecutor), solicitor, or
state’s attorney.
District attorney= procuror al tribunalului districtual/ avocat districtual / procuror federal

Defendant( acuzat): a person who has been formally charged with

committing a crime; the person accused of a crime.
Defendent= pârâtul este institutie sau persoana privata( proces civil)
defendant = paratul se numeste inculpat in timpul urmaririi si judecatii penale (proces
penal)- persoana împotriva căreia s-a pus în mișcare acțiunea penală
defendent= acuzat cand s-a pronuntat trimiterea in judecata - (proc. pen.) - este persoana invinuita de
savarsirea unor fapte penale de o anumita gravitate, numite crime. El este considerat parte principala in procesul penal.

Defense Attorney( avocatul apararii): the lawyer who represents the defendant in
legal proceedings. Victims are usually not required to speak with defense attorneys except in
court, but may do so if they choose.
Defense Attorney= avocat al apararii

Deferred sentence( sentinta suspendata- sentinta cu suspendare): defendant enters a guilty

plea, receives probation for a certain amount of time, and gives up the right to
trial. The DA dismisses the case if the probation is completed successfully.
Deferred sentence= cand nu este necesara efectuarea / executarea pedepsei – sentinta cu
suspendare
guilty plea= pledare de vinovatie/ vinovat
probation= eliberare conditionata/ inchisoare cu suspendare

Direct examination= the first interrogation or examination of a

witness during trial by the party on whose behalf he is called.
Direct examination= examinare directa

Discovery: Process by which the DA provides to a Defense Attorney

information gathered during the investigation of a felony; the
ascertainment of that which was previously unknown.

Discovery= aprecierea probelor

Dismissal( hotarare judecatoareasca/ recurs): a decision by the prosecutor or other judicial
officer to end a case for legal or other reasons.
Dismissal= incetarea procesului penal

Disposition: the final judicial decision which ends a criminal

proceeding by a judgment of acquittal or dismissal, or which states
the sentence if the accused is convicted.
Disposition= sentinta / hotararea judecatoreasca

District Attorney: Commonly refers to an official elected by the

people of the community in his/her district to represent the interests
of the general public, including crime victims, in court proceedings
against people accused of committing crimes. Some jurisdictions use
other terms: such as prosecutor, U.S. Attorney (a federal prosecutor),
solicitor, or state’s attorney.
District Attorney= procuror/ avocatul districtului / procuror general

District Attorney’s Report: A report that is prepared by law

enforcement in felony cases to inform the District Attorney what the
facts are in a case. This is also known as a “felony report.”
District Attorney’s Report= raportul procurorului general

District court: where misdemeanor cases are heard concerning

the violation of state statutes.
District court = tribunal districtual/ regional

Double jeopardy: putting a person on trial more than once for the
same offense; double jeopardy is forbidden by the U.S. Constitution.
Double jeopardy= principiuli „non bis in idem” und nu poti fi acuzat de aceasi fapta de 2 ori

Electronic House Arrest(arest la domiciliu): Defendants are placed on supervised probation

and monitored electronically twenty-four hours a day.
Defendants on this program must remain in their homes when not at
their employment or receiving treatment. A response team responds
to violations twenty-four hours a day.
Electronic House Arrest= arest la domiciliu

Endorsement of witnesses: all prosecution witnesses must be

named.
Endorsement of witnesses= numirea martorilor / prezentarea martorilor

Enhanced Intensive Probation: Intensive probation with the

added requirement of electronic monitoring of the defendant similar
to that used in electronic house arrest.
Enhanced Intensive Probation=supraveghere intensiva

Exculpatory(exonerare/disculpa exculpare- to clear smb from smth): clearing or tending to

clear from alleged fault or guilt.
Exculpatory= exonerare
Ex parte: on one side only, done for one party.

Expert witness( martor): Woman/man of a science educated in the art, or

persons possessing special or peculiar knowledge acquired from
practical experience.

Extradition( extradare): the surrender by one state to another of an individual

accused or convicted of an offense outside its own territory and within
the territorial jurisdiction of the other.

Evidence( singural noun, pieces of evidence/proba, dovada): testimony and objects used to
prove statements made by
the victim and the accused.

Failure to appear (FTA/ absenta/ caz de neprezentare/ mandat de neprezentare):

defendant does not appear for court,
order for arrest is issued.

Felony( crima): a crime of graver or more atrocious nature than those

designated as misdemeanors, carrying more potential jail time for an
offender.

Fugitive( fugar): one who flees or escapes from some duty or penalty.

Grand Jury( marele juriu): a grand jury is composed of eighteen citizens meet in
felony cases to determine whether a crime probably occurred and whether the defendant
probably committed the crime. If twelve of
the eighteen jurors, agree then they return a true bill of indictment.
The office of the District Attorney prepares indictments.
Bill of indictment= nota de rechizitoriu/ inculpare/ acuzare

Hung jury(juriu care nu a ajuns la un acord majoritar) : a jury whose members cannot
agree whether the
accused is guilty or not; mistrial.

Impeach(procedura de punere sub acuzare/ suspendare): to discredit the truthfulness of a

witness.

Indictment( punere sub acuzare/ act de punere sub acuzare): a formal written accusation,
made by a grand jury after submission by the prosecutor and filed in a court, alleging that
a specific person committed a specific crime. The office of the District
Attorney prepares indictments.

Indigent( reclamant cu situatia financiara precara): an accused person who has been found
by the court to be too poor to pay for his/her own attorney.
Infraction(contraventie): minor violations of the law that do not rise to the level
of misdemeanor. Driving offense make up the bulk of charges
designated as infractions.

Innocent(persoana nevinovata): free from guilt; free from legal fault. This should not be
confused with the term “not guilty.” Not guilty is a verdict by a judge
or a jury that a person accused of a crime did not commit it or that
there is not enough evidence to prove beyond a reasonable doubt ( un grad de certitudine
rezonabil/ dincolo de orice îndoială/cu un grad de certitudine suficient/cu siguranţă absolută.  )that the
accused committed the crime.

Intensive Probation(eliberare conditionata): Defendants are on supervised probation,

have curfews( interdictie de circulatie), and see probation officer at least once a week.
Probation oficer= ofiter de probatiune

Investigation( ancheta/investigatie): the gathering of evidence by law-enforcement

officials (and in some cases prosecutors) for presentation to a grand
jury or in a court, to prove that the accused did commit the crime.

Jail( inchisoare): a confinement facility. Technically, a jail is administered by a

local law-enforcement agency for adults and sometimes juveniles
who have been accused of committing a crime but whose trials are
not yet over, and persons who have been convicted and sentenced to imprisonment for one
year or less.

Judge(judecator): a judicial officer who has been elected or appointed to

preside over a court of law.

Judgment( hotarare judecatoreasca): a court’s final determination of the rights and

obligations of the parties in a case. This may be in answer to a motion
or trial.

Jury(juriu): a group of citizens who decide whether the accused is guilty or

not. They are selected by law and sworn to determine certain facts by
listening to testimony in order to reach a decision as to guilt or
innocence.

Jury selection( alegerea juriuliu): the process by which the judge, the prosecutor, and
the defense attorney screen citizens who have been called to jury
duty to determine if they will hear the evidence and decide guilt or
innocence in a particular trial.

Juvenile( minor): a person accused of an offense who is too young at the time
of the alleged offense to be subject to criminal court proceedings as
an adult and is therefore handled in the juvenile justice system.

Magistrate( judecator de instructie/ magistrat): person who can issue warrants when a
person is accusedof a crime. The are clothed with power as a public civil officer and
have additional duties such as setting bond, hearing small claims,
and accepting payment for certain infractions and misdemeanors.

Misdemeanor( delict/ infractiune minora ): offenses lower than felonies and generally those
punishable by fine or imprisonment otherwise than in penitentiary.
These crimes are generally punishable by no more than 150 days in
jail.
Mitigating Factor( factor atenuant/ circumstanțe atenuante.  ): a factor that make a crime less
deserving of punishment than most similar crimes. Mitigating factors are often
defined by law and include such things as: defendant was very
young; the person was honorably discharged from the armed forces, et cetera.

Not guilty ( nevinovat): a verdict by a judge or a jury that a person accused of a

crime did not commit it or that there is not enough evidence to prove
beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused committed the crime.

Not guilty plea( a pleda nevinovat): a formal response by a person accused of

committing a specific crime in which the accused says that the
charges are not true and he did not commit the crime.

Notice: a written order to appear in court at a certain time and

place.
Notice= citatie

Offender( contravenient): an adult who has been convicted of a crime.

Offense( contraventie ): a crime; technically, in some jurisdictions, only the most

minor crimes are called offenses.

Opening statement( declaratie de deschidere) : an outline of anticipated proof. Its purpose

is
to advise the jury prior to testimony of the facts relied upon and of
issues involved; and to give the jury a general picture of the facts and
the situations so that the jury will be able to understand the
evidence.

Order of Arrest( ordin de arestare): an order for the arrest of a defendant following
the filing of charges or failure to appear when required by the court.

Parole( eliberare conditionata): the conditional release of a convicted offender from a

confinement facility before the end of his sentence with requirements
for the offender’s behavior set and supervised by a parole agency.

Penitentiary( pentitenciar): a state or federal prison.

Perjury( sperjur- declaratie mincinoasa sub juramant): deliberate false testimony under
oath involving a material
fact.

Perpetrator( faptasul, faptuitorul/ infractorul/ autorul crimei): a person who actually

commits a crime.

Personal recognizance(pe proprie răspundere.): the promise of an accused person to thecourt

that he will return to court when ordered to do so; given in
exchange for release before and during his trial.
Petition( petitie): a document filed in juvenile court alleging that a juvenile
should come under the jurisdiction of the juvenile court for some
offense or asking that the juvenile be transferred to criminal court for
prosecution as an adult.

Plea(argument/ motiv/: a defendant’s formal answer in court to the charge that he has
committed a crime. Some possible pleas include: guilty, not guilty, no
contest, or not guilty by reason of insanity.

Plea bargain (agreement/ recunoastere a vinovatiei)): a plea agreed to by a defendant and

the prosecutor; a negotiated plea that may set out exact terms
relating to punishment and disposition of a case.

Pre-sentence investigation (PSI)( anchetare preliminara/ audiere preliminara): report

compiled by the
Probation Department after plea and before sentencing to make
sentencing recommendations to the judge.

Probation( eliberare conditionata/ eliberarer sub supraveghere): conditional freedom

granted to an offender by the court after conviction or guilty plea with requirements for the
offender’s behavior set and supervised by the court.

Probation hearing( audiere pt eliberare conditionata): a hearing before a judge to review

the performance of a defendant while on probation. Hearings are not
generally held unless a probationer has violated some term of their
probationary sentence.

Prosecutor( procuror): an attorney for the community elected by the voters

of a district to represent the interests of the general public, including
crime victims, in court proceedings against people accused of
committing crimes. Some jurisdictions use other terms for the
prosecutor, such as U.S. Attorney (a federal prosecutor), district
attorney, or state’s attorney.
A prosecutor is a legal officer who represents the state or federal government in criminal
proceedings. In the United States, only a government entity can bring criminal charges
against an accused. The attorney who represents the state or federal government is the
prosecutor.

Public defender(Avocat din oficiu ): an attorney employed by a government agency to

represent defendants who are unable to hire private counsel.

Remand(măsură privativă de libertate /arest preventiv. /perioadelor de arestare preventivă /arest

preventiv): to send back to a lower court. Typically refers to a situation where a Defendant in
Superior Court asks to return a misdemeanor conviction to District Court for compliance with
the
judgment of that court.

Restitution( despagubiri): State law allows the prosecutor to request restitution

(repayment for the victim’s losses) as part of the sentence of any
defendant who is found guilty of a crime. Reimbursable( rembursabile) losses include
out-of-pocket expenses (such as repair costs, medical bills, and stolen
property) which have not previously been covered.

Retainer( onorariu): the fee a defendant pays for an attorney to represent

him.

Rights of the defendant(drepturile acuzatului): the powers and privileges which are
constitutionally guaranteed to any person arrested and accused of
committing a crime including: the right to remain silent; the right to
an attorney at all stages of the proceedings; the right to a courtappointed attorney if the
defendant does not have the financial
means to hire her/his own counsel(avocat: sfat); the right to release on reasonable
bail; the right to a speedy public trial before a jury or judge- la un proces echitabil și rapid; the
right to the process of the court to subpoena and produce witnesses;
the right to see, hear and question the witnesses during the trial; and
the right not to incriminate himself/herself.
Search warrant( mandat de perchezitie): an order in writing, issued by a judge or
magistrate, in the name of the state, directed to a sheriff, or other
officer, commanding him to search a specific house, shop, or other
premises, for specific property related to a crime.

Statute( lege/ statut): an act of the legislature declaring, commanding, or

prohibiting something. A law.

Subpoena(citatie ca martor): a court paper requesting the appearance of a witness or

documents to be present at a court proceeding.
Summons(citatie/ Summon e trimisa doar paratului / ca acuzat)) : a citation requiring a
defendant( paratului) to appear in court to answer a suit to which has been brought against
him.

Superior court( Curtea Superioara/ Tribunalul superior): where most felony cases are
heard concerning
violation of state statutes.

Supreme court( Curtea Supremă ): a court of higher powers and extensive

jurisdiction; our state has supreme court and the United States has a
Supreme Court.

Suspect( suspect): a person who is believed by criminal justice officials to be

one who may have committed a specific crime, but who has not been
arrested or formally charged. Once arrested a suspect is called a
defendant.

Testimony( marturie/ sa afirm solemn): statements made in court by people who have sworn
or affirmed to tell the truth( sa afirm solemn).

Transcript(transcriere): In court it is a verbatim writing of what was said in

court during a trial, or a paper writing setting out terms of a plea
taken from a defendant. Also a copy of an original writing or deed.
Court reporter= grefier

Trial( judecata): an examination of issues of fact and law before a judge and
sometimes a jury at which evidence is presented to determine
whether or not the accused person is guilty of committing a specific
crime.

Traffic Court( instanta de trafic/ tribunal de trafic): an administrative court that hears only
traffic
matters, usually uncontested.

U.S. Attorney- Procurorului General : a federal prosecutor.

Venue( locatie): a neighborhood, place, or county in which an injury or crime
was done; or where a hearing/trial is held.

Verdict( verdictul): the decision of a judge or jury at the end of a trial that the
accused defendant is either guilty or not guilty.

Victim Compensation Program(program de acordare a despagubirilor): a program of the

state designedto provide compensation to victims of certain crimes for their
damages and expenses. Initial application for funds is generally
made through the office of the District Attorney through the use
victim impact statements.

Victim Impact Statement( declaratia de impact): a form provided to allow victims of

crime to provide the court with their comments about the impact the
crime had on them.

Victim Witness Assistant: Employees of the District Attorney's

Office that are assigned to provide information and assistance to the
victims of crime. They act as liaison between the victim and the
Assistant District Attorney assigned to a case.

Waiver- acord de renunțare, exceptare : the intentional or voluntary relinquishment of a known

right.

Warrant( mandat): see arrest warrant and bench warrant.

Witness( martor): a person who has directly seen an event, such as a crime or
who has other knowledge that is related to a court case; or some
thing, such as a piece of physical evidence.

Writ of execution( mandat de executare): a writ to put in force the judgment of decree of a
court