GET Training

by
Sridhar Dhanapal
Contents

1. Introduction

2. Block Flow Diagram (BFD)

3. Process Flow Diagram (PFD)

4. Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)

5. Heat and Mass Balance

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1. Introduction
In this training, GETs will be able to acquire basic knowledge of reading, interpreting and conceptual
understanding of the following:

1. Block Flow Diagram (BFD)

 A drawing of a chemical processes used to simplify and understand the basic structure of a
system

2. Process Flow Diagram (PFD)

 A diagram commonly used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow
of plant processes and equipment

3. Piping & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)

 A detailed diagram in the process industry which shows the piping and process equipment
together with the instrumentation and control devices

4. Heat and Mass Balance

 Represents every process stream on the corresponding PFD in terms of the process
conditions
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2. Block Flow Diagram (BFD)
Block Flow Diagram (BFD)
1. Simple flow sheet to identify only
the feed and product streams
2. Input-output diagrams (not
detailed) helpful in early stages
of process development,
complete process understanding
of the Unit or Industry
3. Flow of raw materials and
products
4. Processes are described as basic
functional elements such as
reaction and separation sections
5. To identify recycle streams and
additional unit operations to
achieve the desired operating
conditions
Block Flow Diagram for the Production of Benzene
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2. Block Flow Diagram (BFD)

Example 2: On going project

Example 1: Refinery process

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3. Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
1. Flow rate streams (Continuous or batch)
2. Composition streams
3. Operating conditions (Pressure,
Temperature, Concentration etc.)
4. Heat added or removed
5. Flows of utilities such as stream, cooling
water, brine, hot oil, chilled water,
thermal fluids etc.
6. Major equipment symbols (Equipment
Specifications, Identification)

Typical PFD for Sour Water

6 Stripper Column
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 3. Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
Process Unit Symbols

Heat exchanger Water cooler Steam heater Cooling coil Heater coil Centrifugal pump

Turbine type
compressor Pressure gauge Stripper
Absorber Distillation
7 column Liquid mixer
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 3. Process Flow Diagram (PFD)

Reaction chamber Horizontal tank or cylinder

Boiler Centrifuge

Gate Valve Globe Valve Check Valve Butterfly Valve

Ball Valve

Relief Valve Needle Valve 3-way Valve Angle Valve

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3. Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
 Example

Equipment
numbers and
details

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 PFD
Example

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4. Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
(P&ID)
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
(P&ID)

1. Also known as Process &

Instrumentation Diagram

2. Detailed graphical representation of a

process including the hardware and

software (i.e. piping, equipment, and

instrumentation)

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 Example

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 Basic Loop Example

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P & ID of this
equipment is
illustrated in
Next slide

EXAMPLE 15

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EXAMPLE 16

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5. Heat and Mass balance

1. Normal operating temperature and pressure.

2. Normal volumetric or mass flow rate. If multiple phases are involved, flow rate for each phase should be reported.
3. Density at normal operating temperature and pressure conditions. If the stream has multiple phases, density for
every phase should be reported along with the overall density.
4. Viscosity for each phase in the stream should be separately reported.
5. If gases are present, vapor fraction should be reported.
6. Specific heat ratio Cp/Cv and compressibility factor should be reported for gaseous phase.
7. Molecular weight for each should be reported separately.
8. Enthalpy flow for each stream is also reported sometimes in KJ/hr.
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 Address Get In Touch
Elixir Engineering Tel +968 24228850
Plot no.255, PO Box 1427, rajasekar.pm@elixirengineering.om
Bait Al Sawari Tower, 3rd Floor info@elixirengineering.om
Unit no.33, Ghala Area,
P.C 130, Muscat, Oman

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