CONSTRUCTION

MATERIALS AND TESTING

WEEK 1: LESSON 1
INTRODUCTION
C O N S T R U C T I O N M AT E R I A L S
AND TESTING
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Construction Materials
- is any material that is used for construction
- the success of a construction project also lies on
the materials used especially when the materials
are tested against time.
- the durability of the materials is one of the relevant
factors to be considered.

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Construction Materials
manufactured naturally occurring
products materials
such cement, rebars,
such as stone, timber, sand,
pipes, tiles, ceramics,
rock, soil, etc.
glass, paints, etc.

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Materials Testing
- is performed for a variety of
reasons and can provide a
wealth of information about the
tested materials, prototypes or
product samples. The data
collected during testing and the
final test results can be very
useful to engineers, designers,
production managers and
others.

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Reasons why material testing is
important
1. Meeting requirements of regulatory agencies
2. Selecting appropriate materials and
treatments for an application
3. Evaluating product design or improvement
specifications
4. Verifying a production process

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Factors Determining the Choice of Proper

Material for a Structure

A. Strength, Rigidity & Durability Requirements

1. Permanent loading → Creep Strength
(Creep strength is the maximum stress endured by a material for
a specific period of time without extreme deformation.)
2. Repeated loading → Fatique Strength
(Fatigue strength is the highest stress that a material can
withstand for a given number of cycles without breaking)

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Factors Determining the Choice of Proper Material
for a Structure

A. Strength, Rigidity & Durability Requirements

3. Impact loading → Toughness & Resilience
(Toughness is the property due to which the material can
withstand impact loading without fracture . Resilience is the
property due to which a material can store energy without
having permanent deformation)
4. Surface loading → Hardness & Resistance to abrasion
(Hardness is measured by poking a point into the test material
and measuring depth of penetration. Abrasion resistance is
measured by rubbing something against the test material and
measuring how much material is removed)
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Factors Determining the Choice of Proper Material
for a Structure

B. Environmental Requirements
1. Temperature Change→ coefficient of thermal
conductivity
(The thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of its
ability to conduct heat)
2. Moisture movement → permeability
(Permeability is defined as the volume of a fluid of unit viscosity
passing through a unit cross section of the medium in unit time
under the action of a unit pressure gradient)

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Factors Determining the Choice of Proper Material
for a Structure

B. Environmental Requirements
3. Chemical effects → chemical composition
(Chemical reaction, a process in which one or more substances,
the reactants, are converted to one or more different
substances, the products)

Prepared by: Dr. KVS Caingles and Engr. RC Galdo, M.Eng

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Factors Determining the Choice of Proper Material
for a Structure

C. Economy

Choose the cheaper & available materials considering:

1. Initial cost
2. Useful life
3. Frequency of maintenance
4. Cost of maintenance
5. Salvage value
6. Comfortability

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LASSIFICATION OF
IVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS

1. According to their phases

2. According to their internal structure

& chemical composition

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1. According to their phases

A. GASES
Air,
Oxygen,
CO2

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1. According to their phases

B. LIQUIDS

Water,
Chemical Admixtures

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1. According to their phases

C. SEMI SOLIDS
Fresh pastes,
mortars,
asphalt

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1. According to their phases

D. METALS

All types of metals

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2. According to their internal structure & chemical composition

A. METALS (formed by metallic bonds)

Ferrous Non-Ferrous
(iron, cast iron, steel) (aluminum, copper, zinc, lead)

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2. According to their internal structure & chemical composition

B. POLYMERS : (long chains having molecules of C, H, O, N which are

formed by covalent bonding. The chains are bound to eachother either by covalent
bonds or Van der Waal’s forces.)

Natural Artificial
(rubber, asphalt, resins, wood) (plastic)

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2. According to their internal structure & chemical composition

C. CERAMICS : (mainly aluminosilicates formed by mixed bonding,

covalent and ionic)

Structural clay products Porcelains

(bricks, tiles, pipes)

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2. According to their internal structure & chemical composition

D. COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Natural Artificial
(agglemerates) (Portland cement, concrete))

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2. According to their internal structure & chemical composition

E. REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS

reinforced concrete,
reinforced plastics

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Determining the Properties
of Civil Engineering Materials
A. Laboratory Testing B. Field Testing

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Standardization Institutes

1. U.S. - American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

- American Association of State Highways and
Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
- American Concrete Institute (ACI)
2. Turkey - Turkish Standards Institute (TSE)
3. Europe - European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
4. Germany - Deutsche Institute Norm (DIN)
5. England - British Standards Institute (BSI)

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List of Accredited Testing Laboratories in DPWH-Region X, as of
July 2015
1. UNIVERSAL MULTI-TESTING SOLUTIONS, INC
(Address: Unit 9-A Ground Floor NEO-Central Arcade, Cugman
Highway, Cagayan de Oro City)
2. UKC BUILDERS INC/TECHNOSTRESS SYSTEMS CORP.
(Address: Tablon, Cagayan de Oro City)
3. TESTLAB ENGINEERING & GEOTECH SERVICES
(Address: No. 131 Baconga St., Lapasan, Cagayan de Oro City)
4. MEGATESTING CENTER, INC
(Address: Door 101 Tres Montanas, Business Complex Jr. Borja Ext.
Gusa, Cagayan de Oro City)
5. LYL DEVELOPMENT CORP. MTQCS
(Address: LYLDC Compound, Baloy, Tablon, Cagayan de Oro City)
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References:

Building Materials. August 1, 2020. Available: https://uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/

media/lectures/5/5_2018_03_11!09_59_44_PM.pdf

Construction Materials. August 22, 2020. Available: https://aybu.edu.tr/

muhendislik/insaat/contents/files/1_%20MATERIALS%20OF%20CONST
RUCTION.pdf

The Ultimate Guide to Construction Materials in the Philippines. August 2, 2020.

Available: https://reganindustrial.com/construction-materials-philippines/

Wayne, L. (2015). Civil Engineering Materials. Available: https://www.slideshare.

net/costmer/civil-engineering-materials-43984932

Prepared by: Dr. KVS Caingles and Engr. RC Galdo, M.Eng