First chapter: Theoretical information about solar power

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Second chapter: Calculation of solar power station with rated power 8 MW

2.1 Selection of Solar panel and inverters
2.2 Main type of transformers ….
2.3 Protection of solar power station from short circuit current
2.4 Selection of Cables and interrupters (breakers)
2.5
2.6 Economic calculations of project
Price of all elements that you use in creation of solar power station!!
Workers (what the price of their work)

Third chapter: Safety instruction

3.1 The with equipment of high voltage and big value of current
3.2

1 Transformer connect with wind turbin

Power Not less than power of Wind Turbin 2.5MW
(Low Voltage not less than Voltage of Turbin 650 V
High Voltage 11 kV)

Power of Big Transformer 3 *2.5 = 7.5 MW

(Low Voltage 11 kV and High Voltage 11 kV)

Steps of calculation for solar power station

1. Define the power of solar power station (in MW) and orientation of solar panels (fixed at angle or with
tracker system)
2. Choose the Solar Panel Types
Characteristics of solar panel (table)
Name of solar panel https://news.energysage.com/types-of-solar-panels/
Characteristic The value of the characteristic (for example)
Model type Monocrystalline of policrystalline
Maximum Power (Pmax): 560 Wp
Voltage at Maximum Power (Vmpp).In 42 V
Current at Maximum Power (Impp).In 13.35 A
Open Circuit Voltage (Voc): 50.2 V
Short Circuit Current (Isc): 14.12 A
Panel Efficiency : 21.73 %
Panel Dimension (H/W/D) : 2274x1133x35 mm
Weight : 30.2 kg
Cell Number : 120
junction Box Protection Class : IP 68
PICTURE OF SOLAR PANEL!!!

These panels have to be connected in series and parallel to one inverter which transform direct current into
alternating
Connection of panels in series gives total value of voltage (defined by inverter voltage)
Connection of lines (with panels in series) in parallel gives total value of current (defined by inverter current)
3. Determine the number of panels that will be used in station
PowerOfStation 8000000
N= = =14285 pcs
PowerOfSolarPanel 560
4. Selection of inverter type (3 phase inverter) with its main characteristic
Search in Google – tables of data for inverters
https://www.cclsolar.eu/solar/grid-tied-solar-inverters?gclid=CjwKCAjwv-
GUBhAzEiwASUMm4nrydCNK6zzDUPA2gDfAAEKo85bnhngCccU_kvH1RBxwwCz0FugUOxoCZCQQAvD_BwE

Characteristic The value of the characteristic (for example)

Frequency: 50Hz
Rated voltage: 480V
Rated current: 417A
Rated output power: 200kW
Efficiency: 93%
Size (D*W*H) 1000*1200*1800mm

5. According to value of inverter rated voltage and solar panel voltage the calculate of quantity of solar panel
were carried out by means of equation
InverterRatedVoltage 480[V ]
N ( SolarPanelInSeries) = = = 11 (but total value of voltage for these
SolarPanelVoltage 42[V ]
11 solar panel = 11*42 = 462 V at maximum)
According to value of inverter rated current and solar panel current the calculate of quantity of solar panel
were carried out by means of equation
I InverterRated 417[ A]
N ( SolarPanelInParallel ) = = = 31 (but total value of current for these 31 solar
I SolarPanel 13.35[ A]
panel = 31*13.35 = 413.85 A at maximum)
6. Calculate the total power of one module
P = VTotalValueOf11SolarPanelsInSeries* ITotalValueO31SolarPanelInParallel= 462*413.85 = 191198.7 VA
7. Calculate the full quantity of solar panels in one module that connected to one inverter
N1module = NSsolarPanelInSeries* NSsolarPanelInParallel= 11*31 = 341 pcs

Value of Power for 341 solar elements is equal (341*560 = 190960 W or 190.96 kW)
8. Fined out the quantity of modules
Nmodules=N / N1module = 14285 / 341 = 41 pcs
Better to choose the quantity of modules, for example, 40 pcs
9. Define the type of transformer (11 / 0.4) to which inverters will be connected.
The value of transformer low voltage defined by the value of inverter rated voltage
The quantity of inverters should by defined by the power of transformer.
If the power of transformer equal 800 kVA then the quantity of inverters (with power 200kW) will be equal
4 pcs (800 / 200 = 4 pcs).

10. Fined out the quantity of transformers

The quantity of transformers defined with the help of the next equation
N mod ules
N transf 0.4to11 = ;
Ptransfomer / Pinverter
40
For example: = 10 pcs of transformers (11 / 0.4)
800 / 200
11.The quantity of transformers that transform voltage from low value of voltage equal to 11 kV to high 66 kV
This quantity defined by the power of appropriate transformer type (66/11)!
If the power of such transformer 4000 kVA then the quantity of transformers calculated by means of equation
Ptrans11to 66 4000
N transf 11to 66 = = = 5 pcs of transformers (66/11)
Ptransf 0.4to11 800

12. Calculation of current. In different places of station where we use cables the value of
current varies. When connection of lines is Y/Y then current calculated by means of the next
equation
S
I= ;
3U LV
For example,
The current between 1 inverter and 1transformer with power 800kVA and ULV=0.4 kV (11/0.4)
800
I= = 1154.71 A
3 ⋅ 0.4
The current between 1 transformer with power 4000 kW and ULV=11 kV (66/11)
4000
I= = 209.95 A
3 ⋅ 11
After obtaining the value of different current, the cables must be chosen (my means of current value).
The material of cable basically used (especially on big distances) aluminum, but cupper also may used (on short
distances).
13. The protection units of solar power station (breakers etc.).
The choose of breakers type performed according to the value of short circuit current IK and stress (or
striking) current IS
Calculation of short circuit current and stress (or striking) current (ua: струм короткого замикання та
ударний струм)
Short circuit current calculated by means of relation
VHV
IK =
3 ⋅ (∑ R ) + (∑ X T )
2 2

where R – resistance of cables (it will be different in different places of station), X – resistance of transformer
Calculation of transformer resistance performe by menas of next relation
V (%)VHV 2
XT = K
100 STRated

Value of Vk(%) is a table parameter for transformer, as the values of VHV and STRated.
Calculation of cable resistance performe by menas of next relation
R = r0l
ρ
r0 =
F
where F – is a cross-section of chosen cable, ρ – nominal resistance of material (aluminum, cooper etc.), l –
length of cable.
The calculation of stress (or striking) current performed taking into account the value of calculated short
circuit current IK by means of such equation
I S = I K 1 + 2(k S − 1) 2
where kS – stress (or striking) coefficient that kS=1.2 … 1.3