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Group 2 - Experiment No. 5 Tensile Test

1. The experiment aims to understand tensile testing using a universal testing machine and evaluate the tensile strength, elongation, and strain of a corrugated steel bar. 2. A universal testing machine was used to apply tensile force to a 1m corrugated steel bar until failure. Its diameter was measured as 12.4mm, giving a cross-sectional area of 1.208cm^2. 3. Testing found the bar withstood a 4700kgf load before breaking, corresponding to a tensile strength of 389.193MPa. Its strain was 0.018 and elongation was 1.8%.

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98 views5 pages

Group 2 - Experiment No. 5 Tensile Test

1. The experiment aims to understand tensile testing using a universal testing machine and evaluate the tensile strength, elongation, and strain of a corrugated steel bar. 2. A universal testing machine was used to apply tensile force to a 1m corrugated steel bar until failure. Its diameter was measured as 12.4mm, giving a cross-sectional area of 1.208cm^2. 3. Testing found the bar withstood a 4700kgf load before breaking, corresponding to a tensile strength of 389.193MPa. Its strain was 0.018 and elongation was 1.8%.

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EXPERIMENT NO.

5
EXPERIMENT WITH UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE

GROUP NO.2

MEMBERS’ NAME:

Bartolome, Dominick C. Cabrela, Noe G.

Cataulin Carlos Luis Cepeda Sofia Margaret

Cajurao Noah B.

BSME 2F
COURSE & SECTION
MR. GONZALO SALVADOR JR. INSTRUCTOR

June 24, 2022


Experiment No. 5
TENSILE TEST

Objectives:

1. To understand the principle of tensile testing using the Universal Testing


Machine.
2. To evaluate the values of ultimate tensile strength, % elongation and strain of the
selected metal when subjected to uniaxial tensile loading.

Materials:

Corrugated deformed steel bar

Result and Discussions:

In choosing which materials to use, it is important to consider the tensile strength,


or the maximum stress that a material can bear before breaking when stretched or
pulled since often some materials or metals are brittle and are more likely to rupture. To
avoid this and ensure the success of a construction and safety of the workspace, the
engineer must use of a strong material that can withstand the strong tension. Therefore,
in order to know whether the chosen material is strong and ductile, it will have to be put
to the test.
Tensile testing or tension testing is a destructive process that enables engineers
to find the tensile strength of a material. It measures the force required to break a
specimen and the extent to which the specimen stretches or elongates to that breaking
point. An example of a tensile testing machine is the Universal Testing Machine where it
requires placing the specimen in the grips where one grip holds and the other pulls. This
machine has been named universal because of the wide range of tests it can perform
over different kind of materials (like peel test, flexural test, tension test, bend test,
friction test, spring test etc.).
Now for this experiment, the material is a corrugated deformed steel bar or
reinforced steel bar which comes with protruding ribs and straight strips, which helps to
strengthen the adhesion between concrete and steel bars and helps to create strong
pull between steel bars and cement. The engineering students will be using a universal
testing machine to collect information to get the tensile strength, the strain and the
percent elongation base. First, the length of the steel bar was measured to be 100 cm
or 1 m which will be considered its original length. Then, using a vernier caliper, the
diameter will also be measured to obtain the cross-sectional area of the bar. It has to be
measured three times due to its irregular diameter. After placing the bar in the grips and
starting the test, wait for it to break and collect data on the maximum load before
fracture.
Original Length = 1 m
Final Length = 1.018 m

Corrugated Deformed Steel Bar


Diameter (mm) Cross- Force Tensile Strain %
Sectional or Load Strength Elongation
Area
12.5 11.2 13.5 12.4 1.208 cm2 4700 kgf 389.193 0.018 1.8%
mm mm mm mm Mpa

Table 1: Measured and Computed Dimensions, Data, and Results of the Specimen

In the experiment, we gathered measured data of the corrugated steel bar


measuring the diameter three times, the first one measures 12.5 mm, the second trial
measures 11.2 mm, and the final one measures 13.5 mm. The final diameter is the
average of the three diameters and is used to find the cross-sectional area of 1.208 cm 2.
The measured load from the experiment is 4700 kg f before breaking and this value is
used to find the tensile strength of 389.193 megapascals. Finally, using the original and
final length measured, we get the value of 0.018 for the bar’s strain and its percent of
elongation of 1.8%.

Computations:
o Cross-Sectional Area
2
π D2 π (12.4 mm) 961
A = = x¿¿ = π
2500 = 1.20762821604 cm
2
4 4

o Tensile Strength

4700 kgf 1 Mpa


F x
TS = = kgf
π cm 2 10 2 = 389.192628788714 Mpa
961
A
2500 cm

o Strain
δ ∆L ( Lf −L0 ) ( 1.018−1 ) m
ɛ=
L0
= 1m
= = = 0.018
1m 1m

o % Elongation

( Lf −L0 ) ( 1.018−1 ) m
%δ= = x 100% = 1.8%
L0 1m

Conclusion:
The use of the Universal Testing Machine is very easy with only a few easy-to-follow
steps and is efficient in measuring the maximum load of the specimen to find the tensile
strength. Tensile testing in the UTM shows the ductility and strength of the corrugated deformed
steel bar and how much force it requires before it actually breaks.
The values for the tensile strength, strain, and percent elongation were easy to find once
the required measured values were attained. By following the formulas, it was easily found that
the corrugated steel bar has a tensile strength of 389.193 Mpa, a strain of 0.018, and 18% of
percent elongation.
A corrugated deformed steel is strong having more tensile strength and is therefore able
to handle more tensile stress. This is probably due to the fact that reinforcement bars are high
carbon steels and high carbon means high tensile strength which is why they are most preferred
to be used to reinforce and strengthen in constructions.
References:

FORCE (or load)


TENSILE STRENGTH =
AREA (cross-sectional area)

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