‫ﻧﻬﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪١٣٨٣‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ‪ -‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ‬

‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻧﺎ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻱ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺯﻧﺪ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﺪﭘﺴﺘﻲ ‪٧١٣٤٥‬‬
‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ‪ ،٠٧١١ – ٢٣٠٣٠٥١‬ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ‪yaghoub@shirazu.ac.ir‬‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺵ ﺣﻞ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻦ ﺩﻣﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ ‪ RNG k-ε‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ‪ ،‬ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫‪Ab‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬ ‫‪Af‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺮﻩ‬ ‫‪Au‬‬
‫ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )ﻣﺘﺮ(‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫‪J‬‬
‫(‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ )‬ ‫‪Cp‬‬
‫‪kgK‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪Gb‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﺍﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫‪Gk‬‬
‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﺮﻩ‬ ‫‪hf‬‬
‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﭘﺮﻩ‬ ‫‪h fo‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ‬ ‫‪k‬‬
‫ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪k1‬‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﻞ‬ ‫‪Pr‬‬
 ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﻞ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪Prt‬‬
‫ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻧﺤﻨﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫‪R‬‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻳﻨﻮﻟﺪﺯ‬ ‫‪Re‬‬
‫ﻧﺮﺥ ﺗﺎﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫‪S ij‬‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪T‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﺎﺯ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪u‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ‬ ‫‪up‬‬
‫ﻧﺮﺥ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫‪ε‬‬
‫‪kg‬‬
‫(‬ ‫ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ )‬ ‫‪µ‬‬
‫‪ms‬‬
‫‪kg‬‬
‫(‬ ‫ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ)‬ ‫‪µt‬‬
‫‪ms‬‬
‫‪kg‬‬
‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻫﻮﺍ ) ‪( 3‬‬ ‫‪ρ‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪kg‬‬
‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ ) ‪( 3‬‬ ‫‪ρp‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﻩ‬ ‫‪Ωf‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬

‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﭘﺮ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ‬
‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻭﻣﺪﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻣﻲ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ]‪.[١‬‬
‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ]‪: [٢‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﻣﺮﺗﻌﺶ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ‪٢‬ﻭ‪ ٣‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﻱ ﻧﺎﻥ‪ [١] ١‬ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﭘﺮﺗﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻬﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﻱ‪ [٣] ٢‬ﻳﻚ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ‬

‫‪١‬‬
‫‪Brenan‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪Bhandari‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺁﻳﺮﻭﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ )‪ (CFD‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺣﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭﻛﻠﻲ‪ ٣‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ ]‪ [٤‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬
‫‪ Flow٣D‬ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ ‪ k-ε‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺯﺑﻴﺴﻴﻨﺴﻜﻲ ]‪[٥‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻣﺪﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﺴﻤﺎ‪ [٦] ٥‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ‪ k-ε‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﻮﺕ ]‪[٧‬‬
‫‪٦‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ‪ CFD‬ﻭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ Flow٣D‬ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺮﺥ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺪﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺁﻥ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ RNG k-ε‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻓﺖ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻮﮊﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ ρ ،u‬ﻭ ‪ T‬ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ui, j = 0‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬

‫‪ρ (u j u i , j ) = − p, j + [ µ (u i , j + u j ,i ) − ρ u i' u 'j ] j + ρg i‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫‪ρC p (u j T, j ) = (k1T, j − ρC p u 'j T ' ) , j‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪Oackley‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪Zbicinski‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪Strassma‬‬
‫‪٦‬‬
‫‪Kieviet‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ،k-ε‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﺮﺥ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻟﺰﺝ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ RNG k-ε‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ k-ε‬ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‪ k‬ﻭ‪ ε‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ RNG‬ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪µt‬‬
‫‪ρu j k , j = [( µ +‬‬ ‫‪)k , j ) , j + G k + Gb − ρε‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪σk‬‬
‫‪µt‬‬ ‫‪ε‬‬ ‫‪ε2‬‬
‫‪ρu j ε , j = [( µ +‬‬ ‫‪)ε , j ], j + C1 (Gk + C 3 Gb ) − C 2 ρ‬‬ ‫‪− Rε‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫‪σε‬‬ ‫‪k‬‬ ‫‪k‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪η‬‬
‫‪C µ ρη 3 (1 −‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪η0 ε 2‬‬ ‫‪Sk‬‬
‫= ‪Rε‬‬ ‫≡ ‪η‬ﻭ ‪ C µ = .0845‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪ C 2 = 1.68‬ﻭ ‪ C1 = 1.42‬ﻭ ‪ β = .012‬ﻭ ‪η 0 = 4.38‬ﻭ‬
‫‪1 + βη‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪k‬‬ ‫‪ε‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ‪ G k‬ﻭ ‪ Gb‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺍﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ‪ C 3ε‬ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪µ t ∂T‬‬
‫‪ Gb = βg i‬ﻭ ‪Gk = µ t S 2‬‬ ‫)‪(٦) -(٧‬‬
‫‪Prt ∂xi‬‬

‫‪1 ∂P‬‬
‫‪ β = −‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ v‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺟﺎﺫﺑﻪ ﻭ ‪u‬‬ ‫‪ g i‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺟﺎﺫﺑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ‪ ، i‬ﻭ ‪( ) p‬‬
‫‪ρ ∂T‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺟﺎﺫﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪v‬‬
‫‪C 3ε = tan gh‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫‪u‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻓﺎﺯ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻭﻳﻠﺮـ ﻻﮔﺮﺍﻧﮋ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺎﺯ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ )ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻭﻳﻠﺮ( ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺎﻭﻳﺮـ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻛﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺯ ﭘﺨﺸﻲ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ) ﺭﻭﺵ ﻻﮔﺮﺍﻧﮋ(‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺫﺭﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﮕﺮﺍﻝ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
‫ﻻﮔﺮﺍﻧﮋﻱ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ ‪:‬‬

‫‪du p‬‬ ‫)‪g x (ρ p − ρ‬‬

‫‪= FD (u − u p ) +‬‬ ‫‪+ Fx‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫‪dt‬‬ ‫‪ρp‬‬

‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ) ‪ FD (u − u p‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﭘﺴﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺫﺭﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ‪ FD‬ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ]‪: [٨‬‬
‫‪18µ C D Re‬‬
‫= ‪FD‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫‪ρ p d p2 24‬‬
‫‪ Fx‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﭘﺴﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ )‪ (٩‬ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺎﺯ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﻼﻭﻩ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺁﻧﻲ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﮕﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻥ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻧﺎﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ )ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ( ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﮕﺮﺍﻟﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺁﻣﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﺮﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ ‪ ١‬ﻭ ‪ ٢‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ‪ ٤٢‬ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ٢‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻦ ﺩﻣﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻄﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺩﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﻄﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻧﺎﺳﻠﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻮﺭﻱ]‪ [٩‬ﻭ ﻳﺎﻧﮓ ]‪ [١٠‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺳﻠﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪Pr‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪0.098‬‬

‫= ‪Nu‬‬ ‫‪Re0.8 ( ) 0.1 (1+‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫)‪26.2(Pr −.074‬‬
‫‪2/3‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪a 2 1/ 5‬‬
‫) ) (‪(Re‬‬
‫‪R‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫) ‪h f (Ω f A f + Au‬‬
‫= ‪h fo‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫‪Ab‬‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻭﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﺑﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻓﺖ ﺩﻩ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺛﺮﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ‪ ٢٢ m/s‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﻬﺎﻱ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ ،١/٠٥‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ ١‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ ٠/٩٥‬ﺿﺮﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺗﺎ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻮﻥ ) ‪ ٨٢٩ ( pa‬ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻦ) ‪ ٨٥٩/٥٣ ( pa‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﻱ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﻞ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺪﻝ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﭖ ﻭﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ RNG k-ε‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ١‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺶ ﻧﻮﺩ‪ ٧‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‪ CPU٢٤٠٠ MB‬ﻭ‪ RAM ١ GB‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ‪ ٨‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩ‪ ٩‬ﺑﻮﺩ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﻨﺎﭼﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪ ١٧١٣٥٠‬ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪١٤٢٧٧٦‬‬
‫ﺳﻠﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫‪١٤٢٧٧٦‬ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‪ ٦٠‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﺮﺩ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻭ ﺑﺤﺚ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﺳﻨﺞ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺯ ‪ ٦‬ﻭ‪ ٩‬ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ‪ ١٣٨٢‬ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ‪ ١٧‬ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪ ١٣٨٣‬ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ٢‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ) ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ )‪ (h‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪a/R‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ )‪ (١١‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ a/R‬ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ‪ h‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ٣‬ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‪ a/R‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﻄﺮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ٤‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ٥‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ )ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮ( ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ‪ ٣‬ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﻝ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻲ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻧﺮﻡ‬

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‫‪Node‬‬
‫‪٨‬‬
‫‪Share Memory‬‬
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‫‪Distribute Memory‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻧﺎﺯﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ]‪ ،[١١‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ٦‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ ٤-٥‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ) ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫‪ ٢٠٠‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ(‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٣٤٠K‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ٤‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ‬
‫ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻗﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ٤‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﻨﺪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻻﻛﺘﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻮﺯ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻛﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﻠﻮﻛﺰ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﻛﺘﻮﺯ‬
‫ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺁﻣﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻻﻛﺘﻮﺯ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺁﻣﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ٧‬ﻭ ‪ ٨‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ‪ ٠/٥‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺁﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ‪ ٢٠‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ٩‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ١٠‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻢ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻭ ﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ ‪،١١‬‬
‫‪ ١٢‬ﻭ ‪ ١٣‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺛﺮ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ١٢‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ‪ ٢٠‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١٤‬‬
‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺸﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻳﻨﻮﻟﺪﺯ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬-٤

RNG k-ε ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ‬
‫ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬،‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
:‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫( ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ‬١
‫ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬،‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬
.‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ‬،‫( ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬٢
.‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫( ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺴﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺮ‬٣
.‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻲ‬،‫( ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ‬٤
‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ‬.‫ﺷﻮﺩ‬
.‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺸﺖ‬

‫ﻗﺪﺭﺩﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺭﺍ‬
.‫ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺳﭙﺎﺳﮕﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬

[ 1 ] Bhandari, B. R., Dalta, N., and Howes, T., “Problems Associated with Drying of Sugar-Rich Foods,” Drying
Technology, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 671− 84 , 1997 .
[ 2 ] Bhandari, B., Dalta, N., Crooks, R., Howes, T., and Rigby, S., “A Semi-Empirical Approach to Optimize
The Quantity of Drying Aids Required to Spray Dry Sugar-Rich Foods,” Drying Technology,
Vol. 15, No. 10, pp. 2509 − 25 , 1997 .
[ 3 ] Bhandari, B., Senoussi, A., Dumoulin, E.D., and Lebert, A., “Spray Drying of Concentrated Fruit Juices,”
Drying Technology, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 1081− 92 , 1993 .
[ 4 ] Oakley, D.E., and Bahu, R.E., “Spray/Gas Mixing Behavior within Spray Dryer,” Drying, Elsevier Science
Publishers, pp. 303 − 13 , 1991.
[ 5 ] Zbicinski, I., “Development and Experimental Verification of Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer Model in
Spray Drying,” The Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 58 , pp. 123 − 33 , 1995 .
[ 6 ] Straastma, J., Houlingen, G.V., Streenbergen, A.E., and Jong, P.D., “Spray Drying of Food Products: 1 .
Simulation Model,” Journal of Food Engineering, Vol. 42 , pp. 67 − 72 , 1999 .
[ 7 ] Kieviet, F.G., “Modeling Quality in Spray Drying,” Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 1997 .
[ 8 ] Manual of Fluent. INC, 1993 .
[ 9 ] Mori, Y., and Nakayama, W., “Study on Forced Convection Heat Transfer in Curved Pipes,” J. Heat Mass
Transfer, Vol. 10 , pp. 37 − 59 , 1967 .
[ 10 ] Yang, G., and Ebadian, M.A., “Turbulent Forced Convection in a Helical Pipe with Substantial Pitch,” Int.
J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 39 , pp. 2015 − 22 , 1996 .
[ 11 ] Masters, K., Spray Drying, 2 th.Ed, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1976 .
‫‪[ 12 ] Saunders E.A.D., Heat Exchangers, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1988 .‬‬
‫‪[ 13 ] Tannehill, J.C., Anderson D.A., and Pletcher, R.H., Computational Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer,‬‬
‫‪Taylor & Francis, Philadelphia, 1997 .‬‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -١‬ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺮ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ٠/٢٥‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ‪ ٠/١٥ × ٠/٢٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ٠/١٢٩‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫↵‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -٢‬ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﻡ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ‪ ٠/٥‬ﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ‪ ١/٣٠٨‬ﻣﺘﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ‪ ١/٤٣١‬ﻣﺘﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ‪ ٠/٤‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -١‬ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،٣٨١K‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ ٩‬ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪١٣٨٢‬‬
‫) ‪ (r ×θ × y‬ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ )ﺳﺎﻋﺖ(‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ)‪(K‬‬
‫)‪٣٤١٥٨٢ (٥٢ × ٣٨ × ١٧٨‬‬ ‫‪٣٧٦/١‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬
‫)‪١٧١٣٥٠ (٤٧ × ٢٨ × ١١٥‬‬ ‫‪٣٧٧/٣‬‬ ‫‪٧/٢٥‬‬
‫)‪١٤٢٧٧٦ (٤٤ × ٢٤ × ١٠٨‬‬ ‫‪٣٧٧/٢‬‬ ‫‪٤/٢٥‬‬
 ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ -٢‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﻡ)‪(K‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬
‫‪ ٦‬ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪٣٠٧‬‬ ‫‪٤٢٧‬‬ ‫‪٣٧٩/٨‬‬ ‫‪٣٨٣‬‬ ‫‪٣٦٠‬‬ ‫‪٣٧٣‬‬
‫‪ ٩‬ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪٢٩٩‬‬ ‫‪٤٢٧‬‬ ‫‪٣٧٧/٢‬‬ ‫‪٣٨١‬‬ ‫‪٣٥٨/٧‬‬ ‫‪٣٧١‬‬
‫‪ ١٧‬ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫‪٣٠٨/٧‬‬ ‫‪٤٣٧‬‬ ‫‪٣٨٤/٨‬‬ ‫‪٣٧٩‬‬ ‫‪٣٦٤/٤‬‬ ‫‪٣٦٥‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -٣‬ﺩﺑﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫‪kg‬‬ ‫‪kg‬‬ ‫‪kg‬‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ)‪(K‬‬
‫ﺩﺑﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺑﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺑﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬
‫‪ ٦‬ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪٠/٢٣‬‬ ‫‪٠/٣١‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٠١٤‬‬ ‫‪٢٩١/٦‬‬
‫‪ ٩‬ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪٠/٢٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/٣٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٠١٤‬‬ ‫‪٢٩١‬‬
‫‪ ١٧‬ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫‪٠/٢٣‬‬ ‫‪٠/٥٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٠١٦‬‬ ‫‪٢٩٨‬‬

‫‪0.115‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ)‪(m‬‬

‫‪0.11‬‬ ‫‪0.3‬‬

‫‪a/R‬‬
‫‪0.105‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬
‫‪0.095‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪3.5‬‬ ‫‪3.95‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ)‪(m‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ – ٣‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪. a/R‬‬

‫‪200‬‬
‫‪190‬‬
‫‪180‬‬
‫‪h ( W ) 170‬‬
‫‪m 2 K 160‬‬
‫‪150‬‬
‫‪140‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮري از ورودي هﻮاي ﮔﺮم )‪(m‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -٤‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺮ‬

‫‪335‬‬
‫‪325‬‬
‫دﻣﺎ)‪(K‬‬

‫‪315‬‬
‫‪305‬‬
‫‪295‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ )‪(m‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -٥‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺮ‪.‬‬

 ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪395‬‬
‫‪385‬‬ ‫‪380‬‬
‫‪370‬‬ ‫‪365‬‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎ)‪(K‬‬
‫‪355‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬
‫‪340‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬ ‫‪335‬‬
‫‪325‬‬ ‫‪320‬‬
‫‪310‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬ ‫‪305‬‬
‫‪295‬‬ ‫‪290‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪1.7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ)‪(m‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -٦‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ -٤‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻗﻨﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻗﻨﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ‬
‫)‪(K‬‬
‫ﻻﻛﺘﻮﺯ‬ ‫‪٣٧٤‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻮﺯ‬ ‫‪٣٦٠‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﻛﺮﻭﺯ‬ ‫‪٣٣٥‬‬
‫ﮔﻠﻮﮔﺰ‬ ‫‪٣٠٤‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﻭﻛﺘﻮﺯ‬ ‫‪٢٧٨‬‬

‫‪14‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫)‪0.5 (m‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ)‪(m/s‬‬

‫‪10‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫)‪1.5 (m‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫)‪2.5 (m‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫)‪3.5 (m‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪0.65‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ) ‪(m‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -٧‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‪.‬‬

‫‪21‬‬
‫‪18‬‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫)‪0.5 (m‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ)‪(m/s‬‬

‫‪12‬‬ ‫)‪1.5 (m‬‬

‫‪9‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫)‪2.5 (m‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪3.5 (m‬‬
‫‪-3‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪0.65‬‬

‫)‪(m‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -٨‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪415‬‬ ‫)‪0.5(m‬‬
‫‪400‬‬ ‫)‪1.5 (m‬‬
‫‪385‬‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎ)‪(K‬‬

‫‪370‬‬
‫‪355‬‬ ‫)‪3.5 (m‬‬ ‫)‪2.5 (m‬‬
‫‪340‬‬
‫‪325‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫‪0.65‬‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ)‪(m‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ٩‬ـ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺮ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪316‬‬
‫)‪3.5 (m‬‬
‫‪314‬‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ)‪(pa‬‬
‫)‪2.5 (m‬‬

‫‪312‬‬
‫)‪.5 (m‬‬
‫)‪1.5 (m‬‬
‫‪310‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫‪0.65‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ)‪(m‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -١٠‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪24‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ)‪(m/s‬‬

‫‪16‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪1.7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ)‪(m‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -١١‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪440‬‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‪.‬‬

‫‪425‬‬
‫‪410‬‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎ)‪(K‬‬

‫‪395‬‬
‫‪380‬‬
‫‪365‬‬
‫‪350‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ)‪(m‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -١٢‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪400‬‬
‫‪350‬‬
‫‪300‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ)‪(pa‬‬

‫‪250‬‬
‫‪200‬‬
‫‪150‬‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫‪50‬‬
‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ)‪(m‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -١٣‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -١٤‬ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ‪ ١٧ ،‬ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪.١٣٨٣‬‬