University of Saint Louis

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500

SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – LEVEL III

DRUG STUDY

CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING

ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic name: Description: Systemic infections General Side Effects:  Explain the
Hydrocortisone Hydrocortisone is a (unless treated with  Cushing's purpose of
glucocorticoid that specific anti-infective), habitus medication.
Brand name: reduces inflammation cerebral malaria;  Peptic ulceration
Hydrovex by suppressing the untreated oral infection  Fluid retention  Administer the
migration of (buccal tab). Parenteral:  Potassium or medication by
Classification: polymorphonuclear Idiopathic calcium following the 10
Corticosteroids leukocytes and thrombocytopenic depletion rights of drug
reversing the increased purpura (IM); infected  Muscle wasting administration.
capillary permeability. joint or surrounding  Stomach pain
Route: Topically, it has anti- tissues; inj directly into  Inform patient
 Gastrointestinal
IV inflammatory, anti- the tendons, spinal or and significant
disturbances
pruritic, and other non-diarthrodial others about the
 Increased
Dosage: vasoconstrictive effects. joints side-effects of the
appetite
50mg q8° Synonym: cortisol. (intra-articular/local inj). medication.
Rectal: Systemic fungal  Delayed wound
infections, healing
 Bruising  Monitor signs of
Pharmacodynamics ileocolostomy during thrombophlebitis
the immediate or  Striae
(lower extremity
Absorption: postoperative period  Excessive
swelling, warmth,
Readily absorbed from (enema); abscess, hairiness
erythema,
the gastrointestinal obstruction, perforation,  Acne tenderness) and
tract; rapidly absorbed peritonitis, fresh  Flushing thromboembolism
after IM inj (Na intestinal anastomoses,  Headache (shortness of
succinate, Na extensive fistulas and  Depression breath, chest
phosphate); slowly sinus tracts (foam).  Loss of contact pain, cough,
absorbed after intra- Ophthalmic: Herpes with reality bloody sputum).
articular or soft tissue simplex or other viral  Menstrual
inj (acetate); partially diseases of conjunctiva irregularity  Monitor and
absorbed after rectal and cornea; ocular  Suppression of report signs of
administration; tuberculosis, purulent pituitary- peptic ulcer,
 University of Saint Louis
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – LEVEL III
including
absorbed through the infections and fungal adrenocortical heartburn,
skin. Bioavailability: 96 diseases of the eye, system nausea, vomiting
± 20%. Time to peak undiagnosed red eye,  Dermal atrophy blood, tarry
plasma concentration: increased intraocular  Excess of stools, and loss
Approx 1 hour. pressure. Topical: glucose in the of appetite.
Untreated fungal, bloodstream
Distribution: bacterial, or viral  Susceptibility to  Monitor signs of
Rapidly distributed to infections; tubercular or infection hypersensitivity
body tissues. Crosses syphilitic lesions, acne  Bones become reactions or
the placenta and enters vulgaris, peri-oral brittle anaphylaxis,
breast milk (small dermatitis, rosacea; use  Growth including
amounts). Volume of in widespread plaque retardation pulmonary
distribution: 27 ± 7 L. psoriasis (as  Foetal symptoms
Plasma protein binding: hydrocortisone abnormalities (tightness in the
>90%, corticosteroid- butyrate). Concomitant throat and chest,
 Topical
binding globulin (CBG) use with live or live- wheezing, cough,
application to
and albumin. attenuated vaccines dyspnea) or skin
the eye
(immunosuppressive reactions (rash,
 Rash intraocular
Excretion: doses). pruritus,
pressure
Via urine (mainly urticaria). Notify
conjugated as  Reduced visual
physician or
glucuronides; small function
nursing staff
amounts as unchanged  Posterior immediately if
drug). Elimination half- subcapsular these reactions
life: 1.8 ± 0.5 hour cataract occur.
(oral); 2 ± 0.3 hours
(IV).  Assess any
muscle or joint
pain. Report
persistent or
increased
musculoskeletal
pain to determine
presence of bone
or joint pathology
 University of Saint Louis
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – LEVEL III
(aseptic
necrosis,
fracture).

 Assess signs of
increased
intracranial
pressure in
children,
including
changes in mood
and behavior,
decreased
consciousness,
headache,
lethargy,
seizures, and
vomiting. Notify
physician
immediately of
these signs.

 Assess muscle
strength
periodically to
determine degree
of muscle wasting
during long- term
use.

 Measure blood
pressure
periodically and
compare to
normal values.
Report a
 University of Saint Louis
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – LEVEL III

sustained
increase in blood
pressure
(hypertension) to
the physician.

 Assess peripheral
edema using girth
measurements,
volume
displacement,
and
measurement of
pitting edema.
Report increased
swelling in feet
and ankles or a
sudden increase
in body weight
due to fluid
retention.

 Monitor
personality
changes,
including
depression,
euphoria,
restlessness,
hallucinations.

CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING

 University of Saint Louis
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – LEVEL III

ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic name: Description: History of Salbutamol ● Explain the
Salbutamol + Salbutamol is a hypersensitivity to purpose of
Guaifenesin selective β2- salbutamol sulfate, Immune System medication
adrenoceptor agonist. guaifenesin or to any of Disorders ● Administer the
Brand name: At therapeutic doses, it the excipients of Very Rare: medication by
Pecof acts on the β2- Ventolin Expectorant.  Hypersensitivity following the 10
adrenoceptors of Non-IV formulations of reactions rights of drug
Classification: bronchial muscle, with salbutamol must not be including administration
Cough & Cold little or no action on the used to arrest angioedema, ● Inform patient
Preparation β1-adrenoceptors of uncomplicated urticaria, and significant
cardiac muscle. premature labor or bronchospasm, others about the
Route: Guaifenesin can make threatened abortion. hypotension and side-effects of
PO the viscous mucus of collapse. the medication
the respiratory pathway  Metabolism and ● Assess lung
Dosage: more fluid and therefore Nutrition sounds, PR and
7.5 mL TID expectoration and Disorders: Rare: BP before drug
reduces cough. Hypokalemia. administration
 Potentially and during peak
serious of medication.
Pharmacodynamics hypokalemia ● Observe fore
may result from paradoxical
Absorption: β2-agonist spasm and
After oral therapy. withhold
administration, medication and
salbutamol is absorbed Nervous System notify physician
from the gastrointestinal Disorders if condition
tract and undergoes Very Common: occurs.
considerable first-pass  Tremor ● Administer PO
metabolism to the medications with
phenolic sulfate. Both Common: meals to
unchanged drug and  Headache. minimize gastric
conjugate are excreted irritation.
primarily in the urine. Very Rare: ● Extended-
Guaifenesin is well-  Hyperactivity. release tablet
 University of Saint Louis
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – LEVEL III
should
absorbed after oral be
administration. After the swallowed-
administration of Cardiac Disorders: whole. It should
guaifenesin 600 mg in Common: not be crushed
healthy adult volunteers  Tachycardia, or chewed.
the maximum peak palpitations. ● If administering
plasma concentration Rare: medication
(Cmax) was approx 1.4  Cardiac through
mcg/mL with Tmax arrhythmias inhalation, allow
about 15 minutes after including atrial at least 1 minute
drug administration. fibrillation, between
supraventricular inhalation of
Distribution: tachycardia and aerosol
The bioavailability of extrasystoles. medication.
orally administered ● Advise the
salbutamol is about Vascular Disorders: patient to rinse
50%. Salbutamol is Rare: mouth with
bound to plasma  Peripheral water after each
proteins to the extent of vasodilatation. inhalation to
10%. minimize dry
Musculoskeletal and mouth.
Excretion: Connective Tissue ● Inform the
The majority of a dose Disorders: patient that
of salbutamol given IV, Common: Albuterol may
orally or by inhalation is  Muscle cramps. cause an
excreted within 72 hrs. Very Rare: unusual or bad
The feces are a minor Feeling of taste.
route of excretion. muscle tension. ● Monitor for
Guaifenesin is excreted therapeutic
in urine. Guaifenesin: effectiveness.
Persistent cough
Immune System may indicate a
Disorders: serious condition
requiring further
 Unknown:
diagnostic work.
Hypersensitivity
 University of Saint Louis
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – LEVEL III
● Notify
and allergic physician if high
reactions fever, rash, or
including headaches
anaphylactic develop.
reactions,
angioedema,
rash, urticaria
and dyspnea.

Gastrointestinal
Disorders:
Unknown:
 Nausea,
vomiting,
abdominal
discomfort.
 University of Saint Louis
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – LEVEL III

CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING

ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic name: Description: Hypersensitivity to Significant:  Explain the purpose
Clarithromycin Clarithromycin is a clarithromycin or any  Hepatic dysfunction of medication
macrolide antibiotic macrolide antibiotics. (e.g. increased liver  Administer the
Brand name: that selectively binds History of cholestatic enzymes, medication by
Klaricid, Klaz to the 50S ribosomal jaundice/hepatic hepatocellular following the 10
tablet, RiteMed, subunit of susceptible dysfunction associated and/or cholestatic rights of drug
Klaryth, Klaz bacteria and prevents with previous hepatitis with or administration
the activated amino clarithromycin use; without jaundice);  Inform patient and
Classification: acids translocation, hypokalaemia, history exacerbation or new significant others
Macrolides resulting in inhibition of of QT prolongation onset of myasthenia about the side-
intracellular protein (congenital or gravis. effects of the
Route: synthesis. documented medication.
PO acquired), ventricular Gastrointestinal  Inquire about
cardiac arrhythmia disorders: previous
Dosage: Pharmacodynamics including torsades de  Abdominal pain, hypersensitivity to
500mg/tab BID pointes; severe diarrhoea, nausea, other macrolides
Absorption: hepatic failure in vomiting, dysgeusia, (e.g., erythromycin)
Rapidly and well combination with renal dyspepsia. before treatment.
absorbed from the impairment.  Withhold drug and
gastrointestinal tract. Concomitant use with General disorders and notify physician, if
Bioavailability: Approx ergot alkaloids (e.g. administration site hypersensitivity
50%. Time to peak ergotamine, conditions: occurs (e.g., rash,
plasma concentration: dihydroergotamine),  Inj site reactions urticaria).
2-3 hours (immediate- oral midazolam, (e.g. phlebitis, pain,  Monitor for and
release); 5-8 hours astemizole, cisapride, inflammation). report loose stools
(modified-release). domperidone, Infections and or diarrhea, since
pimozide, terfenadine, infestations: pseudomembranous
Distribution: ticagrelor, ranolazine,  Candidiasis. colitis must be ruled
Widely and readily lovastatin, simvastatin,  out.
distributed into most colchicine, lomitapide.  Investigations:  When clarithromycin
body tissues and Modified-release tab: Prolonged is given concurrently
fluids. Crosses the Significant renal prothrombin time, with anticoagulants,
placenta and enters impairment (CrCl <30
 University of Saint Louis
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – LEVEL III
digoxin,
breast milk. Plasma mL/min). increased BUN. or
protein binding: 80%. theophylline, blood
Nervous system levels of these
Excretion: disorders: drugs may be
Via urine (approx 20-  Headache. elevated. Monitor
40% as unchanged appropriate serum
drug; 10-15% as Psychiatric disorders: levels and assess
metabolites); faeces  Insomnia. for S&S of drug
(5-10% as unchanged toxicity.
drug). Elimination half- Skin and subcutaneous  Patient & Family
life: Immediate- tissue disorders: Education
release: 3-7 hours  Rash, hyperhidrosis.  Complete
(clarithromycin); 5-9  Vascular disorders: prescribed course of
hours (14- Vasodilation (IV). therapy.
hydroxyclarithromycin).  Potentially Fatal:  Report rash or other
Hepatic failure, signs of
pseudomembranous hypersensitivity
colitis or C. difficile- immediately.
associated  Report loose stools
diarrhoea (CDAD); or diarrhea even
QT prolongation, after completion of
arrhythmias drug therapy.
including torsades  Do not breast feed
de pointes; without consulting
anaphylaxis, severe physician.
cutaneous adverse
reactions (e.g. acute
generalised
exanthematous
pustulosis, Stevens-
Johnson syndrome,
toxic epidermal
necrolysis, drug
rash with
eosinophilia and
 University of Saint Louis
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – LEVEL III

systemic symptoms,
Henoch-Schonlein
purpura or IgA
vasculitis).
 University of Saint Louis
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – LEVEL III

CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING

ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic name: Description: If patient is allergic to The following side ● Explain the
Butamirate citrate Butamirate is a non- butamirate citrate or any effects may occur in purpose of
narcotic antitussive of the other ingredients. rare cases: medication
Brand name: which presents  Somnolence ● Administer the
Sinecod nonspecific  itchy skin medication by
anticholinergic and  rashes following the 10
Classification: antispasmodic effect,  nausea, rights of drug
Cough & Cold facilitating respiration. It  and diarrhea. administration
Preparation acts centrally by For the first sign of ● Inform patient
diminishing the adverse drug reaction, and significant
Route: tussigenic reflex, and seek medical attention others about the
PO peripherally via a immediately. side-effects of
bronchospasmolytic the medication
Dosage: activity enhanced by an ● Prevent
7.5 mL TID anti-inflammatory overdosage.
action. ● Ensure that the
drug is not taken
any longer than
Pharmacodynamics recommended to
prevent serious
Absorption: adverse effects
Rapidly and completely and severity
absorbed from the respiratory tract
gastrointestinal tract. problems.
Time to peak plasma ● Assess
concentration: Approx underlying
1.5 hours. problems

Distribution:
Plasma protein binding:
Approx 95%

Excretion:
 University of Saint Louis
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – LEVEL III

Primarily via kidneys as

metabolites. Plasma
elimination half-life:
Approx 13 hours.
 University of Saint Louis
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – LEVEL III
NURSING
CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS RESPONSIBILITIES
ACTION
Generic name: Description: Hypersensitivity to Rash, fever, pruritus,  Explain the purpose
Cefuroxime Cefuroxime inhibits cefuroxime or to other erythema, urticaria, of medication
bacterial cell wall cephalosporins. Stevens-Johnson  Administer the
Brand name: synthesis by binding to syndrome, erythema medication by
Efrox, Altacef, Fetnal, one 1 or more of the multiforme, toxic following the 10
Axet penicillin-binding epidermal necrolysis, rights of drug
proteins (PBPs) which serum sickness-like administration
Classification: in turn inhibit the final reactions,  Inform patient and
Cephalosporin transpeptidation step of angioedema; mild to significant others
peptidoglycan moderate hearing loss about the side-
Route: synthesis in bacterial (childn); nausea, effects of the
PO cell walls, thus vomiting, gagging, medication
inhibiting cell wall epigastric burning, GI  Determine history of
Dosage: biosynthesis and bleeding and infection, hypersensitivity
500mg/cap arresting cell wall abdominal pain, reactions to
assembly resulting in flatulence, ptyalism, cephalosporins,
bacterial cell death. indigestion, mouth penicillins, and
ulcers, swollen tongue, history of allergies,
anorexia, thirst, particularly to drugs,
Pharmacodynamics dyspepsia, stomach before therapy is
cramps, diarrhoea; initiated.
Absorption: decreased Hb and  Lab tests: Perform
Absorbed from the GI haematocrit, culture and
tract. Enhanced by the thrombocytosis, sensitivity tests
presence of food. Time lymphocytosis, before initiation of
to peak plasma haemolytic anaemia, therapy and
concentration: Approx increased prothrombin periodically during
2-3 hr (oral); 45 min time; transient increase therapy if indicated.
(IM). in serum AST (SGOT), Therapy may be
ALT (SGPT), alkaline instituted pending
Distribution: phosphatase, LDH and test results. Monitor
Widely distributed into bilirubin levels; periodically BUN
the body (including transient increase in and creatinine
 University of Saint Louis
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – LEVEL III

pleural fluid, synovial BUN and/or serum clearance.

fluid, aqueous humour, creatinine  Inspect IM and IV
sputum, bone), CSF concentration, injection sites
even on inflamed decreased CrCl, frequently for signs
meninges. Crosses the bilateral renal cortical of phlebitis.
placenta and enters necrosis; UTI, kidney  Report onset of
breast milk. Plasma pain, urethral pain or loose stools or
protein binding: Up to bleeding, dysuria, diarrhea. Although
50%. vaginitis, vag pseudomembranous
candidiasis, colitis (see Signs &
Excretion: vulvovaginal pruritus, Symptoms, rarely
Via urine (66-100% as vag discharge or occurs, this
unchanged drug); bile irritation; Jarisch- potentially life-
(small amounts). Herxheimer reaction; threatening
Plasma half-life: neck muscle spasm, complication should
Approx 70 min. muscle cramps or be ruled out as the
stiffness, chest pain or cause of diarrhea
tightness, shortness of during and after
breath, tachycardia, antibiotic therapy.
chills, lockjaw-type  Monitor for
reaction, viral illness, manifestations of
upper resp infection, hypersensitivity (see
sinusitis, cough, joint Discontinue drug
swelling, arthralgia; and report their
pain at inj site, appearance
thrombophlebitis (IV). promptly.
Rarely, transient  Monitor I&O rates
eosinophilia and and pattern:
neutropenia, Especially important
pancytopenia, in severely ill
leucopenia, patients receiving
thrombocytopenia; high doses. Report
headache, somnolence any significant
or sleepiness, changes.
dizziness,  Patient & Family
 University of Saint Louis
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – LEVEL III

hyperactivity, irritable Education

behaviour, myoclonic
jerks, seizures,  Report loose stools
generalised or diarrhea
hyperexcitability; promptly.
jaundice; acute renal  Report any signs or
failure, interstitial symptoms of
nephritis. hypersensitivity
Potentially Fatal:  Do not breast feed
Anaphylaxis, while taking this
pseudomembranous drug.
colitis.
 University of Saint Louis
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – LEVEL III

CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING

ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic name: Description: Hypersensitivity to Rash, fever, pruritus,  Explain the
Metoclopramide Metoclopramide is a cefuroxime or to other erythema, urticaria, purpose of
substituted benzamide cephalosporins. Stevens-Johnson medication
Brand name: with prokinetic and syndrome, erythema  Administer the
Clomitene, Clozil antiemetic properties. It multiforme, toxic medication by
stimulates the motility of epidermal necrolysis, following the 10
Classification: the upper serum sickness-like rights of drug
Antiemetics / GIT gastrointestinal tract reactions, angioedema; administration
Regulators, and accelerates gastric mild to moderate  Inform patient
Antiflatulents & Anti- peristalsis without hearing loss (childn); and significant
Inflammatories stimulating gastric, nausea, vomiting, others about the
biliary or pancreatic gagging, epigastric side-effects of
Route: secretions, leading to burning, GI bleeding the medication.
IV increased gastric and infection,  Report
emptying and intestinal abdominal pain, immediately the
Dosage: transit time. It blocks flatulence, ptyalism, onset of
5mg q8° PRN dopamine receptors and indigestion, mouth restlessness,
serotonin receptors (at ulcers, swollen tongue, involuntary
higher doses) in anorexia, thirst, movements,
chemoreceptor trigger dyspepsia, stomach facial grimacing,
zone of the CNS. cramps, diarrhoea; rigidity, or
decreased Hb and tremors.
haematocrit, Extrapyramidal
Pharmacodynamics thrombocytosis, symptoms are
lymphocytosis, most likely to
Absorption: haemolytic anaemia, occur in
Rapidly and almost increased prothrombin children, young
completely from the time; transient increase adults, and the
gastrointestinal tract in serum AST (SGOT), older adult and
after oral administration. ALT (SGPT), alkaline with high-dose
Absolute bioavailability: phosphatase, LDH and treatment of
80±15.5%. Time to bilirubin levels; transient vomiting
peak plasma increase in BUN and/or
 University of Saint Louis
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – LEVEL III

concentration: Approx serum creatinine associated with

1-2 hours (oral). concentration, cancer
decreased CrCl, chemotherapy.
Distribution: bilateral renal cortical Symptoms can
Extensively distributed necrosis; UTI, kidney take months to
to body tissues. pain, urethral pain or regress.
Crosses the blood-brain bleeding, dysuria,  Be aware that
barrier and placenta vaginitis, vag during early
and enters breast milk candidiasis, treatment
at low level. Volume of vulvovaginal pruritus, period, serum
distribution: Approx 3.5 vag discharge or aldosterone may
L/kg. Plasma protein irritation; Jarisch- be elevated;
binding: Approx 30%. Herxheimer reaction; after prolonged
neck muscle spasm, administration
Excretion: muscle cramps or periods, it
Via urine (approx 85%, stiffness, chest pain or returns to
with approx 50% as free tightness, shortness of pretreatment
or conjugated breath, tachycardia, level.
metoclopramide); chills, lockjaw-type  Lab tests:
faeces (approx 5%). reaction, viral illness, Periodic serum
Elimination half-life: 2.5- upper resp infection, electrolyte.
6 hours. sinusitis, cough, joint  Monitor for
swelling, arthralgia; pain possible
at inj site, hypernatremia
thrombophlebitis (IV). and
Rarely, transient hypokalemia
eosinophilia and especially if
neutropenia, patient has CHF
pancytopenia, or cirrhosis.
leucopenia,  Adverse
thrombocytopenia; reactions
headache, somnolence associated with
or sleepiness, increased serum
dizziness, hyperactivity, prolactin
irritable behaviour, concentration
 University of Saint Louis
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – LEVEL III

myoclonic jerks, (galactorrhea,

seizures, generalised menstrual
hyperexcitability; disorders,
jaundice; acute renal gynecomastia)
failure, interstitial usually
nephritis. disappear within
Potentially Fatal: a few weeks or
Anaphylaxis, months after
pseudomembranous drug treatment is
colitis. stopped.
 Patient & Family
Education
 Avoid driving
and other
potentially
hazardous
activities for a
few hours after
drug
administration.
 Avoid alcohol
and other CNS
depressants.
 Report S&S of
acute dystonia,
such as
trembling hands
and facial
grimacing
immediately.
 Do not breast
feed while taking
this drug without
consulting
physician.
 University of Saint Louis
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – LEVEL III
 University of Saint Louis
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – LEVEL III
NURSING
CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS RESPONSIBILITIES
ACTION
Generic name: Description: Severe hepatic Blood and lymphatic ● Explain the
impairment or active system disorders: Rarely, purpose of
Paracetamol Paracetamol is a para- liver disease (IV). anaemia, medication
aminophenol derivative thrombocytopenia, ● Administer the
that exhibits analgesic agranulocytosis. medication by
Brand name: and antipyretic actions following the
and weak anti- Cardiac disorders: 10 rights of
Ifimol IV inflammatory activity. Tachycardia. drug
The mechanism of its administration
analgesic effect has not Gastrointestinal disorders:
Nausea, vomiting; ● Inform patient
Classification: been fully determined and significant
but may be associated redness of rectal mucus
Analgesics (Non-Opioid) with the inhibition of membranes (rectal supp). others about
& Antipyretics the side-effects
prostaglandin synthesis General disorders and of the
in the CNS and to a administration site medication.
lesser extent, through conditions: Inj site ● Monitor for
Route: peripheral blockage of reactions (e.g. pain, S&S of:
pain-impulse burning sensation), hepatotoxicity,
IV generation. It produces fatigue, peripheral even with
antipyresis by inhibiting oedema. moderate
the hypothalamic heat- acetaminophe
Dosage: regulating centre. Investigations: Increased
n doses,
transaminase levels,
300mg q4° Synonym: especially in
abnormal breath sounds.
acetaminophen. individuals with
Metabolism and nutrition poor nutrition
disorders: Hypokalaemia. or who have
ingested
Musculoskeletal and alcohol over
Pharmacodynamics connective tissue prolonged
disorders: Muscle spasm, periods;
trismus. poisoning,
Psychiatric disorders: usually from
 University of Saint Louis
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – LEVEL III
accidental
Absorption: Insomnia, anxiety. ingestion or
Well absorbed following Respiratory, thoracic and suicide
oral and rectal mediastinal disorders: attempts;
administration. Mainly Dyspnoea; bronchospasm potential abuse
absorbed in the small (in asthmatic patients from
intestine with minimal sensitive to aspirin or psychological
absorption from the other NSAIDs). dependence
stomach. Decreased (withdrawal
rate of absorption with Skin and subcutaneous has been
food. Time to peak tissue disorders: Rash, associated
plasma concentration: pruritus, erythema, with restless
Approx 30 minutes to 2 urticaria. and excited
hours (oral); approx 2-3 responses).
Vascular disorders: ● Patient &
hours (rectal); approx Hypotension,
15 minutes (IV). Family
hypertension, flushing. Education.
Potentially Fatal: Hepatic ● Do not take
injury (in doses higher other
Distribution:
then recommended), medications
Widely distributed into anaphylaxis. Rarely, (e.g., cold
most body tissues serious skin reactions preparations)
except fat. Crosses the such as acute generalised containing
placenta; enters breast exanthematous pustulosis acetaminophe
milk (small amounts). (AGEP), Stevens- n without
Volume of distribution: Johnson syndrome (SJS), medical
Approx 1 L/kg. Plasma toxic epidermal necrolysis advice;
protein binding: 10-25%. (TEN). overdosing
and chronic
use can cause
liver damage
Excretion:
and other toxic
Mainly via urine (60- effects.
80% as glucuronide ● Do not self-
metabolites; 20-30% as medicate
adults for pain
 University of Saint Louis
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – LEVEL III
more than 10 d
sulfate metabolites; (5 d in
approx 8% as cysteine children)
and mercapturic acid without
metabolites; <5% as consulting a
unchanged drug). physician.
Elimination half-life: ● Do not use this
Approx 1-4 hours. medication
without
medical
direction for:
fever persisting
longer than 3
d, fever over
39.5° C (103°
F), or recurrent
fever.
● Do not give
children more
than 5 doses in
24 h unless
prescribed by
physician.
● Do not breast
feed while
taking this drug
without
consulting
physician.