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Structure of Matter Class7

The document discusses the structure and composition of matter. It explains that all matter is made up of very small particles called atoms, as proposed by ancient Indian sage Kanada and later scientist John Dalton. An atom is the smallest particle of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction, while a molecule is the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist independently. Matter exists in three physical states - solid, liquid, and gas - which differ in the arrangement and distance between their molecules.

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11K views12 pages

Structure of Matter Class7

The document discusses the structure and composition of matter. It explains that all matter is made up of very small particles called atoms, as proposed by ancient Indian sage Kanada and later scientist John Dalton. An atom is the smallest particle of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction, while a molecule is the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist independently. Matter exists in three physical states - solid, liquid, and gas - which differ in the arrangement and distance between their molecules.

Uploaded by

eas grade04
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STRUCTURE OF MATTER

(CHEMISTRY)

CHAPTER 3
(Living Science)
MATTER- Anything that occupies space and has
mass is called matter.
For example-a piece of iron is matter. It is made up
of small particles called atoms.
WHAT IS MATTER MADE UP OF?
Kanada, the great Indian sage of ancient times was probably the first to
suggest that all matter is composed of very small particles. He gave the
name ‘anu’ to these particles.
John Dalton, a scientist of the nineteenth century, proposed that all matter
was composed of atoms, indivisible and indestructible building blocks

Maharishi Kanada John Dalton


Let’s take an example-
A piece of iron is made of matter. If the piece of iron is broken, it
forms smaller pieces of iron. If we continue breaking this piece of
iron, it forms still smaller and smaller pieces. It should be possible to
get the smallest piece of iron that cannot be broken any further. This
smallest piece of iron is the iron atom.
DEFINITION
ATOM- An atom is the smallest particle of an element that can take
part in a chemical reaction. It may or may not exist independently.

MOLECULE - A molecule is the smallest particle of an element or a


compound that can normally exist independently.
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

Matter
Physical Chemical
Classification Classification
Solid Liquid Gas Pure Mixtures
substance

Elements Homogeneous Heterogeneous


Compounds
PHYSICAL CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

Matter exists in 3 forms-

vSolids

vLiquids

vGas
ARRANGEMENT OF MOLECULES IN SOLID-

SOLID- Molecules are compactly arranged


with no or negligible intermolecular space.
ARRANGEMENT OF MOLECULES IN LIQUID-

LIQUID- The molecules are


loosely packed with more
intermolecular spaces.
ARRANGEMENT OF MOLECULES IN GAS

GAS- Molecules are far apart.


Comparison of 3 states of Matter

Properties Solid Liquid Gas

Shape Definite Indefinite Indefinite

Volume Definite Definite Indefinite

Arrangement of Very close to each Close to each Far apart


Particles other other

Attraction forces Strong Weak Very weak

Compressibility No Yes, to a little Yes, highly


extent compressible
Density Maximum Lesser Least
RECAPITULATION
vAnything that occupies space and has mass is called matter.
vAn atom is the smallest part of an element that can take part in a chemical
reaction.
vA molecule is the smallest part of an element or a compound that can
normally exist independently.
vThe 3 states of matter are solid, liquid and gas.
vSolids have definite shape and volume.
vLiquids have fixed volume but no definite shape.
vGases have no definite shape or volume.

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