BRITISH STANDARD Dock levellers 2B @ 9 MAR ‘Thé European Standard EN 1998 : 1997 has the status of a British Standard wesescen NO COPYING WITHOUT RSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW | ce RP SS ERITREA SINGAPORE PROOU! A ROS BS EN) 1398: 1998: ‘997 Harte, 22 a S iin "ea Ba ELA” MELAS EDBS EN BS EN 1398 : 1998 1398 | Bet £ Shisw London W44AL, "This British Standard, having been preparod undor the direction of the Boginecring Seetor Beard, was published tunder the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 Janay 1998 ost 1908 ISBN 0680 28935 4 National foreword ‘This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1298 : 1997. ‘The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ‘MHIEN2, Lifting tables, which has the responsibility to: — id enquirers to understand the text; ~ present to the responsible European comunittee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed = monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this comumitiee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references ‘The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled ‘International Standards Correspondence Index’, or by using the ‘Find’ facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages ‘This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 16, an inside back cover and a back cover. Amendments issued since publication ‘Amd.No. [Date ‘Text affected.EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1898 NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM August 1997 res enoso Descriptor: Loading led rang pie, defison, eety machines, haat, aecdent prevention, desi, computation, cnensins, satery measures, veriScaion tents aaleaton, information, operating reaurenenss maitsentoe English version Dock levellers Rampes ajustables Ladebrticken ‘This European Standard was approved by, CEN on 1997-07-16. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration, Uptto-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member ‘This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, Geman). Aversion in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions, CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austtia, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Laxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europdisches Komitee fir Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © 1007 CEN — allrigis of exploitation in any Ton and by any means reseed worlwide for CBN national F ‘Ref. No, EN 1998: 1997 B.BSE 1398 ; Bs | 39 Chis L_ Jon Waal Page 2 EN 1398 : 1997 Foreword ‘This Buropean Stafidard has ben prepared by ‘Technical Committee CEN/TC 98, Lifting platforms, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. ‘This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, a the latest by February 1998, ‘and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by Febmuary1998, ‘This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Dixective(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this standard. According to the CEN/CENELEC Intemal Regulations, the national standands organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standart: Austra, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, ireland, Italy, Laxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, Contents Foreword 0 Introduction 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Definitions 4 List of significant hazards 5 Calculations and dimensions 5.1 Loads and forces 5.2 Calculation of dock leveliers 5.3 Design test BA Design criteria (factors) 6 Safety requirements and measures 6.1 General safety requirements and measures 6.2, Additional requirements for manually ‘operated dock levellers 63 Additional requirements for power-operated dock levellers 7 Verification 8 Information for use 8.1 Marking 8.2. Instructions for use 8.8 Instructions for maintenance and inspection Annex A (informative) Examples of ‘suitable tesis| A.l General A.2 Stability test A.3. Function test of the automatic safety device Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this European Stanciard with EU Directives g 10 in 1B 13 1B 8 4 4 4 4 16 © BSI 1908Cc 0 Introduction ‘This Buropean Standard is a type C standard as defined in EN 202, ‘The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this standard. In addition, machinery shall comply as appropriate with EN 292 for hazards Which are not covered by this standard. Where, for clarity, an example of a safety measure is siven in the text, this shall not be considered as the ‘only possible solution. Any other solution leading to the same risk reduction is permissible if an equivalent level of safety is achieved. 1 Seope 1.1 This standard is applicable to the calculation, design, construction, safety devices, installation, use, maintenance and testing of dock levellers, with the exception of; 4) dock levellers for motine and aircraft applications; ») lifting tables; ) vehiclemounted tail lifts. [NOTE 1, Requirements for lifting tables are laid down fa IBN 1570. NOTE 2, Requirements for vehile-mountad tal lifts are laid ‘down in prEN 1756: Page 3 EN 1398 : 1997 1.2 This standard includes dock levellers which are used by persons and/or manual or power-driven transport equipment (e.g forklift trac) as traffic paths between goods vehicles, both road vehicles and tall wagors, and parts of buildings such as loading docks. This standard does not deal with bridging devices where the load is a complete vehicle, euch as a ‘selfpropelled vehicle or towed trailer, Hustrations of various types of dock levellers are shown in figure 1. 1.3. This standard contains requirements intended to protect persons and objects against accidents and damage during use and operation of dock levellers. 1.4 Persons to be protected are: 2) operators; ) maintenance and inspection personnel; ©) persons near the dock levelle: 1.5. Objects to be protected are: a) goods on dock levellers; ‘b) transport equipment on dock levellers. 1.6. The significant hazards of dock levellers are listed in clause 4 These hazards have been identified by tiske assessment according to EN 292-2 and require actions to avoid the hazard, or to reduce the risk, which are’ covered in elanses 5 and 6. 42) Bridge plate (dock plate) manually operated, mobile ©) Manually operated dock lovely, stalled in 2 it, hinged lip Figure 1. Types of dock leveller ») Manually or poweropercted dock levelies, fixed atthe dock edge «) Poweropersted dock lovelle, installed in a pit, telescopic or hinged ip © Bt 1908Page 4 EN 1398 : 1997 1.7 The safety requirements are based on the assumption that the dock levellers are regularly ‘maintained by competent persons according to the instructions of the manufacturer and that the operating ‘persons have been instructed in the use of the dock levellers. 2 Normative references ‘This European Standard incorporates by.dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. ‘These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this standard only when Incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 202.1: 1901 ‘Safety of machinery — Basie concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology Safety of machinery — Basic conoepts, general principles for dosign— Part 2: Technical principles and specifications ‘Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent danger zones boing reached by the upper limbs Safety of machinery — “Minimam distances to avoid arusteing of parts of the Jaman body Safety of machinery — Emergency stop equipment, EN 2922: 1991 + AL: 1995 EN 204: 1992, EN 349: 1998, EN 418: 1992 YEN 9541: 1996 Safety of machinery — principles for design Safety requirements for fluid ‘power systems and ‘components — Hydraulics Safety requirements for fluid power systems and ‘components — Pneumatics Safety of machinery — EN 982: 1996 EN 983 : 1996 EN 602041: 1992 BN 60529: 1991 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures — Protection of electrical equigrment against contact, foreign bodies and 2» wader EN GUOM7-41: 1902 Low-voltage switehgear and controlgetr — Part 4: Contactors and. motor-starters — Section 1: Blectramechanical contactors and motorstarters CENELEC HD 419.281 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Semiconituctor contactors Electrical installations of buildings — Part-4: Protection for safety — Chapter 41 Protection against electric shock Blectrical installations of ‘uildings— Part 4: Protection Jfor safety — Chapter 47: Application of protective measures for safety HD 384.4411 ‘HD 894.4.4782 8 Definitions For the purposes of this standard the following definitions apply. 8.1 dock leveller A static or mobile device to bridge the space between a loading dock or similar loading areas and the loading surface of a vehicle, which may be at different levels. Dock levellers may be built as: ~ manually operated mobile dock leveller, called bridge plate or dock board; see figure 1a; ~ power-operated dock leveller built into a loading dock or fixed at the edge of a docis sce figures 1b and 1d; ~ manually operated dock leveller built into a loading dock or fixed to the edge of a docls see figures 1b and 1c. A dock leveller js not designed to li or lower loads. NOTE: I, Dock levelers are provided for loading and unloading operations. NOTE2, The iting or lowering mechanism is only provided to rake aleratons in the postion of the unloaded dock levelit. 8.2 dock board; bridge plate ‘A dock leveller, consisting of a manvally operated plate, suspended or loose, 83 latehed dock levelier Dock leveller which is held in a certain position by a positively engaged locking device. BA bridge deck ‘The part of the dock leveller in the form of a plate hich is used as a traffic path for persons and/or ‘transport equipment, but excluding the lip (Goe figure 2). © BST 1998Page 5 EN 1898 : 1997 DCEDILITVTIMLTTT ITE Figure 2. Main parts of a dock Ieveller VU TL 1 8.5 bearer ‘Supporting part of a dock leveller in the form of a beam, fixed at the underside of the bridge deck (see figure 2). 3.6 support device Part of a dock leveller, eg, in the form of a block, bar or bolt, which supports the dock leveller in the horizontal resting position. 3.7 hinged lip Part of a dock leveller hinged to the bridge deck and resting on the vehicle in the operational position (Gee figure 2) 38 telescopic lip Paxt of a dock leveller which can be telescopically extended towards the vehicle and which rests on the vehicle in the operational position. 3.9 loading ‘Whenever the term ‘loading’ is applied in this standard, it is understood to include loading and unloading. 8.10 free-floating condition A mode in which the dock leveller supported on the vehicle may follow automatically the vertical movernents of the vehicle during the loading process. 3.11 resting position Position to which the dock leveller is put, or to which it returns, when loading has finished. 9.12 automatic return ‘The retum cycle of the dock leveller to its resting Position without operator control. © St 1908 2.18 installed Fixed to a dock edge or built into the losding dock or ‘a similar area, 3.14 automatic safety device Device which automatically prevents an uncontrolled and dangerous lowering of the loaded dock leveller. 3.15 emergeney stop device A manually operated device intended to stop all movernents of a dock leveller in the event of danger. 3:6 rated load The iveight of the greatest moving load ( ge0ds, etsone and transport eaupnent for goes) tor ‘which the dock levelier is designed.” 3.17 competent person Apperson who, in accordance with his training and experience, has sufficient knowledge in the field of dock levellers and is sufficiently familiar with relevant regulations to be able to assess the safe condition of dock levellers, 3.18 operational position Position of the dock leveller in which it is set for loading and unloading, 4 List of significant hazards ‘The hazards that can influence the safety of persons during operation, maintenance or inspection have been identified by the risk assessment procedure and the corresponding requirements forranlated, Table 1 shows the hazards which have been identified and where the. corresponding requirements have been formulated in this standard.Page 6 EN 1898 : 1997 Table 1. Significant hazards and safety requirements Significant hazards Safety cequlroments relevant clauses | Rolovane causes of ENZO217 1001 (Crushing hazard 6.18, 6.19, 632.1, 63.22, 421 Shearing hazard 63.2.4,63.25,68.2.7, 63.2.8 i Impact hazard 6.1.10 421 i Highpressure fluid ejection hazard 63.4.1, 63.42, 6343, 6344, [424 it 63.45 | Loss of stability 5 422 1 Slip, tip and fall hazard O14, 612, 6.18, 6.14, 6. 423 6.1.6, 6.1.7, 6.1.10, 6.2.1, 6.3. Elecirical contact 63.2.6, 63.3, 43 Failure of energy supply 63.2.7, 63.2.8 43 a Hazards generated by neglecting [6.2.2, 62.3 49 = ‘ergonomic principles in machine A ao Failure, malfunction of control | 68.2.5, 6.3.2.7 “410 system | 5 Calculations and dimensions 81.2.3 gRated Load GLEE PCE RIES according to the scope. Dock leVéllets wider than 1,25 m shall, in principle, be designed to withstand the passage of forklift and.’ } sinulas industrial trucks: At widths up to 1,25 m, such dock levellers shall be designed to withstand loads |, resuling from pedestrian traffic and !"))" pedéstrian-dperated industrial trucks only. 8.1.2 Breakdown of loads and forces 5.1.2.1 General = dead loads; = wind forces; fut | | ~ braking and starting loads; " ~ inertia forces; al ~ impact loads. Wa4an | 5.1.2.2 Dead loads | Docte tevellers shal be designed to withstand all loads | and forees under all operating and static conditions Dock levellers have an adequate strength if the necessary design criteria /safely factors of 5.4 are achieved when the loads and forces given in 5.1 are used in the calculation methods given in 5.2. When calculating dock levellers, all relevant loads and forces, subdivided into primary and supplementary loads and forces, shall be taken into account. Primary loads and forces are as follows: ~ rated load including dynamic effects. ‘Supplementary loads and forces are considered to be: ‘The masses of all permanently fixed and movable ‘corponents shall be taken as dead loads. considered. In addition to the rated load, dynamic effects shall ‘The dynamic effects of the rated load due to its movement shall be oad by the dynamic factor g = 1,4. This load shall, depending on the width d of the deck structure, generally be expressed in terms of = point load for b = 1,251; calculated by multiplying the ratx efor WSL my yale load-onsonead Point loads shall be taken as acting over a : severe loading. 150mm x 150mm contact ‘pkengs acting-over-tworlbd-aam-X150n “oniy-apoly i tie actual conditions co not call for me xlelosasaal mnvcontact rdistance:yThese areas shal 5.1.24 Wind forces Dock levellers exposed to the environment shall be designed to withstand a wind pressure of w= 1,0 kN/m? in both directions, directly onto the are stowed in the front of the deck and also directly onto the back of t deck. This is particularly valid for dock levellers whit vertical position when not in use, 5.12.5 Braking and starting loads ‘The braking and starting loads for transport equipme the rated load. operations shall be deemed to be effective at the leve of the bridge deck ‘They shall be calculated at 30% 0 5.1.2.6 Inertia forces ‘The effects of inertia forces shall be taken into aceou {for shockcinducing speed changes of movable components, in particular when a dock leveller travel at operational sper direction or when ed to the final end position in eithe the automatic safety device (Gee 6.3.1) is operated. opsiswy oO 5.1.2.7 Impact loads For vertically stowed and latched dock levellers, 2 directly applied horizontal load of 1 kNin of width, evenly distributed on a line, shall be deemed to be effective at location Im above the top of the hinge line of the dock leveller and at right angles to the bridge deck. For dock levellets shorter than 1m, this horizontal load shall be applied to the top edge of the raised dock leveller. Vehicle impact loads need not be consitiered. ‘The defined horizontal load has to be considered to ‘prevent impact by a person or by manually operated transport equipment from knocking down the vertically stowed dock ieveller. 5.2 Caleulation of dock levellers 5.2.1 General Calculations shall be performed in accordance with generally accepted rules. ‘The source, if generally accessible, shall be stated in the case of any unusual formulae or calcalation methods. Otherwise, formulze shall be developed so that they may easily be verified. 5.2.2 Supporting structures, generat Safety in terms of stress shall be proved by calculation for all supporting structures. The principal dimensions, cross-sections, materials and means of fastening shall be stated. The severest individual primary and supplementary load ratings shall be given respectively for each most unfavourable position. ‘The hinged or telescopic lips, when not supported on the vehicle, need not be calculated with the rated load for the operation of the automatic safety device or the emergency stop device. ‘All possible cases of load combination shall be taken {nto account Adequate strength shall be proved by calculation for ‘components under compression. 5.2.3 Bridge deck For calculation purposes, only one bearer shall be taken as supporting the point load or the axle load unless lateral distribution of the load is proven. Where a point load or axle load will be supported by several bearers, such lateral distribution shall be demonstated for the worst load case (eg, loading of the end bearer). Non-stiffened sheets shall be calculated according to the plate theory. Distortion of bridge decks occurzing under operating conditions, e.g by a forkdift truck offset to one side, shall be considered. 58 Design test As an altemative to calculations, components may be subjected to testing to demonstrate their satisfactory Gesign. ‘The rated load multiplied by the dmamic factor (Gee 5.1.2.8) and the valid safety factor (see 5.4.2) shall be applied to be effective at the most unfavourable position. For components under buckling, the safety factot 2,0 shall be applied. There shall be no permanent deformation. © BSL 1098, Page 7 EN 1398 : 1997 ‘The tests shall be performed and controlled respectively by competent staff or testing organizations. 5.4 Design criteria (factors) 5.4.1 Stability The stability of dock levellers when subjected to loads specified at5.1.2 shall be proved by calculation. The effect of the restoring forces shall be 1,6 times the effect of the tipping forces. 5.4.2 Safety in terms of stress General safety in terms of stress of the steel shall be proved by calculation by applying the uniform safety factor S = 1,5 against the yield stress. Other materials ‘shall be dealt with similarly. In the load cases where primary and supplementary loads are combined, the safety factor S = 1,33 may be used. This load case arises, for example, for forklift trucks, where the rated load on one axle only occurs ‘when the truck is braked. 5.4.8 Buckling Proof of adequate resistance to buckling for components subjected to compression shall be obiained in accordance with valid standards and guidelines. 5.4.4 Stresses caused by the operation of the automatic safety device , For this load case, the yiold stross may be applied (Gafety fector 1,0) throughout the full cross-section, as Tong as there is equilibrium between the internal and. extemal forces. Proof of resistance to buckling for cortponents subjected to compression may in this case be demonstrated by applying the safety factor S = 1,93. NOT. In tis load ease, permanant deformation is acceptable, Drovided that failure ofthe sucrure does not occur 6 Safety requirements and measures 6.1 General safety requirements and measures 6.1.1 Gradients Dock levellers shall be so designed that the gradiont in the operational position does not exceed #126% (approximately + 7°). 6.1.2 Anti-slip properties (slip resistance) ‘The areas of dock levellors which are used by persons or transport equipment shall have anti-slip properties. ‘The surface should be so designed that fluids can run away. NOTE 1, Suitable antisip properties are sutioes with profiles ot antalip treatment NOTE 2,A CEN working group will eaborete an approved test rethod for sliopesiness. The results wil be used in a future revision of this etanderd.Bt 3° his) | Le ‘on ' Wada | Lk Page 8 EN 1398 : 1997 6.1.8 Width 6.1.8.1 Standard width ‘The dock leveiler shall be a minimum of 0,707 wider than the track width of the transport equipment as ‘specified in the manufacturer's instructions, but at least 125 m wide. [NOTE 1. This isto male available a minimum safety width on each side of wansport equipment. [NOTE 2 The with of a dock leveller should correspond to the width ofthe loading surface of the loading vehicle. 6.1.8.2 Reduced width ‘As an exception, the minimum width of 1,25m may be reduced if: ~ facilities at the operator's premises make this, necessary and the operator tales measures to prevent persons or transport equipment from falling; = transport equipment is guided on to the dock leveller and the operating personnel can use an area in the middle of the leveller; = dock levellers are used for access to doors in vehicles or buildings which are less than 1,25 m in ‘width and precautions against falling have been taken (eg. the gap between the dock and vehicle is, Jess than 0,200). 6.14 Support in the resting position Dock levellens which are attached to ramp edges and folded upwards in the unused position shall be equipped with automatically operating and positively engaged mechanical devices to prevent them from falling down, e.g. hooks, bolts or bars. ‘These devices shall withstand the load resulting from the dead load of the dock leveller in the stowed position, from the wind force as given in 5.1.2.4 and from the impact load given in 5.1.2.7. The device shall be so designed that it cannot be disengaged unintentionally. Dock levellers which are integrated into traffic areas shall be so designed that they form a level surface in, the resting position with their neighbouring surfaces and skall be automatically supported to accept the rated load. 6.15 Tripping hazards Dock levellers shall be designed so that they do not cause a tripping hazard in the traific area for loading. Dock levellers, supported on the loading surface of a vehicle, shall automatically adjust to helght changes (free-floating condition) during the loading operation. ‘Tripping hazards between dock levellers and vehicle loading surfaces which occur if the vehicle loading surface is tilted along its longitudinal axis shall be prevented, for example by means of: ~ sufficient torsional flexibility of the dock leveller, or — hinged lips which automatically adapt themselves to the lateral angle of the vehicle loading surfice. 6.1.6 Prevention of an unsupported operational position Manually operated dock levellers which ate installed i traffic areas shell be designed so that, when unloaded they cannot remain in the near horizontal position unless they are supported. A difference in height of ‘maxiraum 100 rem to the supported position, measure at the front edge, is permitted. ‘A near horizontal position is a position with a maximum vertical distance of 50 mm between the doc plate and the level of the traffic area, measured at the front edge of the dock leveller ‘The supporting device, eg. blocks, bars or bolts, shall be able to withstand the rated load without permaner deformation. 6.1.7 Prevention of unintentional movement Dociclevellers shall be designed to prevent ‘unintentional movement during the loading operation. If powercriven dock levellers are equipped with the ‘function ‘automatic rebum to resting position’, the movement to the resting position shall only be startec when the vehicle has left the loading position. Manually operated dock levellers shall be so designee that they cannot leave their supported position on the vehicle during the Ioading process. 6.L8 Crushing and shearing hazards Crushing and shearing hazards at dock levellers, Detween dock levellers and neighbouring components and between dock levellers and the vehicle loading surface shall be avoided or, if unavoidable, shall be safeguarded. Crushing and shearing hazards between the edges of installed dock levellers and the neighbouring traffic areas can be avolded by using rigid side panels (ee figure 82). Gnushing and shearing hazards between the folded lig and the dock leveller frame are to be considered as being safeguarded if @ vertical ot horizontal safety distance of at least 25 mm between the lip edge and the frame components is maintained when supported (Gafety distance for fingers according to EN 340 : 0G: Support blocks of the required static width require nc safety distance (see figure 3b). Crushing and shearing hazards between dock leveller and vehicle loading sucfaces are to be considered as safeguarded as follows: ~ for manually operated dock levellers, by the operating person; = for poweroperated dock levellers, by comespondence with the requirements of 6.9.2.2. enstyPage 9 EN 1398 1997 9) Side panos to avoid crushing of feet Figure 2. Safeguarding of erushing and shearing hazards xy Z ale TOTAL ATTTTETETTTTTTTTTTTTTTOT OUTED titties + 1) Safety distance between lip edge and frame 6.1.9 Supporting device for maintenance Installed dock levellers shall be fitted with a mechanical prop or device which, when operated, will ‘support the unloaded leveller at its maintenance position and allow maintenance work to be carried out in safety: This prop or device shall form part of the dock leveller and it shall not be possible for it to be unintentionally disengaged. 6.1.10 Visibility of lifted or lowered dock levellers ‘The visible side components of installed dock levellers, ‘when raised, and the visible side areas when at the lowered position, as well as the side components of dock levellers resting in a vertical position, shall be clearly marked in yellow/black to indicate danger. The lips are excluded from this requirement. 6.2 Additional requirements for manually operated dock levellers Manually operated dock levellers which are moved by directly applied human forces shall fulft the requirements of 6.2 in addition to 6.1. 6.2.1 Protection against dangerous movements inuse ‘Dock boards shail be designed so that they can be secured and supported so that they will not move in ‘an unsafe manner when used by pedestrians or vehicles. ‘This may be achioved by bolts, bars or teeth which engage at the dock edge or the frame of the vehicle, © B81 1908 6.2.2 Manual operation Dock boards to be cartied by one man shall not exceed 300 N in weight. IF two men are to be used, ‘then the weight shall not exceed 600 N. All dock bozrds of over 600 N in weight shall be equipped with devices that allow the handling of the dock boards by using forces lower than 300 N, or shall be fitted with means to enable safe movernent by mechanical handling equipment. Devices, eg, castors, to lighten the movement and operation of dock boards are recommended. =, Lifting handles shall be fited to all dock boards to be manually moved. Dock boards which are hinged at dock edges shall not rosure a manual force of more than 300 N to pivot em, Mechanically operated dock levellers installed in docks or in the floor shall not require a manual force of more than 300 N to operate them. 6.2.8 Adjustment of dock levellers with mechanical drives All counterbalanced, spring-operated and other stored-energy-operated dock levellers shall be provided ‘with means of adjustment to compensate for wear. and frictional changes which could affect the balance and ‘the bias of the platform. ‘The adjustment device shall ensure that the manual ‘operating force remains below 300 N.-BSEN , “1398 th) 2F an BRE 3 L Page 10 EN 1398 : 1997 6.8 Additional requirements for power-operated dock levellers 6.3.IRsutomnatic safety device— ‘Unsupported! power-operated dock Levellers shall be secured automatically against uncontrolled and Gangerous lowering when carrying more than 10% of the rated load, eg. by a hydraulic valve mounted irectly on the lifting cylinder. In the case of a dock leveller with a small closed height due to the lack of space on the site, ifthe lifting cylinder has to be inclined at a steep angle, the 10% value may be increased up to 25%. This value shall be specified by the manufacturer Ifsuch a lowering starts, eg, by the loading vehicle driving away before the dock leveller has returned to its resting position, the dock leveller shall either: ~ stop within a distance of 0,20:m, measured at the front edge of the bridge deci or ~ reduce the lowering speed to not more than 0,05 mvs, -An automatic safety device is not necessary if the ‘vehicle is interlocked with the dock leveller during the loading process, e.g. by a hook. 6.3.2 Requirements for control 6.3.2.1 Control system, ‘The control system shall be designed according to prEN S541 ; 1996, category 2. 6.3.2.2 Location of controls ‘The control panel of poweroperated dock levellers shall be located and designed so that operating personnel can easily observe all movements and the ‘operator is clear of all risks from the leveller and the vehicle. 6.3.2.3 Controls Controls shall be designed so that if they are released: ~ the dock leveller will become stationary; or =the dock leveller will lower itself under its own weight at a speed not exceeding 0151s, measured at the front edge of the dock plate. 6.3.2.4 Control of automatic return Jn exception to 6.8.2.3, the renum movement of the dock leveller to its resting position may be automatic, started automatically or by the operator Automatic return is only allowed when the dock leveller is unloaded and when the vehicle has left its loading position. Unintentional movement shall be avoided according 6.17. 6.8.2.5 Design of controls ‘The controls of power-operated dock levellers shall be arranged and marked so that their functions are easily understandable. They shall also be designed, arranged and safeguarded against unintentional operation, e.g. by flush installation on the contzol panel. NOTE, The use of symbols or pictgrams is recorumended, 9 Seteneul fv 6.3 2BEMERIMET TE LETD Powerdiriven dock levellers shall be equipped with clearly marked and easily accessible emergency stor device according to EN 418: 1992, by which all movements of the dock leveller can be stopped in t! event of danger. The emergency stop device shall be located on the controt panel or close by. ‘The function of the emergency device and the main switch may be combined in one switching unit whic fulfils the following requirements for both: ~ power switching performance (AC 1); ~ one ON and OFF position only; lockable in the OFF position; and ~ easily visible red control component in front of contrasting yellow background. 63.2.7 Main switch All poweroperated dock levellers shall be equipped ‘with 2 main switch to disconnect all electrical live ‘conductors under full electrical load conditions, The ‘main switch shall be lockable at the OFF position tc prevent unintentional and unauthorized operation. 63.2.8 Stopping of dock levelters In the event of activation of the emergency switch, main switch, or of a power loss, all movernents of ‘powersiriven dock levellers shall stop. 63.2.9 Provention of automatic start-up After a power loss or the activation of the main swil or emergency stop control (see 6.3.2.8), power shall be restored by a manually operated control The control shall ensure that there is no movement. uncontrolled by the user of the dock leveller unless this is to enable the dock leveller to retum to the resting or operating position at: speeds not exceeding 0,15 m/s. 6.3.3 Requirements for electrical equipment 63.3.1 General The electrical installation shall be designed and the electrical equipment shall be selected such that avoidance of hazards due to the electrical energy is ensured. Electrical installations shall be in compliance with, 2 designed according to, the relevant standards, eg. HD 384441 SI and HD 384.447 S2. ‘The electrical installations shall be capable of withstanding the mechanical, thermic and climatic stresses expected to occur during normal service duties of the dock leveller ‘The potential hazards of the electromagnetic characteristics of the installation shall be considered ‘The nominal data specified for the electrical equipry by the manufacturer of the dock leveller shall not be exceeded. ost6.3.3.2 Protection mode ‘The minimum mode for the protection of electrical housings from the ingress of water and foreign matter shall be in accordance with IP 84 of EN 60529 : 1991, 68.3.8 Contactors Contactors shall have a mechanical life compatible ‘with a periodic rating class 0.3 and meet the minimum design requirements to service category AC 8 according to EN 60947-4-1 : 1991; HD 419.21. 63.8.4 Solenoid valves Coils of solenoid valves shall be designed for continuous operation. 6.3.4 Requirements for hydraulic and pneumatic equipment 6.3.4.1 General Hydraulic and pneumatic equipment shall be designed according to EN 982; 1996 and EN 983 : 1996. Hiydraulic and pneumatic cylinders, pipes and their connections which may be subjected to the pressure permitted by the pressurexelief valve shall be designed to withstand, without permanent deformation, at least: — in hydraulic systems, two times this pressure; ~ in pneumatic systems, three times this pressure. Hoses shall be dimensioned to withstand a bursting pressure equal to at least three times the pressure permitted by the pressurerelief valve. Parts which are subject to overload under automatic safety operation shall be designed to withstand this overload pressure. 6.3.4.2 Pressure-relief valve A pressurerelief valve shall be fitted in all systems and. shall be positioned and set so that it s not possible to operate at a pressure of more than 115% of the normal working pressure. ‘This valve shall be secured against unanthorized adjustment. 63.4.3 Cylinders It shall not be possible for the positioning mechanism to lower away from the platform ifthe platform travel is unintentionally blocked. Jt shall not be possible for the supporting medium to Grain out of the cylinder if the platform descent is blocked. Cylinders shall be mounted so that they are subjected only to axial loads. © BST 1908 Page 11 EN 1398 : 1997 6.3.4.4 Venting When a hydraulic system is fitted, unless it is designed to be self-venting, means shall be provided for venting trapped air which could interfere with the safe operation of the dock leveller. 6.3.4.5 Pipes and hoses Hydraulic and pneumatic pipes and hoses shall be designed, mounted and (where necessary) protected to preclude damage from rubbing, chafing, bending etc. during normal operation. 6.3.4.6 Air supply When a pneumatic system is fitted, the air supplied to ‘the dock leveller shall be clean and free frorn liquids according to the manufacturer's specification. 7 Verification. ‘Table 2 indicates the method(s) by which the safety requirements and measures described in clause 6 shall be verified, together with a reference to the corresponding subclauses in this standard,BS EN | ath Page 12 ,, 1398 EN 1398 : 1997 [Table 2. Means of verification of the safety requirements and measures Sabelause | Safety requirements and measures Inspection | Function test | Measure: LL Gradients x 6.12 Anti-slip properties x with x ; ‘Support in the resting position x x Val ‘Tripping hazards x x ty Prevention of unsupported positions x 1 Prevention of unintentional movement, x | | ‘Crushing and shearing hazards s x Supporting device for maintenance x x i Visibility of lited or lowered dock levellers x Protection against dangerous movements in use x Pe Manual operation x x to fat Adjustment of dock levellers with mechanical drivel x | Automatic safety device i Control system x) | poems : {jt ‘Controls x ‘ 632.4 | Control of automate retum x i 63.2.5 Design of control instruments x | 63.2.6 Emergency stop device x 7 | 622.7 | tain switch - ea 63.2.8 ‘Stopping of dock levellers. x ‘ 63.2.9 Prevention of automatic startup x if} fesse Requirements for electrical equipment; general |x 1 6.3.3.2, Protection mode x) f 63.3.8 Contactors x [~ 6.3.3.4 Solenoid valves x Gi 6341 ‘Requirements for hydraulic and pneumatic ' equipment; general x 6.3.4.2 Pressure-elief valve x i 63.48 Cylinders x 6.344 ‘Venting x 1 6.3.4.5 Pipes and hoses x i 63.4.6 Air supply x 9 Or declaration by the manufacturer.8 Information for use ‘Manufacturers, importers or suppliers shall supply dock levellers with the essential marking and with written instructions for use, including installation, operation, maintenance and inspection, in the official Tanguage(s) of the country of installation. 8.1 Marking ‘The following data shall be easily visible and permanently fixed to each dock leveller: manufacturer or supplier, country of the manufacturer or supplier; = type; ~ manufacturing number; year of manufacture; = rated load; and additionally for dock levellers with extemal power supplies: = details of supply required (for electrical equipment: voltage, frequency, power) 8.2 Instructions for use 8.2.1 Installation instructions All details to ensure an easy and safe installation shall bbe given by manufacturers, importers or suppliers, eg ower connection, dimensions for the pit, fixing details 8.2.2 Operating instructions ‘The instructions shall contain necessary details about safety in use, regarding: ~ purpose of the equipment; ial start-up; use and function during operation, and faults in operation; ~ essential instructions for safe operation. ‘The essential instructions for safe operation shall particularly contain, but not be restricted to, the following. — Dock levellers shall not be operated above their rated load, ~ Dock levellers shall not be operated above their permitted gradients. = The vehicle shall be positioned not more than 0,20 m from the loading dock if dock levellers with a reduced width as given in 6.1.8.2 are used. ~ Transport equipment with a track width of more than the permitted value shall not be used. = When not in use, dock levellers shall be immediately returned to their resting position. = Unless an automatic return system is fitted, care shall be taken to ensure that the vehicle does not depart before the dock leveller is returned to its resting position = Dock boards shall be fixed during operation so that they are secured against unintentional. movernent ~ Dock boards shall be safely stored after ise. OBST 1998 Page 13 EN 1398 : 1987 8.2.8 Brief operating instructions Dock levellers shall be equipped with brief operating ‘instructions in the same language(s) as described in clause 8, or with illustrations which can be Permanently affixed and easily visible near the operator's location, These Instictions shall include the rated load. 8.8 Instructions for maintenance and inspection In order to ensure proper and safe maintenance and inspection of the dock leveller and, if necessary, special devices, the user shall comply with the instructions on maintenance and inspection provided by the manufacturer Where applicable, this shall include, but not be limited to, the folowing. 8.3.1 Maintenance Maintenance work shall be carried out by a competent person at regular intervals in accordance with the ‘manufacturer's documentation. Existing regulations ‘and safety requirements shall be observed. ‘The drive units of power-operated dock levellers shall be switched off and safeguarded against unintentional ‘and unauthorized operation prior to carrying out service or maintenance. An exception hereto is the function test, where the maintenance person observes. the dock leveller carrying out certain functions in ‘order to detect failures. If service of maintenance work is carried out underneath raised dock levellers, they are to be secured against descending by use of the maintenance prop or device (see 6.1.9). 8.3.2 Inspection Dock levellers which are permanently affixed to buildings shall be inspected for safe function by a competent person prior to the initial start-up. Intervals for inspections shall be given by the manufacturer. Other types of dock leveller shall be inspected regularly, as necessary for safety, according to the ‘manufacturer's instructions. ‘The inspection includes in particula: visual inspection regarding outwardly recognizable ‘wear and damage; = functional checks; ~ completeness and effectiveness of safety installations. Dock levellers shall also be inspected after major repairs, e.g. repairs on structural components by ‘welding. The extent of inspection required is determined by the extent of the repair work needed. Wiitten records of the results of all inspections, with the date, name, address and signature of the competent person, shall be Kept by the user,BS EN |,! Page 14. 1398 EN 1398 : 1997 Annex A (informative) A.J General ‘particular, if relevant: — width and gradient; i | unintentional movement; ~ support in resting position, absence of tripping hazards, ‘unintentional lowering; and shearing hazards; 1 ~ effectiveness of the supporting device; | | labels and markings; ~ manual operating forces, 2 pneumatic equipment; iy ~ compliance of the electrical equipment with the ‘requirements; ie with A.2; ~ satisfactory function of the automatic safety device | inset i 3 ! in a signed report. Eg88 ees eI ETL a] Examples of suitable tests If a sample of a dock leveller is subject to a type examination, the following points are examined in completeness and correctness of documentation; — compliance of the test sample with documentation; anti-slip characteristics of the traffic areas; ~ effectiveness of the safety devices to prevent | | te ~ effectiveness of safety devices to prevent ~ effectiveness of safety devices to prevent crushing ~ condition and quality of the hydraulic or = stability of the dock leveller in accordance ‘The results of the tests, as well as the name and address of the testing persons or institute, are recorded, A.2 Stability test ‘The test load is the rated load multiplied by the safe factor (see 5.4.2) and the dynamic factor (See 5.1.2. ‘The dock leveller is supported in a horizontal positic on the completely extended lip. The test load is, positioned in the centre and also offset on the docle leveller in accordance with figure A.1 and figure A.2. “After the test, the dock leveller shall not show a visi permanent deformation. A.B Function test of the automatic safety dev. "The test load of 10% (respectively 25 % see 6.3.1) of the rated load is positioned on the dock leveller in t middle of the deck plate. The dock leveller is supported horizontally on the lip which is in the ‘operational position. The temperature of the ‘environment is 20°C +10°C. After removal of the supporting device, the dock leveller shall be stopped or have its speed reduced t the automatic safety device. The falling distance sha not be greater than 0,20 m, measured at the front ed ‘The reduced speed shall be not more than 0,05 ms. constPage 15 EN 1398 : 1997 dracon of tavel Dimensions in m key: width ofthe dock veer Figure A.1 Stability test for load case 1 O71 Deacon of travel, wo gis Dimensions m Hu key: b width ofthe dock aveter Figure A.2 Stability test for load case 2 Lc ; © pst 1988Page 16 EN 1398 : 1997 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this European Standard with EU Directives ‘This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Comission a European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of the following EU Directives: Machinery Directive 89/292/BEC; its amendments 91/369/EEC and 99/44/BE0; Low Voltage Directive 72/2480; except 6.2 of this standard. Compliance with this standard provides one means of conforming with the specific essential requirements © Directives concerned. 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