E

Series
Student

Addition and
Subtraction
My name
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 Series E – Addition and Subtraction
Contents
Topic 1 – Addition mental strategies (pp. 1–15) Date completed

• number complements___________________________ / /

• doubles and near doubles________________________ / /

• bridge to ten__________________________________ / /

• jump strategy__________________________________ / /

• split strategy version 1__________________________ / /

• split strategy version 2__________________________ / /

• applying the split strategy________________________ / /

• compensation strategy__________________________ / /

• category match – apply__________________________ / /

Topic 2 – Subtraction mental strategies (pp. 16–27)

• addition and subtraction_________________________ / /

• subtraction strategy review_______________________ / /

• jump strategy__________________________________ / /

• split strategy__________________________________ / /

• compensation strategy__________________________ / /

• subtract to zero – apply__________________________ / /

• subtraction grid puzzles – solve___________________ / /

 Series E – Addition and Subtraction
Contents
Topic 3 – Written methods (pp. 28–35) Date completed

• 3 digit addition with regrouping___________________ / /

• 3 digit subtraction with regrouping_________________ / /

• 4 digit addition________________________________ / /

• addition and subtraction challenges________________ / /

• biggest total – apply____________________________ / /

• claim the difference – apply______________________ / /

Topic 4 – Money (pp. 36–41)

• coin combinations______________________________ / /

• finding change_________________________________ / /

• using money__________________________________ / /

• calculate the change – apply______________________ / /

Series Author:

Nicola Herringer

Copyright ©
Addition mental strategies – number complements

Two numbers that add together are called complements.

12 and 8 are complements to 20 because 12 + 8 = 20
35 and 65 are complements to 100 because 35 + 65 = 100

1 Loop the complements in each set:

a Complements b Complements
to 20. There are 7 4 14 to 50. There 26 12 30 20
three to find. 10 1 6 are eight to 24 38 15 35
The first one find:
has been done 10 12 8 17 45 5 40
for you.
33 18 32 10

2 Complete these complement webs. Start with the centre number and subtract.
Write your answers in the ovals:
50 50
50 50 50 50
–10 –50
–26 –20 –60 –30
a 50 –5 50 –25 50 b 50 –15 100 –90 50
– – – –
–30 –20
15 35 75 25
50 50

3 Show how knowing the complements to 20, 50 and 100 makes adding easier. You
may want to loop the complements first. The first one has been done for you.

a 80 + 20 + 15 + 5 100 + 20 = 120
= _____________________________________

b 18 + 2 + 30 + 20 + 10 + 10 = _____________________________________

c 25 + 25 + 40 + 30 + 20 + 10 = _____________________________________

d 15 + 35 + 20 + 30 + 10 + 12 = _____________________________________

Addition and Subtraction

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Addition mental strategies – number complements
4 Complete the complements to 50:

a + 38 = 50 b + 17 = 50

c 25 + = 50 d 32 + = 50

e + 46 = 50 f + 28 = 50

g 14 + = 50 h 7 + = 50

5 Complete the complements to 100:

a + 54 = 100 b + 22 = 100

c + 46 = 100 d 33 + = 100

e 62 + = 100 f 25 + = 100

g + 45 = 100 h + 48 = 100

6 Complete the addition crosses where the numbers add to 100 vertically and
horizontally. The rules are, they must be symmetrical and only contain multiples of 5.

15

25

a 45 5 100 5 b 25 100 50

25

25

2 E 1 Addition and Subtraction

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Addition mental strategies – doubles and near doubles

Doubles facts are the same number added together.

3 + 3 = 6 is the same as saying double 3 is 6.
Near doubles is when you use the doubles fact and then adjust either by adding
or subtracting.
See: 6 + 7
Think: double 6 + 1

1 Circle all the + 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

doubles facts. 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
The first two are
circled for you. 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Next, shade all the 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
doubles facts +1,
then the double 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
facts –1: 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
5 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
8 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
9 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

a double 1 = b double 1 + 1 = c double 1 – 1 =

double 2 = double 2 + 1 = double 2 – 1 =

double 3 = double 3 + 1 = double 3 – 1 =

double 4 = double 4 + 1 = double 4 – 1 =

double 5 = double 5 + 1 = double 5 – 1 =

double 6 = double 6 + 1 = double 6 – 1 =

double 7 = double 7 + 1 = double 7 – 1 =

double 8 = double 8 + 1 = double 8 – 1 =

double 9 = double 9 + 1 = double 9 – 1 =

Addition and Subtraction

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Addition mental strategies – doubles and near doubles
2 Complete each near double diagram. Start with the double Start by looking at the
in the centre and work clockwise. You will need to think in first number.
For 21 + 18, think double
doubles and then adjust. 20 add 1 and then subtract
2 so the answer is 39.
20 + 22 =

23 + 19 = 20 + 18 =

a 21 + 19 = 20 + 20 = 20 + 21 =

20 + 19 = 20 + 17 =

21 + 22 =
Start by looking at the
first number.
For 51 + 48, think double
50 + 49 = 50 add 1 and then subtract
2 so the answer is 99.

53 + 49 = 50 + 47 =

b 51 + 47 = 50 + 50 = 50 + 51 =

52 + 49 = 51 + 49 =

50 + 46 =

3 Show how you would explain to someone how to add each of these using
near doubles.
a 30 + 32

b 25 + 23

c 100 + 97

4 E 1 Addition and Subtraction

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Addition mental strategies – bridge to ten

Bridge to ten is when we count on to the next 10 and then add what is left.
122 + 12 = 134

+8 +4

122 130 134

1 How many to the next ten? The first one has been done for you.

+5
a 145  150 b 243 

c 558  d 167 

e 346  f 179 

2 Use the number lines to bridge to ten:

+ +

a 253 + 15 =
253

+ +

b 464 + 14 =
464

+ +

c 671 + 17 =
671

Addition and Subtraction

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SERIES TOPIC
Addition mental strategies – bridge to ten
3 Write a problem that matches the number line:

a + =

+3 +9

b + =

+6 +8

c + =

+4 +7

4 Complete these addition grids by bridging to the next ten in your head:

a + 356 78 586 287 385 984

12

b + 298 566 252 176 368 146

16

6 E 1 Addition and Subtraction

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Addition mental strategies – jump strategy

When we add, we can use the jump strategy to help us. Look at 57 + 22:
1 First we jump up by the tens.
2 Then we jump up by the units.

+10 +10 +2

57 67 77 79
57 + 22 = 79

1 Practise jumping in tens along the arrows:

a 12

b 53

c 123

2 Use the jump strategy to add these:

+10 +10 +10 +10 +10 +2

a 78 + 52 =
78 88

b 115 + 44 =

c 185 + 63 =

Addition and Subtraction

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SERIES TOPIC
Addition mental strategies – jump strategy
3 Below are some number lines that only show the jumps. Complete the number
line for the problem that matches and then write the complete problem.
187 + 54 179 + 62 78 + 53

a + =

b + =

c + =

4 Use the Cupcake sales

jump Day Red velvet Lemon drop Coconut Chocolate
strategy to Saturday 165 82 55 135
add these: Sunday 43 98 65 36

a How many red velvet cupcakes were sold over the weekend?

+ =

b How many lemon drop and coconut cupcakes were sold on Saturday?

+ =

c How many chocolate cupcakes were sold over the weekend?

+ =

8 E 1 Addition and Subtraction

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Addition mental strategies – split strategy version 1

When adding large numbers in our heads, it can be easier to split one of the
numbers into parts and add each part separately.

40
112 + 46  112 + 40 = 152  152 + 6 = 158
6

1 Practise separating these numbers into tens and units. The first one has been done
for you.

40
a 48 b 63 c 52 d 27
8

2 Practise adding
the tens to + 20 50 30 70 60
these numbers: 123

214

3 Use the split strategy with these problems. The first one has been done for you.

50
a 48 + 53  48 + 50 = 98  98 + 3 = 101
3

b 65 + 38  

c 112 + 25  

d 332 + 66  

Addition and Subtraction

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Addition mental strategies – split strategy version 2

Here is another way to use the split strategy.

42 + 32 = (4 tens + 3 tens) + (2 units + 2 units)
= 7 tens + 4 units
= 74

1 Use this way to add these:

a 63 + 37 = ( + ) + ( + )
tens tens units units

= +
tens units

b 88 + 23 = ( + ) + ( + )
Ten units are 1 ten.
tens tens units units
So if I have 3 tens + 10 units,
= + I really have 4 tens or 40.

tens units

c 56 + 15 = ( + ) + ( + )
tens tens units units

= +
tens units

d 65 + 28 = ( + ) + ( + )
tens tens units units

= +
tens units

2 Use either version of

the split strategy to
+ 23 78 63 55 36
complete this table: 45
39

10 E 1 Addition and Subtraction

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Addition mental strategies – applying the split strategy
1 Complete these addition wheels with the split strategy:

55 31 34 78
a 26 212 + 46 b 14 128 + 61
52 68 31 27

The split strategy is useful when adding three 2 digit numbers.

Try adding tens, then the units and recording it this way:
61 + 43 + 44 = 14 tens + 8 units = 140 + 8 = 148

2 Record these place value amounts:

a 8 tens = b 17 tens = c 15 tens =

d 5 units = e 12 tens = f 16 units =

3 At circus school, a competition was held to see who could stay on a unicycle the
longest. The time was recorded in seconds. Using the split strategy, add up each
person’s time. The first one has been done for you.

Time in
Names seconds Working Total in
seconds
a Lizzie 22, 14, 3 3 tens + 9 units 39

b Dan 23, 4, 11

c Lily 21, 6, 14

d Jo 20, 8, 12 The winner is:

e Julio 4, 22, 12 ___________

Addition and Subtraction

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SERIES TOPIC
Addition mental strategies – compensation strategy

Sometimes we round one number in the problem to make it easier to do in

our heads. Then we adjust our answer to compensate:
23 + 19 = 42

23 + 20 – 1 I rounded up by 1,

43 – 1 = 42 so I subtract 1.

1 Practise rounding:

a 148  b 39  c 47 

d 109  e 96  f 199 

2 Use the compensation method with these problems. Round the second number up
to the closest ten. Compensate by subtracting.

a 32 + 29 = b 55 + 38 =

32 + 30 55 + 40

_________ = _________ =

c 66 + 19 = d 22 + 39 =

66 + ____ 22 + ____

_________ = _________ =

12 E 1 Addition and Subtraction

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Addition mental strategies – compensation strategy
3 Now let’s try the compensation method with rounding the second number down.
Round these numbers down to the closest ten. Compensate by adding.

a 75 + 22 = b 45 + 41 =

75 + 20 45 + 40
When we
round down
_______ =
_______ = we compensate
by adding.
When we
round up we
compensate
by subtracting.
c 26 + 32 = d 66 + 53 =

26 + ___ 66 + ____

________ = ________ =

4 Use the compensation method to solve this riddle.

What vehicle is spelled the same forwards as it is backwards?
Match the letter to the answer in the grid at the bottom.

a 125 + 48 = A b 115 + 41 = R

c 55 + 51 = C d 715 + 28 = E

156 173 106 743 106 173 156

Addition and Subtraction

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SERIES TOPIC
 Category match apply

Getting
ready This is a game for two players. Each player will need to
copy and cut out the cards on page 15 as well as the
game board below. copy

What
to do Each player cuts out a set of the cards. Join both sets and shuffle
well. Place face down into one pile in the centre. Each player turns
over four of the digit cards and places each digit on their game
board. Digit cards can’t be moved once they have been placed.
Players then use a mental strategy to work out the answer and
score points according to which category the answer fits into.
Some answers may fit into more than one category.

Ends in even number 1 point

Ends in odd number 2 points

Less than 50 5 points

Greater than 150 10 points

Multiple of 5 10 points

Between 120 and 140 5 points

+ =

14 E 1 Addition and Subtraction

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Category match apply


9 8 7 6 5
4 3 2 1 9
9 8 7 6 5
4 3 2 1 9
4 3 2 1 9
4 3 2 1 9
Addition and Subtraction
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SERIES TOPIC
Subtraction mental strategies – addition and subtraction

Knowing one addition fact means you also know two related subtraction facts.
Because 7 + 3 = 10 you know that 10 – 7 = 3 and 10 – 3 = 7

1 Make a group of facts for each pair of numbers. The first one has been done for you.

a 15 35 b 45 55 c 73 27

15 + 35 = 50

50 – 15 = 35

50 – 35 = 15

d 105 15 e 120 10 f 135 10

2 Complete each number trail:

+ 10
a 150  – 15
 + 50
 + 30


– 50 + 25 – 30 + 55
b 200    

+ 11 + 50 + 50 – 20
c 99    

+ 24 + 35 + 15 – 25
d 76    

16 E 2 Addition and Subtraction

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Subtraction mental strategies – subtraction strategy review

Look for patterns: 6 – 2 = 4 so 60 – 20 = 40 and 600 – 200 = 400

72 – 9 = 63 so 62 – 9 = 53 and 52 – 9 = 43
Count on: When numbers are close together, you can count on to find
the difference.
+4

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Complements: 35 + 65 = 100 so 100 – 35 = 65

12 + 8 = 20 so 20 – 8 = 12
Near doubles: See: 15 – 7 Think: (14 – 7) + 1

1 This hundred grid makes it easier to see subtraction patterns. Use it to complete
the sets.
Set 1 Set 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 17 – 9 = 21 – 6 =
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
27 – 9 = 31 – 6 =
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 37 – 9 = 41 – 6 =
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
47 – 9 = 51 – 6 =

71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
57 – 9 = 61 – 6 =
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 67 – 9 = 71 – 6 =

2 Extend these subtractions according to the patterns:

a 9 – 6 = 90 – 60 = 900 – 600 =

b 14 – 8 = 140 – 80 = 1 400 – 800 =

c 24 – 14 =

d 69 – 32 =

Addition and Subtraction

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SERIES TOPIC
Subtraction mental strategies – subtraction strategy review
3 Use counting on to complete these:

a 32 – 29 = b 33 – 28 = c 34 – 27 =

d 71 – 68 = e 82 – 76 = f 73 – 69 =

g 83 – 77 = h 112 – 109 = i 201 – 196 =

4 Complete these function tables using counting on:

a In Rule Out b In Rule Out c In Rule Out

120 102 87

123 104 81
– 118 – 96 – 78
126 108 85

124 101 83

5 Complete this cross 1 2 3

number puzzle. Using
4 5 6
complements to 100
will help. 7 8 9

10 11 12

Across Down
1 100 – 80 = 8 100 – 49 = 1 100 – 78 = 7 100 – 62 =

2 100 – 89 = 9 100 – 61 = 2 100 – 88 = 8 100 – 46 =

3 100 – 5 = 10 100 – 52 = 3 100 – 2 = 9 100 – 65 =

4 100 – 28 = 11 100 – 66 = 4 100 – 24 =

5 100 – 22 = 12 100 – 75 = 5 100 – 29 =

7 100 – 64 = 6 100 – 11 =

18 E 2 Addition and Subtraction

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Subtraction mental strategies – subtraction strategy review
6 Use your knowledge of doubles and near doubles to complete these subtraction
tables. The first one in each has been done for you.

a See Think b See Think

19 – 9 = (18 – 9) + 1 15 – 8 = (16 – 8) – 1

201 – 100 = 31 – 16 =

141 – 70 = 99 – 50 =

71 – 35 = 87 – 44 =

c See Think d See Think

26 – 12 = (24 – 12) + 2 24 – 13 = (26 – 13) – 2

52 – 25 = 48 – 25 =

68 – 33 = 70 – 36 =

104 – 51 = 78 – 40 =

7 Complete this near double web, which is based on the subtraction double in the
centre. Start in the centre and work clockwise:

Start by looking at the

first number.
For 99 – 51, think
101 – 50 =
100 – 50 subtract 2 = 48
99 – 49 = 100 – 49 =

99 – 51 = 100 – 50 = 100 – 51 =

98 – 50 = 99 – 50 =

97 – 50 =

Addition and Subtraction

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SERIES TOPIC
Subtraction mental strategies – jump strategy

When we subtract, we can use the jump strategy to help us. Look at 99 – 42:
1 First we jump back by the tens.
2 Then we jump back by the units.
Start
–2 – 10 – 10 – 10 – 10

57 59 69 79 89 99
99 – 42 = 57

1 Solve these using the jump strategy:

a 125 – 42 =

b 168 – 36 =

c 335 – 54 =

d 245 – 45 =

20 E 2 Addition and Subtraction

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Subtraction mental strategies – jump strategy
2 It’s stocktake time at Candilicious sweet shop. Use the jump
strategy to work out how many of each type of sweet has
been sold.

Sweets Started with Amount left Sold

Cinnamon drops 254 45
Caramel melts 186 58
Milk bottles 145 65
Chocolate buds 165 34

a Cinnamon drops

– =

b Caramel melts

– =

c Milk bottles

– =

d Chocolate buds

– =

Addition and Subtraction

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SERIES TOPIC
Subtraction mental strategies – split strategy

When subtracting large numbers in our heads it can be easier to split

the number to be subtracted into parts and work with each part separately.
100

255 – 132 30 255 – 100 = 155 155 – 30 = 125 125 – 2 = 123

2 255 – 132 = 123

1 Practise splitting numbers into hundreds, tens and ones:

a 482 b 675 c 732 d 834

2 Complete these subtraction trails:

– 200 – 20 – 300 – 10
a 768    

– 100 – 50 – 20 – 50
b 463    

3 Use the split strategy with these problems:

a 456 – 212 b 378 – 165

456 – 200 = __________ 378 – 100 = __________

_____ – 10 = __________ _____ – 60 = __________

_____ – 2 = __________ _____ – 5 = __________

So, 456 – 212 = __________ So, 378 – 165 = __________

22 E 2 Addition and Subtraction

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Subtraction mental strategies – split strategy
4 Try these subtractions with the split strategy:

a 479 – 45 = __________ b 834 – 21 = __________

So, 479 – 45 = __________ So, 834 – 21 = __________

c 637 – 312 = __________ d 567 – 232 = __________

So, 637 – 312 = __________ So, 567 – 232 = __________

5 Solve these pyramid puzzles using any strategy you like. The two bricks add to
support the number on top. For example in puzzle a, 22 + 23 = 45.

a 175 b 370
45 135
22 23 80 55

c 220 d 530
95 280
40 120

Addition and Subtraction

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SERIES TOPIC
Subtraction mental strategies – compensation strategy

Sometimes we round one number in the problem to make it easier

to do in our heads. Then we adjust our answer to compensate:
125 – 49 = 76 I took off
1 extra so
125 – 50 + 1 I rounded up by 1, which I have to
add 1 back.
means I subtracted 1 extra
75 + 1 = 76 so we need to add 1 back.

1 Round these numbers to the closest ten. Then show how you rounded by
subtracting or adding the difference. The first one has been done for you.

80– 2
a 78 = __________ b 59 = __________ c 62 = __________

d 23 = __________ e 87 = __________ f 99 = __________

g 103 = __________ h 21 = __________ i 88 = __________

2 Solve these subtraction problems using compensation. Show your working.

a 136 – 29 = b 145 – 38 =

136 – 30 + 1 145 – 40 + 2

________ = ________ ________ = ________

c 156 – 39 = d 184 – 48 =

156 – ____ 184 – ____

__________ = ________ __________ = ________

Continued on page 25.

24 E 2 Addition and Subtraction

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Subtraction mental strategies – compensation strategy
Continued from page 24.

2 Solve these subtraction problems using compensation. Show your working.

e 145 – 29 = f 176 – 69 =

145 – 30 ____________

____________ = ________ ____________ = ________

g 365 – 42 = h 250 – 32 =

____________ ____________

____________ = ________ ____________ = ________

3 Answer these subtraction problems to solve the riddle below:

What swirls, loops, and circles on your fingertips, yet never moves?

a 65 – 29 = F b 145 – 32 = U c 175 – 61 = E

d 86 – 59 = O e 180 – 48 = I f 150 – 32 = N

g 96 – 42 = R h 75 – 33 = G i 155 – 49 = Y

j 166 – 55 = P k 185 – 19 = T l 370 – 28 = S

106 27 113 54 36 132 118 42 114 54 111 54 132 118 166 342

Addition and Subtraction

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SERIES TOPIC
 Subtract to zero apply

Getting
ready This is a game for two players. You will need a copy of
this page and 25 counters between you.
copy

What Player 1 covers a number on the grid with a counter and subtracts
to do
this number from 100. Player 2 then covers a number on the grid
with a counter and subtracts this number from Player 1’s answer.
Play continues until a player is able to pick one of the remaining
uncovered numbers to equal zero. If play continues without
anyone reaching zero, the lowest difference wins.

Sample game:

25 10 15 20 10
Player 1 covers
20 with a counter
and states the
subtraction fact:

10 50 30 10 25
100 – 20 = 80
Player 2 covers
30 with a counter
and states the

40 5 40 10 10
next subtraction
fact:
80 – 30 = 50
Player 1 then
covers 50 and
reaches zero
first, so wins
10 35 10 15 10
the round.

50 10 5 10 45

26 E 2 Addition and Subtraction

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SERIES TOPIC
Subtraction grid puzzles solve

What
to do Complete these subtraction cross number puzzles:

a 125 – 75 =

– – –

53 – = 14

= = =

– 36 =

b 350 – 228 =

– – –

165 – = 54

= = =

– 117 = 68

Addition and Subtraction

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SERIES TOPIC
Written methods – 3 digit addition with regrouping

This is the written method for addition when regrouping.

e: 730 First, estimate the answer to the nearest ten:
530 + 200 = 730
H T U Add the units: 4 + 7 = 11 units.
1 1 Think of this as 1 ten and 1 unit.
5 3 4
Write the 1 in the units column and put the 1 in the
tens column.
+ 1 9 7
Add the tens: 3 + 9 + 1 = 13 tens.
7 3 1 Write 3 in the tens column and 1 in the hundreds column.
Add the hundreds: 5 + 1 + 1 = 7 hundreds.
Is our answer reasonable? Yes, because it’s close to
our estimate.

1 Practise estimating answers by rounding to the nearest ten. The first one has been
done for you.

Question Estimate Question Estimate

a 682 + 179 680 + 180 = 860 b 271 + 119

c 359 + 222 d 378 + 119

e 587 + 398 f 412 + 98

g 189 + 108 h 911 + 207

2 Add these 3 digit numbers using the written method. First, estimate to the nearest ten.

e: e: e:
H T U H T U H T U

a 3 5 4 b 6 2 8 c 3 6 4

+ 2 1 7 + 2 1 3 + 2 2 8

Continued on page 29.

28 E 3 Addition and Subtraction

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Written methods – 3 digit addition with regrouping
Continued from page 28.

2 Add these 3 digit numbers using the written method:

e: e: e:

H T U H T U Th H T U

d 2 6 3 e 3 4 4 f 2 5 2

+ 1 3 9 + 4 5 9 + 2 4 9

e: e: e:
Th H T U Th H T U Th H T U

g 2 6 2 h 6 2 9 i 3 4 9

+ 5 4 9 + 2 8 9 + 3 8 7

3 Solve these word problems using the written method:

a At a muffin shop, 456 banana H T U
choc chip muffins were sold
on Saturday and 458 caramel
chunk muffins were sold on +
Sunday. How many muffins
were sold that weekend?

b A train left the station with Th H T U

389 people on board and then
another 678 people got on
over the next three stops. +
How many passengers were
on the train altogether?

Addition and Subtraction

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SERIES TOPIC
Written methods – 3 digit subtraction with regrouping
1 Subtract these 3 digit numbers using the written method. Start by writing your
estimate. Estimate to the nearest 10.

e: e: e:

H T U H T U H T U

a 6 5 2 b 7 6 1 c 5 9 2

– 3 2 7 – 2 2 9 – 4 4 8

You can use a

piece of scrap
paper to estimate
your answer to e: e:
the nearest 10.
H T U H T U

d 5 8 2 e 6 5 1

– 3 4 6 – 4 3 8

e: e: e:

H T U H T U H T U

f 9 6 2 g 8 8 2 h 7 4 3

– 6 4 9 – 6 6 6 – 3 3 9

30 E 3 Addition and Subtraction

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SERIES TOPIC
Written methods – 3 digit subtraction with regrouping
2 This sign shows the distances
of towns along a highway from Showtown 971 km
where the sign is. Find the
difference between these places. Roper 893 km
Ringer 692 km
Find the Eagle Bay 595 km
difference
means to Normanville 567 km
subtract.

a What is the distance between b What is the distance between

Ringer and Normanville? Roper and Eagle Bay?

H T U H T U

– –

km km

c What is the distance between d What is the distance between Roper

Showtown and Ringer? and Normanville?

H T U H T U

– –

km km

Addition and Subtraction

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SERIES TOPIC
Written methods – 4 digit addition
1 Add these 4 digit numbers:

Th H T U Th H T U Th H T U

a 3 3 5 3 b 2 5 4 6 c 4 5 2 4

+ 1 0 2 1 + 5 4 3 1 + 2 1 6 4

Th H T U Th H T U Th H T U

d 3 6 3 1 e 1 2 5 2 f 2 4 3 2

+ 1 3 5 7 + 5 3 3 3 + 5 3 4 6

2 Add these 4 digit numbers by regrouping:

Th H T U Th H T U Th H T U

a 6 6 3 8 b 4 2 4 5 c 3 4 2 9

+ 1 2 3 6 + 2 5 1 7 + 1 1 3 9

3 Add these 4 digit numbers by regrouping:

Th H T U Th H T U Th H T U

a 2 4 6 6 b 3 1 8 7 c 3 2 9 6

+ 2 1 8 7 + 3 0 5 9 + 2 1 5 8

32 E 3 Addition and Subtraction

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SERIES TOPIC
Written methods – addition and subtraction challenges
1 Write the numbers which are above each problem in the correct place:

a 4 3 9 b 8 3 3 2

3 6 2 6 5

+ 7 – 4

7 9 4 3

c 6 5 1 d 3 6 7

3 5

+ 2 3 – 2 4

8 4 8 2 4 3

2 Solve these. The same symbol means the same number.

a  3  b 6 2 9

+   4 +  1 
1 0 8 9  = 1 1 4 4  =

c  8  d  4 1

– 3  2 – 2 3 
1  2  = 3 0 6  =

Addition and Subtraction

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E 3 33

SERIES TOPIC
 Biggest total apply

Getting
ready This is a game for four players. Each player will need to
copy and cut out the digit cards below. They will also
need the addition frame on this page and a piece of copy
scrap paper to write the answer on.


0 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9
What Choose one person to be the caller.
to do
This person calls out the single digits above, randomly one at a time.
The other players place the digits in a box in the frame below, in
any order. Players must think carefully about which square to place
the digit, in order to create the largest total.
When all the players have filled in the frame, they complete
the addition.
The biggest answer scores a point. Play the best out of 5.

34 E 3 Addition and Subtraction

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SERIES TOPIC
Claim the difference apply

Getting
ready This is a game for two players. Each player will need to
copy and cut out the digit cards. To play you need to
share the number grid on this page. Each player should copy
have a piece of scrap paper to write the answer on and
three counters in the same colour, but different to the
other player.

What
to do The aim of the game is to claim any 3 numbers on the grid below.
Each player lays their digit cards upside down in front of them.
They then turn over four of the cards to form two 2 digit numbers
and find the difference.
If the answer is on the grid, they claim it by placing a counter on
the number. If it’s not, they can have a chance at rearranging the
four cards they turned over, to create a number on the grid. If they
can’t do this, it’s the next player’s turn.
Digit cards 

0 1 14 42 22 12

31 13 5 9
2 3
18 31 29 11
4 5 27 28 6 17

Addition and Subtraction

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E 3 35

SERIES TOPIC
Money – coin combinations

It is important that you are able to recognise these notes and coins so that you
are able to spend and save your money wisely.

1 Calculate the total of each group of cash:

a b

c d

36 E 4 Addition and Subtraction

Copyright © 3P Learning
SERIES TOPIC
Money – coin combinations
2 Make up each amount below using notes and coins in two different ways:

a Show $20:

b Show $50:

c Show $100:

Addition and Subtraction

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E 4 37

SERIES TOPIC
Money – finding change

When you buy something and you don’t have the exact
combination of notes and coins, you can pay with a larger
amount and get the difference back. This is called change.
If I paid for these flowers with $20, my change would be $8. $12

1 Find the change for each amount below. You could bridge to the next dollar and
count on or use a written subtraction. Show all your workings:

a I had $100. I spent $68. b I had $50. I spent $22.

Change = Change =

c I had $20. I spent $16.50. d I had $120. I spent $60.

Change = Change =

e I had $100. I spent $75. f I had $50. I spent $42.

Change = Change =

38 E 4 Addition and Subtraction

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SERIES TOPIC
Money – using money

When you plan a party, you usually buy things such as

food, drink and party favours. It’s a good idea to set a
budget before you go shopping so that you don’t spend
too much.

1 Here is a price list of party items:

Food Drink Party favours

Sausage rolls $3.20 Orange juice $2.75 10 party hats $3.80
Pizza slices $8.95 Lemonade $3.10 10 balloons $1.90
Burgers $7.65 Cola $3.25 4 game prizes $5.60

a Which two items of food and drink could I buy for less than $10? Show the change.

Change =

b Maxine bought a type of party food.

If her change was $2.35 and she Heidi’s shopping list:
paid with a $10 note, what did she
2 packs of sausage rolls... ___________
buy?
4 packs of pizza slices...... ___________

10 party hats................... ___________

20 balloons...................... ___________
c Look at the price lists for the party Orange juice.................... ___________
items at the top of this page. Use a
calculator to add up the total Lemonade........................ ___________
amount on Heidi’s shopping list.
Total ___________
d Heidi’s budget is $50. Suggest
something to take off the total.

Addition and Subtraction

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E 4 39

SERIES TOPIC
 Calculate the change apply

Getting
ready This is a game for three players. You will need a die and each
player needs a copy of page 41 to record the change.
You may wish to make extra copies of page 41 so you can play again.

What
to do The aim of the game is to end up with the most amount of money
at the end of each round.
Roll the die to find what you are calculating change for. Record
the number you rolled and the change in the table. Take turns.
When you have filled in the table for each round, calculate the
total amount of change. The most change scores 5 points. Play
for three rounds to decide the overall winner.

Die Amount
number you have Amount you spend

It’s your friend’s birthday,

$20
you spend $5.25 on a card.

$15 You spend $7.50 on school supplies.

$5 You buy some lollies for $3.85.

You spend $4.25 downloading songs

$5
from the internet.

$10 A trip to the movies costs $7.80.

$20 You are fined $17.80 for littering.

40 E 4 Addition and Subtraction

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SERIES TOPIC
Calculate the change apply

copy
Round 1
Number rolled Change

Total

Round 2
Number rolled Change

Total

Round 3
Number rolled Change

Total

Addition and Subtraction

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E 4 41

SERIES TOPIC