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U.S. National Fire Protection Association: Hazards of Materials For Emergency Response" Is A

The NFPA 704 standard defines the "Safety Square" or "Fire Diamond" system used by emergency responders to quickly identify hazards posed by materials. It rates materials on four scales for flammability, health, instability, and special notices. This helps determine appropriate equipment, procedures, and precautions during emergency response. The standard is internationally accepted and important for transporting chemicals.

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415 views5 pages

U.S. National Fire Protection Association: Hazards of Materials For Emergency Response" Is A

The NFPA 704 standard defines the "Safety Square" or "Fire Diamond" system used by emergency responders to quickly identify hazards posed by materials. It rates materials on four scales for flammability, health, instability, and special notices. This helps determine appropriate equipment, procedures, and precautions during emergency response. The standard is internationally accepted and important for transporting chemicals.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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"NFPA 704: Standard System for the Identification of the

Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response" is a


standard maintained by the U.S.-based National Fire Protection
Association. First "tentatively adopted as a guide" in 1960,
[1]
 and revised several times since then, it defines the colloquial
"Safety Square" or "Fire Diamond" used by emergency
personnel to quickly and easily identify the risks posed by
hazardous materials. This helps determine what, if any, special
equipment should be used, procedures followed, or precautions
taken during the initial stages of an emergency response. It is
an internationally accepted safety standard, and is crucial while
transporting chemicals.
Flammability (red)
Materials that will not burn under typical fire conditions (e.g. carbon
tetrachloride), including intrinsically noncombustible materials such as
0
concrete, stone, and sand. Materials that will not burn in air unless exposed to
a temperature of 820 °C (1,500 °F) for more than 5 minutes.
Materials that require considerable preheating, under all ambient temperature
conditions, before ignition and combustion can occur (e.g. mineral
1 oil, ammonia). Includes some finely divided suspended solids that do not
require heating before ignition can occur. Flash point at or above 93.3 °C
(200 °F).
Must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperature
before ignition can occur (e.g. diesel fuel, paper, sulfur and multiple finely
2
divided suspended solids that do not require heating before ignition can occur).
Flash point between 37.8 and 93.3 °C (100 and 200 °F).
Liquids and solids (including finely divided suspended solids) that can be
ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions
3 (e.g. gasoline, acetone). Liquids having a flash point below 22.8 °C (73 °F) and
having a boiling point at or above 37.8 °C (100 °F) or having a flash point
between 22.8 and 37.8 °C (73 and 100 °F).
Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and
temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily
4 (e.g. acetylene, propane, hydrogen gas, diborane).
Includes pyrophoric substances. Flash point below room temperature at
22.8 °C (73 °F).
Health (blue)
Poses no health hazard, no precautions necessary and would offer no hazard
0
beyond that of ordinary combustible materials (e.g. wood, paper)
Exposure would cause irritation with only minor residual injury
1
(e.g. acetone, sodium bromate, potassium chloride)
Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary
2 incapacitation or possible residual injury (e.g. diethyl ether, ammonium
phosphate, carbon dioxide, chloroform, DEET).
Short exposure could cause serious temporary or moderate residual injury
3 (e.g. liquid hydrogen, sulfuric acid, calcium hypochlorite, carbon
monoxide, hexafluorosilicic acid, zinc chloride)
Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury (e.g. hydrogen
4
cyanide, phosgene, diborane, methyl isocyanate, hydrofluoric acid)
Instability–reactivity (yellow)
Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with
0
water (e.g. helium, N2)
Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and
1
pressures (e.g. propene)
Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures,
2 reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water
(e.g. white phosphorus, potassium, sodium)
Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong
initiating source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts
3
explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked (e.g. ammonium
nitrate, caesium, hydrogen peroxide)
Readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at normal
4 temperatures and pressures (e.g. nitroglycerin, chlorine dioxide, nitrogen
triiodide, manganese heptoxide, TNT)
Special notice (white)
The white "special notice" area can contain several symbols. The following
symbols are defined by the NFPA 704 standard.
Oxidizer, allows chemicals to burn without an air supply (e.g. potassium
OX
perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, hydrogen peroxide).
Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner
W
(e.g. caesium, sodium, diborane, sulfuric acid).
Simple asphyxiant
gas (specifically helium, nitrogen, neon, argon, krypton, xenon). The SA
SA
symbol shall also be used for liquefied carbon dioxide vapor withdrawal
systems and where large quantities of dry ice are used in confined areas.[2]
Non-standard symbols (white)
These hazard codes are not part of the NFPA 704 standard, but are occasionally
used in an unofficial manner. The use of non-standard codes may be permitted,
required or disallowed by the authority having jurisdiction (e.g. fire department).
COR Corrosive; strong acid or base (e.g. sulfuric acid, potassium hydroxide)
ACID
Acid or alkaline, to be more specific
ALK
BIO
Biological hazard (e.g. flu virus, rabies virus)

POI Poisonous (e.g. strychnine, alpha-amanitin)
RA
RAD Radioactive (e.g. plutonium, cobalt-60, carbon-14)

CRY
Cryogenic (e.g. liquid nitrogen)
CRYO

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