JED

September 2020 Vol. 43, No. 8

Journal of Electromagnetic Dominance

The US Air Force

Embraces EMSO
| Technology Survey:
EW and SIGINT Tuners
| Australia Signs on
for NGJ Low Band
Cooperation
Who better
to integrate ADI
parts than ADI?
Our integrated microwave assembly (IMA)
solutions build on ADI’s high performance
semiconductor portfolio while enabling:

Reduced Complete Alleviation of

size, weight, system from obsolescence
and power signal to power issues

Integrate with confidence at analog.com/IMA

 AUTOMATED MISSION DATA SET TESTING
The RSS8000 Radar Signal Simulator now provides an automated test capability that
ensures mission-readiness, improves accuracy and optimises survivability by drastically
reducing the time required for data set testing and verification, allowing the Navy, Army
and Air Force to carry out safe and effective EW operational support activities

RF Emitters Track Data

Response
V erification

M ission Parameters

When time and accuracy matters to survivability

• Automated radar threat simulations and logged track file response from the System Under Test
• Thousands of test points checked unattended, overnight or during weekend test runs
• Integrated Configuration Management control, repeatability and accountability
• A truly turnkey solution for all your testing needs
• Proven technology, in service worldwide

For more information visit www.ewst.co.uk or email info@ewst.co.uk

Ultra Electronics Limited - EWST

A8 Cody Technology Park, Ively Road
Farnborough, Hants GU14 0LX
Tel: +44 (0)1252 512951
Fax: +44(0)1252 512428
JED Journal of Electromagnetic Dominance
CONTENTS
September 2020 • Vol. 43, No. 8

20 Cover Story
US Air Force EW Renaissance
By John Haystead

US Marines with Alpha Company, 1st Radio Battalion, I Marine

After decades of EW atrophy, the US Air Force is embracing EMS Expeditionary Force Information Group (MIG), hike during a field
Operations (EMSO) and trying to (re)build its EMS enterprise. This exercise (FEX) at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, CA. The FEX,
wide-ranging initiative penetrates into doctrine, organizations, conducted in May, was the culminating event of a three-week long
leadership, training and other areas. How is this playing out, and what course which involved several static team sites that provided specific
is the vision the Air Force is aiming for? USAF PHOTO military occupational specialty training, reinforcing the Marines’
deployment capabilities and unit readiness within I MIG.
15 News US ARMY PHOTO, JEAN S. HAN

• AUSTRALIA SIGNS ON FOR

NGJ-LB COOPERATION Departments
• EMSO AND SIGINT HIGHLIGHTED IN HOUSE
6 The View from Here
DEFENSE POLICY BILL
• FINCANTIERI GROUP WILL PROVIDE 8 Conferences Calendar
ITALIAN MOD A PROGRAMMABLE
EO/IR SEEKER EMULATOR 10 Courses Calendar

12 President’s Message
29 Technology Survey:
EW and SIGINT Tuners 42 EW 101
By Barry Manz
45 New Products

46 AOC News

48 AOC Members

49 Index of Advertisers

50 JED QuickLook

In this month’s technology survey, we look at RF and microwave

tuners designed for EW and SIGINT applications.
US AIR FORCE PHOTO COVER PHOTO COURTESY OF US AIR FORCE

4 Journal of Electromagnetic Dominance • September 2020

 JED
September 2020 • Vol. 43, No. 8 crows.org

The View from Here

RETHINKING Journal of Electromagnetic Dominance

EDITORIAL STAFF
Editor: John Knowles

SUPPLY
Publisher: John Bacon
Senior Editor: John Haystead
Managing Editor: Hope Swedeen
Technical Editor: Barry Manz
Threat Systems Editor: Doug Richardson

CHAINS
Contributing Writers:
Dave Adamy, Richard Scott, Dr. David Stoudt
Marketing & Research Coordinator: Taylor Hicks
Proofreaders: Ken Janssens, Shauna Keedian
Sales Manager: Tabitha Jenkins
Sales Adminstrator: Amanda Glass

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

Mr. Petter Bedoire
Chief Technology Officer, Saab
Dr. William Conley
Chief Technology Officer, Mercury Systems
Last month, Air Force Magazine published an informative interview with COL Kevin Chaney
Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen John Hyten. Toward the end of the Program Manager, Aircraft Survivability Equipment,
PEO IEW&S, US Army
Q&A, General Hyten talked about the depth of the US Industrial Base. He said, “It
Mr. Anthony Lisuzzo
is a huge issue. Over the last 20 years, we’ve allowed the second- and third-tier sup- Senior Vice President, JRAD, Inc.
ply chain to deteriorate significantly.” He also explained, “One of the lessons we’ve Mr. Rick Lu
President and CEO, Spectranetix Inc.
learned the hard way from the coronavirus, is that when you have a supply chain that Mr. Steve Mensh
is dependent on Asia and China, and you really want to move fast, you have a diffi- Senior Vice President and General Manager,
Textron Systems Electronic Systems
cult problem. We cannot have a supply chain that does that, so we have to rebuild it. Mr. Edgar Maimon
That’s going to take investment. But we can do that under the programs we have, if General Manager, Elbit Systems EW and SIGINT
– Elisra
we do it smartly.”
Mr. Marvin Potts
This got my attention. When the DOD began to embrace commercial off the shelf Technical Director, System Technology Office
(COTS) technology in the 1990s, this policy was part of a larger acknowledgement Air Force Research Lab Sensors Div.
Mr. Steve Tourangeau
that defense spending was not going to drive as much technology development in the President and CEO, Warrior Support Solutions, LLC
electronics sector as it had during the Cold War. The world was just entering a mobile Lt Col William D. Tucker, PhD
Special Courses and Training (SPECTRA)
communications and personal computer revolution, and the DOD was inclined to 479th Operations Support Squadron, USAF
piggyback on this trend rather than replicate it. For the past 25 years or so, the DOD Dr. Rich Wittstruck
has leveraged COTS technologies in most of its radios, EW systems, radars, EO/IR Senior Advisor, Asst. Secretary of the Army,
Acquisition, Logistics and Technology
sensors, etc., while trying to manage the downsides, such as counterfeit parts and
cyber security. As General Hyten indicated, however, the supply chain discussion is PRODUCTION STAFF
Layout & Design: Barry Senyk
now expanding to include availability, as well.
Advertising Art: Elaine Connell
The DOD’s COTS policy has worked so far because the DOD is in the business Contact the Editor: (978) 509-1450,
of buying systems. It has left supply chain management of microelectronic compo- JEDeditor@naylor.com
nents for its radars, EW systems and communications systems largely to the prime Contact the Sales Manager:
(800) 369-6220 or tjenkins@naylor.com
contractors who make them and sustain them. These US defense electronics primes Subscription Information:
are typically buying critical components from US sources. However, as China and Please contact Glorianne O’Neilin
at (703) 549-1600 or e-mail oneilin@crows.org.
other countries make further progress in GaN, FPGAs and other technologies, they
Journal of Electromagnetic Dominance
are becoming very strong competitors in the global microelectronics market, and it is published for the AOC by
introduces more supply chain risk. The DOD needs to update its supply chain strat-
egy, especially in critical emerging technology areas, if it wants trusted components 5950 NW 1st Place
that are not affected by disruptions to the global supply chain or foreign government Gainesville, FL 32607
Phone: (800) 369-6220 • Fax: (352) 331-3525
policies aimed at denying access to rare earth minerals. www.naylor.com
Today, DARPA is making a huge investment in the next generation of microelec- ©2020 Association of Old Crows/Naylor, LLC. All rights
reserved. The contents of this publication may not be
tronics via its wide-ranging Electronics Resurgence Initiative (ERI). The DOD needs reproduced by any means, in whole or in part, without the
to protect the companies who will eventually manufacture these new technologies prior written authorization of the publisher.
for use in radars, EW systems and communications systems. The DOD should not Editorial: The articles and editorials appearing in this
magazine do not represent an official AOC position, except
allow its future microelectronics supply chain to be undermined by a much more for the official notices printed in the “Association News”
aggressive and much more influential China. General Hyten is certainly on the right section or unless specifically identified as an AOC position.
COVER PHOTO COURTESY OF US AIR FORCE
track, but this problem may require a larger discussion that leads to a more compre-
PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER 2020/JED-M0920/5765
hensive policy solution. – J. Knowles

6 Journal of Electromagnetic Dominance • September 2020

THE

SM200C
20 GHz Spectrum Analyzer and Monitoring Receiver
Now with high-speed data streaming and device control via
10GbE SFP+ connection – NO USB CABLE REQUIRED.

160 MHz of continuously streaming I/Q over 10GbE

1 THz sustained sweep speeds

10.2" x 7.2" x 2.15" // 7.2 pounds

All software included. Comes with flexible API and is compatible

with several 3rd-party TSCM and ISR applications.

AVAILABLE FOR

SignalHound.com/SM200C Made in the USA

$16,000
© 2020 Signal Hound, Inc. All rights reserved. Little to no lead-time | Extended temperature options available
 Calendar Conferences & Trade Shows
SEPTEMBER AFA 2020 Virtual Air, Space CEMAlite Virtual Summit
and Cyberspace Conference September 29
28th International Defence September 14-16 www.crows.org
Industry Exhibition MSPO www.afa.org
September 8-10
Kielce, Poland Modern Day Marine – Virtual OCTOBER
www.targikielce.pl September 22-24
www.marinemilitaryexpos.com AUSA Virtual 2020 Annual Meeting
The Defense Show – Virtual October 12-14
September 8-10 2020 Virtual DE Systems Symposium www.ausa.org
www.auvsi.org September 28 – October 2
www.deps.org 9th Annual AOC Pacific Conference –
Virtual
October 19-21
Due to the disruptions caused by COVID-19, some event organizers have chosen to www.fbcinc.com/e/aocpacific/
change the dates and/or venues of their event. Please contact the event provider to Precision Strike Symposium
receive the latest details. October 20-22
Laurel, MD
www.precisionstrike.org
EURONAVAL
October 20-23
Paris, France
www.euronaval.fr
MILIPOL Qatar 2020
October 26-28
Doha, Qatar
https://en.milipolqatar.com

Tactical - Interoperable - Reconfigurable. NOVEMBER

www.irf-solutions.com EW Europe
443-595-8500 November 16-18
Liverpool, UK
engage@irf-solutions.com www.eweurope.com
Bahrain International Airshow 2020
AI for RF November 18-20
Sakhir Air Base, Bahrain
www.bahraininternationalairshow.com
machine learning for I/ITSEC
signal classification November 30 – December 4
Orlando, FL
www.iitsec.org

• Bandwidths up to 500mhz DECEMBER

• Integrated FPGA resources 57th Annual AOC International
Symposium and Convention
• Frequency coverage 0.5 to 44GHz December 8-10
Washington, DC
• Automated spectrum situational awareness www.crows.org

JANUARY
Surface Navy Association 33rd Annual
National Symposium
Delivering maximum performance with the LiteRail January 12-14
Arlington, VA
and WideRail family of microwave receivers www.navysna.org
European Microwave Week
January 12-14
Utrecht, Netherlands
www.eumweek.com a

AOC conferences are noted in red. For

more info or to register, visit crows.org.
Items in blue denote AOC Chapter events.

8 Journal1 of
953214_IRFIntel.indd Electromagnetic Dominance • September 2020 2019-02-21 8:44 PM
 F E AT U R E D
SPEAKERS

LTGen Loretta E. Reynolds

Deputy Commandant for
Information

All Domain Operations from LTG Stephen G. Fogarty

Commanding General of Army

Competition into Conflict

Cyber Command (Invited)

Ambassador Jennifer
Zimdahl Galt
The contributions of IO and EW to Joint all-domain warfighting challenges, Foreign Policy Advisor, J005,
and to achieving a Free and Open Indo-Pacific during competition. United States Indo-Pacific
Command

Now 19-23 OCTOBER 2020 Mr. Dave Tremper (SES)

Director, Electronic Warfare
at Office of the Secretary of
delivered online and VTC Defense

Brig Gen Dave Abba

This event will be delivered online and via secure video teleconference in Director of the F-35 Integration
response to the current restrictions on travel to Hawaii following the global Office, United States Air Force
COVID-19 pandemic.
Brig Gen Mike Manion
Director, HAF/A5L Spectrum
The symposium will now start on Monday, October 19 with three days of Superiority Directorate
UNCLASSIFIED presentations, panels, and speakers delivered via the Federal
Business Council (FBC) Online Events platform. Classified presentations Mr. Ken Dworkin
follow on October 22 and 23 and will be delivered via DOD secure Video- Roundtable Moderator
Executive Advisor, Booz Allen
Teleconference. Detailed instructions for DOD and invited Ally and partner Former National Security Agency
militaries for SECRET REL discussions will be published via official message EW Executive (NSA/EWX)
from HQ U.S. Indo-Pacific Command Director of Operations, J3.
COL Andrew Whiskeyman, PhD,
Chief, Information Operations
Individual registration is required to participate in any of the online Division - U.S. Central Command
presentations of the Symposium. Registered participants can then choose (USCENTCOM)
the plenary sessions and separate presentations they wish to attend. Major General Tom Coppinger-
Registered symposium participants will need to register for each of the three Symes – CBE
plenary sessions, and for individual presentations and panels conducted Director Military Digitisation, UK
Joint Force Command (Invited)
outside of the plenary sessions that will run from 1100-1400 Hawaii
Standard Time. For the classified sessions, participating military commands,
DOD PME institutions, academia, Industry, and Allies and partners will
coordinate with the symposium chair for instructions on how to be connected
to the Towers Conference Room for October 22 and 23 over DOD networks.

Please contact the Symposium Chair Dr. Arthur Tulak, COL USA, Ret., via
e-mail at Arthur.N.Tulak.ctr@pacom.mil for more information.

The revised agenda will be published at: FBCINC.COM/E/AOCPACIFIC

 Calendar Courses & Seminars
SEPTEMBER AOC Live Professional Development Radar Warning Receiver System
Web Course: Machine Learning Design and Analysis
AOC Virtual Series Webinar: for Electronic Warfare September 22-24
Understanding Quantum Computing September 14-28 Shalimar, FL
& Communications 7 sessions, 1300-1600 EST www.pe.gatech.edu
September 3 www.crows.org
1400-1500 EST AOC Virtual Series Webinar:
www.crows.org Advanced Radar Signals Collection Convergence of TDOA/AOA
and Analysis (ARSCA) in Operational Environments
September 22-24 September 24
Atlanta, GA 1400-1500 EST
www.pe.gatech.edu www.crows.org
Electro-Optic and Infrared Systems
Due to the disruptions caused by COVID-19, some event organizers have chosen to September 28 – October 2
change the dates and/or venues of their event. Please contact the event provider to Swindon, UK
receive the latest details. www.cranfield.ac.uk

OCTOBER
Adaptive Arrays: Algorithms,
Architectures and Applications
October 5-8

MULTI-CHANNEL
Atlanta, GA
www.pe.gatech.edu
AOC Live Professional Development

RADAR SIGNAL EMULATOR

Web Course: Electro-Optical/Infrared
Sensor Engineering
October 5-28

(MRSE-5000)
8 sessions, 1300-1600 EST
www.crows.org
SIGINT Fundamentals
For Testing Radar, RWR & EW Receivers October 6-7
Denver, CO
www.pe.gatech.edu
Open Architecture Solutions Tailored to Your AOC Virtual Series Webinar:
Requirements Specific Emitter Identification (SEI)
• Streaming I/Q data from hard drives to RF transmit October 8
1400-1500 EST
simplifies waveform generation
www.crows.org
• Any number of RF output channels with up to 500
MHz IBW each Electronic Warfare Data
• Unlimited number of emitters in each frequency Analysis (Online)
band October 12-15
• 24 TB or more storage capacity for waveform data www.pe.gatech.edu
• MRSE software supports PRI & frequency agility,
Modeling and Simulation of Phased
modulation,Electronic
antenna scan Warfare Europe,
& beam patterns as wellthe AOC’s flagship European
Arrayevent,
Antennasconnects
(Online) organisations
as platform & target motion
and
• Table or .csv file individuals
based data entryacross government, defence, industry, and academia to promote the
October 13-15
www.pe.gatech.edu
and supportexchange
for DIFF filesof ideas and information, and review the latest advances in these fields.
Introduction to ISR Concepts,
View the full
MRSE-5000 for conference
both agenda and details of this year’s speakers
Systems and T&E on the event website.
indoor & outdoor October 13-16
operation Atlanta, GA
(0.5 – 18/40GHz) www.pe.gatech.edu
Airborne EW System Integration
October 20-22
Atlanta, GA
www.pe.gatech.edu

INNOVATION THAT CUTS COST, DRASTICALLY! Radar Warning Receiver System Design
and Analysis
Click on EW Emulation on our homepage for more information October 20-22
Atlanta, GA
sales@d-ta.com
www.pe.gatech.edu a
www.d-ta.com
d-ta-systems

A Sensor Interface and Processing Company d-ta systems

AOC courses are noted in red. For more
info or to register, visit crows.org. Items in
blue denote AOC Chapter courses.

10 Journal
1002689_DTA.indd 1 of Electromagnetic Dominance • September 2020 2020-03-04 5:51 PM
 OM
PE AT
RO TER
.C
EU GIS
RE
EW

READY TO KICKSTART YOUR BUSINESS ACTIVITIES?

The 2020 edition of AOC EW Europe, originally scheduled in June, will now be held on
16-18 November.
As organisers, Clarion Events are developing and working to an ALL SECURE framework to
ensure the health and safety of all attendees in response to Covid-19. For more information
on new and enhanced safety measures, please visit the event website.
Registration for the event has re-opened, and we look forward to re-uniting the electronic
warfare community in Liverpool.

Headline Partner Intelligence Workshop Partner Gold Sponsor Produced by

For more information please contact us:

eweurope@clarionevents.com www.eweurope.com +44 (0)20 7384 8092
President’s Message

LESSONS Association of Old Crows

LEARNED
1555 King St., Suite 500
Alexandria, VA 22314
Phone: (703) 549-1600
Fax: (703) 549-2589
PRESIDENT – Muddy Watters
PRESIDENT-ELECT – Glenn “Powder” Carlson
SECRETARY – Mark Schallheim
TREASURER – Richard Wittstruck
PAST PRESIDENT
Lisa Frugé-Cirilli
EW runs in cycles: when we are at war, EW is vital to success; when we’re not at AT-LARGE DIRECTORS
war, EW atrophies, and we pay the price in capacity and sometimes in the next conflict. Bob Andrews
What lessons have we learned? Brian Hinkley
Amanda Kammier
1986: Operation El Dorado Canyon involved air strikes by the United States against Haruko Kawahigashi
David Stupples
Libya on 15 April supported by EA-6Bs and EF-111s launching Shrikes, HARMs and Richard Wittstruck
other assets, including in-depth mission analysis conducted by the Joint Electronic APPOINTED DIRECTORS
Warfare Center (JEWC) in San Antonio, TX. EW was important, fully integrated and Craig Harm
synchronized. The US lost one F-111. REGIONAL DIRECTORS
Central: Keith Everly
1991: Operation Desert Storm began on 17 January. EW supremacy was a main con- Mid-Atlantic: Jim Pryor
Northeastern: Mike Ryan
tributor to the stunning success of the allied coalition’s air campaign against Iraqi Northwestern: Mark Schallheim
Forces. The coalition utilized EA-6Bs, EF-111s, F4G Wild Weasels, EC-130 Compass Mountain-Western: Sam Roberts
Pacific: Rick Lu
Calls, RAF GR1 Tornados, HARM and ALARM missiles, ALQ-184 aircraft self-pro- Southern: Karen Brigance
tection jammers and for the first time, F-117A stealth aircraft. General Myers, Tacti- International I: Sue Robertson
International II: Jeff Walsh
cal Air Command’s deputy chief of staff for Requirements, emphasized that the Air
AOC FOUNDATION ADJUNCT GOVERNORS
Force will continue to “need ECM systems that are effective, timely, and affordable.” Nino Amoroso
Otherwise, he warned, the impressive record racked up in Desert Storm electronic Gary Lyke
warfare may not be duplicated the next time around. AOC PROFESSIONAL STAFF
Shelley Frost
1994: I was a student at the Naval War College, and we had a briefing from Chief of Executive Director
Staff of the Air Force Gen Merrill McPeak. In his commentary, he referred to the Air frost@crows.org
Glorianne O’Neilin
Force no longer needing EW, as it was investing in stealth technology. By the end of Director, Membership Operations
the 1990s, the EF-111 was retired without a replacement, the F-4G Wild Weasel was oneilin@crows.org
retired and replaced by the “interim” F-16CJ, and US Air Force EW expertise was Amy Belicev
Director, Meetings & Events
rapidly diminishing. belicev@crows.org
Brock Sheets
1993-1999: Operation Deny Flight and Operation Allied Force over the former Yugosla- Director, Marketing & Education
via was supported by EA-6Bs, Compass Call aircraft, F-16 CJs, ECR Tornados, and sheets@crows.org
F-117As as part of a NATO coalition that flew over 38,000 combat missions. During Ken Miller
Director, Advocacy & Outreach
OAF, it was apparent that US Air Force EW had atrophied since Desert Storm. kmiller@crows.org
2001-2011: The decade following the 9/11 attacks against the US saw major operations Sean Fitzgerald
Sales and Client Operations Manager
in Afghanistan and Iraq. With the exception of the initial 2003 air campaign in Iraq, fitzgerald@crows.org
tactical air operations were conducted in permissive environments. However, the Blain Bekele
Membership Support and STEM Coordinator
US Army was learning other EW lessons against IR-guided MANPADS and RCIEDS. blain@crows.org
2012-present: The rise of near-peer competitors, such as China, and the resurgence of Meron Bekele
Membership Support
Russia’s military power have focused Western military forces on a new set of ma- meron@crows.org
neuver challenges in the EM Environment. At the same time, our EMSO community Caleb Herr
Education Coordinator
is trying to break the cycle of “temporary resourcing” in war followed by post-con- herr@crows.org
flict atrophy that I described at the beginning of this message. Meaningful progress Sylvia Lee
is shaped by the degree to which we evolve our doctrine, create new organizations Manager, Exhibit Operations
lee@crows.org
and elevate leadership. We are succeeding in these areas, but we must not allow our- Tori Cruz
selves (or our military leaders) to relax. We must continue to build and strengthen Coordinator, Meetings and Events
cruz@crows.org
our EMS enterprise, or we will repeat our mistakes. – Muddy Watters

12 Journal of Electromagnetic Dominance • September 2020

 OCTAVE BAND LOW NOISE AMPLIFIERS
Model No. Freq (GHz) Gain (dB) MIN Noise Figure (dB) Power -out @ P1-dB 3rd Order ICP VSWR
CA01-2110 0.5-1.0 28 1.0 MAX, 0.7 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1
CA12-2110 1.0-2.0 30 1.0 MAX, 0.7 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1
CA24-2111 2.0-4.0 29 1.1 MAX, 0.95 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1
CA48-2111 4.0-8.0 29 1.3 MAX, 1.0 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1
CA812-3111 8.0-12.0 27 1.6 MAX, 1.4 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1
CA1218-4111 12.0-18.0 25 1.9 MAX, 1.7 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1
CA1826-2110 18.0-26.5 32 3.0 MAX, 2.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1
NARROW BAND LOW NOISE AND MEDIUM POWER AMPLIFIERS
CA01-2111 0.4 - 0.5 28 0.6 MAX, 0.4 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1
CA01-2113 0.8 - 1.0 28 0.6 MAX, 0.4 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1
CA12-3117 1.2 - 1.6 25 0.6 MAX, 0.4 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1
CA23-3111 2.2 - 2.4 30 0.6 MAX, 0.45 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1
CA23-3116 2.7 - 2.9 29 0.7 MAX, 0.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1
CA34-2110 3.7 - 4.2 28 1.0 MAX, 0.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1
CA56-3110 5.4 - 5.9 40 1.0 MAX, 0.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1
CA78-4110 7.25 - 7.75 32 1.2 MAX, 1.0 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1
CA910-3110 9.0 - 10.6 25 1.4 MAX, 1.2 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1
CA1315-3110 13.75 - 15.4 25 1.6 MAX, 1.4 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1
CA12-3114 1.35 - 1.85 30 4.0 MAX, 3.0 TYP +33 MIN +41 dBm 2.0:1
CA34-6116 3.1 - 3.5 40 4.5 MAX, 3.5 TYP +35 MIN +43 dBm 2.0:1
CA56-5114 5.9 - 6.4 30 5.0 MAX, 4.0 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1
CA812-6115 8.0 - 12.0 30 4.5 MAX, 3.5 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1
CA812-6116 8.0 - 12.0 30 5.0 MAX, 4.0 TYP +33 MIN +41 dBm 2.0:1
CA1213-7110 12.2 - 13.25 28 6.0 MAX, 5.5 TYP +33 MIN +42 dBm 2.0:1
CA1415-7110 14.0 - 15.0 30 5.0 MAX, 4.0 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1
CA1722-4110 17.0 - 22.0 25 3.5 MAX, 2.8 TYP +21 MIN +31 dBm 2.0:1
ULTRA-BROADBAND & MULTI-OCTAVE BAND AMPLIFIERS
Model No. Freq (GHz) Gain (dB) MIN Noise Figure (dB) Power -out @ P1-dB 3rd Order ICP VSWR
CA0102-3111 0.1-2.0 28 1.6 Max, 1.2 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1
CA0106-3111 0.1-6.0 28 1.9 Max, 1.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1
CA0108-3110 0.1-8.0 26 2.2 Max, 1.8 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1
CA0108-4112 0.1-8.0 32 3.0 MAX, 1.8 TYP +22 MIN +32 dBm 2.0:1
CA02-3112 0.5-2.0 36 4.5 MAX, 2.5 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1
CA26-3110 2.0-6.0 26 2.0 MAX, 1.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1
CA26-4114 2.0-6.0 22 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1
CA618-4112 6.0-18.0 25 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +23 MIN +33 dBm 2.0:1
CA618-6114 6.0-18.0 35 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1
CA218-4116 2.0-18.0 30 3.5 MAX, 2.8 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1
CA218-4110 2.0-18.0 30 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +20 MIN +30 dBm 2.0:1
CA218-4112 2.0-18.0 29 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +24 MIN +34 dBm 2.0:1
LIMITING AMPLIFIERS
Model No. Freq (GHz) Input Dynamic Range Output Power Range Psat Power Flatness dB VSWR
CLA24-4001 2.0 - 4.0 -28 to +10 dBm +7 to +11 dBm +/- 1.5 MAX 2.0:1
CLA26-8001 2.0 - 6.0 -50 to +20 dBm +14 to +18 dBm +/- 1.5 MAX 2.0:1
CLA712-5001 7.0 - 12.4 -21 to +10 dBm +14 to +19 dBm +/- 1.5 MAX 2.0:1
CLA618-1201 6.0 - 18.0 -50 to +20 dBm +14 to +19 dBm +/- 1.5 MAX 2.0:1
AMPLIFIERS WITH INTEGRATED GAIN ATTENUATION
Model No. Freq (GHz) Gain (dB) MIN Noise Figure (dB) Power -out @ P1-dB Gain Attenuation Range VSWR
CA001-2511A 0.025-0.150 21 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +12 MIN 30 dB MIN 2.0:1
CA05-3110A 0.5-5.5 23 2.5 MAX, 1.5 TYP +18 MIN 20 dB MIN 2.0:1
CA56-3110A 5.85-6.425 28 2.5 MAX, 1.5 TYP +16 MIN 22 dB MIN 1.8:1
CA612-4110A 6.0-12.0 24 2.5 MAX, 1.5 TYP +12 MIN 15 dB MIN 1.9:1
CA1315-4110A 13.75-15.4 25 2.2 MAX, 1.6 TYP +16 MIN 20 dB MIN 1.8:1
CA1518-4110A 15.0-18.0 30 3.0 MAX, 2.0 TYP +18 MIN 20 dB MIN 1.85:1
LOW FREQUENCY AMPLIFIERS
Model No. Freq (GHz) Gain (dB) MIN Noise Figure dB Power -out @ P1-dB 3rd Order ICP VSWR
CA001-2110 0.01-0.10 18 4.0 MAX, 2.2 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1
CA001-2211 0.04-0.15 24 3.5 MAX, 2.2 TYP +13 MIN +23 dBm 2.0:1
CA001-2215 0.04-0.15 23 4.0 MAX, 2.2 TYP +23 MIN +33 dBm 2.0:1
CA001-3113 0.01-1.0 28 4.0 MAX, 2.8 TYP +17 MIN +27 dBm 2.0:1
CA002-3114 0.01-2.0 27 4.0 MAX, 2.8 TYP +20 MIN +30 dBm 2.0:1
CA003-3116 0.01-3.0 18 4.0 MAX, 2.8 TYP +25 MIN +35 dBm 2.0:1
CA004-3112 0.01-4.0 32 4.0 MAX, 2.8 TYP +15 MIN +25 dBm 2.0:1
CIAO Wireless can easily modify any of its standard models to meet your "exact" requirements at the Catalog Pricing.
Visit our web site at www.ciaowireless.com for our complete product offering.

Ciao Wireless, Inc. 4 0 0 0 V i a P e s c a d o r, C a m a r i l l o , C A 9 3 0 1 2

Tel (805) 389-3224 Fax (805) 389-3629 sales@ciaowireless.com
 FEATURED LIVE
COURSES
Machine Learning for EW Electro-Optical/Infrared
Sensor Engineering
Kyle Davidson Dr. Phillip Pace
Mondays, Wednesdays, & Fridays Mondays & Wednesdays
13:00 – 16:00 EDT | September 14 – 30, 2020 13:00 – 16:00 EDT | October 5 – 28, 2020
This course introduces students to the This course presents the fundamentals of electro-
fundamentals of machine learning and its optical (EO) & infrared (IR) sensor technology, its
application to modern Electronic Warfare (EW) analysis and its application to military search, track
and cyber solutions. and imaging systems.

Intermediate Electronic Warfare

Fundamental Principles of
EW EUROPE 2020
Electronic Warfare
Dr. Clayton Stewart
Dave Adamy
Thursday & Friday | 08:00 – 17:00 BST
November 19 – 20, 2020 | Liverpool, UK Mondays & Wednesdays
We will begin with a historical perspective and 13:00 – 16:00 EDT | April 5 – 28, 2021
introduce use of radar, integrated air defense This is an introductory Electronic Warfare course
system, early EA functions and conclude with an in eight three hour sessions. It provides insight into
overview of modern EA, ES, and EP. the whole electronic warfare field at the systems
and operational level.

Advanced Principles of
Electronic Warfare
Dave Adamy
Mondays & Wednesdays
13:00 – 16:00 EDT | May 3 – 26, 2021
This Advanced Electronic Warfare course has eight
three hour sessions. It is designed for individuals
who have completed a fundamental EW course or
have significant experience in the field. = Web Course, no travel required!
WASHINGTON D.C.

RF Theory for ES Operations Advanced EW – Concepts and Developments

Dr. Patrick Ford Kyle Davidson
Sunday & Monday Friday & Saturday
09:00 – 17:00 EST | December 6 – 7, 2020 09:00 – 17:00 EST | Dec 11 – 12, 2020

Hands-on Introduction to Radar and EW Tactical Battlefield Communications

Dr. Warren Du Plessis Dave Adamy
Sunday & Monday Friday & Saturday
09:00 – 17:00 EST | December 6 – 7, 2020 09:00 – 17:00 EST | Dec 11 - 12, 2020

FOR COURSE LISTINGS AND MORE VISIT CROWS.ORG

 News

AUSTRALIA SIGNS ON FOR NGJ-LB COOPERATION

Australia is deepening its cooperative partnership with with the same AN/ALQ-99 TJS that currently equips the US
the US Navy on the Next Generation Jammer (NGJ) program Navy’s EA-18G Growlers.
by extending the scope of the arrangement to include the Under Project Air 5349 Phase 6 Advanced Growler, Aus-
Next Generation Jammer Low Band (NGJ-LB) variant. tralia has established a co-operative agreement with USN to
Signed on 13 July, the expanded project arrangement is further develop its AEA capability, and acquire additional anti-
intended to ensure commonality on future airborne elec- radiation weapons. Within the scope of this effort, the Com-
tronic attack (AEA) payloads for the EA-18G Growler air- monwealth in November 2017 signed a project agreement to
craft operated by the US Navy and the Royal Australian Air join the NGJ-MB program: the two countries in May this year
Force (RAAF). Australia is already a partner on the AN/ALQ- signed a second agreement to enter production, sustainment,
249(V)1 Next Generation Jammer-Mid Band (NGJ-MB). and follow-on development of the AN/ALQ-249(V)1 NGJ-MB.
Managed by the Airborne Electronic Attack Systems Pro- The NGJ-LB program is currently in the materiel solutions
gram Office (PMA-234) in the US Naval Air Systems Com- analysis phase, with L3Harris and Northrop Grumman com-
mand (NAVAIR), the NGJ program is intended to augment, pleting parallel Demonstration of Existing Technologies (DET)
and ultimately replace, the legacy ALQ-99 tactical jamming contracts. According to NAVAIR, the downselection of a single
system (TJS). The NGJ capability is being delivered in three prime contractor to develop the NGJ-LB Capability Block 1 tacti-
phased increments, each covering a different portion of the cal jamming operational prototypes is anticipated later in 2020.
frequency spectrum, beginning with the NGJ-MB variant The NGJ-LB will utilize the latest digital and software-
currently under development by Raytheon.  based technologies that will address advanced and emerging
Due to enter service in 2022, the NGJ-MB system repre- threats in the lower frequency bands of the electromagnetic
sents a step change from ALQ-99 in terms of its software- spectrum. The DET contract has seen joint government/
based digital architecture, and use of high power active industry teams work to assess the technical maturity of the
electronically scanned arrays based on Gallium Nitride tech- respective technical solutions developed by L3Harris and
nology. The NGJ-MB program expects to complete Mile- Northrop Grumman. Both companies have now completed a
stone C later this year, with a Low Rate Initial Production number of test events, including a joint government/contrac-
contract award to follow. tor test period during which a prototype Technology Dem-
The RAAF has acquired 12 EA-18G Growler aircraft under onstration Unit from each company was tested at Naval Air
Project Air 5349 Phase 3. The aircraft, which achieved initial Station Patuxent River (Patuxent River, MD) in a representa-
operating capability in February 2019, have entered service tive environment. – R. Scott

EMSO AND SIGINT Helicopter ASE well-defined acquisition strategy and risk
HIGHLIGHTED IN HOUSE One area where the HASC focused its reduction effort for mission equipment
DEFENSE POLICY BILL attention was helicopter aircraft surviv- payloads and sensors, industry will be un-
The US House of Representatives ability equipment (ASE). The committee able to make the investments necessary
passed its version of the National De- called for a report on sensor payloads to deliver advanced capabilities on time
fense Authorization Act (NDAA) on for the Army’s Future Vertical Lift (FVL) for FVL programs.”
July 21 in a bipartisan vote. The policy program. “The committee notes that the The committee directed the Secretary
bill authorizes $635.5 billion for the Army has yet to define the acquisition of the Army to submit a report on FVL
DOD’s base budget and another $69 strategy for FVL mission equipment pay- mission equipment, payloads and sensors
billion for Overseas Contingency Op- loads and sensors, despite an accelerated to the House and Senate Armed Services
erations. The House Armed Services platform development schedule,” the re- Committees by December 1, 2020. This
Committee (HASC) report accompa- port states. “The committee understands report should include “1) the acquisition
nying the NDAA (H.R. 6395) includes that fielding mission equipment that is strategy for FVL mission equipment pay-
several Electromagnetic Spectrum as advanced and capable as the platforms loads and sensors, including radar, elec-
Operations (EMSO)- and Signals Intel- themselves will require investment and tronic warfare, 360 degree distributed
ligence (SIGINT)-related “Items of Spe- development in the coming years. The aperture, missile warning, and advanced
cial Interest.” committee is concerned that without a electro-optical infrared; 2) planned risk

www.JEDonline.com • September 2020 15

News
reduction activities for the sensor pay- Development (EMD) acquisition phase. programmed to provide a mobile, pas-
loads; and 3) an estimate of the cost and For example, the committee is concerned sive capability to detect, classify, track,
schedule for the development and pro- that the Navy is continuing to develop and determine the intent of enemy units
duction of required sensor payloads.” the LROI system when existing commer- through exploitation of their command
In another section of the committee cial-off-the-shelf capabilities are already and control emissions… The committee
report, the HASC focused on “Aviation being fielded by other military services. believes that the Secretary of the Navy
Survivability of Marine Corps, Navy, The committee is further concerned that should expedite the development of this
and Air Force Rotary Wing Aircraft.” there are ongoing disputes over the in- critical capability and supports decou-
Here, it recognized “…the importance tellectual property of the LROI system.” pling the hardware from the software
of the Distributed Aperture Infrared The committee directed the Secretary of so that capability enhancements are de-
Countermeasure (DAIRCM) system and the Navy to provide a report on LROI ac- livered by software as soon as they are
the Department of Defense’s efforts to quisition plans by February 1, 2021. developed. To achieve maximum com-
integrate an aircraft protection system The Committee also addressed the petition and to solicit the most cur- rent
to protect small to medium rotary wing Surface Navy Laser Weapon System (SN- technologies, the committee further
aircraft from increased threats.” Noting LWS) program. According to the report, believes that the Secretary should con-
that the Air Force has already deployed “The Committee commends the Depart- tinue to prioritize an open architecture
the system, the Committee stated that ment of the Navy’s recent success with approach so that the new system can
it, “… recognizes there is a future gap in the Laser Weapons System Demonstra- readily integrate emerging third-party
this aircraft survivability capability for tor (LWSD) from an LPD. In addition, the capabilities.” In this regard, the HASC
both the Air Force and Marine Corps in Committee is encouraged that SNLWS directs the Secretary of the Navy to pro-
the coming fiscal years and supports the Increment 1, the High Energy Laser with vide a Spectral program briefing by Janu-
efforts by these services to rapidly tran- Integrated Optical-Dazzler and Surveil- ary 30, 2021.
sition to a production capability. This lance (HELIOS) is on schedule to begin The Senate passed its version of the
transition will ensure all Marine Expe- integration and land-based testing later NDAA in late July, as well. When the
ditionary Units and forward deployed this year. In addition, the Committee House and Senate reconvene this month,
Air Force rotary wing aircraft are prop- recognizes that both the Navy and indus- both are expected to meet in conference
erly equipped to meet this threat.” The try have invested in this technology and to begin working out the differences in
Committee directed the Secretary of the understand the need to take incremen- their respective NDAA bills. – J. Knowles
Navy and the Commandant of the Ma- tal steps since there is no one-size fits
rine Corps to provide a briefing by March all solution. However, the Committee is FINCANTIERI GROUP WILL
1, 2021, “… on the effective integration of concerned with both the fragility of the PROVIDE ITALIAN MOD A
DAIRCM into additional light and me- supply base and that the protracted time PROGRAMMABLE EO/IR
dium rotary wing aircraft and the long- between development, test and instal- SEEKER EMULATOR
term strategy for aircraft survivability of lation for an at-sea trial will cause the The Naval Armaments General Direc-
the Marine Corps and Air Force rotary Navy to reprogram outyear funding to torate (NAVARM) of the Italian Ministry
wing fleet.” other needs. Therefore, the committee of Defence’s (MoD’s) Secretariat General
directs the Secretary of the Navy to brief of Defence/National Armament Direc-
Directed Energy the committee no later than October 1, torate has awarded Fincantieri Group’s
The HASC also took note of directed 2020 on an updated acquisition timeline INSIS (Ingegneria dei Sistemi Speciali)
energy weapons (DEW) programs. The that illustrates its path forward on SN- business an undisclosed value contract
committee report stated, “The com- LWS Increment 1 and allows for an ef- for the design and supply of a program-
mittee is concerned with the ongoing ficient fielding of SNLWS Increment 2.” mable EO/IR (electro-optical/infrared)
development of the Navy’s Long-Range seeker emulator to evaluate the effective-
Ocular Interrupter (LROI) Program. The SIGINT ness of EO/IR countermeasures systems
committee understands that the LROI Elsewhere in the report, the HASC ad- in the naval and airborne domains.
is intended to provide the Navy with dressed next-generation SIGINT for the The contract, announced by Fincan-
the capability to deliver a bright light Navy’s surface combatants. “The com- tieri on August 5, was awarded under a
producing a dazzling or glare effect on mittee notes that the Spectral program is restricted international procedure, is-
a closing target to warn and/or suppress an incremental acquisition, Government sued by the Italian MoD NAVARM’s 3rd
potential threats through increasing lev- Off-The-Shelf/Commercial Off-The- department (Combat Systems), 8th Divi-
els of visual degradation… The commit- Shelf program that provides cryptologic sion - Surface Systems and Weapons, and
tee agrees with the military utility of this signals exploitation capabilities designed involves the design and development of a
capability, and the need for the Navy to to meet the requirements for shipboard support system for the verification and
move forward to field a materiel solution. cryptologic operations within the Ship’s validation of IR decoys and DIRCM coun-
However, the committee is troubled by Signal Exploitation Equipment (SSEE) termeasures techniques to defend Italian
the continued schedule slippage of LROI aboard a variety of ship classes and Navy ships and aircraft against electro-
in the Engineering and Manufacturing shore facilities. The Spectral system is optical/infrared (EO/IR)-guided missiles.

16 Journal of Electromagnetic Dominance • September 2020

News
The system’s main purpose will be electro-optical (EO) and multi-spectrum strategy, military operations, capability
to test the effectiveness of flare launch electro-optical/radio-frequency (EO/RF) development, and acquisition. For sev-
sequences and DIRCM jamming tech- domains.” Specific tasks include threat eral years, Clark was a senior fellow at
niques, according to the documentation exploitation and assessment; model- the Center for Strategic and Budgetary
released by the same NAVARM office, ing, simulation and analysis; hardware Assessments (CSBA), where he focused
to the creation of effective EW libraries testing and experimentation; and coun- on EMSO-related topics.
usable on board ships. The system must termeasure technique and technology —
also be set up to assist in the verification design. The MSDEW program, with a Textron Systems (Hunt Valley, MD)
and validation of missile-defeating tech- five-year $396.6 million budget, aims won a $4.4 million contract from the US
niques generated by the defensive aid to “develop sensors and systems sup- Air Force to supply a Radio Frequency
subsystems (DASS) of airborne platforms. plies to meet the need for the national Threat Simulator for the Air Force Test
The system will comprise a multi- defense for improved joint lethality in Center’s Electronic Warfare Lab at Eg-
sensor gyro-stabilized hardware unit contested environments” by advancing lin AFB, FL. The contract runs through
that can be transported aboard naval Air Force electronic warfare (EW) capa- March 2021.
platforms or deployable in firing ranges. bilities. The total value for the TAAP- —
The system will be integrated with a DEW call is estimated at $68.6 million, The US Army’s Product Lead Elec-
software component developed for simu- likely to be awarded under a single con- tronic Attack (PdL EA) (Aberdeen Prov-
lation of engagement and tracking tech- tract. Proposals were due August 14, with ing Ground, MD) has issued a Request
niques typical of various types of missile contracts to be awarded December 2020. for Information (RFI) to solicit industry
seekers (imaging and non-imaging), and The contracting point of contacts are input for its Next Generation Counter
it will enable users to assess the threat Dawn Dalhamer, 937-713-9968 or dawn. Radio-Controlled Improvised Explo-
and countermeasures response (intend- dalhamer@us.af.mil, and Donald Grein, sive Device (RCIED) Electronic Warfare
ed as a combined use of flare, DIRCM 937-713-9822 or donald.grein@us.af.mil. (CREW) System. According to the RFI,
and platform evasive maneuvers). It will — PdL EA seeks to “…identify parties that
estimate the miss-distance of the de- BAE Systems (Nashua, NH) has won have invested Internal Research and
ployed soft-kill techniques, and therefore a $179 million contract for the first two Development (IR&D) dollars to design
the effectiveness or the improvements to production lots of the Limited Interim a Command Control Communications
these countermeasures. Missile Warning System (LIMWS) for US Computers Cyber Intelligence Surveil-
According to the NAVARM office, the Army helicopters. The LIMWS program, lance Reconnaissance (C5ISR)/Electron-
system architecture will have to ensure, which is an upgrade to the AAR-57 Com- ic Warfare (EW) Modular Open Suite of
consistently with the rest of the EW mon Missile Warning System, is based Standards (CMOSS) and Modular Open
verification and validation equipment on the company’s 2-Color Advanced Radio Frequency (RF) Architecture
employed by the service, scalability and Warning System (2CAWS), which the (MORA) compliant mounted CREW sys-
upgradeability for future developments, company says includes “an open system tem or have the ability to integrate ma-
including its integration into wider test processor, two-color infrared sensors ture subsystems into a partial MORA/
scenarios, such as multi-threat or dual- for increased range, and a fiber optic A- CMOSS compliant CREW system.” The
guided RF/IR threat scenarios. kit for faster data transmission.” Under RFI also states, “The prototype capabil-
The awarded contract will have an earlier contracts, the LIMWS system has ity (CMOSS and MORA compliant Card)
overall duration of about 30 months been fielded on Army Special Operations described in this RFI will be integrated
and will end with the performance of Command helicopters as part of a quick into the CMFF prototype platform with
field test campaigns carried out in col- reaction program. The recent contract, additional CMOSS complaint cards with
laboration with the Italian Navy’s Naval which funds 200 LIMWS systems, marks various functionality.” The RFI indi-
Experimentation and Support Centre the first production units for US Army cates that program officials are contem-
(CSSN-ITE) based in Livorno. – L. Peruzzi helicopters. Leonardo DRS is supporting plating an 18- to 24-month development
the program with sensor technology. Pre- effort with two major demonstrations
IN BRIEF viously, the US Army has said it expects occurring at 12 months and 18 months
The Air Force Research Labora- to upgrade approximately 400 CMWS from the contract award date. The con-
tory, Sensors Directorate (AFRL/RYW) systems to the LIMWS configuration. tractor would produce two demonstra-
(Wright-Patterson AFB) issued a solici- — tion units and eight additional systems
tation for the first call under the Multi- The Hudson Institute (Washington, at the end of the contract. Responses
Spectrum Defensive Electronic Warfare DC) has established a Center for Defense are due September 3. The technical
(MSDEW) program. Titled Threat As- Concepts and Technology chaired by Se- point of contact is Dr. Leslie Litten, e-
sessment & Aircraft Protection Defen- nior Fellow Bryan Clark and supported mail leslie.a.litten.civ@mail.mil, and
sive Electronic Warfare (TAAP-DEW), by Fellow Timothy A. Walton. The cen- the contracting point of contact is Eric
the objective of call 01 is to “design ex- ter will explore evolving fields of mili- Pyles, e-mail eric.c.pyles.civ@mail.
pendable (ordinance) and directed-ener- tary competition and the implications mil. The RFI solicitation number is
gy (signal) countermeasure concepts, in of emerging technologies for defense W56KGY-20-R-E004. a

18 Journal of Electromagnetic Dominance • September 2020

FAILURE IS NOT AN OPTION
Tektronix co-founder Howard Vollum, along with British and American engineers, developed a revolutionary,
high-resolution radar system during WWII. Since then, Tektronix has been innovating in both the time and frequency
domains. We’ve created advanced acquisition and simulation technology with bandwidths up to 70 GHz, utilizing
the industry’s most advanced measurement trigger systems.

With the innovative suite of products that make up Tektronix closed-loop systems, you won’t risk costly failures.
Be confident your countermeasures will be effective in the most complex environments.

RSA5100B/7100B AWG5200/70000B MIXED-DOMAIN, MIXED-SIGNAL &

Real-Time Spectrum Analysis High-Fidelity Arbitrary Waveform Generation DIGITAL STORAGE OSCILLOSCOPES
26 GHz with up to 800 MHz real-time Up to 50 GS/s, fast waveform switching Next-Generation Oscilloscopes
bandwidth and two hours of recording time Up to 70 GHz bandwidth
Time- and frequency-correlated
measurements

For more information on these innovative solutions,

visit tek.com/mil-gov
US Air Force EMS
Strategy Impleme
By John Haystead

It’s not clear when the US Air zational structure, the delineation of tify, guide, and prioritize future force
Force reached its low point in electronic responsibilities and missions, and its development. According to its mission
warfare (EW) or exactly what caused it. overall relationships within the Joint statement, “Through a process of in-
Some would say it began after the 1991 Force and DOD. While it may initially novative exploration, concept develop-
Gulf War with the reorganization of appear that there are a lot of disparate ment and enterprise-wide integration
Strategic Air Command and Tactical or disconnected EMSO activities going across core functions, AFWIC produces
Air Command into Air Combat Com- on with no real overall coordination, a future force design and capability de-
mand. Others would point to the re- closer look reveals that there is indeed a velopment guidance to synchronize ac-
tirement of the F-4G Wild Weasel and master plan, and one that is, in fact, al- quisition, planning, and programming.
EF-111 Raven in the 1990s as a low point. ready beginning to come to fruition. AFWIC bridges the gap between Strat-
The specifics aren’t very clear, and they The FY2019 National Defense Au- egy and Planning by providing a future
don’t really matter. What is undeniable thorization Act (NDAA) mandated the force design relevant to the threat,
is that the Air Force allowed its EW re- Air Force create a dedicated team to strategy, and need to develop new ways
sources – its personnel, organizations, develop an electronic warfare strategy, of operating as a joint force.”
leadership, materiel, training, etc. – to including assessments of vulnerabilities
atrophy over the past 30 years. This de- and capability gaps, leading to an acqui- EMS SUPERIORITY ECCT DIGS
cline occurred in not just in terms of sition plan. INTO THE PROBLEMS
numbers of people or aircraft, but also In a discussion of the Air Force’s Meanwhile, in January of 2018, the Air
in terms of the way EW was organized EMSO initiatives, the chain-of-com- Force officially announced the forma-
across the Air Force – in a scattered, mand generally centers around the USAF tion of an Enterprise Capability Collabo-
disconnected way. There was no enter- Chief of Staff (AF/CC), currently Gen ration Team (ECCT) aimed at ensuring
prise concept for EW. It was spread so David L. Goldfein. Within Goldfein’s Air electromagnetic spectrum superiority.
thin that it was “everywhere,” and yet it Staff, there are a number of Deputy De- Gen Stephen Wilson, Air Force Vice Chief
was buried so deep within the organiza- partments, one of which is the Deputy of Staff under General Goldfein, actually
tions that no one could find it. Chief of Staff for Strategy, Integration first broke the news to spontaneous ap-
This situation began to change a few and Requirements (AF/A5). The AF/A5 plause during his keynote address to the
years ago when the Air Force began to was created in October 2018 to ensure 2017 AOC International Symposium and
take an enterprise approach to the Elec- the Air Force remained aligned to the US Convention. The ECCT team was to be
tromagnetic Spectrum. Air Force leaders National Defense Strategy. Lt Gen Samu- led by Brig Gen David Gaedecke, then
U.S. AIR FORCE PHOTO BY TECH. SGT. BRIAN KIMBALL
began to think in terms of EMS Superior- el C. Hinote is the current AF/A5 Deputy director, Cyberspace Operations and
ity and EMS Dominance, and they set in Chief of Staff, as well as being dual-hat- Warfighter Communications, Office
motion a plan to achieve those ambitious ted as the Director of the Air Force Warf- of the Air Force Headquarters Deputy
goals. The result has been the beginning ighting Integration Capability (AFWIC) Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Surveil-
of what many hope is a new era for Air organization (AF/A5A). lance, Reconnaissance and Cyber Ef-
Force, underpinned by a new approach General Goldfein, together with fects Operations (HAF/A2/6). As only
based on EMS Operations (EMSO). the Secretary of the Air Force at the the third AF ECCT to be stood up at the
time, Dr. Heather Wilson, created the time, General Wilson, stated that, “As we
THE AIR FORCE’S PATH AFWIC in October 2017 “to explore look around the globe we see that our
TO EMS DOMINANCE and wargame innovative solutions, de- adversaries have studied us over the last
To properly understand the direction, velop an integrated family of concepts, 26 years that we’ve been in conflict, and
goals, and progress of the Air Force’s and direct capability development ef- they’ve been looking at areas that they
initiatives toward achieving EMS domi- forts across the Air Force.” The orga- think they can exploit. One of those ar-
nance, it’s necessary to have a general nization was also to develop a single, eas is electronic warfare – to be able to
understanding of the Service’s organi- multi-domain strategy that will iden- dominate the spectrum.”

20 Journal of Electromagnetic Dominance • September 2020

Superiority
ntation Heating Up
Basically one year later, the results DOCTRINAL CHANGES However, in the event of a significant de-
were in. In January 2019, during a spe- As expected, the results of the ECCT velopment coming in from the field, or a
cial meeting at the Combat Air Forces led to key changes to the Air Force’s Major Command (MAJCOM) indicating
(CAF) Weapons and Tactics Conference EW Doctrine Document (Annex 3-51 – that a current doctrine is inadequate,
(WEPTAC) of 2019, at Nellis Air Force Electromagnetic Warfare and Electro- this can be moved up and a short-notice
Base, NV, General Gaedecke officially magnetic Spectrum Operations), most working group convened.
announced the results of the ECCT and notably the change in terms from “elec- This is what happened with 3-51. The
noted, “In order to execute the Air Force’s tronic warfare” to “electromagnetic war- ECCT revealed that the existing doctrine
five core missions, the Air Force should fare.” Released in July 2019, the revised contained a large amount of out-of-date
deliberately refocus efforts on electron- doctrine also addressed EW structure, or antiquated information leading Colo-
ic warfare and the EMS as a whole.” He which was rewritten to describe EW as nel Babcock to immediately put together
identified three enterprise-wide recom- a subset and specialized form of EMS an electromagnetic spectrum working
mendations and initiatives: operations (EMSO), essentially combin- group of 40-45 experts from across the
“Unifying and organizing corporate ing and consolidating information in Air Force. “Right away,” says Babcock,
governance of the EMS enterprise by es- equivalent joint publications (JPs) 3-13.1, “we decided we were not going to call it
tablishing an EMS Superiority Director- Electronic Warfare, and 6-01, Joint Elec- electronic warfare anymore, it would be
ate in the Headquarters Air Force, led by tromagnetic Spectrum Management electromagnetic warfare and electro-
a general officer, to oversee and manage Operations. magnetic spectrum operations. And, the
enterprise-wide EMS priorities and in- The updated doctrine also included focus would not be just on air operations,
vestments which will be subsumed and “enhanced information on EW in space which is pretty well written but not very
managed as a single portfolio.” and cyberspace, with additional mate- inclusive, it would also include cyber and
“Combining and consolidating EMS rial discussing the integration of EMSO space.”
services, software programming infra- across all domains, including air, land, According to Babcock, “One of the
structure and expertise into a multi-do- and maritime.” And, it also added new biggest things was really talking about
main organization focused on achieving material on organizing, planning for, ex- how to integrate EMS fires as part of a
real-time effects and enabling evolu- ecuting and assessing EMSO, which was larger non-kinetic operations capability,
tion to machine-to-machine adaptive not previously included in the doctrine. merged with cyber and space to provide
and cognitive spectrum control. In or- Importantly, as noted in its introduction, the counterpart to the kinetic options.
der to win and control the EMS, the Air the document is intended to serve to- Although the Air Force does very well
Force will employ distributed systems ward the 2019 NDA mandate of “cement- at EW training and preparedness at the
and capabilities coordinated to defeat ing the base of joint EMS capability with micro-tactical level and in a very scripted
a sophisticated adversary of complex a dedication to the education and train- way, where we know what and where
systems aligned to deny Joint Force ing of the whole force and the staffing of most of the threats are and how we will
capabilities.” a dedicated professional force fluent in address them, we don’t know how to do
And, “developing and instilling an EMS operations.” this very well at the operational level,
EMS Warrior ethos by building enter- As described by Col Lisle “Sack” Bab- which is the level at which the LeMay
prise-wide education and training pro- cock, Vice Commander, LeMay Center for Center doctrine is written – the opera-
grams to lead, innovate, integrate, train Doctrine Development and Education, tional level.”
and build EMS awareness in Airmen at there is customarily a two-year review The doctrine team also realized early
all levels. Air Force operational concepts, cycle at the LeMay Center for reviewing on that the Joint Force Air Component
tactics and doctrine, and institutional and updating doctrine documents. This Commander (JFACC) staff did not take
expertise as a whole, will progressively is usually about a 9-month process to get non-kinetic capabilities seriously for the
advance with renewed focus of a near all the players involved reviewing pro- most part across the Geographic Com-
peer in the EMS domain.” posed changes and providing feedback. bat Commanders (GCCs), not because

BACKGROUND: ©ISTOCK SUPERSMARIO www.JEDonline.com • September 2020 21

Advertorial

ENSURING THE BEST AESA PERFORMANCE

AESA TRM testing, fast and accurate.

Test challenges for AESA TRMs in development and production

Breakthrough technological advancements, such as Flexibility and efficiency are the most important param-
direct digital synthesis, phased arrays and gallium nitride eters taken into consideration when developing and
(GaN) components, have spawned a new breed of radar testing TRMs. The testing setup has to be both radar and
– multifunctional active electronically scanned array customer specific, but also scalable and efficient in order
(AESA) radar. The AESA radar performance strongly to ensure the required performance in each phase of
depends on the quality of transmit/receive module development and production. It is a complex demand for
(TRM), and due to their complexity, the TRMs require the test equipment involved, and Rohde & Schwarz holds
a lot of verification and testing during their development, the right solution.
which has a big time and cost impact.

The Rohde & Schwarz scalable solutions for multiple tests in a single setup
The characterization of TRMs requires flexible test and measurement equipment capable of handling arrays of different
measurements. Due to this, TRM test and measurement setups are complex in configuration, calibration and measure-
ment, but also error-prone - if one device is not working properly, the whole configuration fails.

All typical TRM test cases can be covered with a single network analyzer, such as the R&S®ZNA. If higher performance, for
example pulsed noise figure, is required from a spectrum analyzer, the R&S®FSW signal and spectrum analyzer is added
to the setup. The R&S®TS6 TRM test library, based on the the R&S®TSrun test sequencer software, adds flexible test auto-
mation with powerful evaluation features in a simpler setup with fewer cables. In a combination with a signal conditioning
unit, the R&S®ZVAX-TRM extension unit, all tests, including multiplexing, can be carried out without any reconnection.

A special feature is the calibration routine in the the R&S®TS6 TRM test library. It collects all the calibration requirements
from the test and runs an optimized calibration without any compromises in accuracy. The support of multiport calibra-
tion units enables the efficient calibration of devices under test (DUTs) with many ports. This combination of a simplified
test setup with a high degree of automation ensures reliable and reproducible measurements by a scalable solution that
always adapts to your requirements: from the manual testing of components, over complete module characterization in
development to automated production testing.

Ideal for increasing your test throughput

Each AESA radar consists of a large number of TRMs. Each of them has to be tested and, depending on the applica-
tion, individually calibrated over a large number of DUT states and frequencies. Here, time is of the essence, and
Rohde & Schwarz offers testing of parallelly running systems during production. The R&S®TS6 TRM test library
together with the R&S®TS6710 TRM radar test system are ideal solutions for this. Years of experience in TRM
testing have helped us deliver the fastest possible speeds for TRM testing, as expected from test equipment from
Rohde & Schwarz, in combination with a fast handover between measurement and device programming.
As an example, thanks to Figure 1: Rohde & Schwarz solutions as a single setup for TRM testing
the fast frequency sweeps
and the possibility of mul- System
R&S®FSW
tiple measurements within
one pulse, the number of
required TRM state chang- R&S®ZNA/ZVA

es is reduced and the over-

all test time is minimized.
With the R&S®ZVAX-TRM R&S®OSP-TRM
signal conditioning unit,
all tests run automatically
R&S®TS-MWM
without interaction, includ-
ing port multiplexing. A
typical test time for a com- R&S®TSVP

plete TRM characterization

can be reduced from hours,
required by the legacy TRM Power
supplies
test systems, to only a few
minutes.

PC PC R&S®ZNA/ZVA
R&S®ZNA/ZVA R&S®ZVA R&S®OSP-TRM
R&S®ZVAX-TRM R&S®TSVP
including PC

Webinar: AESA Radar Frontend Testing

The capabilities of modern AESA radar designs depend significantly on the performance of state-
of-the-art transmit/receive module (TRM). In this webinar, our experts tackle the question of how
to precisely validate TRM performance in large array antennas and reduce complexity of testing
TRMs significantly with the help of the latest test systems from Rohde & Schwarz.
Watch the webinar here: https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/aerospace-defense/AESAwebinar

Confidentiality and flexibility ensured with an open DUT interface

The parameters of TRM designs are radar specific and are considered confidential. Each TRM must be controlled by
a specific interface, protocol and trigger for testing. The R&S®TS6 TRM test library has an open software interface for
TRM control. The plugin can be programmed locally and can interface with any Rohde & Schwarz hardware. In combi-
nation with the wide range of test parameters, the whole test configuration can be carried out locally. This also allows
faster on-site adaptations and optimizations. An efficient option for TRM control is the R&S®CompactTSVP test system
versatile platform with flexible and fast control interfaces, plus digital and analog measurements. In this configuration,
shorter test times are achieved in many setups without any field-programmable gate array (FPGA) programming.

Rohde & Schwarz offers:

► Scalable solution for TRM testing from development
to production
► Frequency range from 1 GHz to 40 GHz
► Very short test times
► Multiplexing of up to 32 TRM channels per test system
► Test sequencer for user-configurable test runs
► Open C# interface for customer DUT control
► Turnkey solution from a single source
► Based on commercial off-the-shelf instruments from
Rohde & Schwarz.
Follow our series of articles and webinars on latest test so-
lutions for radar and EW testing. In November, in our next
edition, we will be talking about radar design debugging.
For more information, visit: https://www.roh-
de-schwarz.com/aerospace-defense/AESA
they didn’t think it was important, but of an Air Force Cross Functional Team note. It includes three centers with the
because, over the last 25 years, the fight (CFT) aimed at Electromagnetic Spec- CFTs belonging to Center 2 (Capabili-
had been in CENTCOM, and EW was trum (EMS) Dominance. The ground- ties). However, A57 is unique in that it is
largely relegated to RCIED detection and work for the EMS Dominance CFT had run by General Manion, who in addition
insurgent suppression. It was clear that been lain during the CORONA South as A5L Director also reports directly to
the revised doctrine needed to address summit at MacDill AFB, FL, where top General Hinote.
big-picture topics such as the Air Force’s Air Force leaders, including General If this seems a bit confusing, well,
reprogramming efforts as highlighted Goldfein, convened to discuss strategy it is. The Air Force now has an EMS
by the ECCT. Says Babcock, “It was clear and policy. Dominance CFT and an EMS Superior-
that people just didn’t understand it, The EMS Dominance CFT was one ity Directorate. Both of them are led by
and the current doctrine didn’t explain of eleven CFTs established by the Air the same people (General Hinote and
it. We needed people to understand that Force’s AFWIC group and set up along General Manion), and staffed by some of
when you’re talking about the EMS En- the lines of the Army Futures Com- the same personnel (such as Lieutenant
terprise, you’ve got to be focused on the mand’s CFTs. The EMS Dominance CFT Colonel Kassebaum). Both organizations
programming/and reprogramming of was tasked with “pursuing a holistic share many of the same responsibilities
all of the systems.” multi-domain approach to electronic and goals (EMS dominance/superiority).
“When we found ourselves now look- warfare and EMS dominance, including The good news is that the Air Force is in
ing at a near-peer threat as per the new a family of systems approach, to ensure the process of bringing these two organi-
NDS directive,” recalls Babcock, “it was access through the spectrum and deny zations together into one office.
clear that our focus on EW capabilities that access to competitors.” As Kassebaum describes it, the en-
in the EMS were woefully inadequate Most importantly, however, also tire roster of the EMS Dominance CFT
across the DOD. We no longer had ca- in August, the Air Force formally an- includes about 70 people, however this
pabilities like Wild Weasels, the F-117, nounced the creation of the Air Force number includes MAJCOM representa-
or backseat EWOs, as part of the fires in Electromagnetic Spectrum Superiority tives who are not officially tasked as part
the Air Force. The pool of expertise was Directorate (HAF/A5L) within the Air of the CFT’s work. Most of its efforts
really only Compass Call, Rivet Joint, or Force Headquarters Deputy Chief of are conducted by a core team of about
machines on airplanes.” To address this, Staff for Strategy, Integration and Re- a dozen participants from the National
Babcock says their first task was to get quirements. As called for in the ECCT Capital Region (NCR), as well as an AFRL
the Air Force to understand why the EMS findings, the new Directorate would be member, that meet more frequently.
is important – “to understand that our responsible for gaining and maintaining From his perspective Kassebaum
peer adversaries are heavily invested in EMS and electromagnetic warfare su- doesn’t believe the AFWIC sees the EMS
these areas, and if we don’t address this, periority, orchestrating enterprise-wide Dominance CFT as ultimately compil-
we will be crushed.” actions and unity of effort in developing ing a formal all-encompassing report,
Babcock recalls things came to frui- and synchronizing multi-domain EMS but rather as a group continually focused
tion after the Combat Air Forces (CAF) operations doctrine, strategy, policy, re- on future force design and development
Weapons and Tactics Conference (WEP- quirements, capability development and planning, with targeted reports to help
TAC) of 2019, when as the ECCT lead, Planning, Programming, Budgeting & influence planning choices, budget de-
General Gaedecke briefed General Gold- Execution across all Air Force core func- cisions, and future design inside and
fein. As Babcock recalled, Gaedecke tions. Coming full circle, in addition, the outside of the Future Years Defense Plan
pointed to 15-20 years of studies showing EMS Superiority Director would also be (FYDP). “My personal view is that strat-
that we were behind the power curve in dual-hatted to lead the new EMS Domi- egy documents and guidances should
the EMS, and he detailed how we will nance CFT in partnership with the Air be a relatively small number of pages,
have to go after it in our planning, or- Force Warfighting Integration Capabil- and not spend a lot of pages just talking
ganizing, training and equipping. Here’s ity (AFWIC) office. General Gaedecke about what the Spectrum is,” Kassebaum
how we need to do it, said Gaedecke, if initially served in this role, but as of this explains. “It should be concise and pro-
we’re going to be able to program and re- June has handed the reins to Brig Gen vide clear priorities focusing on the Air
program; to actually teach EMS theory Michael Manion. Force’s problems-to-solve.” He went on
and doctrine to our airmen from the Lt Col Jeff “Seed” Kassebaum is a Divi- to say, “There really hasn’t been a strat-
youngest age, and execute all of these sion Chief within A5L and also serves as egy out there, and we want to get that
things. Deputy Director of the EMS Dominance information and strategy out as we move
CFT. AFWIC is now within AF/CC under from EW toward EMSO and realignment
AN EMS SUPERIORITY newly appointed Deputy Chief of Staff of force design. We want to focus on a co-
DIRECTORATE AND THE CFT for Strategy, Integration and Require- herent strategy that is useable.”
FOR EMS DOMINANCE ments (AF/A5), Lt Gen Clinton Hinote. With regard to the creation of the A5L
The electromagnetic warfare doc- Newly reorganized and provisionally organization, Kassebaum says, “It’s a tre-
trinal changes were followed in August established as A57, the EMS Dominance mendous win to have a general-officer
of that year with the official formation CFT is directly headed by General Hi- led Directorate focused on EMS Supe-

24 Journal of Electromagnetic Dominance • September 2020

riority. The role of Air Force HQ is to the CAF and for systems engineering, electronic attack pods and integrated
provide a strategic framework where the testing, evaluation, tactics development, EW systems.
major commands can fit in their capabil- employment, capability and technology After transferring command of the
ity development strategies based on their assessment. This includes the wartime 53d EWG to Col David Perez in July 2019,
requirements and gaps. Air Force HQ’s responsibility for emergency reprogram- Colonel Young was tasked to plan for,
job is to provide left and right bounds, ming and dissemination of EW system develop, and implement the stand-up of
provide prioritization, define lines of ef- mission data software for CAF aircraft. a new Air Force Wing – The Spectrum
fort, and drive the effort forward with The group manages the COMBAT Warfare Wing. As he describes it, “When
everyone all pulling in the same direc- SHIELD Electronic Warfare Assessment ACC [Air Combat Command (ACC)]
tion. Where major commands have con- Program for CAF aircraft EW systems. commander Gen James M. ‘Mike’ Holmes
flicting requirements, we need to resolve COMBAT SHIELD provides operational made the decision to pursue standing up
those or align similar capabilities. We units a system-specific capability assess- a Spectrum Warfare Wing to satisfy the
will be derivative from the DOD strategy, ment for their radar warning receivers, ECCT requirement, I was the guy that
or at least not in conflict.”
One area where Kassebaum expects
the A5L to have significant impact is in
helping the Air Force move away from
hardware-centric and platform-depen-
dent solutions and moving toward so-
lutions that are software-defined and
platform agnostic. “As we do more stud-
ies, we’ll find out that if we can prolifer-
ate software-defined capabilities, we will
be inherently more flexible and scaleable
and will have many more options going
forward,” he says. “What we don’t want
to do is to only have a capability strategy
that’s dependent on ‘matter’ acquisition.
The strategy must encompass both mat-
ter and energy, so if we can’t buy enough
missiles, we have to come up with some
other creative solutions, and energy
weapons help us do that. We will abso-
lutely need more energy weapons, and
The NDC1840I0217N14 is a 18-40 GHz Down Converter,
this is where EA, and EM-delivered cyber
come in. This has been an area of focus
part of Norden Millimeter's expanding line of
in our first year of stand-up.” catalog and custom frequency converters.
Kassebaum notes that A5L did have an This product is available with a .5-18 GHz bypass channel
opportunity to comment on the DOD’s and hermetic case. Custom designs incorporate
upcoming EMS Superiority Strategy temperature compensation, variable gain, and meet
written by the EMSO CFT. “Primarily,” military e
environmental requirements.
he says, “we wanted to make sure there Norden can also provide RF and microwave assemblies
was an emphasis on EM attack. Older which include frequency conversion, switch matrices,
versions didn’t talk about attacking in
amplifiers, LNAs and filters.
the spectrum, as opposed to just being
able to use the spectrum. So, we put in
more from the attack side.”

A SPECTRUM WARFARE WING

Col William “Dollar” Young, for-
mer commander of the US Air Force’s
53d EW Group (Eglin AFB, FL), is well
known to the AOC and EW community
at large. The 53d EW Group is part of the www.NordenGroup.com
53d Wing, and is responsible for provid- Sales@NordenGroup.com
ing operational, technical and mainte- (530) 642-9123
nance electronic warfare expertise for

1012902_Norden.indd 1 2020 252:15 PM

www.JEDonline.com • September 2020-06-23
 WASHINGTON D.C.
A O C I N T E R N AT
SYMPOSIUM &
DECEMBER 8 - 10, 2020

All-Domain Operations—Integrating Across the Spectrum

The importance of the electromagnetic spectrum cannot be over emphasized; it is the bedrock
that supports the emerging concepts of all-domain operations, an integrated and synchronized
application across all domains. Awareness of the spectrum, understanding its properties, its role

2020 Markets Represented 33 countries

• Global EW Systems: $13 Billion in attendance
THE LARGEST • Global SIGINT: $12 Billion
GATHERING OF • Global Military Radar: $19 Billion
THE DEFENSE • Global Military Tactical
Communications: $26 Billion
ELECTRONICS • Global Military GPS/SATNAV
MARKETPLACE! Receiver & Other Electronics:
$5 Billion

The Association of Old Crows (AOC) continues to monitor health risks such as the COVID-19 coronavirus via the Cen
with health agencies, venues, and suppliers, for the latest information and guidance, and we will continue to develop
exhibitors, partners, and staff is a top priority.
IONAL
Host Sponsor

CONVENTION
5 7. c r o w s . o r g

in modern day operations, and the ability to command and control effects and operations within
the spectrum are necessary to fully strategize, plan, and execute all-domain operations.
The dominance of the electromagnetic spectrum is foundational to successful all-domain
operations.

Attendance Profile MIL/GOV Breakdown by Employer MIL/GOV Breakdown by Job

Function
MIL/GOV: 26.7%
Science &
Congressional Technology (S&T)
Other Army 25.8%
EW/SIGINT Staff MIL/GOV 13.1%
System 4.6% Operations &
16%
Manufacturers Operational
27.5% Navy
MOD/OSD Training: 25.6%
19.3%
Component & 11.2%
Acquisition: 19.6%
Subsystem
Manufacturers Intelligence Other: 12.7%
Marines
42.0% 3.9% Air Force
3.3%
28.5% Test & Evaluation
Media, Academia, (T&E): 9.1%
& Other: 3.8%
Executive: 7.2%

ters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO). We are actively working
precautionary measures to further reduce health risks at our events. The health and safety of our attendees,
got tapped to figure out how to do it.” discussion of this possibly taking place ray of apps and continuously updating
Now, serving as the Special Assistant with an Initial Operating Capability those apps and combining them in dif-
for Spectrum Warfare, Young describes (IOC) sometime next Spring. ferent ways.”
his role as “project lead for pulling all of Colonel Young says there will “abso- Young also points to the current situ-
this together.” The initial working group lutely be a relationship between the new ation where reprogramming centers are
was very small, including only Young, Wing, the A5L, LeMay Center, and AF- largely concentrating on data. “But,” he
ACC Deputy Director of Operations Ted WIC, as well as many other Air Force or- says, “what we’re talking about now and
Uchida, and General Gaedecke. “Over ganizations. If you look at the capabilities for the future with SDR is not just data.
time, we’ve expanded the team from an that AFWIC is developing and envision- The data will still be important, but the
exploratory group, bringing in people ing for the future force design, a key por- ability to actually write software (mis-
from the [Air] Warfare Center, from the tion of all of that will rely on the EMS. If sion-ware) that is somewhere in between
bigger staff at ACC, other MAJCOMs, you go back and take a look at the Chief’s this notion of apps to get new capabili-
and the 53d Wing.” (Goldfein’s) presentation at AFA last year, ties without changing the operating sys-
Colonel Young emphasizes that they he presented a vignette of multi-domain tem or the hardware itself will be even
didn’t just launch into the task, but be- operations as he was conceptualizing it more powerful. The functionality is still
gan with a strategic design. As has been at the time, and I like to point out that all limited by the limitations of the hard-
made clear in the ECCT and subsequent the lightning bolts on his presentation ware and the operating system, but there
work by A5L and the LeMay Center, slides and connecting all of those capa- is still a whole bunch of things you can
programming and reprogramming are bilities from ships to aircraft to satellites, do to change different things with a new
seen as a critical element of achieving were in fact the EMS. The organization app, or changing the data on a new app.
and maintaining EMS dominance, and that will make those lightning bolts real You can change that a lot faster than it
as observed by Young, “Given a tasking is the Spectrum Warfare Wing.” takes to write a new operating system or
of consolidating and modernizing the The ability to perform rapid repro- build new hardware.”
EW programming enterprise, the stra- gramming is crucial to achieving EMS
tegic design was really an exploration of superiority. As described by Young, “If A BIG PICTURE VIEW
the problem space, and what that really we envision a world where everything As observed by Colonel Young, one
meant. Once we had approval on that, we is a software-defined radio (SDR) or a need only look at the number of new an-
used it in the same way that an architect reprogrammable multi-function array, nouncements coming out on a regular
uses a blueprint to actually do the build- and then ask, ‘where is the advantage basis to see that the Air Force has put a
ing that is going on now. What was re- there?’ You immediately find that the significant emphasis on EMSO Domi-
ally powerful about this is that one of the advantage lies in the ability to produce nance, and particularly on the promise
things that the Chief of Staff had talked the equivalent of applications (apps) of the Spectrum Warfare Wing. “Putting
about as one of his priorities was improv- that tie together all these different ca- it in perspective, at a time when we have
ing the ability of airmen to operate in a pabilities, because in order to be able to so many priorities, for our leadership to
Joint environment. The strategic design do this at mission-relevant timelines, say, not only are we going to double down
then is actually a Joint Publication (JP) you aren’t going to be able to produce on our investment in the EMS, but add
5-0, Joint Planning doctrine, which lays new hardware and you won’t be able to to that the power in the fact that the Air
out operational design of our problem change an operational flight program Force is not standing up an EW Wing,
planning environment. We focused not (OFP) for all these individual compo- but a Spectrum Warfare Wing. Our lead-
on organizational charts, we started nents. What you can do, however, is ers were very deliberate about sending
with a deep dive into Air Force-wide to introduce, or modify, what we call that message. We’re standing up a new
reprogramming activities and into the ‘mission-ware’ which for simplification organizational type that is fitted in its
broader task of achieving, gaining and sake can be thought of as apps for em- design from its very inception to compete
maintaining EMS dominance. We fo- bedded systems. The mission-ware, or and win in the 21st Century warfighting
cused on identifying and creating a sus- apps, being developed jointly with EW environment. It is inherently suited for
tainable competitive advantage and then experts at the Air Force Research Labo- multi-domain operations, because that’s
how to scale that.” ratory (AFRL) and the Air Force Life Cy- what it was born to do. It’s totally differ-
Although it may seem likely that the cle Management Center (AFLMC), allow ent than taking a 20th Century organi-
53d EW Group will be incorporated in you to pose a challenge to your adversary zational type and trying to update it. It’s
some fashion within the Spectrum War- based not on how an individual system a particularly powerful message and goes
fare Wing, no specific organizational and its capabilities currently exist, but to the faith that our senior leaders have
arrangement and structure for the new by being to combine different capabili- in our ability to compete and win in this
Wing has yet been officially announced ties from all of the different platforms domain. It also speaks to their belief in
publicly. In fact, a decision to stand-up of – aircraft, ships, satellites, etc. – any way our ability to generate an advantage in
the Wing, itself, has not been announced we choose via the EMS. The advantage the EMS and then convert that advan-
publicly either to date, although there is the ability to rapidly change and vary tage into competitive advantages across
has certainly been some unofficial public our approach by providing a wide ar- all the other domains.” a

28 Journal of Electromagnetic Dominance • September 2020

TECHNOLOGY SURVEY
A SAMPLING OF EW AND SIGINT TUNERS
By Barry Manz

EW and SIGINT tuners are some of the most of a bandpass filter, low-noise amplifier (LNA), mixer and
complex subsystems to design, and the challenge grows local oscillator (LO).
more daunting every year, driven by several factors. First, In contrast, a direct RF sampling receiver consists of
these subsystems must not only detect signals in the in- only the low-noise amplifier, filters and an analog-to-
credibly dense spectral environment from HF through 6 digital converter (ADC). There is no need for mixers and
GHz but increasingly up to 50 or 60 GHz, as well. In addi- LOs as the ADC digitizes the analog RF signal directly off
tion, finding a target signal in this spectral soup has be- the air, after which the data stream is sent to an FPGA for
come daunting for SIGINT and EW systems, especially in processing. It’s also possible to employ digital rather than
airborne environments, where every nanosecond of ad- analog filters, except for those required for anti-aliasing
ditional response time can increase exposure to threats. and reconstruction. In short, analog frequency conver-
Tuners must do this while achieving extremely high sen- sion is not required, so the design is simpler, smaller and
sitivity, high spurious-free dynamic range, fast tuning potentially less expensive.
speed and high performance in other critical metrics. Along with these benefits, however, come design chal-
The DOD would ideally like to field EW and SIGINT lenges. Foremost among them is the fact that directly
systems that feature the fewest components and lowest ingesting higher frequencies requires ADCs with higher
power consumption, and that are packaged in the small- sampling rates, so the performance of the entire tuner
est footprint. Fortunately, tuner manufacturers are ris- (or receiver) relies in large measure on advances in this
ing to this challenge. But the fact remains that covering single device. For example, the instantaneous bandwidth
50 GHz of spectrum requires multiple tuners that cannot of the ADC is dictated by Nyquist sampling, in which the
be accommodated in a tiny enclosure – at least not yet. sampling rate is twice that of the highest frequency of
The good news comes, as usual these days, in the form of the input signal. If that frequency is, say, 40 GHz, the
digital technology that can replace and often eliminate sampling rate would need to be at least 80 Gsamples/sec,
functions traditionally performed in the analog domain. a formidable achievement.
In fact, as digital devices replace or eliminate analog The answer to whether this is currently achievable is
functions in a receiver, the tuner has almost disappeared available only for those with “a need to know,” as such
within the confines of the receiver in some designs, devices are either designed and fabricated by test equip-
thanks in large measure to two major technological ment manufacturers for exclusive use in their own prod-
advances. The first to help this transformation was di- ucts or are available only to the DOD. However, it’s safe
rect digital synthesis (DDS), whose benefits include fast to assume that the top-tier of ADCs have performance
switching between frequencies, fine frequency resolu- well beyond what is available on the Web.
tion and operation over a broad range of frequencies. Overall performance can also be realized by time-in-
DDS achieves this, ideally, without discontinuities, terleaving multiple (and identical) ADCs, which makes it
phase shifts and other artifacts, with its overall perfor- possible to sample data at a higher rate than the sample
mance relying on its spur-free dynamic range, phase rate of each converter. It can also be achieved by inter-
noise and jitter, as well as the performance of its convert- leaving the two channels of a single ADC in which each
ers. While DDS once required a considerable number of channel has, for example, a sampling rate of 5.2 Gsam-
components, today it can be achieved in a small device ples/sec that would result in 10.4 Gsamples/sec per chan-
that consumes little power. nel and an instantaneous bandwidth of 5.2 GHz.
Another, more recent, development is direct RF sam- Interleaving multiple ADCs can produce remarkable
pling, which also simplifies receiver design by dramati- results, hints of which are sometimes revealed, perhaps
cally reducing the number of analog components, which inadvertently, such as instantaneous bandwidths of 100
in turn results in a smaller footprint and higher effi- GHz. That said, interleaving is difficult and poses signif-
ciency. Its simplified architecture also removes potential icant design challenges, but when these are adequately
sources of noise, images and other errors, such as LO addressed, the results can be spectacular.
leakage and quadrature impairments. For example, with Although DDS and direct RF sampling are essential
the venerable heterodyne receiver architecture, the in- technologies required to advance the tuner state-of-the-
coming signal is downconverted to a lower intermediate art, there are others as well, and collectively they will en-
frequency where it is then digitized, filtered and demod- sure that there will be no shortage of good problems for
ulated. This typically requires an RF front end consisting designers in the years to come.

www.JEDonline.com • September 2020 29

EW & SIGINT TUNERS
NUMBER OF
OPERATING IF CENTER TUNING TIME AND
MODEL IF BANDWIDTH CONVERSION RF TO IF GAIN
FREQ OUTPUT FREQ. STEP SIZE
STAGES
Annapolis Micro Systems; Annapolis, MD, USA; +1 410-841-2514; www.AnnapMicro.com
WWGM61 / WWGM62 / 10 MHz - 10 MHz - 6 GHz * * *
WWGM63 6 GHz 10 GHz

Atlanta Micro, Inc.; Peachtree Corners, GA, USA; +1 470-253-7640; www.atlantamicro.com

AM9012 2 MHz - 6 GHz 60 MHz 80 MHz 3 100 µsec / 3 dB
5 MHz (analog)

AM9017 100 MHz - 1 GHz 500 MHz 2 100 µsec / 8 dB

18 GHz 5 MHz (analog)

Collins Aerospace; Richardson, TX, USA; +1 972-705-1438; www.rockwellcollins.com/ewsigint

RC-8800 Microwave 0.5-20 GHz * * * * *
Tuner
CommsAudit; Cheltenham, UK; +44 (0)1242 253131; www.commsaudit.com
CA7814 9 kHz - Digital Full-band * 1 msec typ. Configurable
32 MHz (31.991 MHz) 1 Hz

CA7852 20 MHz - Digital 2x 100 MHz * 1.5 msec typ. Configurable

6 GHz 1 Hz

CA7878 6 - 40 GHz Analog IF 1.5 GHz * 1.5 msec nom. *

(43 GHz configurable (within 10 kHz)
option in 2.5 Hz
development)
CyberRadio Solutions; Mt. Airy, MD, USA; www.cyberradiosolutions.com
NDR364 Wideband 20 MHz - 6 GHz Digital 125 MHz BW 2 100/1Hz 25 dB
Digital Tuner
NDR584 3U VPX Tuner 20 MHz - 1 GHz 500 MHz BW 2 50 msec/1MHz 25 dB
18 GHz
NDR378 6U VPX Tuner 2 MHz - 6 GHz Digital 80 MHz BW 2 100/1Hz 25 DB

Digital Receiver Technology, Inc.; Germantown, MD, USA, +1 301-916-5554; www.drti.com

RFT3A-40 20-3000 MHz 120 MHz 40 MHz * * *

RFT4 20 MHz - 6.5 120 MHz 40 MHz * * *

GHz
diminuSys; Irvine, CA, USA, +1 800-809-4230; www.diminusys.com
P518B500 0.5-18 GHz 1000 or 1200 500 MHz * 100 µsec, 1 Hz -20 to +40 dB
MHz

P540B500 0.5-40 GHz 1000 or 1200 500 MHz * 100 µsec, 1 Hz -20 to +40 dB
MHz

Epiq Solutions; Rolling Meadows, IL, USA; +1 847-598-0218; www.epiqsolutions.com

Sidekiq X4 VPX Blade 1 MHz - 6 GHz Digital, I/Q Up to 400 MHz 1 * 0
output

Sidekiq X4 PCIe Blade 1 MHz - 6 GHz Digital, I/Q Up to 400 MHz 1 * 0

output

30 Journal of Electromagnetic Dominance • September 2020

DYNAMIC NOISE BUS RECEIVER SIZE (HxWxL
POWER (W) FEATURES
RANGE FIGURE STRUCTURE CHANNELS inches/cm)

52 dB * * 2/8/4 35.9W (typ); 3.98 x 3.22 x Integrated heatsink and EMI /

60W (max) .46 in. crosstalk shields; commercial and
industrial temperatures available.

80 dB 12 dB SPI 1 4W 0.26 x 1.44 x PC mount mini-module.

2.33 in. / 0.66 x
3.65 x 5.92 cm
75 dB 15 dB SPI 1 3.7W 0.26 x 1.38 x PC mount mini-module.
2.69 in. / 0.67 x
3.51 x 6.82 cm

* * * 4 * 6U, single slot *

3rd order IIP 10 dB max. Control: 1 GbE; 1 40 W max. 4 x 15 x 26 cm 250 MSPS, 16 bit I/Q output in VITA
+4dBm; 2nd order data: 10 GbE 49 format; ultra low phase noise; high
IIP +40dBm dynamic range.
3rd order IIP 7-10 dB typ. Control: 1 GbE; 2 70 W typ. 4 x 17 x 27 cm Multiple tuners can be connected as
+15dBm; 2nd order data: 10 GbE phase coherent for DF applications;
IIP +40dBm precision timestamps for TDOA
applications
* 14-16 dB Control: 1 GbE 1 18.5 W 8 x 12 x 24 cm When combined with a CA7852, the
nom. down-converter can provide 100
MHz of digital IBW with streaming
I/Q data.

80 dB 14 dB * 4 38W +11 to 15 5.7 (W) x 8.4 (D) Up to 512 DDC’s/built-in GPS

VDC x 1.6 (H) in. receiver.
72 dB 15 dB * 4 40W, (10W 3U Independent and phase coherent.
per channel)
83 dB 15 dB * 8 +12 VDC (P0) 6U Supports all 7 modes of operation.
Power Input
- 110

85 dB * CPCI 2 30W max. 4 x 0.8 x 6.5 in. Dual-channel, fast-tuning digital

tuner covering 0.5-3000 MHz.
85 dB * CPCI 2 34W max. 4 x 0.8 x 6.5 in. Dual-channel, fast-tuning digital
tuner covering 0.5-6500 MHz.

87 dB, 1 MHz BW 14 dB USB, Ethernet, 1 85W 1.7 x 11.8 x 19 Synchronous auxiliary outputs
Serial in., 1U at 900, 160 and 21.4 MHz; field
replaceable input connectors.
82 dB, 1 MHz BW 17 dB USB, Ethernet, 1 98W 1.7 x 11.8 x 19 Synchronous auxiliary outputs at
Serial in., 1U 900, 160 and 21.4 MHz; cooling inlets
and outlets on back panel.

75-80 dB SFDR 8 dB typical VPX, Ethernet 4 * 3U OpenVPX Multi-card sync to support channel
typical noise figure Compliant, 1 in. coherency across cards; Kintex
VITA 48.2, 6.3 x UltraScale XCKU115 FPGA; Zynq
4 x 1 in. UltraScale+ ZU7EV MPSoC.
75-80 dB SFDR 8 dB typical PCIe 4 * Half length Kintex UltraScale XCKU060 or
typical noise figure PCIe, 6.6 x 4.25 XCKU115 FPGA.
in.

www.JEDonline.com • September 2020 31

EW & SIGINT TUNERS
NUMBER OF
OPERATING IF CENTER TUNING TIME AND
MODEL IF BANDWIDTH CONVERSION RF TO IF GAIN
FREQ OUTPUT FREQ. STEP SIZE
STAGES
Epiq Solutions; Rolling Meadows, IL, USA; +1 847-598-0218; www.epiqsolutions.com cont’d.
Sidekiq Stretch 45 MHz - 6 GHz Digital, I/Q Up to 56 MHz 1 * 0
output

FEI-Elcom Tech, Inc.; Northvale, NJ, USA; +1 201-767-8030 ext 271; www.fei-elcomtech.com
SIR-4000 digital 0.5-18, 0.5-26.6, 1, 1.85 GHz, 160, 1 GHz, 500, 200, 2 < 1 msec 30 dB RF, 90 dB
receiver 0.5-40 GHz 140, 70 MHz, 100, 50, 5, 1 MHz, digital
tunable 100, 50, 20, 10 KHz
DCMCHNL-6500 .5-18, 6-18, 0.5- 1, 1.85 GHz, 160, 1 GHz, 500, 200, 2 < 50 micro second 30 dB
26, 6-40 GHz 140, 70 MHz, 100, 50, 5, 1 MHz
tunable
VPXST-6500 2-18, 6-18, 2-26, 1, 1.85, 2.8 GHz, 1, 2 GHz 2 < 1 micro second 30 dB
6-40 GHz other optional
GEW Technologies (Hensoldt South Africa); Silverton, South Africa; +27 421-6200, www.gew.co.za
GEW ® GRX6000 WB HF 8.3 kHz - 30 Digital 2.5, 5, 10, 30 MHz Direct 1 Hz -40 to +35 dB
Receiver MHz

GEW ® GRX7 Compact 8.3 kHz - 6 GHz Digital 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 MHz * 570 us, 1 Hz -30 to +20 dB
HF/VHF/UHF/SHF
Receiver
GEW ® MRR8001C WB 500 kHz - 3.6 153.6 MHz 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 2 150 us, 1 Hz -30 to +40 dB
HF/VHF/UHF Receiver GHz 80 MHz

iRF Solutions Inc.; Sparks, MD, USA; +1 443-595-8500; www.irf-solutions.com

iWR-6800 0.5-26.5 GHz 1 GHz, 160 MHz 500 MHz, 100 MHz Multiple < 300 µsec, 1 kHz +20 dB ± 1dB

iWR-6500 0.5-44 GHz 1 GHz, 160 MHz 500 MHz, 100 MHz Multiple < 300 µsec, 1 kHz +20 dB ± 1dB

iCC-1000 (BLND) 3.4-24.2 GHz 950-1950 MHz 1 GHz Single Block down 10 dB nom.
converter

Leonardo DRS; Germantown, MD, USA; +1 301-948-7550; www.leonardodrs.com

Polaris VHF/UHF 2 MHz - 6.2 GHz 70 MHz 40 MHz analog, 85 * 300 µsec, 1 MHz 16 dB min., 26 dB
Multichannel Wideband MHz digital max.
Tuner
Harrier Fullband 500 kHz - 30 Digital 30 MHz, DDCs 10 * 100 µsec, 1 Hz *
Multichannel HF Digital MHz Hz - 10 MHz
Tuner

Talon VHFUHF 4 channel 20 MHz - 6 GHz Digital 40, 25, 10 & * 50 usec, 24 dB
tuner with 2-20 MHz 3 MHz 1 MHz
bypass
Mercury Systems; Andover, MA, USA; www.mrcy.com; +1 978-967-1401
RFM3202 2-18 GHz 4.5 GHz 2 GHz Dual conversion 25 μsec typi. (to 25 dB
superhet within
10 kHz)

RFM3111 6-18 GHz 1.875 GHz 1 GHz Dual conversion 25 μsec typ. (to 25 dB
superhet within
10 kHz)

32 Journal of Electromagnetic Dominance • September 2020

DYNAMIC NOISE BUS RECEIVER SIZE (HxWxL
POWER (W) FEATURES
RANGE FIGURE STRUCTURE CHANNELS inches/cm)

60 dB SFDR < 8 dB typical PCIe 1 * 22 x 80 x 4.5 PCIe M.2 2280 key B or M socket
typical noise figure mm, compatible (commonly used for NVMe® SSD).
to NVMe® SSD Pre-select receive filtering.
host socket

91 dB, 1 MHz BW 14 dB typical * 1 150W 19 in. rack Low cost; low SWAP to operate in
mount 2U harsh environments.

93 dB,1 MHz BW 14 dB typical * 4 100W 19 in. rack Supports both independent and
mount 1U phase coherent operation and
conduction cooled environments.
93 dB, 1 MHz BW 14 dB typical * 4 < 40W 6U VPX 500 MHz digitized BW over 10GbE,
FPGA DSP resources.

≥ 80 dB ≤ 9 dB typ 1 x 1 GbE, 1 x 10 Up to 4 90W (model 19 in. 2U x 450 Streaming capability of entire HF

GbE Optical independent dependent) mm depth band (30 MHz).
full HF
channels
≥ 70 dB ≤ 12 dB typ 1 x GbE, 1 x Single channel 25W 107 x 40 x 198 Compact and lightweight up to 6 GHz
USB2.0, 1 x HF/VHF/UHF/ mm performance.
USB3.0 SHF
≥ 75 dB ≤ 10 dB typ 3 x 1 GbE, 1 x 10 Up to 32 DDC 250W max. 19 in. 2U x 450 Instantaneous bandwidth up
GbE Optical channels mm depth to 80 MHz with up to 32 digital
demodulators (system dependent).

Single Tone 13 dB typ VPX 1 < 30W 3U VPX, 1 in. *

SFDR: > 55 dB Pitch
Single Tone 13 dB typ Brick 1 < 50W 1.6 (H) x 5.5 (W) Optional integrated ADC w/ user
SFDR: > 55 dB x 10 (D) in. FPGA.
Internally ≤ 19 dB Modules 2 < 10W 3.2 (H) x 5.5 IF Outputs: Analog & RF over fiber, RF
Generated (W) x 10 (D) in. over fiber: +5dBm, 1310 nm, LC/APC.
Spurious < -80 enclosure
dBm

SFDR = 74 dB 13 dB; 6 dB RS-232, USB 2.0, 1-5 5W per 3 x 2.5 x 5 in. Supports flexible digital down-
with two tones @ with LNA on 10/100 Base T, 10 analog converters with a range of
-35 dBm input Gig E SFP+ channel bandwidths.
Instantaneous < 12 dB at Control: 1 Gb RJ- 2 or 4 < 100W 1U half rack; Exceptionally high dynamic range,
Dynamic Range max. gain 45 Ethernet; data channels with 1.75 x 8.5 x 22 very low phase noise, phase
> 130 dB at 1 KHz out: 10 Gb SFP+ up to 64 DDCs in. coherent; compact and low power.
BW; SFDR > 105 Ethernet
dB @ -20 dBm
two-tone input
SFDR = 82 dB with 12 dB typical VRT encoded 2-4 plus 8 DDC 100W 1U half rack; Four independent or phase coherent
two tones at -31 over 10 Gigibit channels 1.75 x 8.5 x 22 RF channels, selectable IF BW and
dBm input Ethernet in. ultra-low phase noise.

90 dB (with 1 MHz 15 dB (Rx SOSA-aligned 2Rx/2Tx 120-140W 3U OpenVPX 2GHz instantaneous bandwidth;
BW) typical)/ wideband design with excellent
25 dB (Tx phase noise and high-dynamic range.
typical)
91 dB (with 1 MHz 14dB (Rx SOSA-aligned 1Rx/1Tx 44-55W 3U OpenVPX 1 GHz IBW to maximize spectral
BW) typical)/24dB density; rugged, compact, and open-
(Tx typical) systems compliant.

www.JEDonline.com • September 2020 33

EW & SIGINT TUNERS
NUMBER OF
OPERATING IF CENTER TUNING TIME AND
MODEL IF BANDWIDTH CONVERSION RF TO IF GAIN
FREQ OUTPUT FREQ. STEP SIZE
STAGES
Mercury Systems; Andover, MA, USA; www.mrcy.com; +1 978-967-1401 cont’d.
TAC-3290 0.5-26.5, Tunable, Selectable; 500, Superhet 200 μsec, typ. 30 dB
0.5-44 GHz 0.5-4.5 GHz 1000 & 2000 MHz

Midwest Microwave Solutions Inc.; Hiawatha, Iowa, USA; +1 319-393-4055; www.mms-rf.com

UWBT-218G-D 2-18 GHz 3 GHz 1.5 GHz 2 300 μsec typ 40 dB

WRX-626G-D 6-26 GHz Digital 500 MHz 2 300 μsec typ 60 dB

TN-26GLX-D 30 MHz - 140/150 MHz Selectable 20-80 2 200 μsec typ 60 dB

26 GHz MHz
Norden Millimeter Inc.; Placerville, CA, USA; +1 530-719-4704; www.NordenGroup.com
NUDC2-18_1.3-2.3 2-18 GHz 1.8 GHz 1 GHz 2 20 μsec/ 40 dB
100 MHz

NDC0218I0203N10 2-18 GHz 1.875 GHz 1 GHz 2 External LO 25 dB

NDCR518I01N14 0.5-18 GHz 1 GHz 500 MHz 2 External LO 10 dB

NuWaves Engineering; Middletown, OH, USA; +1 513-360-0800; www.nuwaves.com

HiPerTuner 200 MHz - 200 MHz - 2.5 4-8% * 50 msec, 1-MHz step 200-500 MHz, 28
2.5 GHz GHz size dB min.; 1800-
2500 MHz, 21 dB
min.
PLATH GmbH; Hamburg, Germany; +49-(0)-40-23-73-40; www.plath.de
SIR 5110 0.5-30 MHz * Coherent 12.288 Direct sampling * *
MHz (digital in 16 of entire range
subbands)
SIR 5115 0.5-30 MHz * Coherent 29.5 Direct sampling * *
MHz (digital in 40 of entire range
subbands)

SIR 2115 9 kHz - 6000 * 80 MHz (V/UHF) 2 - superhet (V/ ≥ 800 µsec *
MHz 30 MHz (HF) UHF), direct
sampling (HF)
R. A. Wood Associates; Frankfort, NY, USA; +1 315-735-4217; www.rawood.com
RCT0017 WB Tuner/ 2-18 GHz 745 MHz (x4) 555-935 MHz (x4) * < 3 µsec, 375 MHz 10 dB typ.
Quad Converter

RCT0040 1-18 GHz 160 MHz (x4) 80 MHz (x4) * < 1 µsec, 1-MHz step 15 dB
Four-Channel Tuner size
Module

Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co.KG; Munich, Bavaria, Germany; +49-89-4129-0; www.rohde-schwarz.com
R&S ® EM200 8 kHz - 8 GHz Digital 40 MHz 3 ≤ 1 ms, 1 Hz *

34 Journal of Electromagnetic Dominance • September 2020

DYNAMIC NOISE BUS RECEIVER SIZE (HxWxL
POWER (W) FEATURES
RANGE FIGURE STRUCTURE CHANNELS inches/cm)

> 80 dB (1 MHz 14 dB, typ Ethernet, Serial 1 Rx, 2 Rx ~35W (dual 10 x 7 x 1.5 in. Single- or dual-channel in SFF
BW) channel chassis; multiple, selectable BWs;
version) tunable IF.

> 90 dB, 1 MHz 14 dB 10/100 Ethernet 2 20W 5.5 x 4.5 x 1.2 in. Multi-channel options available;
RS-422 Option ultra-miniature package, VPX
versions.

> 90 dB, 1 MHz 14 dB 1Gige control 2 36W 6.9 x 4.1 x 1.3 in. 500 MHz digitized BW per channel,
40Gb Data DDC options.

> 90 dB, 1 MHz 14 dB 10/100 Ethernet 2 16W 7 x 4.0 x 1.7 in. Low SWAP, independent/coherent.
RS-422 Option

90 dB 6 dB Serial 1 30W 3U VPX, 1 in. Available in dual down converter

pitch configurations. Multiple units can
be configured for independent or
coherent operation.
90 dB 10 dB Serial 1 18W .69 x 4.26 x 6.03 Hermetic case. Operating Temp -40
in. to +85 °C.
85 dB 14 dB Parallel 1 13W .7 x 5.5 x 5.7 in. Receivers can be matched in phase
and amplitude.

* 5-7 dB typ. RS-232 1 1.8W 0.75 x 4 x 6.5 in. 45 dB of gain control in 1 dB steps;
sleep mode, processor control with
clock dithering.

105 dB ≤ 12 dB * Up to 120 DDC ≤ 150 VA 1U x 19 in. 7 high- and 7 low-pass preselection

channels filters (sub-octave), multiclient ready,

105 dB ≤ 12 dB * 120 DDC ≤ 400 VA 3U x 19 in. 35 high- and 35 low-pass

channel (BB) preselection filters (sub-octave),
optional: 120 virtual narrowband monitoring
600 DDC receivers.
80 dB (V/UHF) ~6 dB (0.02-1 * 1 ≤ 200 VA 1U x 19 in. 10 high- and 10 low-pass
90 dB (HF) GHz); < 9 dB preselection filters (sub-octave),
(3-6 GHz) SNMP, 20 integrated DDC channels.

95 dB linear < 24 dB VME 4 62W 6U VME, 2 slots Ultra low phase noise @ 20MHz
offset, built-in test detectors,
internal and external PLL references.
91 dB linear 25.5 dB VME 4 < 70w 6U VME, 2 slots Built-in-test and phase-lock
detectors, voltage and temperature
monitoring, high input dynamic
range.

90 dB ≤ 10 dB, typ. 1 GB Eth; 1 RF channel 18-20W 247 × 55 × 401 Digitized IF output (up to 40 MHz)
8 dB 10 GB (SFP+) mm over 10 GB interface; high scan
speed of 47 GHz/s.

www.JEDonline.com • September 2020 35

EW & SIGINT TUNERS
NUMBER OF
OPERATING IF CENTER TUNING TIME AND
MODEL IF BANDWIDTH CONVERSION RF TO IF GAIN
FREQ OUTPUT FREQ. STEP SIZE
STAGES
Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co.KG; Munich, Bavaria, Germany; +49-89-4129-0; www.rohde-schwarz.com cont’d.
R&S ESME
®
8 kHz - 18 GHz Digital 80 MHz 3 ≤ 1 ms, 1 Hz *
(40 GHz opt.)

R&S ® WPU2000 8 kHz - 18 GHz Digital 2000 MHz 3 ≤ 1 ms, 1 Hz *

(40 GHz opt.)

Saab Sensor Systems Germany GmbH; Nuremberg, Germany; +49 911 47725 001; www.saab.com/de/region/deutschland/
MFT-200-9 9 kHz - Digital IF via 10G Up to 30 MHz * < 1 ms, 1 Hz -30 dB to +35 dB
30 MHz Ethernet

MFT-400-5 20 MHz - Digital IF via 10G Up to 80 MHz 2 < 1 ms, 1 Hz -30 dB to +35 dB
8 GHz Ethernet

cMFT-682-10 9 kHz - 6 GHz Digital IF via 10G Up to 80 MHz 2 < 1 ms, 1 Hz -30 dB to +35 dB
Ethernet

Silver Palm Technologies; Ijamsville, MD, USA; +1 301-874-0065; www.silverpalmtech.com

SP-8318 V/UHF Tuner 2-8000 MHz 187.5 MHz; Selectable 100- superhet < 500 µsec, 1-MHz 25 dB
alternate w/ MHz and 40-MHz converter steps
ThunderBolt 3 filters
Digital IF
SP-8344 Quad VPX 20-6000 MHz Digital I&Q Up to 40 MHz superhet 20 msec, 1-kHz 25 dB nom. to
Tuner converter steps; NCO tuning ADC
1 Hz

SP-8444 Microwave 0.1-18 GHz 1 GHz 500 MHz superhet < 100 µsec 20 dB nom.
Tuner converter

Spectranetix, Inc.; Santa Clara, CA, USA; +1 408-982-9057; www.spectranetix.com

MX-101 70 MHz - 0 Hz I/Q output Up to 56 MHz * < 5 mSec @ 1-Hz 65-73 dB
6 GHz DDC step size

SX-200 20 MHz - 128 MHz 40 MHz * 0 settling time, 32 dB

6 GHz due to dual tuning
oscillators @ 1-Hz
DDC step size
Systems & Processes Engineering Corporation (SPEC); Austin, TX, USA; www.spec.com
ADEP™ T9000 Series 100 MHz - Digital 1 GHz 2 250 nS, 1 Hz steps 10-40 dB
20 GHz

TELEMUS Inc; Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; +1-613-592-2288; www.TelemusInc.com

FASTR EAGLE 1U Tuner 375 MHz - 4 GHz, 1 GHz, 160 Analog Filters, 2 Stages, < 50 µsec, < 10 Hz Through Path
18 GHz MHz 1000, 500, 250, 100 3 stages to 4 dB, LNA Path
and 100, 50, 25, 10 160 MHz 38 dB
MHz

36 Journal of Electromagnetic Dominance • September 2020

DYNAMIC NOISE BUS RECEIVER SIZE (HxWxL
POWER (W) FEATURES
RANGE FIGURE STRUCTURE CHANNELS inches/cm)

120 dB ≤ 10 dB, typ. 1 GB Eth; 1 RF channel, 200-290W 426 x 176 x 450 Up to 128 integrated DDCs, digitized
7 dB 10 GB (SFP+); 40 up to 128 DDC mm (4HU, 19 in.) IF output (up to 80 MHz) over 10 GB /
GB (QSFP+) channels 40 GB interface, high scan speed of
110 GHz/s.
110 dB ≤ 12 dB 1 GB Eth, 1 RF channel, 250-400W 426 x 176 x 450 Superhet tuner, IF digitizer, digital
40 GB (QSFP+) up to 8 DDC mm (4HU, 19 in.) channelizer and pulse analyzer in
channels one device; upcoming bus structure:
100GB (QSFP28).

SFDR > 90 dB < 10 dB typ. S3G proprietary, 9 HF channels 300W 4U x 19 in. x 490 Digital direct sampling receiver for
TCP/IP and UDP w/ up to 30 mm SDR incl. digital IF output (full IF
based (Ethernet) MHz BW each bandwidth for all channels).
SFDR > 75 dB < 13 dB typ. S3G proprietary, 5 VUSHF 490W 7U x 19 in. x 490 All channels controlable
TCP/IP and UDP channels w/ mm independently (multifunctional), pre-
based (Ethernet) up to 80 MHz selector per channel included.
BW each
SFDR > 75 dB < 8 dB typ. S3G proprietary, 2 HF channels 390W 4U x 19 in. x 290 Usable phase-coherent for full
TCP/IP and UDP w/ up to 30 mm parallel DF.
based (Ethernet) MHz BW each
and 8 VUSHF
channels with
up to 80 MHz
BW each

80 dB 12-15 dB RS-232 control, 1 < 7W 3 x 4.5 x .6 in. Phase coherent N channel

alternate w/ synchronization, HF bypass for direct
ThunderBolt 3 digitization of RF input.

80 dB 12-15 dB Packetized VITA- 4 < 45W 3U VPX - VITA Four highly integrated true
49 standard over 48.2 (6.3 x 4 x Heterodyne tuners with a four
Aurora lanes, 1 in.) channel IF digitizer. Kintex XC7K410T
10GBASE-KR FPGA.
or PCIe on VPX
backplane (SOSA
& MORA aligned)
75 dB 15 dB VPX 1Gig-E 4 < 35W 3U VPX High performance 4-channel
(SOSA & MORA microwave tuner with phase
aligned) coherent or independent operation.

70 dB < 8 dB USB 3.0 2 2.8W 2.2 x 1.4 x 0.9 in. Miniaturized SDR, with transceiver
functions, deployable in manpacks,
UAV’s, embedded systems.
92 dB < 7 dB PXIe, VPX 1 10W Dual 3U Slot Conduction cooled, ruggedized
construction for PXIe / VPX racks.

50 dB @ 1GHz BW 7.5 dB VPX Configurable Depends 3U VPX, 3 slots Dynamic, intelligent, digital/RF
on installed per channel configurability, rugged, low power,
configuration multi-mission control with adjustable
IBW.

> 60 dB LNA Path 5 Ethernet; MLVDS, 1 55W 1.74 x 19.0 x Option 100 MHz-40 GHz; very low
Instantaneous, > dB, through FAST BUS on 24.0 in. 1U 19 group delay variation, low phase
90 dB Switched path 13 dB VME backplane in. rack mount noise, built-in IF DLVA with coax
outpu.

www.JEDonline.com • September 2020 37

EW & SIGINT TUNERS
NUMBER OF
OPERATING IF CENTER TUNING TIME AND
MODEL IF BANDWIDTH CONVERSION RF TO IF GAIN
FREQ OUTPUT FREQ. STEP SIZE
STAGES
TELEMUS Inc; Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; +1-613-592-2288; www.TelemusInc.com cont’d.
FASTR EAGLE Quad 375 MHz - 4 GHz, 1 GHz Analog Filters, 2 < 50 µsec, < 10 Hz Through Path
Channel Tuner 18 GHz 1000, 500, 250, 10 dB
100 MHz

thinkRF; Ottawa, ON, Canada; +1 613-369-5104 ext 2802; www.thinkrf.com

D4000 RF 24-40 GHz 1.536 GHz 500 MHz 2 * 20 dB
Downconverter/Tuner

R5550-427 9 kHz to 55 MHz or 1.2 Up to 160 MHz 3 < 3.5 ms; Up to 30 dB

27 GHz GHz 100 MHz

WiNRADiO Communications; Collingwood, Australia; +61 39417 3417; www.winradio.com

WR-G528e “CHEETAH” 0.01- 70 MHz 22 MHz 2 5 ms typ. 30 dB typ.
3000 MHz 1 MHz
WR-G536e 30-7200 MHz 70 MHz 16 MGz typ. 2 5 ms typ. 30 dB typ.
“HUMMINGBIRD” 12 MHz min. 10 MHz

M&A Advisory Services for

Companies Supporting the EMS

- Electronic Warfare - - Multi-INT - - C4ISR -

29 years
100+ transactions
Exceptional results www.pbandw.com

381013954_Philpott.indd 1
Journal of Electromagnetic Dominance • September 2020 2020-07-23 9:53 AM
DYNAMIC NOISE BUS RECEIVER SIZE (HxWxL
POWER (W) FEATURES
RANGE FIGURE STRUCTURE CHANNELS inches/cm)

> 60 dB 13 dB max. Ethernet; MLVDS, 4, with two 86W Five 6U single Option 100 MHz-40 GHz; airborne
Instantaneous FAST BUS on selectable slot VME qualified, fits 5 slot 1/2 ATR VME,
VME backplane RF inputs per modules, 9.17 operates ambient -40 to +75° C.
channel x 6.3 x 0.8 in.
IEEE std. 1101.2

115 dBc < 12 dB * 1 20W 7.6 x 7.6 x 1.6 RF filter technology eliminates out-
typical in.; 193 x 193 x of-band signals and enables spurious
41 mm mitigation; support for MATLAB and
LabVIEW.
112 dBc 14 dB * 1 20W 10.1 x 7.6 x 2.4 Up to 160 MHz bandwidth; built-
in.; 257 x 194 x in preselect filtering; digital
66 mm downconversion; digital or analog
baseband output.

* 15 dB USB 1 6W typ. 3.6 x 2.7 x 1.9 in. Miniature wideband phase-coherent

tuner front-end.
SFDR: 90 dB Typ. better USB 1 8.4W, 12VDC 92 (W) x 64 (L) x Low phase noise -110dBc/Hz @ 10
than 12 dB, 700mA 19 (H) mm kHz min @ 500 MHz. -100dBc/Hz @ 10
20 dB max. at kHz max @ 6000 MHz.
7200 MHz

1014745_Midwest.indd 1 2020-07-16
www.JEDonline.com • September 11:0539
2020 AM
SURVEY KEY – EW AND SIGINT TUNERS

MODEL RF TO IF GAIN
Product name or model number Indicated in dB or dBm

OPERATING FREQUENCY GAIN CONTROL

Indicated in MHz or GHz AGC = Automatic Gain Control
MGC = Manual Gain Control
IF CENTER OUTPUT FREQUENCY
Indicated in MHz or GHz DYNAMIC RANGE
Total dynamic range indicated in dB or dBm
IF BANDWIDTH
Indicated in kHz or MHz NOISE FIGURE
BW = bandwidth Indicated in dB or dBm

CONVERSION STAGES BUS STRUCTURE

Superhet = superheterodyne Indicates the type of bus structure (USB, VME, VPX,
Ethernet, etc.) the tuner uses
TUNING TIME AND STEP SIZE
Tuning time indicated in milliseconds, microseconds RECEIVER CHANNELS
and nanoseconds; and step size indicated in kHz or Number of receiver channels or RF paths per module
MHz.
POWER
Power dissipated in Watts

SIZE
H x W x L in inches/cm

WEIGHT
Weight in lb/kg

FEATURES
Additional features
• BIT = Built-In Test
• COMINT = Communications Intelligence
• ELINT = Electronic Intelligence
• FPGA = Field Programmable Gate Array

OTHER ABBREVIATIONS USED

• opt = option/optional
• dep = dependent
• config = configuration
• wband = wideband
• nband = narrowband
• < = greater than
• > = less than
• min = minimum
• max = maximum
• deg = degree
• freq = frequency

* Indicates answer is classified, not releasable or no

HENSOLDT PHOTO answer was given.

40 Journal of Electromagnetic Dominance • September 2020

AOC Virtual Series Webinars
AOC Virtual Series has been a tremendous asset providing the AOC’s audience with
learning, advocacy, and the exchange of information. Register today to hear from
subject-matter experts on all things EW!

Convergence of TDOA/AOA in Operational Environments Specific Emitter Identification (SEI)

Presenter: Luc Dondainas Presenter: Dr. Warren du Plessis

September 24, 2020 October 8, 2020

Introduction to Radar Pulse Deinterleaving High Power Radio Frequency/Microwave DE Weapons

Presenter: Antonio Dias de Macedo Filho Presenter: John T. Tatum

October 22, 2020 November 5, 2020

An Overview of IADS (Integrated Air Defense Systems) When Crows Break Codes
Presenter: Dr. Clayton Stewart Presenter: Mr. John Kolm

January 14, 2021 January 28, 2021

From Sarissa To Cyber Warfare HF meets Big Data – Intercept in an era of HF Renaissance
Presenter: Dr. Peter Pry Presenter: Dr. Ronald Meixner

February 11, 2021 February 25, 2021

For more upcoming AOC Virtual Series Webinars, visit crows.org

EW 101
Space EW – Part 22

Down-Link Intercept
By Dave Adamy

For the ground antenna,

This month, we will continue with part two of our dis- G = -42.2 + 20 log(2) + 20log(2000)
cussion of the vulnerability of space links to intercepts G = -42.2 + 6 + 66 = 29.8 dB
by hostile ground-based receivers. We will significantly
complicate this intercept problem by adding directional The 3-dB beamwidth of each antenna can be found from the
antennas, several more loss elements, signal modula- formula:
tion and receiver sensitivity. The math in this discussion α = Antilog [(86.8 – 20 log D – 20 log F) /20]
gets a little involved, so this column will continue in next Where:
month’s JED. α is the 3 dB beam-width in degrees,
D is the diameter of the antenna in meters, and
F is the operating frequency in MHz.

We will use the same satellite example we used last For the satellite antenna,
month: the vulnerable satellite is in a circular orbit 300 km above α = Antilog [(86.8 – 20 log(3) – 20 log(2000)) / 20]
the Earth. Its sub-vehicle point is at 100° east longitude, and its α = Antilog [(86.8 – 9.5 – 66) / 20] = 3.7°
latitude is 40° north. The satellite’s ground control station is on For the ground control station antenna,
the Earth at 103° east longitude, 44° north latitude. There is a α = Antilog [(86.8 – 6 – 66) / 20] = 5.4°
hostile intercept site on the earth at 102° east longitude and 45°
north latitude. The satellite down link has a 100-Watt transmit- ANGLES RELATIVE TO THE
ter at 2 GHz. Note that this is just a calculation number; it is not GROUND CONTROL STATION
representative of any specific satellite or intercept site. From here, we will determine the look angles from the sat-
There are several diagrams in this discussion dealing with ellite to its ground control station. Figure 1 shows a spherical
relative positions of the satellite and ground locations. Please be triangle formed by the North Pole, the sub-vehicle point and
aware that the angles shown in these diagrams are not drawn the satellite’s ground control station. The dimensions of the tri-
to scale; they are spread out to allow labeling.We will give both angle are:
the satellite down link and the hostile ground intercept station • Angle A (the difference in longitude between the satellite and
directional antennas. The transmitting antenna on the satel- the ground station) = 3°
lite is a 3-meter parabolic dish. The in-
tercepting ground station has a 2-meter
parabolic dish. First, we want to know North Longitude
the gain and 3-dB beamwidth of each of Pole
Ground Station
these antennas. Azimuth of
The antenna boresight gain of each Antenna
antenna can be determined from the Direction Latitude of Ground Station
formula:
Sub-Vehicle
G = -42.2 + 20 log D + 20 log F Point
A
Latitude
Where: G is the boresight gain in dBi,
of Sub-Vehicle b
D is the diameter of the antenna Point c
in meters, and
F is the operating frequency in Center a C
MHz. of Earth B
For the satellite antenna,
The1:spherical
Fig 1:Fig triangle triangle
The spherical formed by the North
formed by pole, the sub-vehicle
the North pole, point and the ground
G = -42.2 + 20 log(3) + 20 log(2000) station allows calculation of the satellite antennastation
azimuth to the ground station, and the
the sub-vehicle point and the ground
G = -42.2 + 9.5 + 66 = 33.3 dB geocentric
allowsangle between of
calculation thethesatellite and antenna
satellite the groundazimuth
control station.
to
the ground station, and the geocentric angle between the satellite
42 and the ground
Journal of Electromagnetic Dominance • September 2020 control station.
Proven mmWave RF Solutions
that Connect and Protect ™

Unmanned Vehicles

Space and Satcom

Electronic Warfare

Phased Array Radar

For Mission Critical Aerospace

and Defense Applications
Since its inception, Qorvo® has focused on helping our customers
overcome their toughest design challenges in aerospace and defense
applications. Our MMIC design experience, portfolio of GaN/GaAs solutions
combined with our extensive knowledge of the entire RF/microwave signal
chain enable us to make your next system design a reality.

Is Now
To find out how Qorvo solutions are
All Around You®, visit www.qorvo.com

© 04-2020 Qorvo US, Inc. | QORVO, ALL AROUND YOU and CONNECT AND PROTECT are registered trademarks of Qorvo US, Inc.
 EW 101

• Angle B is the azimuth from the satel-

lite to the ground station
Antenna Range to Ground Station
• Side c = 90° – the latitude of the sub- Elevation
Satellite D
vehicle point = 50° Angle
• Side b = 90° – the latitude of the
ground station = 46° f
H
The spherical law of cosines for sides Ground Station
E
can be written as:
Cos a = cos b x cos c + sin b x sin c x
e
cos A
RE
= cos(46°) x cos(50°) + sin(46°) x d
sin(50°) x cos(3°)
Geocentric RE
= (.695)(.643) + (.719)(.766)(.999) Angle of
= .997 Satellite
Side a = arc cos(.997) = 4.44° to Ground
Station F
This is the geocentric angle between Center
of Earth
the sub-vehicle point and the ground
station. Fig 2: The elevation of the antenna (above nadir) and the range from the
Note that the sine of this angle is .077. Fig 2: The elevation of the antenna (above nadir) and the range from the satellite to the
satellite to the ground station can be calculated from this plane triangle.
ground station can be calculated from this plane triangle.
The spherical law of cosines for sides
can be reorganized to read:

Cos B = (cos b – cos a x cos c) / (sin a x sin c) • Side e (the radius of the Earth + the height of the satellite) =
= [(.695 – (.997)(.643)] / (.077)(.766) = .915 6671 km
Angle B = arc cos(.915) = 23.79° • Side d (the radius of the Earth) = 6371 km
This is the azimuth to which the satellite antenna must be The law of cosines for sides for plane triangles is:
oriented to aim at the ground station. Side f2 = e2 + d2 – e d cos F
Now we will determine the elevation of the ground control = 66712 + 63712 – (6671)(6371) (cos 4.44°)
station from the satellite using Figure 2. This is a plane triangle = 44,502,241 + 40,589,641 - 42,373,394
with angles at the satellite, the ground control station and the = 42,518,488 km2
center of the Earth.
Side f (the square root of this number) = 6521 km. This is the
• Angle F (the same as angle a in Figure 1) = 4.44° link distance from the satellite to its ground control station.

Now we can use the law of sines for

plane triangles to find angle D, the eleva-
tion of the ground station from the satel-
lite. Remember that the elevation is the
angle up from the center of the Earth.

Sin D = (d x sin F) / f
= [6371 km x sin(4.44°) ] / 6521 km
= .0756
Angle D = arc sin(.0756) = 4.34°

This is the elevation of the ground

station as seen from the satellite.

WHAT’S NEXT
Next month, we will finish the in-
tercept discussion for a down link
without any electronic protection mea-
sures. The following month, we will
add important electronic protection
43 Lathrop Road Extension 860-564-0208 measures. For your comments and sug-
Plainfield, CT 06374 gestions, Dave Adamy can be reached at
dave@lynxpub.com. a

44 Journal of1
866428_ARSProducts.indd Electromagnetic Dominance • September 2020 2017-04-18 9:18 AM
 MMW AESA CAPABILITY
new Cobham Advanced Electronic Solutions (CAES) has

products announced the development of a new millimeter-wave

(mmW) active electronically scanned array (AESA) anten-
na system. Intended for electronic warfare (EW), radar,
missile and unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) sensing,
and comms applications, the AESA features a 256-ele-
ment array (3.8 x 2.8 x 1-in.) comprising 64-element sub-
arrays (1.9 x 1.3 in.) with 1W ERP per element. It operates
within Ka-Band and W-Band frequencies at full- and
half-power, offering solutions in frequency ranges atypi-
cal for AESA architectures. Cobham Advanced Electronic
Solutions (CAES); Arlington, VA, USA; +1 (703) 414-5300;
www.cobhamaes.com.
ANTI-JAMMING GNSS
RECEIVER SYSTEM
Meteksan Defense has released its Anti-Jamming
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver sys- MULTI-CHANNEL SIGNAL GENERATOR
tem for defense platforms, such as unmanned aerial Berkeley Nucleonics has introduced the compact
vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). Model 855B Series Multi-Channel RF/Microwave Signal
The GNSS receiver system includes a four-array CRPA Generator, operating over two, four and eight channels
antenna and a receiver subsystem that operates on GPS depending on the specific model. With output power
L1, GPS L2 and GLONASS L1 frequency bands. It is capa- ranging from -80 dBm to 25 dBm and operating between
ble of resisting multiple jammer signals simultaneously 300 kHz and 40 GHz, the Model 855B Series is intended
and includes a built-in receiver, though it remains light- for radar simulation, quantum computing, EW sys-
weight and compact for use on SWaP-limited unmanned tems and beamforming applications. Berkeley Nucleon-
systems. Meteksan Defense Industry Inc.; Cankaya Bilkent- ics Corporation; San Rafael, CA, USA; +1 (800) 234-7858;
Ankara, Turkey; +90 312 266 15 20; www.meteksan.com. www.berkeleynucleonics.com. a

www.hensoldt.co.za

1006817_HENSOLDT.indd 1 2020-04-20
www.JEDonline.com • September 20209:4945
AM
AOC News

HAWAII AOC SAYS GOODBYE FORT WORTH AOC

TO CHAPTER PRESIDENT CHAPTER AWARDS
During a recent chap-
ter meeting at the Sunset
October 20-23, 2020.
During his tenure, the
2020 STEM
Lanai Camp Smith, the chapter’s scholarship SCHOLARSHIPS
Diamond Head Chapter
said goodbye to outgo-
program continued to
grow, and the presen-
TO GRADUATING
ing Chapter President Lt. tation of scholarships SENIORS
Col. Jason Taylor. Taylor is now a fixture of the The Fort Worth Chapter recently
was recognized by both Chapter VP Dr. Arthur Tulak annual symposium. In completed its 2020 STEM Scholar-
the Chapter and U.S. In- presents outgoing President his professional duties, ship campaign. The scholarship
Lt. Col. Jason Taylor with
do-Pacific Command J39 the AOC Achievement Lt. Col. Taylor led the provides tuition funds for area gradu-
for his leadership as the Award, recognizing his first JEMSO Cell of any ating high school seniors who will be
Hawaii AOC Diamond accomplishments as US Geographic Com- pursuing college degrees in STEM
chapter president.
Head Chapter President batant Command, ad- fields in the fall. This year, the Fort
and the Command Electronic War- vancing the application of EW during Worth and Abilene Chapters merged,
fare Officer for USINDO-PACOM. great power competition. Through- expanding our region and enabling us
Taylor served as chapter president out 2020, the Chapter has maintained to include Abilene school districts in
from July 20, 2018 to July 3, 2020, a steady level of activity, even during the campaign. We had over 40 appli-
and he was earned the AOC Achieve- the challenging times of the Corona cants, with 29 meeting all the require-
ment Award. Under his leadership, Virus pandemic originating in Com- ments. The applicants were scored
the Chapter successfully conducted munist China. and ranked on academics, extra-cur-
the 2018 and 2019 Pacific Information During the meeting, the chapter ricular activities, community involve-
Operations and Electronic Warfare also recognized members who have ment, leadership roles and an essay.
Symposia. Each of these symposia advanced the mission of professional The chapter was able to award a
broke past performance records in education and development in the IO $1000 scholarship to each of the fol-
terms of ally and partner military and EW fields. SGT Tony Serna was lowing five students for the fall 2020
participation, and the number of US recognized for his paper, “Weaponiz- semester at their school of choice.
military commands participating. ing History: The CCP’s War of Words
• Jordan Chapin, Aledo High
In addition, Lt. Col. Taylor ably led against Memory,” presented at the 8th
School – University of Nebraska,
the chapter to play a major support- Annual IO & EW Symposium and pub-
Mechanical Engineering
ing role to the IO and EW communi- lished on the symposium webpage at
• London Kasper, Aledo High
ties in INDOPACOM. Since November www.fbcinc.com/e/aocpacific/agend-
School – SMU, Computer Science
2019, Taylor led the planning for the arow2019.aspx. – COL, Ret. Arthur N.
• Isabel Lopez, North Side High
9th annual symposium, to be held Tulak, Ed.D.
School – TCU, Mechanical
Engineering
• Colin Means, Grapevine High
School – Yale University, Bio-
AOC PATRIOTS’ ROOST CHAPTER AWARDS Medical Engineering
• Kaleb Reyna, Abilene TEMS High
SCHOLARSHIP TO COMMUNITY COLLEGE School – Abilene Christian Uni-
OF THE AIR FORCE (CCAF) GRADUATE versity, Mechanical Engineering

Even during restrictions imposed university level. TSgt Benjamin distin- The scholarship is funded by
during COVID-19, the Association of guished herself while working at the the proceeds raised during the an-
Old Crows continues to support its com- Hanscom Air Force Base Clinic during nual Association of Old Crows Fort
munity. The Patriots’ Roost Chapter, the peak of COVID-19. Chapter Presi- Worth Chapter Golf Scholarship
located in Burlington, MA, presented dent Nino Amoroso and TSgt Benjamin Tournament. A virtual video award
a scholarship to one of the graduates followed appropriate safety procedures ceremony was held on July 24, 2020
of the Community College of the Air during the presentation. The CCAF with chapter officers, students and
Force (CCAF). TSgt Yaseni Benjamin Scholarship Program is one of the many their families. Please join us in rec-
was awarded a scholarship to help de- scholarship and community programs ognizing and congratulating these
fray costs to continue her studies at the of which the chapter is proud to support. outstanding students. a

46 Journal of Electromagnetic Dominance • September 2020

SELECT SPEAKERS

Lt Gen Stephen Fogarty, USA, Maj Gen Peter Gallagher, USA, Brig Gen Martin Klein, USA, Brig Gen Michael Sloane, USA, Complimentary
Commanding General, Director of the Network Director of Department of the Program Executive Office,
U.S. Army Cyber Command Cross-Functional Team Army’s Management Intelligence Electronic Warfare Registration for
Office-Strategic Operations & Sensors
Government, Military
and AOC Members!

Brig Gen Darrin Leleux, USAF, COL Kevin Finch, USA, COL John Transue, USA, COL Larry Jordan Jr., USA,
Deputy Director, Electromagnetic Program Manager Electronic Director of the Army Capability USARPAC Chief of CEMA
Spectrum Operations (EMSO) Warfare and Cyber (PM EW&C) Manager – Cyber (ACM Cyber)
Cross Functional Team (CFT)

AGENDA
Session 1 | Emerging Technologies & Trends REGISTER NOW!
Session 2 | Innovation and Critical Capabilities Interested in Sponsorship or our Industry
Solution Pavilion? Please contact
Session 3 | EMS Enterprise Sean Fitzgerald at fitzgerald@crows.org or
Session 4 | Operational Perspective 703-549-1600 ext 222.
Session 5 | Acquisition and Programs

FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT CROWS.ORG/CEMALITE2020

AOC Members
SUSTAINING Applied Systems Engineering, Inc. Herrick Technology Laboratories, Inc. QuantiTech
BAE Systems Arctan, Inc. Hughes RADA Technologies LLC
The Boeing Company Armtec Defense Technologies IDSI RADX Technologies, Inc.
CACI International Inc Aselsan A.S. Innovatizonszentrum Fur RAFAEL Advanced Defense Systems Ltd
Chemring Group PLC Atkinson Aeronautics & Telekommunikations Research Associates of Syracuse, Inc.
Technology, Inc. -technik GmbH (IZT)
Collins Aerospace Rincon Research Corporation
Atlanta Micro, Inc. Intelligent RF Solutions
Electronic Warfare Associates, Inc. Rohde & Schwarz
Azure Summit Interconnect Systems (a Molex company) GmbH & Co. KG
General Atomics Aeronautical
Systems, Inc. Technologies, Inc. Interface Concept Rohde & Schwarz Norge AS
General Dynamics Base2 Engineering LLC ISPIN AG Roschi Rohde & Schwarz AG
Keysight Technologies Battlespace Simulations, Inc. ITA International, LLC Rotating Precision Mechanisms
L-3 Harris Beca Applied Technologies Ltd IW Microwave Products Division S2 Corporation
Leonardo Bird Technologies IWTG Norfolk SciEngines GmbH
Lockheed Martin Rotary and Black Horse Solutions, Inc. JT4, LLC Scientific Research Corp.
Mission Systems (RMS) Blue Ridge Envisioneering, Inc. Kihomac, Inc. SEA CORP
Mercury Systems Booz Allen Hamilton, Inc. Kranze Technology Select Fabricators, Inc
Raytheon Company Boyd Corporation Solutions, Inc. (KTS)
Serpikom
Rohde & Schwarz USA Cablex PTY LTD Kratos General Microwave Corporation
Sierra Nevada Corporation
Saab CEA Technologies, Incorporated L3Harris TRL Technology
Signal Hound
Centerline Technologies LLC LCR Embedded Systems
Silver Palm Technologies
MILITARY UNITS Clearbox Systems Leonardo Electronics US
SimVentions
30 Cdo IX Gp RM Liteye Systems, Inc.
Cobham Advanced Electronic Solutions SMAG Mobile Antenna Masts GmbH
547 IS MarServices GmbH
Colorado Engineering Inc. Smiths Interconnect
57 IS/DOD Mass Consultants Ltd
Communication Power Corporation Spectranetix, Inc.
Air Command Denmark MBDA France
Communications & Power Industries LLC Spirent Communications
Detachment-A 743d MC Countermeasures, Inc.
Comsec LLC SR Technologies
Helicopter Wing 53 MDSI
Comtech PST Corporation SRC, Inc.
Japan Air Self-Defense Force Meggitt Baltimore
Crescend Technologies, LLC STEATITE
NIWTG SD Meggitt Defense Systems
CRFS Limited Swedish Defence Materiel Administration
Zentrum Elektronischer Kampf Fliegende Mercer Engineering Research Center
CSIR DPSS T&E Directorate
Waffensysteme
Cubic Defense Metamagnetics (FMV T&E)
D-TA Systems, Inc. Microwave Products Group Systems & Processes
INSTITUTES/ Engineering Corp. (SPEC)
Daqscribe Military College of
UNIVERSITIES Telecommunication Engineering Tabor Electronics
Electronic Warfare Studying Group, Darkblade Systems
Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Milpower Source, Inc. TCI International, Inc.
Dayton-Granger, Inc.
Engineering & Science Milso AB Tech Resources, Inc.
dB Control
Georgia Tech Research Mission Microwave Technologies Technology Service Corporation
DCS Corp
Institute (GTRI) The MITRE Corporation Tektronix, Inc.
Decodio AG
Mercer Engineering Modern Technology Teledyne Technologies, Inc.
Defense Research Associates Inc.
Research Center (MERC) Solutions, Inc. Telemus Inc.
DEFTEC Corporation
Riverside Research Institute Motorola Solutions Teleplan Globe Defence
DEWC Group
MRC Gigacomp TERMA
GOVERNMENT GROUPS DHPC Technologies, Inc.
My-Konsult Tevet LLC
Defence Science & Dreamlab Technologies AG
MyDefence System Integration Textron Systems
Technology Agency (DSTA) DRT, Inc.
N-Ask Incorporated Textron Systems Electronic
NGA - National Geospatial- ELBIT Systems of America
Intelligence Agency Nagravision S.A. Systems UK Ltd.
Elbit Systems of EW & SIGINT Elisra
NLR - Royal Netherlands Narda Safety Test ThinkRF
ELDES S.r.l. Solutions GmbH
Aerospace Centre Times Microwave Systems
Elettronica S.p.A NEL Frequency Controls, Inc. Tinex AS
GROUPS ELTA Systems Ltd. Northeast Information Discovery Inc TMC Design
35 Technologies Group, Inc. Empower RF Systems Northrop Grumman Corporation TMD Technologies Ltd.
3dB Labs Inc. Engineering Design Team Novator Solutions Transformational Security LLC
3SDL Ltd Epiq Solutions OCS America, Inc. Transhield Inc.
A.G. Franz LLC ESROE Limited Qnion Co., Ltd. TUALCOM, Inc.
ACE Consulting Group Evans Capacitor Company Overlook Systems Technologies, Inc. Ultra Electronics - EWST
Advanced Test Equipment Rentals EWS (EW Solutions Ltd) Parsons Ultra Electronics
Aeronix, Inc. Galleon Embedded Computing Norway Pentek Avalon Systems
Aethercomm, Inc. Georgia Tech Research Institute Penten Valkyrie Enterprises LLC
ALARIS Antennas GFB GmbH Perspecta Verus Research
Alion Science and Technology Gigatronics Incorporated Phasor Innovation VIAVI Solutions
Allen-Vanguard Hammer Defense Technologies LLC Photonis Defense Inc. Vigilant Drone Defense Inc.
American Standard Circuits, Inc. HASCALL-DENKE Physical Optics Corporation W.L. Gore and Associates
Analog Devices HASCO Planar Monolithics Industries Warrior Support Solutions LLC
Annapolis Micro Systems, Inc. HawkEye360 Plath GmbH X-COM Systems
Anritsu Company Headmark Consulting Professional Development ZARGES, Inc
API Technologies Hegarty Research LLC TSCM Group Inc.
ApisSys SAS Hensoldt PROCITEC GmbH
Applied Signals Intelligence Hermetic Solutions QinetiQ Target Systems

48 Journal of Electromagnetic Dominance • September 2020

 Index of Advertisers
Thank You to Our Advertisers!
JED, Journal of Electromagnetic The JED team would like to extend a special “thank you” to our advertisers, who continue to
Dominance (ISSN 0192-429X), is support the EM community through their commitment to helping JED reach its readers. As
published monthly by Naylor, LLC, we face unprecedented hardship across the globe, it is as imperative as ever to remain engaged
for the Association of Old Crows, and involved in our communities. Thank you!
1555 King St., Suite 500,
Alexandria, VA 22314. Analog Devices Inc. .................................. www.analog.com ........................................... Inside Front Cover
Periodicals postage paid at Applied Systems Engineering Inc.......... www.applsys.com ......................................................................... 5
Alexandria, VA, and additional
ARS Products.............................................. www.arsproducts.com...............................................................44
mailing offices. Subscriptions:
JED, Journal of Electromagnetic BAE Systems............................................... www.baesystems.com ...............................Outside Back Cover
Dominance, is sent to AOC members Ciao Wireless, Inc. .................................... www.ciaowireless.com..............................................................13
and subscribers only. Subscription
Cobham Advanced Electronic
rates for paid subscribers are $160 Solutions Inc. .......................................... www.cobhamaes.com ................................................................ 17
per year in the US, $240 per year
elsewhere; single copies and back D-TA Systems Inc....................................... www.d-ta.com.............................................................................. 10
issues (if available) $12 each in the Hensoldt South Africa .............................. www.hensoldt.co.za ...................................................................45
US; $25 elsewhere. Interface Concept ...................................... www.interfaceconcept.com .....................................................49
POSTMASTER: iRF - Intelligent RF Solutions .................. www.irf-solutions.com................................................................. 8
Send address changes to
Midwest Microwave Solutions Inc....... www.mms-rf.com ........................................................................39
JED, Journal of Electromagnetic
Dominance Norden Millimeter, Inc. ............................ www.NordenGroup.com ............................................................25
c/o Association of Old Crows Philpott Ball & Werner ............................. www.pbandw.com.......................................................................38
1555 King St., Suite 500
Qorvo ........................................................... www.qorvo.com...........................................................................43
Alexandria, VA 22314-1652
Rohde & Schwarz ...................................... www.rohde-schwarz.com ...................................................22-23
Subscription Information:
Glorianne O’Neilin Signal Hound............................................... www.SignalHound.com................................................................ 7
(703) 549-1600 Tektronix...................................................... www.tek.com/mil-gov ................................................................ 19
oneilin@crows.org Ultra Electronics Limited – EWST ......... www.ewst.co.uk ............................................................................ 3
Viavi Solutions, Inc. .................................. www.viavisolutions.com ...............................Inside Back Cover
JED Sales
Offices
5950 NW 1st Place
RUGGED
COTS SOLUTIONS
www.interfaceconcept.com
Gainesville, FL 32607
Toll Free (US): (800) 369-6220
Fax: +1 (352) 331-3525

Project Manager:
Tabitha Jenkins
Direct: +1 (352) 333-3468
tjenkins@naylor.com

Project Coordinator:
Amanda Glass Manufacturer of Ethernet switches, Intel® or NXP ARM®
Direct: +1 (352) 333-3469
aglass@naylor.com
processor-based Single Board Computers and FPGA boards
Advertising Sales Representatives: • Ethernet Switches developed in alignment
Shaun Greyling with the SOSA™ Technical Standard
Direct: +1 (352) 333-3385 • 3U and 6U VPX form factors
sgreylin@naylor.com
• Optical VITA 66.5 standard
Erik Henson • Switch management software stack
Direct: +1 (352) 333-3443 • Expert technical support and custom-design
ehenson@naylor.com • From standard to conduction-cooled grades
Chris Zabel
Direct: +1 (352) 333-3420 For more info, contact:
czabel@naylor.com Since 1987, Interface Concept has been a leading developer and
manufacturer of leading-edge HPEC embedded boards and systems
NAYLOR (Canada) Inc. for military, aerospace and industrial applications.
200 – 1200 Portage Ave.
Winnipeg, MB R3G OT5 Canada Elma Electronic Inc. is the North American sales www.elma.com
Toll Free (US): (800) 665-2456 and support provider for Interface Concept. sales@elma.com • 510-656-3400
Fax: +1 (204) 947-2047

1010304_Interface.indd 1 2020 49
www.JEDonline.com • September2020-07-17 12:09 PM

JED_IC_switches-ad_1016x1016-exe.indd 1 17/07/2020 09:29

JED QuickLook
Details Page # Details Page #

53d EW Group, Col William “Dollar” Young, USAF, former iRF Solutions, Inc., EW & SIGINT Tuners ...................................32
Commander .................................................................................25
Lemay Center for Doctrine Development and Education,
Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate Col Lisle “Sack” Babcock, USAF, Vice Commander ............21
(AFRL/RYW), solicitation for Multi-Spectrum Defensive
Electronic Warfare (MSDEW) program first call,
Leonardo DRS, EW & SIGINT Tuners .........................................32
Threat Assessment & Aircraft Protection Defensive
Electronic Warfare (TAAP-DEW)............................................18
Mercury Systems, EW & SIGINT Tuners .....................................32
Annapolis Micro Systems, EW & SIGINT Tuners ..................... 30
Meteksan Defense, Anti-Jamming Global Navigation
Atlanta Micro, Inc., EW & SIGINT Tuners ................................. 30 Satellite System (GNSS) receiver system ................................45

BAE Systems, contract for Limited Interim Missile Warning Midwest Microwave Solutions Inc., EW & SIGINT Tuners......34
System (LIMWS) for US Army helicopters .............................18
Norden Millimeter Inc., EW & SIGINT Tuners ..........................34
Berkeley Nucleonics, Model 855B Series
Multi-Channel RF/Microwave Signal Generator .................45 NuWaves Engineering, EW & SIGINT Tuners ............................34

Boeing, EA-18G Growler EW aircraft ........................................... 15 PLATH GmbH, EW & SIGINT Tuners .........................................34

Cobham Advanced Electronic Solutions (CAES), R.A. Wood Associates, EW & SIGINT Tuners.............................34
millimeter-wave (mmW) active electronically
scanned array (AESA) antenna system ...................................45
Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co.KG, EW & SIGINT Tuners ......34

Collins Aerospace, EW & SIGINT Tuners................................... 30

Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), Air 5349 project
Phase 6 Advanced Growler........................................................ 15
CommsAudit, EW & SIGINT Tuners........................................... 30
Saab Sensor Systems Germany GmbH,
CyberRadio Solutions, EW & SIGINT Tuners ............................ 30 EW & SIGINT Tuners.................................................................36

Digital Receiver Technology, Inc., EW & SIGINT Tuners ....... 30 Silver Palm Technologies, EW & SIGINT Tuners .......................36

diminuSys, EW & SIGINT Tuners ................................................ 30 Sixteenth Air Force, Brig Gen David Gaedecke, USAF,
Vice Commander ....................................................................... 20
EMS Dominance CFT Deputy Director and Electromagnetic
Spectrum Superiority Directorate (HAF/A5L)
Spectranetix, Inc., EW & SIGINT Tuners ....................................36
Division Chief, Lt Col Jeff “Seed” Kassebaum, USAF ........ 24

Systems & Processes Engineering Corporation (SPEC),

Epiq Solutions, EW & SIGINT Tuners ......................................... 30
EW & SIGINT Tuners.................................................................36
FEI-Elcom Tech, Inc., EW & SIGINT Tuners ..............................32
TELEMUS Inc., EW & SIGINT Tuners .........................................36
Fincantieri Group INSIS (Ingegneria dei Sistemi Speciali),
contract for Italian Ministry of Defense (MOD) Textron Systems, contract for US Air Force
support system for verification and validation of for Radio Frequency Threat Simulator ..................................18
IR decoys and DIRCM countermeasures techniques .........16
thinkRF, EW & SIGINT Tuners .....................................................38
Gen Stephen Wilson, USAF, Vice Chief of Staff ....................... 20
US Army Product Lead Electronic Attack (PdL EA),
GEW Technologies (Hensoldt South Africa), Request for Information (RFI) for Next Generation
EW & SIGINT Tuners.................................................................32 Counter Radio-Controlled Improvised Explosive Device
(RCIED) Electronic Warfare (CREW) System .......................18
House Armed Services Committee (HASC) FY2021
National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) ....................... 15 US Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR),
Next Generation Jammer (NGJ) program .............................. 15
Hudson Institute, establishment of Center for Defense
Concepts and Technology .........................................................18 WiNRADiO Communications, EW & SIGINT Tuners .............38

Visit the new Defense Electronics Resource Guide online at jed.onlinemarketbase.org.

FROM LAB
TO BATTLEFIELD
The VIAVI Ranger
Vector Signal Analyzer/Generator

The VIAVI Ranger Vector Signal Analyzer, Recorder, and Generator is the solution you need for design
verification and testing of your next-generation EW, SIGINT, ECM/ECCM, and Tactical Radio systems.
Ranger is a single-vendor, one-box solution that supports the complete lifecycle of your products, from
conceptual design through field operational test and deployment. With deep memory and wide bandwidth,
Ranger provides hours of full-bandwidth recording and playback capability, ensuring you will capture
every sample of the RF environment and play it back with perfect fidelity. The VIAVI Signal WorkShop™
software provides signal analysis capabilities that can process a recorded RF environment sample-by-
sample, breaking down individual signals and showing not only what happened but when and why it
happened. RF environment simulation capabilities allow the Signal Workshop software to create synthetic
signal environments, modify recorded signal environments, or both simultaneously, creating new RF signal
environments using the generator. The VIAVI Ranger is the key to solving your next-generation RF problems.

The VIAVI Raptor

SCA Development Platform

The VIAVI Raptor is an all-integrated solution for accelerating the development process, from concept to
battlefield, of products that are based on the Software Communications Architecture (SCA) standard. Its open
standard, modular and configurable design approach lets you emulate any tactical radio, radar, electronic
warfare, signal intelligence and robotics system platform. Its multiple processors (i7, ARM, FPGA), high speed
data bus, and instrument grade RF front end will exceed nearly any signal processing requirement. Raptor is
fully integrated and compliant with SCA v2.2.2 and v4.1 (including Core Framework and SCA devices) to help
kickstart application design, implementation, and testing. And for that, Raptor offers a complete Integrated
Development Environment (IDE) to model SCA applications and target platforms, to automatically generate
all of the SCA artifacts code, to test different software deployment strategies on the various processors, and
to introspect, in real time, the signal processing chain for debug and test purposes. Quickly design, implement
and test your SCA application on the VIAVI Raptor system and efficiently port it to your target platform,
drastically reducing development cost and time to market.