Analytical Chemistry

Dr. Ahmad Nauman Shah Saqib

Dr. Ahmad Nauman Shah Saqib

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Students will acquire knowledge about;

☞ The sampling and their handling and

Course preparation and results calculation and
data reporting.
Objectives
☞ The classical techniques of analytical
chemistry and quality control and quality
assurance.

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Course Contents
☞ Chemometrics
Basic concepts, Sampling, Significant figures,
Stoichiometric calculations, Measurement errors,
Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Arithmetic mean,
Median, Mode, Standard deviation, Relative
standard deviation, Confidence limits, Gaussian
distribution, Least square method, Tests for
significance, Outliers.
☞ Classical Analytical Methods
Complexometric titration and Gravimetric analysis.
☞ Clinical Chemistry
Composition of blood, Collection and preservation
of samples, Clinical analysis, Common
determinations, Immunoassay.

Dr. Ahmad Nauman Shah Saqib

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Course Contents
☞ Quality Control and Quality Assurance
Seven tools for quality control, The concept of
quality assurance, Quality assurance techniques,
Validations based on Design Qualification (DQ),
Installation Qualification (IQ), Operational
Qualification (OQ) and Performance Qualification
(PQ), Calibrations, Monitoring and quality reviews,
Periodical trainings, ISO standards.

☞ Environmental Sampling and Analysis

Getting a meaningful environmental sample,
General considerations, sample collection,
Sampling devices, Air sample analysis, Soil
sample analysis, Water sample analysis.

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Marks Breakup

FORMATIVE SUMMATIVE

Midterm Assignment Quiz Presentation Attendance Theory Practical

20 20 45 15

40 60

A student having less than 75% attendance shall not be allowed to take the Summative Examination

Dr. Ahmad Nauman Shah Saqib

 Introduction to
Analytical
Chemistry
•The relationship between
analytical chemistry, other
branches of chemistry, and the
other sciences.
•The central location of
analytical chemistry in the
diagram signifies its importance
and the breadth of its
interactions with many other
disciplines.
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Qualitative analysis reveals the

identity of the elements and
compounds in a sample.
Quantitative analysis determines
Introduction the relative amounts each
substance in numerical terms
Analytes are the components of a
sample that are determined

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Two types of measurements
• The mass or volume of sample being analyzed.
• A quantity proportional to amount of analyte.

Gravimetric methods
Quantitative
Analytical Volumetric methods

Methods Electroanalytical methods

Spectroscopic methods

Other methods

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☞ In gravimetric methods, we determine the mass of the
analyte or some compound chemically related to it.
☞ In a volumetric method, we measure the volume of a
solution containing sufficient reagent to react completely
with the analyte.
Quantitative ☞ In electroanalytical methods, we measure electrical
Analytical properties such as potential, current, resistance, and
quantity of electrical charge.
Methods ☞ In spectroscopic methods, we explore the interaction
between electromagnetic radiation and analyte atoms or
molecules or the emission of radiation by analytes.
☞ Finally, in a group of miscellaneous methods, we measure
such quantities as mass-to-charge ratio of ions by mass
spectrometry, rate of radioactive decay, heat of reaction,
rate of reaction, sample thermal conductivity, optical
activity, and refractive index.
Dr. Ahmad Nauman Shah Saqib
Analytical Chemistry

A Typical
Quantitative
Analysis
Dr. Ahmad Nauman
Shah Saqib

Dr. Ahmad Nauman Shah Saqib 20

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A Typical
Quantitative
Analysis

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A Typical Quantitative Analysis

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Choosing a Acquiring Processing Eliminating Calibrating & Calculating Evaluating
Method the Sample the Sample Interference Measuring Results Results by
Conc. Estimating
Reliability

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The level of accuracy required

Time and money available for the analysis

1. Choosing a Number of samples

Method
Preliminary operations

Complexity of the sample

Dr. Ahmad Nauman Shah Saqib

 2. Acquiring the Sample

Heterogeneous Example – Example –

substances and analyzing 25 tons collection of
representative of silver ore specimens from
sample shipment biological sources

Strict procedures Sampling – the

Reliability of
for sampling and source of greatest
analytical result
transporting error

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Under certain circumstances, no sample
processing

Under most circumstances, processing in

several ways

Preparation of a laboratory sample (can be

3. Processing Solid, Liquid)

the Sample Processing insoluble compounds

Chemical processing prior to analysis

Example – determination of manganese in

steel
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4. Eliminating Interferences

Interferents and interferences in analysis

1
Specificity and selectivity of analysis
2
Methods of overcoming interferents

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Measurement X of
a physical/chemical
property of analyte
5. Calibrating
and Measuring 1

Concentration
Interferences Reproducibility &
direct
proportionality

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☞ Computing results from

experimental data
6. Calculating ☞ Raw experimental data
Results ☞ Characteristics of the
instruments

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☞Estimation of Reliability
7. Evaluating
☞ Measure of the
Results by uncertainties
Estimating
Reliability

Dr. Ahmad Nauman Shah Saqib

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 Dr. Ahmad Nauman Shah Saqib
Thank you

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ahmad.nauman.shah@gmail.com