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Network Layer: TCP/IP Internet Layer

The document discusses the network layer of the OSI model and TCP/IP model. It describes the key functions of the network layer including quality of service, fragmentation, error checking, logical addressing using IP addresses. It then covers topics such as IP classes, address types, subnetting techniques like FLSM and VLSM, CIDR, DHCP, and DNS.

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Niayesh Shafie
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59 views16 pages

Network Layer: TCP/IP Internet Layer

The document discusses the network layer of the OSI model and TCP/IP model. It describes the key functions of the network layer including quality of service, fragmentation, error checking, logical addressing using IP addresses. It then covers topics such as IP classes, address types, subnetting techniques like FLSM and VLSM, CIDR, DHCP, and DNS.

Uploaded by

Niayesh Shafie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

Network Layer
TCP/IP Internet Layer
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

Internet Header (20 ~ 24 Byte)

Version Header TOS Total Length


4 Length 8 16
4
OSI Reference Model (Network) Identification Flag Fragment Offset
TCP/IP (Internet) 16 3 13
TTL Protocol Header Checksum
8 8 16
Layer 7: Application Source IP
Layer 6: Presentation 32

Layer 5: Session Destination IP


32
Layer 4: Transport
IP Options
Layer 3: Network 0 ~ 32
Layer 2: Data Link DATA
Layer 1: Physical
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

Internet Header (20 ~ 24 Byte)

Version Header TOS Total Length


4 Length 8 16
4

Identification Flag Fragment Offset


16 3 13
Network Layer Main Functions:
TTL Protocol Header Checksum
8 8 16
QOS (Quality Of Service) Source IP
32
Fragmentation
Destination IP
Error Checking 32
Logical Addressing (IP Addressing) IP Options
0 ~ 32
DATA
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

Network Host
IP Address:
__ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ __ ___ ___

32 bit IP Address
Minimum 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
Sample: 172.16.122.204
Maximum 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111
32 bit Subnet Mask
Sample: 255.255.255.0 Decimal 172 16 122 204

IP: 172.16.122.204 Binary 10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100


SM: 255.255.255.0
Net ID: 172.16.122.0 Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000

Network ID 10101100 00010000 01111010 00000000


7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Network ID 172 16 122 0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

IP Classes: Network Host


0_______ __ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ __ ___ ___
Class A: 1 ~ 127 Class A
SM: 255.0.0.0 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000
Prefix Mask: /8
10______ ________ ________ ________
Class B: 128 ~ 191
Class B
SM: 255.255.0.0
11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Prefix Mask: /16

110_____ __ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ __ ___ ___


Class C: 192 ~ 223
Class C
SM: 255.255.255.0
Prefix Mask: /24 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000

Class D: 224 ~ 239 Class D 1110____ __ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ __ ___ ___

Class E: 240 ~ 255 Class E 1111____ ________ ________ ________


Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

Traffic Type:

Unicast

Multicast

Broadcast
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

IP Address Type:

Private Address:
10.0.0.0/8
172.16.0.0/12
192.168.0.0/16

Public Address:
All Except
1- Private
2- Loopback (127.0.0.0/8)
3- APIPA (169.254.0.0/27)
4- Multicast (224.0.0.0 ~ 239.255.255.255)
5- Reserved (240.0.0.0 ~ 255.255.255.254)
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

FLSM (Fix Length Subnet Masking)

217.66.53.0/24
11011001.01000010.00110101.00000000

217.66.53.0/26
11011001.01000010.00110101.00000000

217.66.53.64/26
11011001.01000010.00110101.01000000

217.66.53.128/26
11011001.01000010.00110101.10000000

217.66.53.192/26
11011001.01000010.00110101.11000000
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

FLSM Examples:

150.21.161.0/24 -----> 4 Networks


10010110.00010101.10100001.00000000

118.12.201.128/26 -----> 2 Networks


01110110.00001100.11001001.10000000

25.11.16.0/20 -----> 8 Networks


00011001.00001011.00010000.00000000

63.91.0.0/19 -----> 16 Networks


00111111.01011011.00000000.00000000

53.224.0.0/15 -----> 32 Networks


00110101.11100000.00000000.00000000
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masking)

217.66.53.0/24
11011001.01000010.00110101.00000000

217.66.53.0/25
11011001.01000010.00110101.00000000
217.66.53.128/25
11011001.01000010.00110101.10000000

217.66.53.128/26
11011001.01000010.00110101.10000000
217.66.53.192/26
11011001.01000010.00110101.11000000

217.66.53.192/27
11011001.01000010.00110101.110000000
217.66.53.224/27
11011001.01000010.00110101.111000000

217.66.53.224/28
11011001.01000010.00110101.111000000
217.66.53.240/28
11011001.01000010.00110101.111100000
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

VLSM Examples:

150.21.161.0/24 -----> 3 Networks (1x110, 1x40, 1x34)


10010110.00010101.10100001.00000000

118.12.201.128/26 -----> 3 Networks (1x14, 1x6, 1x5)


01110110.00001100.11001001.10000000

25.11.16.0/20 -----> 6 Networks (1x500, 2x300, 1x105, 2x40)


00011001.00001011.00010000.00000000

63.91.0.0/19 -----> 10 Networks (2x800, 3x350, 1x65, 4x25)


00111111.01011011.00000000.00000000

53.224.0.0/15 -----> 32 Networks (4x2000, 8x1000, 6x500, 10x200)


00110101.11100000.00000000.00000000
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)

217.66.52.0/24
11011001.01000010.00110100.00000000

217.66.53.0/24
11011001.01000010.00110101.00000000

217.66.54.0/24
11011001.01000010.00110110.00000000

217.66.55.0/24
11011001.01000010.00110111.00000000

217.66.52.0/22
11011001.01000010.00110100.00000000
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

- Assign IP address Automatically


- Assign Network parameters such as:
- Default Gateway
- DNS Server
- WINS Server
- Leased Duration
-…
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

DNS (Domain Name System)

- Resolve FQDN to IP address


- Use UDP and TCP port number 53
- Use Recursive and Iterative Query
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

Summary Version Header TOS Total Length


4 Length 8 16
4

1- Network Layer Header Identification Flag Fragment Offset


16 3 13
2- Network Layer Main Functions
TTL Protocol Header Checksum
3- IP Address 8 8 16
4- IP addresses Classes Source IP
5- Public & Private IP Addresses 32
6- FLSM Destination IP
7- VLSM 32

8- CIDR IP Options
0 ~ 32
9- DHCP
DATA
10- DNS
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

Network Layer

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