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USN 15EC61

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Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Jan./Feb. 2021

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Digital Communication

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Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 80

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Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing ONE full question from each module.

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2. Any revealing of identification, appeal to evaluator and /or equations written eg, 42+8 = 50, will be treated as malpractice.

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Module-1

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1 a. With neat diagram, explain Canonical representation of Band – pass signal. (10 Marks)
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b. Obtain Hilbert transform of the following :
i) x(t) = cos 2π fct + sin 2π fct ii) x(t) = e j2 fct

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iii) x(t) = δ(t).
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(06 Marks)

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Important Note : 1. On completing your answers, compulsorily draw diagonal cross lines on the remaining blank pages.

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2 a. Explain the complex representation of band pass signals and systems. (07 Marks)
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b. Given the data stream 1011100101. Sketch the pulses for each of the following line code :
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i) Unipolar RZ ii) Bipolar NRZ iii) Manchester code
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iv) Polar quarternary (Natural code). (04 Marks)

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c. Write a short note on HDB3 signaling. (05 Marks)

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Module-2
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3 a. Using the Gram – Schmidt Orthogonalization procedure, find a set of Orthonormal basis

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functions to represent the three signals S1(t) , S 2(t) and S3(t), shown in Fig. Q3(a).
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Fig. Q3(a)
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b. Explain the matched filter receiver with mathematical expression. (06 Marks)
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4 a. Explain the Geometric representation of signals. Illustrate the geometric interpretation of

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signals for the case of 2 – dimensional signal space with 3 signals S1(3, 1) , S2(1, 2) ,
S3(2,3).
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(07 Marks)
b. Obtain the decision rule for ML decoding and explain Correlation receiver.
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(09 Marks)
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Module-3
5 a. With a block diagram of QPSK transmitter and receiver, explain generation and
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demodulation of a QPSK wave. (08 Marks)

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b. Obtain the expression for probability of error of BPSK. (08 Marks)

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6 a. With a neat diagram, explain the DPSK transmitter and receiver. (07 Marks)
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b. Describe briefly M – ary QAM. Obtain the constellation of QAM for M = 4 and draw the
signal space diagram. (06 Marks)
c. Draw the QPSK waveform for the sequence 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 showing in – phase and
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Quadrature components. (03 Marks)

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Module-4

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7 a. Explain the Nyquist criterion for distortion less base band binary transmission and obtain the

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ideal solution for zero ISI. (08 Marks)
b. What is Linear equalizer? With a neat diagram, explain the concept of equalization using a

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linear transversal filter. (08 Marks)

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a. With a neat block diagram, explain the digital PAM transmission through band limited base

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band channels and obtain the expression for ISI. (06 Marks)

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b. What is Eye pattern? Explain with diagram, for binary and quaternary PAM and effect of ISI
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on eye opening. (05 Marks)

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c. The binary sequence 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 is the input to the precoder. Obtain the

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precoded sequence, transmitted sequence , the received sequence and the decoded sequence.
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(05 Marks)

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Module-5
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9 a. With a neat block diagram, explain the concept of Frequency Hopped Spread Spectrum.
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(07 Marks)
b. Explain the effect of dispreading on a Narrow band interference with necessary diagram.
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c. Find the output sequence of the shift register shown in Fig. Q9(c). The initial state of the
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register is 1 1 1. Demonstrate the balance property and run property of a PN sequence. Also

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sketch the autocorrelation function. (05 Marks)
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Fig. Q9(c)
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10 a. Explain the generation of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) signal with relevant
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waveforms and spectrum. (06 Marks)

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b. With a neat block diagram, explain the CDMA System based on IS – 95. (07 Marks)
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c. Write a short note on Applications of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum in CDMA.

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(03 Marks)
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