WELCOME

SCHOOL YEAR 2022 – 2023

GRADE 7 MATHEMATICS
SIR ALBERT GUMANA
Grading System in Mathematics
Written Works – 40 %

Performance Tasks – 40 %

Quarterly Assessment – 20 %

TOTAL 100 %
 Grade 7 Mathematics
School Year 2022 -2023
First Quarter
Chapter 1
Numbers and Number Sense: Sets and Set Operations
Lesson 1 Set and Set Concepts
Lesson 2 Union and Intersection of Sets

Chapter 2
Numbers and Number Sense: Integers
Lesson 1 Absolute Value
Lesson 2 Addition of Integers
Lesson 3 Subtraction of Integers
Lesson 4 Multiplication of Integers
Lesson 5 Division of Integers
Lesson 6 Properties of the Operations on Integers

Chapter 3
Number and Number Sense: Real Numbers
Lesson 1 Real Numbers
Lesson 2 Fractions and Decimals
Lesson 3 Ordering Rational Numbers
Lesson 4 Operations with Rational Numbers
Lesson 5 Roots of Rational Numbers and Irrational
Numbers
Lesson 6 Estimating Square Root of a Whole Number
Lesson 7 Scientific Division

Second Quarter
Chapter 4
Numbers and Number Sense: Measurement
Lesson 1 Development of Measurement
Lesson 2 Linear Measurement
Lesson 3 Mass/Weight Measurement
Lesson 4 Volume
Lesson 5 Measuring Angles
Lesson 6 Measuring Temperature
Lesson 7 Time Measurement
Lesson 8 Measurement of Rate

Chapter 5
Algebra: Algebraic Expressions
Lesson 1 Translation of Algebraic Expressions
Lesson 2 Evaluation of Algebraic Expressions
Lesson 3 Classification of Algebraic Expressions
Lesson 4 Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic
Expressions
Third Quarter

Lesson 5 Laws of Exponents

Lesson 6 Multiplication of Algebraic Expressions
Lesson 7 Special Products
Lesson 8 Division of Algebraic Expressions

Chapter 6
Algebra:Equations and Inequalities
Lesson 1 Translating Algebraic Equation To
Mathematical Sentences and Vice Versa
Chapter 6
Algebra: Equations and Inequalities
Lesson 1 Translating Algebraic Equations to
Mathematical Sentences and Vice Versa
Lesson 2 Solving Equations in One Variable
Lesson 3 Solving Linear Equations Involving
Absolute Value.
Lesson 4 Inequality in One Variable
Lesson 5 Linear Inequality Involving Absolute Value
Fourth Quarter

Chapter 7
Geometry
Lesson 1 Undefined Terms
Lesson 2 Angles Pairs Formed By a Parallel Lines Cut
by a Transversal
Lesson 3 Bisecting Lines and Angles
Lesson 4 Polygons
Lesson 5 Circle
Lesson 5 Constructing a Polygon
Chapter 8
Statistics and Probability
Lesson 1 Introduction to Statistics
Lesson 2 Gathering of Data
Lesson 3 Organization and Presentation of Data
Lesson 4 Measure of Central Tendency
Lesson 5 Measures of Variability.
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 Introduction To Sets
Set – a well-defined collection of objects
which are called members or elements

George Cantor – the founder of the set

theory
 Identify which of the following sets is
well-defined and tell the elements.
▶1. Set of students
▶2. Set of artists
▶3. Set of provinces in Region 6
▶4. Set of numbers
▶5. Set of Math teachers in St. Joseph School
▶6. Set of plants
In denoting sets, we use capital letters of the English
alphabet.

Here are some examples:

A = Set of whole numbers
B = Set of Grade 7 class of icers in school
C = Set of cities in Region VI
D = Set of vowels in the English alphabet
E = Set of planets in the solar system
Example
In the given sets A and D, we have
A = {0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , …. .}
D = { a, e, i, o, u }

The objects in a set are called elements. Consider D =

{ a, e, i, o, u }, the set of vowels of the English alphabet.
One of the elements of D is a. Hence, we say that “ a is
an element of D ”, written as a ∈ D. However, since w is
not in set D, we say that “w is not an
element of D”, written as w ∈ D.
Sets are conventionally denoted with capital letters
and can be defined in two ways
▶RosterMethod – elements are listed and
separated by commas

▶Rule Method – elements are described

using { x/x ….}, which is read as “set of x
such that x is …
Roster Method
Examples:
P={2,3,4}
- Set P is a set of integers between 1 and 5.

Q= {2,4,6,8}
- Set Q is a set of positive even integers less than 10

R= {a,e,i,o,u}
- Set R is a set of vowel letters

S = { Monday , Tuesday , Wednesday , Thursday , Friday , Saturday ,

Sunday }
- Set S is a set of days of the week
The Rule Method
Examples
P = { x/x is an integer between 1 and 5 }

Q = { x/x is a positive even integer less than 10 }

R = { x/x is a vowel letter }

S = { x/x is a day of the week }

Examples:
1.) Set A is a set of odd numbers less than 10.
2.) Set B is a set of days in a week that starts with T.
3.) Set C is a set of integers greater than 5.
Roster Method
1.) A = { 1, 3 , 7 , 9 }
2.) B = { Tuesday , Thursday }
3.) C = { 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , ……. }
Rule Method
1.) A = { x/x is an odd number less than 10 }
2.) B = { x/x is a day in a week that starts with T }
3.) C = { x/x is an integer greater than 5 }
 Finite and Infinite Sets
A set is finite if has countable elements, if it does not, the
set is infinite.
Example:
A = the set of odd numbers less than 10
B = the set of days in a week that starts with T
C = the set of months that start with J
D = the set of integers greater than 5
E = the set of numbers multiples of 3
Set A, B and C are finite sets since all elements can be
listed and counted. Set D and E are infinite since they
have no definite number of elements.
A = { 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 } finite
B = { Tuesday , Thursday } finite
C = { January , June , July } finite
D = { 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , . . . . } infinite
E = { 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 15 , 18 , . . . } infinite
Example:
Identify the following whether finite set or infinite set.

1.) F = set of stars in the sky

2.) G = the set of integers between 0 and 10
3.) H = set of whole numbers
4.) I = the set of whole numbers
5.) J = the set of numbers between 1 and 2
6.) K = the set of provinces in Region 6 in the
Philippines
7.) L = the set fish in the ocean
A set without an element is called an empty set and it
is denoted by { } or null set ∅.

▶Example:
L = the set of odd numbers multiples of 10
M = the set of days of the week that start with
letter R
N = the set of negative integers greater than 0
O = the set of dwarves of Cinderella
P = the set of birds that has 9 legs
Singleton Set
In Mathematics, a singleton, also known as a unit set, is a set
with exactly one element.
EXAMPLES:
1.) A = { b }
2.) B = set of odd number between 2 and 4 {3}
3.) C = set of Math teacher in Grade 7 –St. James class.
{ Sir Albert }
4.) D = set of vowel letter in the word “ten”
{e}
5.) E = set of an integer that has no sign
( positive nor negative ) {0}
Universal Set
All the set under consideration can be subsets of a
another set is called universal set. The universal
set is denoted by U.
Examples:
1.) The universal set U = the lower case letters of
the English alphabet.
2.) In the study of human population, the universal
set consists of all the people in the world.
 Equal and Equivalent Sets
Two sets are equal if they have exactly the
same element.

Two sets are equivalent if they have the

same number of elements or their members
can be placed in one-to-one correspondence
with each other.
Examples

Equal Sets
M={a,e,i,o,u} Set M and N have exactly the same
elements.

N={a,e,i,o,u}

Equivalent Sets Both sets A and B have 3 elements.

A= { 2 , 1 , 3 }
There is simply a one-to-one
↓ ↓ ↓ correspondence among the members of
B = { blue , white , red } the sets and they are not exactly the
same.
Set P is the set of multiples of 2 from 2 to 10.
Set Q is the set of even numbers between 0 and
12.

P = { 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 }
Q = { 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 }

Are sets P and Q are equal sets or equivalent sets?

M = { x/x is a letter in a word READ }
N = { x/x is a letter in the word DEAR }

M = { R , E ,A, D }
N = { D , E ,A, R }

Are sets M and N are equal sets or equivalent sets?

X = { x/x is a vowel letter }
Y = first five integers greater than 0

X={a,e,i,o,u}
Y={1,2,3,4,5}

Are sets X and Y equivalent sets or equivalent

sets?
Think about this :
All equal sets are equivalent sets but not
all equivalent sets are equal.

Joint and Disjoint Sets

A= { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 } B = { 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 }

* Sets A and B have common elements which are 2 , 4 ,

and 6.
Sets having common elements are called joint sets.
Why are they called joint sets?
 A B
1 3 2
4 8
5 6 10
Type equation here.

Notice that sets A and B overlapped and the region

where they overlapped has elements 2, 4 and 6 which
are the common elements of set A and set B. Since the
graphs coincides, then they are called “ joint sets”.
D = { First eight odd whole numbers}
E = { Natural numbers between one and ten }

D E
1 11 3 2 4
13 5 6
7
15 9 8

D = { 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 }
E = { 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 }
{ 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 } are common to both sets
Set D and E are joint sets
C = { 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 15 } D = { 1 , 5 , 7 , 11 , 13 }
Sets C and D have no common elements.
Sets without any common element are called disjoint sets.
C D
3 9 1 7
6 5
12 15 11 13

* Since the sets have no elements in common, the graph did

not coincide or overlap, that is why they are called “disjoint
sets”.
SUBSETS
If every element of set A is a member of set B, then set A is said to be
a subset of B and denoted by A ⊆ B ( “A is contained in B”). If A
is a subset of B but not equal to B, then A is a proper subset
of B which is denoted by A ⊂B.
Proper subset is a subset which is not the same as the
original set itself.
⊂ “ is a proper subset of”
⊆ “ is a subset of”
> “ is a proper superset of ”
⊇ “ is a superset of ”
⊄ “ is not a subset of ”
* The symbol ⊆ ( or ⊇, reversed ) is used to denote the subset/superset
relationship:
Consider the following:
A = { 1 , 2 , 3, 4 , 5 } B = { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 }
Then,
A ⊆ B and B ⊇ A

* The symbol ⊂ ( or ⊃, reversed ) is used to denote a proper

subset/superset relationship:
Consider the following:
A = { 1 , 2, 3 } B={1,2,3,4,5}
Then,
A ⊂ B and B ⊃ A
The symbol “⊄” which means “ not a subset ”
Consider the following:
A={a,b,c} B={a,b,d,e}
Then,
A ⊄ B since c,whichis not is an element of A, is not
in B.

Any set is a subset of itself, but not a proper subset.

The empty set is a proper subset of any non-empty
set.
Example 1:
Consider this set { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 }. Then { 1 , 3 , 4 }
and { 3 } are proper subsets while { 2 , 3 , 6 } and
{ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 } are not.

Example 2: List down all the subsets of the following:

a.) K = { a , b , c }
Subsets: { a, b , c } , {a , b } , {a , c } , {b , c} ,
{a},{b},{c},{}
Number of subsets: 8
b.) M = { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 }
Subsets: { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 } , { 1, 2 , 3 } , { 1 , 2 , 4 } ,
{ 1 , 3 , 4 } , { 2 , 3 , 4 } , { 1, 2 } , { 1 , 3 } , { 1 , 4 } ,
{2,3},{2,4}, {3,4}{1},{2},{3},{4},
{}
Number of subsets: 16

Is there a way to know the total number of subsets of a given

set? Yes. The number of subsets depends on the number of
elements.
n=2 where e is the number of elements in a given
set
Determine the number of subsets without listing the
subsets.
1.) A = { 100 } no. of subsets
2.) B = { 0 , 1 } no. of subsets
3.) C = { r , s , t , u , v } no. of subsets
4.) D = { 7 , 8 , 9 } no. of elements
5.) E = { w , x , y , z } no. of elements
* no element How many such subsets?
* one element How many such subsets?
* two elements How many such subsets?
* three elements How many such subsets?
* four elements How many such subsets?