READING COMPREHENSION 1 EXERCISES

DIRECTION: Each passage below is followed by questions based on its content. Read each passage
carefully and answer the questions and/or complete the statements given under each item.

Passage 1

The service women in the World War 1 included a range of activities from knitting to operating
frill presses and engaged a cross section of the female population from rural housewives to “society
girls.” It was the first ime that a systematic effort had been made through organizations like the
National League of Women’s Service to determine the capabilities of women in all regions of the country
and to encourage and direct their activities.

Much of the work fell into the traditional realm of volunteer activity: knitting garments, canning,
planting victory gardens, and protecting children from the adverse effects of war. Through these
activitis, every homemaker could readily demostrate her patriotism without appreciably disgressing
from her usual routine. Women with more time volunteered to host at canteens, make bandages,
organize food and clothing drives, collect books, and cut clippings from newspapers and magazines.
Thousands canvassed the streets touting the sale of Liberty Bonds and War Saving Stamps. The
Woman’s Land Army dressed in bloomer uniforms and, armed with such slogans as “The woman with
the hoe must defend the man with musket,” was dispatched to assist farmers in planting, harvesting,
and processing crops.

Even so, most of the volunteer work fell within the established bounds of women’s club work
and was accepted as appropriate demonstration of female patriotism. Historically more significant,
however, women “put on trousers” and wore the uniforms of elevator operators, street car conductors,
postmen, and industrial workers. They were employed as aircraft and munitions plants, shipbuilding
yards, and steel mills. In addition, they continued as part of the labor force in the usual women-
employing industries – textiles, food, and clothing. Women performed ably during the war and laid the
better working conditions, and a more competitive status in the job market.

1. The tone of the passage might best be described as _______.

a. Snide and spiteful
b. Grandiose and impressionistic
c. Critical and condescending
d. Admiring and enthusiastic
e. Deferential and tedious
 2. What is the central concern of the passage?
a. To deal with the contribution of volunteer workers during World War 1
b. To discuss the contribution made by civilian women to the war effort during World War 1
c. To describe the influence of the National League of Women’s Service on the feminist
movement
d. To demonstrate the success of women doing job held exclusively by men prior to World
War1
e. To illustrate the importance of women’s assistance to the American farmer during World
War 1

3. The author used the phrase “ put on trousers” on the third paragraph to convey that women
______.
a. Demanded higher positions in the field of politics
b. Repudiated to work on industries not related to defense
c. Moved into positions ordinarily filled by men
d. Volunteered for active duty in the armed forces
e. Embraced to fill traditional roles

4. The passage is most likely taken from which of the following sources?
a. A private diary written by a volunteer worker
b. A pamphlet distribued during World War 1 to encourage volunteerism
c. A study of the role of women in the armed forces
d. A history of women in the United States
e. A government training manual for volunteers

Passage 2

In analyzing factors likely to induce depression, it is useful to distinguish between “ life events”
and “life circumstances,” both f which promote stress though in different ways. Stressful life events
include divorce or loss of a spouse and loss of employment. Stress- inducing “life conditions” include
single parenthood, low income, poor education, and responsibility for younf children, circumstances
that most often afflict the single-parent family head, who is nearly always a woman. Any particular
incident of depression is likely to include elements from both categories.

As expected, epidemiological studies show that more women than men exhibit signs of
depression. The sex difference in rates of depression is also explained by a condition of learned
helplessness. Society encourages women to be passive, not aggressive; not to seek power, but to trust
others and not threaten them with their own. So any particular incident of depression may include a
past history of learned helplessness as well as immediate environmental agent of depression.
 5. The passage deals primarily with _____________.
a. Discussing the factors that contribute to depression.
b. Identifying the family siuations that lead to depression
c. Describing the behavior of depressed people
d. Explaining the beochemical causes of depression
e. Analyzing the different rates of depression in men and women

6. Which of the following best explains the distinctions between a “ life circumstances “ and a “life
event”?
a. Life circumstances occur less frequently but are more serious than life events.
b. A life circumstances is learned behavior, and a life event is caused by an outside agent.
c. A life circumstance is more likely to cause depression in women; a life event is more likely to
cause depression in men.
d. A life circumstance can easily be controlled, but a life event cannot.
e. A life circumstance is a long-term condition, while a life event is a sudden change.

7. Which of the following best explains the relationship between the first and second paragraphs
of the passage?
a. Arguments in the first paragraph contradict the arguments in the second paragraph.
b. Statistics in he second paragraph support a contention made in the first paragraph.
c. Information in the second paragraph helps to explain a phenomenon mentioned in the first
paragraph.
d. Studies cited in the second paragraph undermine the central pint of the first.
e. Examples given in the first paragraph illustrate points made in the second paragraph.

8. All of the following techniques are used by the author except ________.
a. Giving examples
b. Explaining a concept
c. Refuting a theory
d. Contrasting different terms
e. Citing evidence

Passage 3

In most sectors of the economy, it is the seller who attempts to attract a potential buyer with
various inducements of price, quality, and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision. In the
health care indusrty, however, the doctor-patient relationship is the mirror image of the ordinary
relationship betweenproducer and consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physician, the
physician usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return “next
Wednesday,” whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc.

This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care. The physician must certify the need for
hospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may be
discharged. The patient may be consulted about some of these decisions, but in the main it is the
doctor’s judgments that are final. Little wonder then that in the eyes of the hospital it is the physician
who is he real “consumer.” As a consequence, the medical staff represents the “power center” in
hospital policyand decision-making, not the administration.

Usually there are in this situation four identifiable participants; the phyicians, the hospital, the
patient and the payer { generally an insurance carrier or government}. The physician amkes the
essential decision for all of them. The hospital becomes an extension of the physician; the payer
generally meets msot of the bonafide bills generated by the physician/hospitan; and for the most part,
the patient plays a passive role. In routine or minor illnesses, or just plain worries, the patient’s options
are, of course, much greaer with respect to use and price. But in illnesses that are of some significance,
such choice tends to evaporate. And it is for these illnesses that the bulk of the health care dollar is
spent. We estimate that about 75-80 percent of health care expenditures are determined by
physicians, not patients. For this reason, economy measures directed at patients of the general public
are relatively ineffective.

9. What is the author’s main purpose of the passage?

a. To evaluate some important economic factors in health care
b. To notify potential patients of their health care rights
c. To speculate about the relationship between a patient’s ability and treatment received
d. To censure doctors for exercising too much control over patients
e. To sponsor hospitals to salvage their decision-making

10. It can be deduced that doctors are able to determine hospital policies because ________.
a. Some patients might refuse to accept their physician’s advice
b. Most of the patient’s bills are paid by his health insurance
c. A doctor is ultimately rsponsible for a patient’s health
d. Hospital adminstrations lack the expertise to question medical decisions
e. It is doctors who generate income for the hospital
11. As cited in the passage, when a doctor tells a patient to “return next Wednesday,” the doctor is
in effect___________.
a. Divulging that the first visit was futile
 b. Recommending the patient to seek second opinion
c. Instructing the patient to buy more medical services
d. Taking advantage of the patient’s concern for his health
e. Portending the patient that a hospital stay might be necessary

12. Which of the following best exemplifies the tone of the passage?
a. Insolent c. analytical e. Whimsical
b. Prying d. capricious

13. The author is most probably leading up to _________.

a. The similitude of hospitals and factories
b. A proposal to control medical costs
c. A discussion of a new medical treatment
d. A study of lawsuits against doctors for malpractice
e. An analysis of the causes of the scarcity of doctors in the hospitals

Passage 4

Proof of No Purpose

By Robert Herrick

You see this gentle stream, that glides’

Shoved on, by quick succeeding tides;

Try if this sober stream you can

Follow to th’ wilder ocean,

And see, if there it keeps unspent

In that congesting element.

Next, from that world of waters, then

By pores and caverns back again

Induct that unadultrate same

Stream to the spring from whence it came,

 This with a wonder when ye do,

An easy, else easier too:

Then may ye recollect the grains

Of my particular remains,

After a thousand lusters hurled,

By ruffling, winds, about the world.

14. The central denotative theme of the poem addresses the subject of ________________.
a. How the bodies of water are formed
b. Life cycles
c. Seasons and climates of the world
d. Water cycles
e. The inconsistencies of life
15. As cited in lines 3 and 5, the speaker’s attitude toward the silent auditor seems to be
somewhat_________________.
a. Deferential d. challenging
b. Simpleton e. Churlish
c. Truculent
16. As the world is used in line 14, “particular” describes the speaker’s “remains” as all the following
except___________.
a. Accurate d. personal
b. Apart fro others considered separately
c. Special rather than general
17. Within the context of this poem, the speaker’s “remains” in line 14 can be seen as his______.
I. Surviving writings
II. Remnant of material possessions
III. Dead body
IV. Work left to be done

a. I only d. II and III only

b. II nly e. III and IV only
c. II, III, and IV only
18. What is the effect of the speaker’s use of the phrase “unspent/In that congesting elements”
{lines 5-6}?
a. The use establishes an alliterative pattern with line 7.
 b. The use builds a sense of nature’s economy

c. The use makes he stream seem like an enervated person in an overcrowded situation.

d. The use influences the reader to regard the stream as lost forever in the ocean.

e. The use contradicts the return of the stream to its source in line 10.

19. Figuratively, the stream represents____________.

a. The natural elements of life
b. Literary works

c. The source for the ocean

d. Part of the water cycle

e. People in a state of fiscal crisis

20. In the poem’s title, “No Purpose” means____________.

a. Irrelevant d. unresolved
b. Misguided e. Without design
c. Untalented
VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT 1 EXERCISES

For items 1 – 10

DIRECTIONS: Each of the following sentences has two blank spaces. Each blank indicates that a word or
group of words has been omitted. From among the five numbered pairs of words under each sentence,
choose the pair that would best complete the idea of the sentence. Encircle the letter of the correct
answer.

1.Although this disease threatens the lives of several thousand persons every year, the _____ of supplies
and equipment has ______ the progress of medical research for a cure.

1. paucity...hampered 4. death...nettled

2. obscurity...enthralled 5. filth...vexed

3. miasma...imperiled

2. The customers were so incensed at the obvious _____ of the waiter that they could not be _____ and
refused to pay their check.

1. laxity...quenched 4. qualms...appalled

2. ineptitude...assuaged 5. Elemency...condoned

3. belligerence...mitigated

3. Since many casual smokers develop lung cancer and many____ smokers do not, scientists believe
that individuals differ in their _____ the cancer-causing agents known to be present in cigarette
smoking.

1. heavy...vulnerability to 4. Untenable...receptivity to

2. grave...severity to 5. Habitual...inhibition to

3. superficial...susceptibility to

4. His imperturbability in the face of evidence indicating his deliberate fraud failed to reassure
supporters of his essential ________; instead, it suggested a talent for _____ that they had never
suspected.

1. uncertainty...depravity 4. perfidy...charlatan

2. probity...guile 5. appalling...ignominy

3. mendacity...culpability
5. People frequently malign books about recent cataclysms as morally _____ attempts to profit from
misfortune, but in my view our desire for such books, together with the revered tradition to which they
belong _____, them.

1. wanton...develops 4. Arbitrary...enhances

2. auspicious...venerates 5. Appaling...legitimizes

3. mendacity...culpability

6. As Mark argued, this new code of conducts is preposterous; its principles are either _____, offering
no wisdom but the obvious, or are so deviod of specific advice as to make almost any action _____.

1. platitudinous...permissible 4. Languid...impassible

2. superfluous...degrading 5. Ubiquitous...deplorable

3. inopportunate...litigates

7. A ______ acceptance of contemporary forms of social behavior has misled a few into believing that
values in conflict with those of the present age are all for the practical purposes.

1. restive...unmitigated 4. Diversified...subjugated

2. penchant...recognized 5. Complacent...outmoded

3. stymide...unresolved

8. A skillful ______, the president of the company adopted a posture of patience and ______ toward the
protesters, rather than repudiating their demands outright.

1. adviser...ignominy 4. Mediator...pacification

2. administrator...pusillanimity 5. Arbitrator...discomfiture

3. pedagogue...vengeance

9. Although it is difficult to be _____ to the plight of one’s adverdary, it is not necessary to be ____ or
cruel.

1. phlegmatic...adamant 4. Ostracized...cognizant

2. trebulous...prodigious 5. Shunned...plaintive

3. sympathetic...callous

10. It is highly the feature of business’ _____ attitude that little or no interest was evinced in urban
renewal until similar understakings elsewhere proved such projects could be_____.
 1. conventional...innocuous 4. Quixotic...hackneyed

2. pungent...available 5. Pragmatic...profitable

3. prolific...feasible

For items 11-15

DIRECTIONS: This section contains a poem with missing phrases/words. From the options given, choose
the word or group of words that best fits the blank in the poem in terms of coherence, grammar, and
usage. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

SONNET 116

-Wlilliam Shakespeare

Let me not to the marriage of true minds Love’s not Time’s fool, though rosy lips and cheeks

Admit____11____.Love is not love Within his bending sickle’s compass come,

Which alters when it alteration finds, Love____15____not with his brief hours and weeks,

Or bends with the remover to remove. But bears it out even to the edge of doom,

Oh no! It is ___12___ If this be error and upon me proved,

That looks on tempests and is ____13___ I never writ, nor no man ever loved.

It is the star to every wandering bark,

Whose worth’s ____14____, although his

height be taken.

11. 1. altercation 14. 1. unknown

2. impediments 2. abandoned

3. inclination 3. withdrawn

4. adulteration 4. less attended

5. purification 5. vacated
12. 1. a pliable faith 13. 1. never bent 15. 1. pleads

2. a stretched-bow 2. not dismayed 2. interferes

3. an unbendable fortress 3. never shaken 3. discourages

4. an incorrigible heart 4. barely awaken 4. alters

5. an ever – fixed mark 5. hardly be carried away 5. intrudes

For items 16-20

DIRECTIONS; This section contains paragraphs with missing phrases/words. From the options given,
choose the word or group of words that best fits the blank in the paragraphs interms of coherence,
grammar, and usage. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

Selection Options

The New Society was a period of “New Speak” 16. 1. hoarding and interfering

Safe houses were places where suspected political 2. charging and instructing

Dissidents were brought for ____16____. 3. healing and debriefing

4. manual labor and questioning

5. interrogation and torture

They were safe for the police and the military. “Strategic 17. 1. annihilated

ham letting” was not the building of new homes and hamlets; 2. isolated

it referred to towns being ____17____ to prevent supports 3. Sequestered

to rebels. ____18____destroyed, rathr than built, villages. 4. Cordoned off

5. vacated

18. 1. Isolation

2. Hamletting

3. censuring

4. eliminating
 5. farming

The meaning of ____19____ has been transformed from 19. 1. salvaging 4. mutiny

“to save or to retrieve” to one of the execution. 2. sedition 5. ambush

3. firing squad

A noted professor says that this change in meaning was 20. 1. conveyed about by

probably____20____the Spanish word “salvage,” which 2. associated more with

originally meant savage and which in Filipino refers to 3. incorporated into

someone who behaves badly. 4. in endorsement of

5. in appreciation of

DIRECTION: Read each of the passages carefully. Then choosethe best answer to the questions that
follow on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. Encircle your answer.

Passage 1 for items 21-24

Nothing can please many and please long but the just representation of general nature.
Shakespeare is, above all writers, the poet of nature; the poet that holds up to his readersa faithful
mirror of manners and life. His characters are not modified by the customs of particular places unknown
to the rest of the world, by peculiarities of studies of professions known to just a few ; or by the latest
fashions of popular opinions: they are all genuine representations of common humanity, such as the
world will always supply and observation will always find. His persons act and speak by the influence of
those general passions and principles by which all minds are agitated and the whole sytemof life is
continued in motion. In the writings of other poets a character is toooften an individual; in those of
Shakespeare it is commonly a specious.

Other dramatists can only gain attention by hyperbolical or aggravated characters, by the
fabulous and unexample excellence or depravity, as the writers of barbarous romances invigorated the
reader by the giant or the dwarf; and he who should form his expectations of human affairs from the
tale would be equally deceived. Shakespeare has no heroes; his scenes are occupied only by men who
act and speak as the readermay have exposed him to the censure of critics who form their judgments on
anrrower principles; Voltaire thinks that his kings are not royal enough. But Shakespeare always makes
nature predominate over accident. This, therefore, is the praise of Shakespeare, that his drama is the
mirror of life; that he who has amazed his imaginationin following the phantoms which other writers
raise up before him may here be cured of his delirious ecstacies by reading human sentiments in human
language; by scenes from which a hermit may estimate the transactions of the world, and a confessor
predicts the progress of passion.

21. Which of the following components is used by the author for the over all theme of this passage?
1. He presents comparison and contrasts 4. He mentions specific characters and anlyzes them.
2. He raises a point and then refutes it. 5. He quotes from other critics
3. He contradicts popular opinions.

22. The author mentions Voltaire because he is____.

1. A prominent literary figure. 4. A great literary genius.
2. An advocate writer of plays 5. An avid fan of Shakespeare
3. A critic of Shakespeare

23. All of the following are not about Shakespeare’s characters EXCEPT________.
1. They are all members of the nobility. 4. They are typical human beings.
2. They do not envoke emotions and feelings. 5. They are apathetic and adamant.
3. They are xotic and unfamiliar to the audience.
24. The author is primarily concerned with______.
1. Defending the work of one writer. 4. Psychological importance
2. Ethical weakness 5. Literary qualities
3. Figurative language

From 25-27

Art, like words, is a form of communication. Words, spoken and written, render accessible to
humans of the latest generations all the knowledge discovered by the experience and reflection, both of
preceding generations and of the best and foremost minds of their own times. Art renders accessible to
people of the latest generations all the feelings experienced by their predecessors, and those already
felt by their best and foremost contemporaries. Just as the evolution of knowledge proceeds by
dislodging and replacing that which is mistaken, so too the evolution of the feelings proceed through art.
Feelings less kind and less necessary for the well-being of human kind are replaced by others kinder and
more essential to that end. This is the purpose of art, and the more art fulfills that purpose, the better
the art; the less it fulfills it, the worse the art.

25. Which of the following components is used by the author for the overall development of the
passage?
1. Theory and enumeration 4. Narration and question
2. Inference and supposition 5. Comparison and contrast
 3. Illustrations and generalization

26. Which of the following best exemplefies the author’s belief about knowledge?
1. Knowledge is cyclical and visionary. 4. Knowledge is arbitrary and subjective.
2. Knowledge is the most powerful tool for rational thinking.
3. Knowledge is commulative and progressive. 5. Knowledge is stoical and directionless.

27. Based on the passage, which of the folowing best illustrates the characteristic of ART?
I. It can never lead you astray.
II. It purifies human sensibilities.
III. It preserves for later generations experiences of previous generations.
1. I only 4. I and II only
2. II only 5. II and III only
3. III only.

For items 28-29

DIRECTIONS: This section contains paragraphs consist of parts that are presnted in scrambled
order. Read each group and decide what should be the best order in which to put the parts so
that they form a well-organized paragraph.

Paragraph 1

A. The seeds yielded fragrant flowers that gave his home color and made his wife very happy.
B. Last Saturday, an e-mail leter, I received from a friend, contained a very interesting folk tale.
C. For he had planted flower seeds on the side of the road where water from the cracked pot
leaked.
D. “Without you just being the way you are, there would not be this beauty to grace the
house,” the water bearer said.
E. The mastered answered that the cracked pot, despie the flaw, served him well.
F. The cracked pot considered itself miserable failure because it could not only carry half the
water that the perfect pot could deliver in full.
G. Months later, the cracked pot asked its master why it was still being used to get water.
H. It told of a water bearer from China who carried water everyday using two earthernware
pots - one with a crack on it and the other, in perfect shape.

28. 1. BFEHGCAD 4. BHGFECDA

2. BGHFEACD 5. BHEFGDAC
3. BHFGECAD
 Paragraph 2

A. “In a country that was nascent HIV/AIDS epidemic, almost one – third {of people testing
positive for HIV} are former migrant workers,” notes Maria Lourdes Marin, executive
director of Action for Health Initiatives Inc., in her foreword to the book “For Good.”
B. Overseas Filipino workers are among the “sectors” of society most vulnerable to HIV
infection.
C. Emotional vulnerability combined with sexual license gives rise to many risks, not least of
which are sexually transmited infections, including HIV/AIDS.
D. While this high figure maybe a result of increased mandatory HIV testing of migrant workrs,
it gives evidence to an emerging concern, not just locally but globally.
E. Lonely and homesick, isolated and coping with foreign languages, culture and even religions,
they are cut off from their social support system of family and friends.
F. Their vulnerability sems not just from their occupation, such as the good number of migrant
women workers involved in the ex and entertainment industry, but also from their living and
working conditions.
G. OFW’s find themselves craving for companionship while at the same time suddenly liberated
from the social strictures that once governed their behavior.
29. 1. AGBFECD 4. BEFCGDA
2. EGBFADC 5. BFEGCAD
3. BFGECAD

Passage 3- For items 30-33

It still lacked a half hour of sunrise when Miss Hepzibah – we will say awoke, it is being
doubtful whether the poor old lady had so much as closed her eyes during the brief night of
midsummer- but, all events, arose from solitary pillow, and began the adornment of her person.
She was alone in the old house- quite a house by itself, indeed – with locks, bolts, and oaken
bars on all the intervening doors. Inaudible, consequently, were poor Miss Hepzibah’s gusty
sighs, inaudible the creaking joints of her stiffened knees, as she knelt down by the bedside.
And unaudible too, by mortal ear, that almost agony of prayer – now whispered, now a groan,
now a struggling silence – wherewith she sought the divine assistance through the day!
Evidently this is to be a day of more than ordinary trial to Miss Hepzibah, who for above a
quarter of a century gone by has dwelt in strict seclusion, taking no part in the business of life,
and just as little in its interaction and pleasures.
Here comes Miss Hepzibah. Forth she steps into the dusky, time- darkenend passage a
tall figure, clad in black silk, with a long and shrunken waist, feeling her way towards the stair
like a nearsighted person, which in truth she is.
 Her scowl- as the world persisted in caling it – her scowl had done Miss Hepzibah every ill office,
in establishing her character as an ill – tempered old maid; nor does it appear important that, by
often gazing at herself in a dim looking glass, and perpetually encountering her own frown
within its ghostly sphere, she had been led to interpret the expression almost as unjustly as the
world did. But her heart never frowned.

30. In the last paragaph, the author implied that Miss Hepzibah is __________.
1. quixotic and impervious 4. good – hearted but misunderstood
2. introvert and frenetic 5. phlegmatic but rational
3. pious but blasphemous

31. Which of the following words does not describeHepzibah?

1. religious 4. reclusive
2. vain 5. elderly
3. myopic

32. Which of the following best exemplifies the author’s portrayal of Miss Hepzibah?
1. critical and scornful 4. laudatory and admiring
2. interested and sympathetic 5. sarcastic and mocking
3. loving and intimate
33. It can be deduced that Miss Hepzibah views the day’s coming events with______.
1. apprehension 4. eagerness
2. aplomb 5. confidence
3. boredom

Passage 4- For items 34-35

Confidence schemes are rarely violent and therefore relatively unknown to the public at large.
Despite the lack of notoriety, these crimes are among the most devious, the most harmful, and the most
disruptive for society, because they break down the major values of social order- honesty and trust.

The con games themselves are simplistic, almost infantile. But they work because the criminal
can win complete confidence, talk fast enough to keep the victm slightly confused, and dangle enough
temptations to suppress any suspicion or skepticism. Traditionally, the primary targets to these
confidence artists have been the elderly and women. Their primary target locations appear to be the
inner – city core areas, shopping centers, schools, and transit systems. Thus, huge gatherings of people
appear very atractive to the con artist.

Deception and misrepresentation are the survival skills of the con artist, and like any other
craftsman, he continually strives to improve his “street smart” skills. Though many of the schemes
would appear suspect to a reasonable and prudent person, the con’s ability to deceive and fool must not
be underestimated.

34. Based on the passage, confidence schemes are more serious than most people believe because
____.
1. They outwitted the helpless victims
2. They usually lead to other, more violent crimes
3. They distraught the social order of the society
4. They envoke passivity of reliance from their victims
5. They emanate qualms and deception
35. As stated in the passage, which of the folowing factors contributes the success of confidence
schemes?

I.Law enforcement agencies are not interested in such crimes, becuase they are not violent.

II. Victims imagine that they are going to gain from transaction.

III.The perpetrators are very proficient and able to perplex their victims.

1. I only 4. I and III only

2. II only 5. II and III only
3. III only

Passage 5- For items 36-39

A new study to be published soon suggests a link between jet noise and mental illness. The
study finds that in 1970 the rate of mental hospital admissions was 29 percent higher in Inglewood,
where the Los Angeles International Airport is located, than in El Segundo, which is about five miles
away.

The researchers chose El Segundo for comparison between 1970 census data showed its
residents to be very much like those of Inglewood in age, race, and socio economic background. The
main difference was the jet noise level: about 90 decibels in Inglewood, 60 to 65 in El Segundo.

In 1871 study to British psychiatrists produced the same results. Mental hospital admissions
were 31 percent higher among people living close to London’s Heathrow Airport than among those who
lived farther away.

36. Which of the following statements best expresses the controlling thought of the selection?
1. Jet noise causes mental illness.
2. Jet noise and mental illness are related.
3. Studies reveal that mental illness could result from jet noise.
4. Airport residents are found to be prone to mental illness.
 5. Living near the airport can result to mental illness

37. Which of the following statements best exemplifies the main topic of the first paragraph?
1. The 1970 study explores the relationship of mentally ill patients and jet noise.
2. The 1970 study shows mental hospital admission is related to airport location.
3. The 1970 study indicates living close to the airport results in more mental patients.
4. The 1970 study reveals that jet noise causes mental illness.
5. The 1970 study extricates mental illness to jet noise.
38. Which of the following statements best conveys the conclusion?
1. Jet noise exacerbates mental illness.
2. Jet noise contributes to mental illness.
3. The power of jet noise over people’s mental health is appalling.
4. People living near airports become mentallt ill.
5. People should avoid residing near airports.
39. What is the best title for the selection?
1. The Power of Jet Noise
2. A Comparison of Two Surveys
3. The Difference Between Jet Noise and Mental Illness
4. Cities of Los Angeles and El Segundo Compared
5. Linking Mental Illness, Jet Noise, And Airport

For item 40

DIRECTIONS: This section contains selections that have to be outlined. This is to test your ability to
recognize relationships between or among ideas about particular topics. Study each selection carefully
and answer the questions that follow. Encircle your answer.

According to Ronald Dore, scholng has become a mere process of certificating or “credentialing”
for some people. This Kind of schooling is not education but only a qualification. Eduation aims for
mastery of knowledge, while the process of qualification is concerned with being certified as having
mastered. Education trains one to do the job while qualification trains one to get a job.

40. Which of the following best presens an outline of the selection?

1. I. Two kinds of schooling 4.I. Education
A. Education A. Targets mastery of knowledge
1. Mastery of knowledge B. Trains one to do a job
B. Qualification II.Qualification
1. Certification of having mastered A. Aims at certification of having mastered
C. Education B.Trains one to get a job
1. To do a job
 D. Qualification 5. I.Education
1. To get a job A. Mastery of knowldge

B. Prepares one for a job

2.A. Education aims for mastery and doing a job. II. Qualification

B. Qualification aims for certification and getting a job. A. Certification

B. Helps one get a job

3.I. Objectives

A. Education

1. Mastery

2. Job- orientation

B. Qualification

1. Certification

2. Landing a job

For items 41-45

DIRECTIONS: In each of the following items, a related pair of words is followed by five numbered
pairs of words. Choose the pair that expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the
original pair. Encircle your answer.

41. CIRCUMVENT: OBSTACLE:: ________________:_________________________:

1. immolate:sacrifice 4. tune: instrument
2. remove: residue 5. navigate : dock
3. detour :impasse

42. NOISE: DIN :_____________________:_________________________:

1. magnate: merchant 4. remission : relapse
2. celebration: revelry 5. crime: felony
3. humuliation: pratfall
43. FERTILE: PROGENCY:_____________________:____________________:
1. inept: ability 4. squalor: filth
2. affable: insight 5. verdant: vegetation
3. plethora: dearth
44. ASYLUM: REFUGE:________________________:___________________:
1.parlor:living room 4. Refectory: dining room
2. ballast: stability 5. Barracks: battle field
3. manometer: temperature

45. BEAD: WATER:______________________:____________________________:

1. grain:wheat 4. mote:dust
2. sleet: flurry 5.temperature: degree
3. zenith: mountain