Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability–ICEETS’18.

St.Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, TamilNadu, India, from 5th to 7th April, 2018.
Available in SSRN eLibrary of ELSEVIER

DIRECT SPACE VECTOR MODULATED MATRIX CONVERTER

Arya S1 Dr. Nisha G. K2
PG Scholar, Dept of EEE, Associate Professor, Dept of EEE,
Mar Baselios College of Engineering and Mar Baselios College of Engineering and
Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India. Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
aryaprabhakaran20@gmail.com nishacharu@gmail.com

Abstract — Matrix converter has emerged as a best substitution of the conventional converters due to the
capability of power regeneration, the sinusoidal input and output waveforms, and no need for energy
storage. MC is a single-stage converter having sinusoidal input as well as output voltage and current. It
has an array of m X n bidirectional power switches to connect m-phase voltage source to an n-phase load.
The main objective of the project is to generate and compare sinusoidal voltage using indirect space
vector modulated more over direct modulated matrix converter for different power electronic
applications. By this approach, we can reduce the complexity of Space vector modulated multilevel
inverters. In order to explain about the proposed SVM technique, the switching configurations of matrix
converter used in SVM techniques is assumed that the current and the voltage of MC are entirely
constant within one sampling period.

Keywords—Voltage Source Inverters, Matrix Converter, Direct Space Vector Modulation, Duty Ratio.

I. INTRODUCTION
AC-AC power conversion has to be taking place in most of the power electronics applications to provide
required voltage and frequency. Usually rectifier – inverter unit is used for AC- AC conversion [1]. The
drawback of this method is the presence of harmonics. The matrix converters, fed by three - phase sinusoidal
source with constant frequency and amplitude are an array of controlled nine bidirectional semi-conductor
switches connected in the matrix form [2-4]. It has attractive advantages that have been investigated in last few
years. Selection of suitable Switching schemes is needed for power electronic converter which is difficult in the
area of ac drives. While using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for the control of the power electronic converter,
duty ratio input should be in a specific range or it will responsible for instability issues. Thus, the power
conversion stage is playing a pivot role to overcome this issue. So Space vector pulse width modulation is one
of the recent techniques used for the switching of the power electronic circuits. A hybrid voltage–current model
flux observer used to estimate stator flux on MC fed PMSM for the entire speed range via two PI controllers [4].
In order to effectively use all MC space vectors, changes of torque, flux and input reactive charge caused by all
MC switching states are analyzed, and four enhanced switching tables are established [5-7]. Based on those
tables, the proposed method can reduce the standard deviations of torque and flux by more than 30%, and
reduce the THD of input current by nearly 9% [8].This paper describes the way to compare two methods of
switching pulse generation on matrix converter fed AC machines for various power electronic application. The
two methods to be compared are Direct Space Vector Modulation and Indirect Space vector Modulation.

II. MATRIX CONVERTER

Matrix Converters are following single stage AC-DC-AC double conversion topology. Matrix converter is a
power converter with interesting properties such as controllable input power factor, bidirectional power flow,
and high quality input and output currents [9-12]. Here in the absence of additional passive elements like DC
capacitors or inductors the conversion is taking place. The topology is proposed in variable speed drives(VSDs)

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 Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability–ICEETS’18.
St.Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, TamilNadu, India, from 5th to 7th April, 2018.
Available in SSRN eLibrary of ELSEVIER

and Wind Energy Conversion system(WECS), which is yet to be popular. Modulation algorithms are
determining the switching states of MC. Differentmodulation algorithms such asAlesina- Venturini (AV)
method, optimum AV method, space vector modulation (SVM) [13], and duty cycle space vector (DCSV) have
been proposed. Since our supply and load will be three phase. so a 3 X3 matrix converter with nine switches
can be used. Its typical circuit diagramof a 3 X 3 MC is shoun in Figure.1. The switching function of a single
switch is defining as,

(1)

Figure 1. Cırcuıt Diagram of a 3X3 Matrix converter

Since there are nine bidirectional switches, there will be 2 9 combination of swiching states. But input terminals
should not be short circuited and output terminals should not be open circuited, the swiching states are reduced
from 512- 27 [14]. The bidirectional swiching combinations can be diode common collector, configuration and
common emitter configuration. The relation between the input and output voltage and current of matrix
converter can be stated as,

U0 = T * U I (2)

II = T T * Io (3)

Where T is the trasformation matrix. Also, output voltage and the input current space vectors of MC are
represented in terms of input current ange, βi and output voltage angle, αo as shown in (3) and (4).

Uo = ( Ua + a Ub + a2 Uc) = Uo max ejαo (4)

Ii = ( Ia + a Ib + a2 Ic) = Iimax ejβi (5)

III. DIRECT SPACE VECTOR MODULATION

Space Vector Modulation (SVM) consists of a set of vectors that are defined as instantaneous space vectors of
input and output voltage as well as current with low switching loss and THD [7]. It can be direct or indirect
space vector modulation. In the direct space vector modulation, we are proving constant voltage and current.
Here, the abc three phase components are converted to alpha-beta components using Clarke transform. Next step
is to calculate angles for sector division and get six active voltage vectors. This sector division should be done
on both voltage and current model.

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 Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability–ICEETS’18.
St.Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, TamilNadu, India, from 5th to 7th April, 2018.
Available in SSRN eLibrary of ELSEVIER

A. Calculation of Duty Ratio

The duty ratio for current and voltage model can be expressed as follow.

D1= m*sin(θv)*sin(pi/3- θi) (6)

D2= m*sin(θv)*sin(θi) (7)

D3= m*sin(pi/3- θv)*sin(pi/3- θi) (8)

D4= m*sin(pi/3- θv)*sin(θi) (9)

Where, m is the modulation index and D1, D2, D3 & D4 are the duty ratios. D1, D2, D3 & D4 are comparing
with a reference frequency. Its output will be given in odd and even section to generate switching pulses for
Matrix Converter [15]. The total duty cycle must be the unit at a fixed sampling frequency.

D0=1−D1+D2+D3+D4 (10)

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

A Matrix Converter speed was studied using direct space vector modulation technique in this paper. This has
been verified using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Parameters used are shown in the Table.1.The
MATLAB/SIMULINK model of Matrix converter with pulses is shown in figure.2. Figure.3 is the
MATLAB/SIMULINK model of pulse generation by DSVM. The sector Representation and angle are shown in
Figure.4 and Figure.5 for current and voltage model. The simulation waveform of duty ratio is depicted in
Figure.6.

The reference pulse at 5 KHz is given in Figure 7 and the nine switching pulses in the Matrix converter
bidirectional switches are depicted in Figure 8. The input at 230V, 50 Hz supply is in Figure 9. The output
voltage can be varied by varying the input filter. So those variations can be seen in Figure 10 and the figure.11 is
given to study the variation in output current of MC. In some applications, it is very difficult to handle large
load at low speed. We can overcome this problem by implementing a hybrid voltage – current model to generate
pulses using DSVM.

Table 1. Parameters

Parameter value

Ua = U b = U c 230V

Ra =Rb = Rc 14 Ω

La = Lb = Lc 1mH

Ca =Cb = Cc 40 micro F

V* 0.8V

I* 0.8V

Ref Frequency 5kHz

RA = RB = RC 10 Ω

LA = LB = LC 2mH

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 Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability–ICEETS’18.
St.Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, TamilNadu, India, from 5th to 7th April, 2018.
Available in SSRN eLibrary of ELSEVIER

Figure 2. Matlab model of matrix converter with DSVM

Figure 3. MATLAB/SIMULINKmodel of pulse generation by DSVM

Figure 4.Simulation waveformsof Angle, sector representation and Modulation Index for Voltage model.

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 Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability–ICEETS’18.
St.Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, TamilNadu, India, from 5th to 7th April, 2018.
Available in SSRN eLibrary of ELSEVIER

Figure5.MATLAB-SIMULINK Simulation waveformsof Angle & sector representation for current model.

Figure 6. Waveforms of Duty ratio(D1, D2, D3 &D4)

Figure 7. Reference pulse at 5 KHz

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Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability–ICEETS’18.
St.Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, TamilNadu, India, from 5th to 7th April, 2018.
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Figure 8. swiching pulses for MC

Figure 9. Input voltage and current of MC

Figure .10 Output voltage of MC

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 Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability–ICEETS’18.
St.Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, TamilNadu, India, from 5th to 7th April, 2018.
Available in SSRN eLibrary of ELSEVIER

Figure .11 Output voltage of MC

IV. CONCLUSIONS
For the generation of pulses, the single stage converter, Matrix Converters is efficiently use direct modulation
technique. Here, the duty ratio is calculated for current and voltage stage at alpha – beta environment. The
output voltage can be varies by varying the reference voltage, reference current, reference frequency as well the
parameters in input filter. If the sum of sectors of rectifier and inverter is odd then its switching states will be
different that of even. Switching time can be reduced by means of different attractive methods. An equivalent
circuit model has been developed based on the dynamic equations of the MC to simplify the MC analysis and
accelerate the simulations.

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 Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability–ICEETS’18.
St.Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, TamilNadu, India, from 5th to 7th April, 2018.
Available in SSRN eLibrary of ELSEVIER

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