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Comparison of Different Filtering/Smoothing Filters in Digital Image Processing

The document compares different filtering/smoothing techniques in digital image processing using MATLAB. It analyzes the guided filter, Gaussian filter, median filter, and bilateral filter on an input image, comparing the smoothed areas of each. The guided filter performs well in terms of quality and efficiency by preserving edges while reducing noise and computational complexity compared to other methods. Key learning outcomes include introducing common image processing techniques in MATLAB such as filtering, enhancement, and segmentation.

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Stella Selvakumar
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104 views5 pages

Comparison of Different Filtering/Smoothing Filters in Digital Image Processing

The document compares different filtering/smoothing techniques in digital image processing using MATLAB. It analyzes the guided filter, Gaussian filter, median filter, and bilateral filter on an input image, comparing the smoothed areas of each. The guided filter performs well in terms of quality and efficiency by preserving edges while reducing noise and computational complexity compared to other methods. Key learning outcomes include introducing common image processing techniques in MATLAB such as filtering, enhancement, and segmentation.

Uploaded by

Stella Selvakumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Domain: MATLAB

Technology: Image Processing

COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT FILTERING/SMOOTHING FILTERS IN


DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
Abstract
Filtering is perhaps the most fundamental operation of image processing and computer vision. In
the broadest sense of the term “filtering,” the value of the filtered image at a given location is a
function of the values of the input image in a small neighborhood of the same location. Here, in
this work we will compare the quality and efficiency of several filtering/smoothing techniques
with respective of their smoothing value and neighborhood size. Some of the filtering techniques
are guided, gaussian, median and bilateral. Experiments show that the guided filter performs very
well in terms of both quality and efficiency.
Keywords: Filtering/Smoothing, Guided Filter, Gaussian Filter, Median Filter, Bilateral Filter.

Existing Method:
A bilateral filter is a non-linear, edge-preserving, and noise-reducing smoothing filter for images.
It replaces the intensity of each pixel with a weighted average of intensity values from nearby
pixels. This weight can be based on a Gaussian distribution. Crucially, the weights depend not
only on Euclidean distance of pixels, but also on the radiometric differences (e.g., range
differences, such as color intensity, depth distance, etc.). This preserves sharp edges.
Disadvantages:
 Staircase effect – intensity plateaus that lead to images appearing like cartoons
 Gradient reversal – introduction of false edges in the image.

Proposed Method:

 Guided Filter:
Guided filter is a kind of edge-preserving smoothing filter. Same as bilateral filter, this image
filter can also filter out noise or texture while retaining sharp edges.
Unlike the bilateral filter, the guided image filter has two advantages: first, Bilateral filters have
very high computational complexity, but the guided image filter does not use too complicated
mathematical calculations which has linear computational complexity. Furthermore, due to the

Web: www.takeoffprojects.com Phone: 08772261612


Email: info@takeoffprojects.com +91-9030333433
Domain: MATLAB
Technology: Image Processing

mathematical model, bilateral filters sometimes have unwanted gradient reversal artifacts and


cause image distortion. While the guided image filter, since the filter is mathematically based on
linear combination, the output image must be consistent with the gradient direction of the
guidance image, and the problem of gradient reversal does not occur.

Input Image

Neighborhood Size &

Degree of Smoothing

1. Guided 2. Gaussian 3. Median 4. Bilateral


Filtering Smoothing Filter Filter Filtering

Comparing smoothen area


by zooming the images
using figure window tools

Block Diagram
 Gaussian Filter:
In image processing, a Gaussian blur (also known as Gaussian smoothing) is the result of
blurring an image by a Gaussian function (named after mathematician and scientist Carl
Friedrich Gauss).
It is a widely used effect in graphics software, typically to reduce image noise and reduce detail.
The visual effect of this blurring technique is a smooth blur resembling that of viewing
the image through a translucent screen, distinctly different from the bokeh effect produced by an
out-of-focus lens or the shadow of an object under usual illumination.
Gaussian smoothing is also used as a pre-processing stage in computer vision algorithms in order
to enhance image structures at different scales—see scale space representation and scale space
implementation.
Web: www.takeoffprojects.com Phone: 08772261612
Email: info@takeoffprojects.com +91-9030333433
Domain: MATLAB
Technology: Image Processing

 Median Filter:
Median filtering is a nonlinear process useful in reducing impulsive, or salt-and-pepper noise. It
is also useful in preserving edges in an image while reducing random noise. Impulsive or salt-
and pepper noise can occur due to a random bit error in a communication channel. In a median
filter, a window slides along the image, and the median intensity value of the pixels within the
window becomes the output intensity of the pixel being processed.

Advantages:
 In image processing filters are mainly used to suppress either the high frequencies in the
image, i.e., smoothing the image, or the low frequencies, i.e., enhancing or detecting
edges in the image.
 Reduces noise in an image. Noise reduction is one of the main use cases of Gaussian
smoothing.

Applications:
 Wide range of applications such as image restoration, visual tracking, image
registration, image segmentation, and image classification, where obtaining the original
image content is crucial for strong performance. 

Software & Hardware Requirements:

Software: Matlab R2018a or above


Hardware:
Operating Systems:
 Windows 10
 Windows 7 Service Pack 1
 Windows Server 2019
 Windows Server 2016
Processors:

Web: www.takeoffprojects.com Phone: 08772261612


Email: info@takeoffprojects.com +91-9030333433
Domain: MATLAB
Technology: Image Processing

Minimum: Any Intel or AMD x86-64 processor


Recommended: Any Intel or AMD x86-64 processor with four logical cores and AVX2
instruction set support
Disk:
Minimum: 2.9 GB of HDD space for MATLAB only, 5-8 GB for a typical installation
Recommended: An SSD is recommended A full installation of all MathWorks products may take
up to 29 GB of disk space
RAM:
Minimum: 4 GB
Recommended: 8 GB

Learning outcomes:
 Introduction to Matlab
 What is EISPACK & LINPACK
 How to start with MATLAB
 About Matlab language
 Matlab coding skills
 About tools & libraries
 Application Program Interface in Matlab
 About Matlab desktop
 How to use Matlab editor to create M-Files
 Features of Matlab
 Basics on Matlab
 What is an Image/pixel?
 About image formats
 Introduction to Image Processing
 How digital image is formed
 Importing the image via image acquisition tools
 Analyzing and manipulation of image.
 Phases of image processing:

Web: www.takeoffprojects.com Phone: 08772261612


Email: info@takeoffprojects.com +91-9030333433
Domain: MATLAB
Technology: Image Processing

 Acquisition
 Image enhancement
 Image restoration
 Color image processing
 Image compression
 Morphological processing
 Segmentation etc.,
 How to extend our work to another real time applications
 Project development Skills
o Problem analyzing skills
o Problem solving skills
o Creativity and imaginary skills
o Programming skills
o Deployment
o Testing skills
o Debugging skills
o Project presentation skills
o Thesis writing skills

Web: www.takeoffprojects.com Phone: 08772261612


Email: info@takeoffprojects.com +91-9030333433

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