Important Questions for Class 12

Maths
Chapter 2 – Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Very Short Answer Questions. 1 Mark

1. Write the principal value
 3
(i). Write the principal value of sin −1  − .
 2 
 3
Ans: Let sin −1  − =x
 2 
Taking sine on both sides we get,
3
sin ( x ) = −
2
 3
But, the principal value of sin   is and we know that and
3 2
sin ( − x ) = − sin ( x ) .
  3
 sin  −  = −
 3 2

x = −
3
 3 
Hence, the principal value of sin −1  −  is − .
 2  3

 3
(ii). Write the principal value of cos −1  .
 2 
 3
Ans: Let cos−1  =x
 2 
Taking cosine on both sides we get,
3
cos ( x ) =
2
 3
But, the principal value of cos   is .
6 2
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 
x =
6
 3 
Hence, the principal value of cos −1   is .
 2  6

 1 
(iii). Write the principal value of tan −1  − .
 3
 1 
Ans: Let tan −1  − =x
 3
Taking tan on both sides we get,
1
tan ( x ) = −
3
 1
But, the principal value of tan   is and we know that and
6 3
tan ( − x ) = − tan ( x ) .
  1
 tan  −  = −
 6 3

x = −
6
 1  
Hence, the principal value of tan −1  −  is − .
 3 6

(iv). Write the principal value of cosec−1 ( −2 ) .

Ans: Let cosec−1 ( −2 ) = x
Taking cosec on both sides we get,
cosec ( x ) = −2
 1 
But, the principal value of sin   is i.e., the principal value of cosec   is
6 2 6
2 and we know that and cosec ( − x ) = −cosec ( x ) .
 
 cosec  −  = −2
 6

x = −
6

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 
Hence, the principal value of cosec−1 ( −2 ) is − .
6

 1 
(v). Write the principal value of cot −1  .
 3
 1 
Ans: Let cot −1  =x
 3
Taking cot on both sides we get,
1
cot ( x ) =
3
 
But, the principal value of tan   is 3 i.e., the principal value of cot   is
3 3
1
.
3
 1
 cot   =
3 3

x =
3
 1  
Hence, the principal value of cot −1   is .
 3 3

(vi). Write the principal value of sec−1 ( −2 ) .

Ans: Let sec −1 ( −2 ) = x
Taking sec on both sides we get, sec ( x ) = −2
 2  1  2 
But, the principal value of cos   is − i.e., the principal value of sec  
 3  2  3 
is −2 .
 2 
 sec   = −2
 3 
2
x =
3
2
Hence, the principal value of sec−1 ( −2 ) is .
3

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(vii). Write the principal value of
 3 −1  1  −1  1  .
sin −1  −  + cos  −  + tan  − 
 2   2  3
 3
Ans: Let sin −1  − =x
 2 
Taking sine on both sides we get,
3
sin ( x ) = −
2
 3
But, the principal value of sin   is and we know that and
 
3 2
sin ( − x ) = − sin ( x )
  3
 sin  −  = −
 3 2

x = −
3
 1
Let cos −1  −  = y
 2
Taking cosine on both sides we get,
1
cos ( y ) = −
2
 2  1
But, the principal value of cos   is − .
 3  2
 2  1
 cos   = −
 3  2
2
y =
3
 1 
Let tan −1  − =z
 3
Taking tan on both sides we get,
1
tan ( z ) = −
3
 1
But, the principal value of tan   is and we know that and
6 3
tan ( − x ) = − tan ( x ) .

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   1
 tan  −  = −
 6 3

z = −
6
 3 −1  1  −1  1  is
Hence, the principal value of sin −1  −  + cos  −  + tan  − 
 2   2  3
x + y + z.
 2  
− + − = .
3 3 6 6

2. Write the value of the function.

 1  −1  2  .
(i). What is the value of the function tan −1   − sec  
 3  3
 1 
Ans: Let tan −1  =x
 3
Taking tan on both sides we get,
1
tan ( x ) =
3
 1
But, the principal value of tan   is .
6 3
 1
 tan   =
6 3

x =
6
 2 
Let sec−1  =y
 3
Taking sec on both sides we get,
2
sec ( y ) =
3
 3
But, the principal value of cos   is
6 2
 2
 sec   =
6 3

y =
6

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  1  −1  2  is x + y .
Hence, the principal value of tan −1   − sec  
 3  3
 
 − = 0.
6 6

 1  3
(ii). What is the value of the function sin −1  −  − cos −1  .
 2  2 
 1
Ans: Let sin −1  −  = x
 2
Taking sine on both sides we get,
1
sin ( x ) = −
2
 1
But, the principal value of sin   is and we know that sin ( − x ) = − sin ( x ) .
6 2
  1
 sin  −  = −
 6 2

x = −
6
 3
Let cos−1  =y
 2 
Taking cos on both sides we get,
3
cos ( y ) =
2
 3
But, the principal value of cos   is
6 2
 3
 cos   =
6 2

y =
6
 1  3
Hence, the principal value of sin −1  −  − cos −1   is x - y .
 2  2 
  
− − =− .
6 6 3

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(iii). What is the value of the function tan −1 ( 1) − cot −1 ( −1) .
Ans: Let tan −1 (1) = x
Taking tan on both sides we get, tan ( x ) = 1

But, the principal value of tan   is 1 .
4

 tan   = 1
4

x =
4
Let cot −1 ( −1) = y
Taking cot on both sides we get, cot ( y ) = −1
 3 
But we know that principal value of cot   = −1 .
 4
 3 
 cot   = −1
 4
3
y =
4
Hence, the principal value of tan −1 (1) − cot −1 ( −1) is x - y
 3 
 − =− .
4 4 2

(iv). What is the value of the function cosec−1 ( 2 ) + sec−1 ( 2 ) .

  1
Ans: We know that the principal value of sin   ,cos   is .
4 4 2
Let cosec −1 ( 2 ) = x and sec−1 ( 2 ) = y
Taking cosec on both sides of first equation and sec on both sides of second
equation we get, cosec ( x ) = 2 and sec ( y ) = 2 .
  1
But, the principal value of sin   ,cos   is and
4 4 2
1 1
cosec ( x ) = ,sec ( x ) = .
sinx cosx
 
cosec   = 2 and sec   = 2 .
4 4
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 
x = y =
4
Hence, the principal value of cosec−1 ( 2 ) + sec−1 ( 2 ) is x + y .
  
 + = .
4 4 2

(v). What is the value of the function tan −1 ( 1) + cot −1 ( 1) + sin −1 ( 1) .

Ans: Let tan −1 (1) = x
Taking tan on both sides we get, tan ( x ) = 1

But, the principal value of tan   is 1 .
4

 tan   = 1
4

x =
4
Let cot −1 (1) = y

Using the trigonometric identity cot −1 ( x ) = − tan −1 ( x ) we get
2

y= − tan −1 (1)
2

But, tan −1 (1) = (proved above)
4

y =
4
Let sin −1 (1) = z
Taking sine on both sides we get, sin ( z ) = 1

But, the principal value of sin   is 1 .
2

 sin   = 1
2

z =
2
Hence, the principal value of tan −1 (1) + cot −1 (1) + sin −1 (1) is x + y + z .

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   
 + + = .
4 4 2

 4 
(vi). What is the value of the function sin −1  sin  .
 5 
 4 
Ans: Let sin −1  sin  = x
 5 
4
Taking sine on both sides we get, sin = sin x .
5
 4    
Writing sin   as sin   −  = sin   .
 5   5 5

x =
5
 4  
Hence, the principal value of sin −1  sin  is .
 5  5

 5 
(vii). What is the value of the function tan −1  tan  .
 6 
 5 
Ans: Let tan −1  tan  = x
 6 
5
Taking tan on both sides we get, tan = tan x
6
 5    
Writing tan   as tan   −  = − tan   . Also, we know that
 6   6 6
tan ( − x ) = − tan ( x ) .

x = −
6
 5  
Hence, the principal value of tan −1  tan  is − .
 6  6

3 
(viii). What is the value of the function cosec−1  cosec .
 4 
 3 
Ans: Let cosec−1  cosec 
 4 
3
Taking cosec on both sides we get, cosec = cos ec ( x )
4
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  3    
Writing cosec   as cosec   −  = cosec   .
 4   4 4

x =
4
 3  
Hence, the principal value of cosec−1  cosec  is .
 4  4

Short Answer Questions 4 Marks

 1 + cos x + 1 − cos x   x
3. Show that tan −1   = + , x   0,   .
 1 + cos x − 1 − cos x  4 2
Ans: Using the trigonometric identities
x x
1 + cos x = 2cos   and 1 − cos x = 2sin   we get,
2 2
 x x
 2cos   + 2sin   
 1 + cos x + 1 − cos x  2  2  ……(1)
tan −1  −1
 = tan  
 1 + cos x − 1 − cos x   x   x 
 2cos   − 2sin   
 2 2
x
Dividing the numerator and denominator of (1) by 2cos   we get,
2
 x
 1 + tan  
− 1  1 + cos x + 1 − cos x  −1  2  ……(2)
tan   = tan  
 1 + cos x − 1 − cos x   1 − tan  x  
  2
 x+y 
Now using the identity, tan −1   = tan −1 ( x ) + tan −1 ( y ) on equation (2) we
 1 − xy 
get,
 1 + cos x + 1 − cos x  −1   x  
tan −1  −1
 = tan (1) + tan  tan   
 1 + cos x − 1 − cos x    2 
 x
 +
4 2

 cos x 
4. Show that tan −1  −1  1 + cos x  =  ,  
 − cot   x   0,  .
 1 − sin x   1 − cos x  4  2
Ans: Using the trigonometric identities
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 x x  1 + cos x 
1 + cos x = 2cos   and 1 − cos x = 2sin   on cot −1   we get,
2 2  1 − cos x 
 x
 2cos   
 1 + cos x 
cot −1  −1
 = cot 
 2
 1 − cos x   2sin  x  
 

 2
  x 
 cot −1  cot   
  2 
But we know that cot −1 ( cot x ) = x , therefore,
 1 + cos x  −1   x  
cot −1   = cot  cot   
 1 − cos x    2 
x

2
Let it be known as equation (1)
 cos x 
Now let us solve tan −1   .….. (2)
 1 − sin x 
x x x x
Using the identities 1 = sin 2   + cos 2   and sin x = 2sin   cos   in the
2 2 2 2
denominator of (2) we ge
 
 cos x   
tan −1  −1  cos x
 = tan 
 1 − sin x   sin 2  x  2  x   x   x  
   + cos   − 2sin   cos   
 2 2  2  2
 
 
   
 tan −1  −1
cos x cos x
 = tan  2
 1 − sin x    cos  x  − sin  x   
     
 2  2  
Let it be known as equation (3).
x x
Now using the identity cos x = cos 2   − sin 2   in the numerator of (3) we
2 2
get,

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  x   x  
 x   x
  cos   − sin      cos   + sin     
−1  cos x  − 1   2  2    2   2    .…..(4)
tan   = tan  
 1 − sin x    x   x  
2
  cos   − sin    
 
    2  
2 
 x  x 
Cancelling the  cos   − sin    term from numerator and denominator of (4)
 2  2 
we get
  x  + sin  x  
 cos    
−1  cos x  − 1  2 2
tan   = tan   .…..(5)
 1 − sin x   cos   − sin   
x x
 2 2
x
Simplifying it further by taking cos   common from both numerator and
2
denominator of (5) we get,
 x
 1 + tan   
 cos x  2
tan −1  −1
 = tan   .…..(6)
 1 − sin x   x 
 1 − tan   
  2
 x+y 
Now using the identity, tan −1   = tan −1 ( x ) + tan −1 ( y ) on (6) we get,
 1 − xy 
 cos x 
tan −1  −1 −1   x  
 = tan (1) + tan  tan   
 1 − sin x    2 
 cos x   x
 tan −1  = +
 1 − sin x  4 2
Let it be known as equation (7).
Using equations (1) and (7) we get
 cos x 
tan −1  − −1  1 + cos x  =  + x − x
 cot  
 1 − sin x   1 − cos x  4 2 2

 tan −1 
 cos x 
− −1  1 + cos x  = 
 cot  
 1 − sin x   1 − cos x  4

5. Show that

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    2 
 x a − x2
tan −1  − −
 = sin   = cos  
x 1 1
 2 2 a  a 
 a −x   
 
Ans: Using the trigonometric substitution x = asin  in tan −1 
x
 we
 2 2
 a −x 
get,
   a sin  
tan −1  −
x 1
 = tan   .…..(1)
 2 2  2 2 2 
 a −x   a − a sin  
Taking out a common from the denominator of (1) and cancelling out with
numerator we get
   sin  
tan −1 
x
 −1
= tan   .…..(2)
 2 2  2 
 a −x   1 − sin  
Using the trigonometric identity 1 − sin 2 x = cos x in the denominator of (2) we
get,
  sin  
−  = tan −1 
1 x
tan  
 2 2   cos  
 a −x 
 
 tan − 1 x
 = tan −1 ( tan() )
 2 2
 a −x 
Let it be known as equation (3).
Using the result tan −1 ( tan x ) = x in (3) we get
 
tan −1 
x
 =  .…..(4)
 2 2
 a −x 
Let us now resubstitute
x = a sin 
x
  = sin −1  
a
In equation (4) we get,
 
tan −1   = sin −1  
x x
.…..(5)
 2 2 a
 a −x 
Now, from x = asin  we get

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 13

 x
sin  = . Hence, using the trigonometric identity
a
sin 2  + cos 2  = 1 we get,
2
x 2
  + cos  = 1
a
x2
 cos2  = 1 −
a2
a2 − x2
 cos  =
a2
Let this be known as equation (6).
Taking cos −1 on both sides of (6) we get,
 2 
− −  a − x2 
cos ( cos  ) = cos
1 1
 a 
 
 2 
−1  a − x2 
  = cos
 a 
 
From equation (4) we get,
   2 2
− x − a − x
1
tan   = cos 1 
 2 2   a 
 a −x   .

6. Show that
  8    8   300 
cot −1  2tan  cos−1   + tan −1  2tan  sin−1   = tan −1  
  17     17    161 
Ans: Let us first change cos−1
8
into the form of tan inverse.
17
Let cos −1
8
=x
17
Taking cosine on both sides we get
 8
cos  cos −1  = cos x
 17 
8
 cos x =
17
Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 14
Let this be known as equation (1).
Now using the trigonometric identity sin 2  = 1 − cos 2  we get,
2
8
sin 2 x = 1 −  
 17 
15
 sin x =
17
Let this be known as equation (2).
From (1) and (2),
sin x
tan x =
cos x
15
 tan x =
8
Let this be known as equation (3).
Taking tan −1 on both sides of equation (3) we get,
 15 
tan −1 ( tan x ) = tan −1  
8
 15 
 x = tan −1  
8
Let this be known as equation (4).
Similarly let us now change sin −1
8
into the form of tan inverse.
17
Let sin −1
8
=y
17
Taking sine on both sides we get
 8
sin  sin −1  = sin y
 17 
8
 sin y =
17
Let this be known as equation (5).
Now using the trigonometric identity cos 2  = 1 − sin 2  on (5) we get,
2
2 8
cos y = 1 −  
 17 
15
 cos y =
17
Let this be known as equation (6).
From (5) and (6),
Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 15
 sin y
tan y =
cos y
8
 tan y =
15
Let this be known as equation (7).
Taking tan −1 on both sides of equation (7) we get,
8
tan −1 ( tan y ) = tan −1  
 15 
8
 y = tan −1  
 15 
Let this be known as equation (8).
Substituting these values from (4) and (8) in the original equation we get,
  8    8 
cot −1  2 tan  cos−1   + tan −1  2 tan  sin −1  
  17     17  
  15     8 
= cot −1  2 tan  tan −1   + tan −1  2 tan  tan −1  
  8    15  
  8    8   15   16 
 cot −1  2 tan  cos−1   + tan −1  2 tan  sin −1   = cot −1   + tan −1  
  17     17   4  15 
Let this be known as equation (9).

Now using the trigonometric identity tan −1 x + cot −1 x = on equation (9) we
2
get,
  8    8   15    16 
cot −1  2 tan  cos−1   + tan −1  2 tan  sin −1   = cot −1   + − cot −1  
  17     17   4 2  15 
Let this be known as equation (10).
 xy + 1 
Again, using the trigonometric identity cot −1   = cot −1 ( x ) − cot −1 ( y ) on
 y−x 
(10) we get,
 
  8    8    5 
cot −1  2 tan  cos−1   + tan −1  2 tan  sin −1   = + cot −1 
  17     17   2 16 15 
 − 
 15 4 
  8    8    300 
 cot −1  2 tan  cos−1   + tan −1  2 tan  sin −1   = + cot −1  
  17     17   2  −161 
Let this be known as equation (11).

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 16

Using cot −1 ( x ) = − cot −1 ( x ) on (11) we get,
  8  −1   −1 8    −1  300  .…..(12)
cot −1  2 tan  cos −1
  + tan  2 tan  sin   = − cot  
  17     17   2  161 

Again, using the trigonometric identity tan −1 x + cot −1 x = on (12) we get,
2
  8    8   300 
cot −1  2 tan  cos−1   + tan −1  2 tan  sin −1   = tan −1  
  17     17    161 
Hence proved.

 
− 1  1 + x2 + 1 − x2  =  + 1 cos −1 x 2
7. Show that tan
 2 2  4 2
 1+ x − 1− x 
Ans: To solve this question, substitute x 2 = cos  , therefore,
   1 + cos  + 1 − cos  
− 1 + x2 + 1 − x2 
tan 1  = tan −1   .…..(1)
 2 2   1 + cos  − 1 − cos  
 1+ x − 1− x 
x
Using the trigonometric identities 1 + cos x = 2cos   and
2
x
1 − cos x = 2sin   on equation (1) we get,
2
    + 2sin    
   2cos    
−1  1 + x2 + 1 − x2  = tan −1  2 2
tan  .…..(2)
 2 2      
 1+ x − 1− x   2cos   − 2sin   
 2 2

Taking 2cos   common from numerator and denominator of (2) we get,
2
 
   1 + tan   
−1  1 + x2 + 1 − x2  = tan −1  2
tan  .…..(3)
 2 2    
 1 − tan   
 1+ x − 1− x 
 2
 x+y 
Now using the identity, tan −1   = tan −1 ( x ) + tan −1 ( y ) on (3) we get,
 1 − xy 
 
− 1 + x2 + 1 − x2     
tan 1  = tan −1 (1) + tan −1  tan   
 2 2   2 
 1+ x − 1− x 
Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 17
  2 + 1 − x2   
− 1 + x
 tan  1 = +
 2 2 4 2
 1+ x − 1− x 
Let this be known as equation (4).
Resubstituting x 2 = cos  in (4) we get,
 
− 1 + x2 + 1 − x2  =  + 1 cos −1 x 2
tan 
1
 2 2  4 2
 1+ x − 1− x 
Hence Proved.


8. Solve the following for x : cot −1 2x + cot −1 3x =
4
Ans: To solve this question, use the identity
 xy − 1 
cot −1   = cot −1 ( x ) + cot −1 ( y )
 x+y 
 6x  − 1 
cot −1 2x + cot −1 3x = cot −1  
 5x 
 
Hence,
 6x  − 1  
−
cot 1 = …..(1)
 5x  4
 
Taking cot on both sides we get,
  6x  − 1   
cot  cot −1    = cot  
  5x   4
  
6x  − 1 
 = cot  
5x 4
Let it be known as equation (2).

Solving the equation (2) by substituting the principal value of cot   we get
4
6x  − 1 = 5x
 6x  − 5x − 1 = 0

Simplifying it further we get,

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 18

6x  + ( −6x + x ) − 1 = 0
( 6x + 1)( x − 1) = 0
1
 x = 1, −
6
1
But x = − is not possible. Therefore,
6
x = 1.

m m−n 
9. Show that tan −1   − tan −1   = , m,n  0
n m+n 4
Ans: To solve this problem use the trigonometric identity,
 x−y 
tan −1   = tan −1 ( x ) − tan −1 ( y )
 1 + xy 
Hence,
 m m−n 
 − 
−1 m −1 m−n −1 n m + n
tan   − tan   = tan   .…..(1)
   +  
 1 +  m − n  m 
  
n m n
  m + n  n  
Simplifying the fractions of equation (1) we get
 
 m2 + n 2 
m
tan −1   − tan −1 
m−n
= −1  n ( m + n ) 
 tan
n m+n   m 2 − mn  
 1 +  
 n (m + n)  
  
m m−n  m2 + n 2 
−1 −1 − 1
 tan   − tan   = tan  2 

n m+n m +n 
2

m m−n
 tan −1   − tan −1  −1
 = tan (1)
n m+n
Let this be known as equation (2).
But we know that,

tan   = 1
4

 tan −1 (1) =
4
Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 19
Hence from equation (2) it is proved that
m m−n 
tan −1   − tan −1   = , m,n  0
 
n  m + n  4

1  2x  1 −1  1 − y 2   x + y
 − 1  =
10. Prove that tan sin   + cos   1 − xy
 2 1+ x 2 2
 1 + y  
2
Ans: To solve this problem use the substitution,
x = tan 
y = tan 
In the LHS of the given expression.
1  2x  1 −1  1 − y 2   1  2 tan   1 −1  1 − tan 2   
 −1     − 1 
tan sin   + cos  
= tan sin   + cos  
 2 2
1+ x  2
 1 + y  
2  2 2
 1 + tan   2
 1 + tan   
2
Let this be known as equation (1).
Using the trigonometric identity
2 tan 
= sin 2
1 + tan 2

1 − tan 2 
= cos 2
2
1 + tan 
From (1) we get,
1  2x  1  2 
tan  sin −1  −1  1 − y   = tan  1 sin −1 sin 2 + 1 cos −1 cos 2 
+
2  2
cos
 1 + y2    2 ( ) ( )
2  1 + x  
2 

1  2x  1  1 − y2  
 − 1 − 1   = tan  +  
 tan sin   + cos 
2  
 1 + y  
2
1+ x  2 2

Let this be known as equation (2).
tan x + tan y
Now using the trigonometric identity, tan ( x + y ) = on equation (2)
1 − tan x tan y
we get,
1  2x  1 −1  1 − y 2   tan  + tan 
tan  sin −1   + cos   = .…..(3)
  −  
 1 + y  
2 2
1+ x  2 2 1 tan tan

Resubstituting  = tan −1 ( x ) and  = tan −1 ( y ) in equation (3) we get,

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 20

 1 
tan  sin −1 
2x   1 − y2 
+ cos −1 
1
 =
( ) (
tan tan −1 x + tan tan −1 y )
( ) ( )
 −1 −1
  
 1 + y   1 − tan tan x  tan tan y
2 2
1+ x  2 2

1  2x  1  1 − y2  x + y
 −1 −1  =
 tan sin   + cos 
   1 − xy
 1 + y  
2 2
1+ x  2 2


 x2 − 1  1  −2x  2
−
11. Solve the following for x : cos 1  + tan −1 
 x2 + 1  2 2 =
  1− x  3
Ans: To solve this question, the substitution x = tan  in the LHS of the given
equation
 x2 − 1  1  2 
cos−1 
 −2x 
 + tan −1  = −1  tan  − 1  + 1 tan −1  −2 tan  
2 
cos  2  
 x2 + 1  2  −  tan 2  + 1  2  −
  1 x   1 tan
Let this be known as equation (1).
2 tan  1 − tan 2 
Using the trigonometric identities = tan 2 and = cos 2
1 − tan 2  1 + tan 2 
From (1) we get,
 x2 − 1  1  −2x 
−
cos 1  + tan −1  = cos −1 ( − cos 2 ) + tan −1 ( − tan 2 ) .…..(2)
1
 x2 + 1  2 
   1 − x2  2
But,
cos−1 − x =  − cos−1 x
( ) ( )
tan −1 ( − x ) = − tan −1 ( x )
Therefore from (2) we get,
 x2 − 1  1  −2x 
−
cos 1  + tan −1  =  − cos−1 ( cos 2 ) − tan −1 ( tan 2 )
1

 x2 + 1  2  1 − x2  2
 
 x2 − 1  1  −2x 
 cos − 1  + tan −1  =  − 2 − 
 x2 + 1  2  − 2 
  1 x
 x2 − 1  1  −2x 
 cos − 1  + tan −1   =  - 3
 x2 + 1  2 1− x  2
 
Let this be known as equation (3).

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 21

Re substituting  = tan −1 ( x ) in equation (3) we get,
 x2 − 1  1  −2x 
cos −1   + tan −1   =  - 3tan −1 x .…..(4)
 x2 + 1  2 2
1− x 
 
 x2 − 1  1  −2x  2
−
But it is given that cos 1  + tan −1  =
2  3
. Therefore from (4)
 x2 + 1  2  −
  1 x
we get,
2
 - 3tan −1 x =
3

 3tan −1 x =
3

 x = tan  
9

1 1 1  1 

12. Prove that tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1   =
 3  5 7  8 4
Ans: To solve this problem use the trigonometric identity,
 x+y 
tan −1   = tan −1 ( x ) + tan −1 ( y ) in the LHS of the given expression
 1 − xy 
Hence,
1 1 1 1
+
3 5  7+8 
−1 1 − 1 1 −1 1 −1 1 − 1 − 1
tan   + tan   + tan   + tan   = tan  + tan 
3 5 7 8 1  1 
1−  1− 
 15   56 
1 1 1 1 4 3
 tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1   = tan −1   + tan −1  
3 5 7 8 7  11 
Let this be known as equation (1).
 x+y 
Again, using the trigonometric identity tan −1   = tan −1 ( x ) + tan −1 ( y ) on
 1 − xy 
(1) we get,
4+ 3 
1 1 1 1  
tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1   = tan −1  7 11 
3 5 7 8  1−
12

 77 
1 1 1 1  65 
 tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1   = tan −1  
3 5 7 8  65 
Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 22
 1 1 1 1
 tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1   = tan −1 (1)
3 5 7 8
Let this be known as equation (2).
But we know that,

tan   = 1
4

 tan −1 (1) =
4
Hence from equation (2) it is proved that
1 1 1 1 
tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1   =
3 5 7 8 4

( ) ( )
13. Solve the following for x : tan cos −1 x = sin tan −1 2 , x  0

Ans: To solve this question, write cos −1 x in LHS of the given expression in
terms of tan inverse. Substitute,
cos −1 x = 
 cos  = x
Let this be known as equation (1).
Now using the trigonometric identity sin  = 1 − cos 2  we get from (1),

sin  = 1 − x 2 ……(2)
Hence from (1) and (2) we get,
sin 
tan  =
cos 
1 − x2
 tan  =
x
Let this be known as equation (3).
Taking tan inverse on both sides of equation (3) we get
 
− −  1 − x2 
tan ( tan  ) = tan
1 1
 x 
 
 
− 1  1 − x2 
  = tan
 x 
 
Let this be known as equation (4).
Hence from (4), we get the given equation as
Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 23
   2 

−
tan  tan 1

1 −
x
x
  (
  = sin tan −1 2
)
  


1 − x2
x (
= sin tan −1 2 )
Let this be known as equation (5).
Now again write tan −1 2 from RHS of equation (5) in terms of sine inverse.
Substitute,
tan −1 2 = y
 tan y = 2
Let this be known as equation (6).
Now using the trigonometric identity 1 + tan 2  = sec  from (6) we get,

sec y = 1 + ( 2 )2
 sec y = 5
1
 cos y =
5
Let this be known as equation (7).
Using the trigonometric identity sin  = 1 − cos 2  we get from (7),
2
 1 
sin y = 1 −  
 5
2
 sin y =
5
 2 
 y = sin −1  
 5
Let this be known as equation (8).
Hence from equations (5), (6) and (8) we get,
1 − x2 2
= .…..(9)
x 5
Squaring both sides and cross multiplying we get,

( )
5 1 − x 2 = 4x 2

 5 = 9x 2

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 24

 5
x=
3
(Since  0 )
x

1 1  32 
14. Prove that 2tan −1   + tan −1   = tan −1  
 5  4  43 
Ans: To solve this question, use the trigonometric identity,
 2x 
tan −1   = 2 tan −1 ( x ) in the LHS of the given expression.
 1 − x2 
 1 
 2  
1 1 1
2 tan   + tan   = tan     + tan −1  
− − −
1 1 1 5
5 4  1 2  4

 1 −   
 5 
1 1 5 1
 2 tan −1   + tan −1   = tan −1   + tan −1  
5 4  12  4
Let this be known as equation (1).
 x+y 
Now use the trigonometric identity, tan −1   = tan −1 ( x ) + tan −1 ( y ) on
 1 − xy 
equation (1) we get,
 5 1
− 1 1 − 1 1 − 1  12 + 4 
2 tan   + tan   = tan 
5 4 5 
 1− 
 48 
1 1  32 
 2 tan −1   + tan −1   = tan −1  
5 4  43 

1  3 
15. Evaluate tan  cos −1  
2  11  
 3 
cos −1 
1
Ans: To solve this question, use the substitution  = x in the LHS
2  11 
of the given expression. Therefore,
 3 
cos −1 
1
=x
2  11 
3
 cos 2x =
11
Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 25
Let this be known as equation (1).
1 − tan 2 x
But we know that = cos 2x . Hence from (1) we get,
2
1 + tan x
1 − tan 2 x 3
= .…..(2)
2
1 + tan x 11
Applying the rule of component and divided on equation (2) we get,
1 − tan 2 x + 1 + tan 2 x 3 + 11
=
1 − tan 2 x − 1 − tan 2 x 3 − 11
2 3 + 11
 =
−2 tan 2 x 3 − 11

Let this be known as equation (3).

Taking reciprocal of equation (3) we get,
3 − 11
− tan 2 x =
3 + 11
11 − 3
 tan 2 x =
3 + 11
11 − 3
 tan x =
3 + 11

Let this be known as equation (4).

 3 
Now resubstituting cos −1 
1
 = x in (4) we get,
2  11 
1  3  11 − 3
tan  cos−1   =
2  11   3 + 11

 acos x − bsin x  −1  a 
16. Prove that tan −1   = tan   − x
 bcos x + asin x  b
Ans: To solve this question, take bcos x common from both numerator and
denominator from the LHS of the given equation.
 a − tan x 
 a cos x − bsin x 
tan −1  −1  b 
 = tan  a  .…..(1)
 b cos x + a sin x   1 + tan x 
 b 

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 26

  x−y 
Now use the trigonometric identity, tan −1   = tan −1 ( x ) − tan −1 ( y ) on
 1 + xy 
equation (1) we get,
 a cos x − bsin x  −1  a  − tan −1 tan x
tan −1   = tan   ( )
 bcos x + a sin x  b
 a cos x − bsin x  −1  a 
 tan −1   = tan   − x
 bcos x + a sin x  b

17. Prove that

  1 
( ) ( )
cot  tan −1 x + tan −1    + cos −1 1 − 2x 2 + cos −1 2x 2 − 1 =  , x  0
  x 

Ans: To solve this question, use the trigonometric identity tan −1 x + cot −1 x =
2
  1 
on cot  tan −1 x + tan −1    . Therefore,
  x 
  1     1 
cot  tan −1 x + tan −1    = cot  − cot −1 x + − cot −1   
  x  2 2  x 
  1     1  
 cot  tan −1 x + tan −1    = cot  − cot −1 x + cot −1    
  x     x  
Let this be known as equation (1).
 xy − 1 
Now using the trigonometric identity cot −1   = cot −1 ( x ) + cot −1 ( y ) on
 x+y 
equation (1) we get,
  1 
   x  − 1 
 1 
cot  tan −1 x + tan −1    = cot  − cot −1  x
  x  1 
  x+ 
  x 
  1 

  tan −1 x + tan −1    = cot  − cot −1 ( 0 ) 
  x    
Let this be known as equation (2).
But we know that the principal value of

cot   = 0
2

 cot −1 ( 0 ) =
2
Hence, from equation (2) we get,
Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 27
   1  
cot  tan −1 x + tan −1    = cot  
  x  2
  1 
 cot  tan −1 x + tan −1    = 0
  x 
Let this be known as equation (3).
Also, we know that cos −1 ( − x ) =  − cos −1 ( x ) . Therefore

( ) ( ) ( ) (
cos−1 1 − 2x 2 + cos−1 2x 2 − 1 = cos −1 1 − 2x 2 + cos −1  − −2x 2 + 1 
  )
( ) ( ) ( )
 cos−1 1 − 2x 2 + cos −1 2x 2 − 1 = cos −1 1 − 2x 2 +  − cos −1 2x 2 − 1 ( )
 cos−1 (1 − 2x 2 ) + cos −1 ( 2x 2 − 1) = 
Let this be known as equation (4).
Hence from equations (3) and (4) we get
  1 
( ) (
cot  tan −1 x + tan −1    + cos−1 1 − 2x 2 + cos−1 2x 2 − 1 = 
  x 
)
 a−b  −1  b − c  + tan −1  c − a  = 0 where
18. Prove that tan −1   + tan    
 1 + ab   1 + bc   1 + ac 
a,b,c  0
Ans: To solve this question, use the trigonometric identity,
 x−y 
tan −1   = tan −1 ( x ) − tan −1 ( y ) on the LHS of the given expression.
 1 + xy 
Therefore,
 a−b  −1  b − c  + tan −1  c − a 
tan −1   + tan    
 1 + ab   1 + bc   1 + ac 
( ( ) ( ) )( ( ) ( ) )(
= tan −1 a − tan −1 b + tan −1 b − tan −1 c + tan −1 c − tan −1 a ( ) ( ) )
=0

19. Solve the following for x : 2tan −1 ( cos x ) = tan −1 ( 2cosec x )

Ans: To solve this question, use the trigonometric identity,
 2x 
2 tan −1 ( x ) = tan −1   on the LHS of the given expression
 1 − x2 
 2cos x 
2 tan −1 ( cos x ) = tan −1   .…..(1)
2
 1 − cos x 
Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 28
Using the trigonometric identity sin 2 x = 1 − cos 2 x in the denominator of (1) we
get,
 2cos x 
2 tan −1 ( cos x ) = tan −1   .…..(2)
2
 sin x 
Substituting the value from equation (2) into the given expression we get,
 2cos x 
tan −1   = tan −1 ( 2cosec x ) .…..(3)
 sin 2 x 
Taking tan on both the sides of equation (3) we get,

tan  tan −1 


 2cos x  

 sin 2 x  

 ( )
= tan tan −1 ( 2cosec x )

2cos x
 = 2cosec x
2
sin x
cos x 1
 =
sin 2 x sin x
 cos x = sin x

it is possible only when x = .
4

 
20. Express sin −1  x 1 − x − x 1 − x 2  in the simplest form.
 
Ans: To solve this question, use the substitution x = sin  and x = sin  .
Therefore,
   
sin −1  x 1 − x − x 1 − x 2  = sin −1  sin  1 − sin 2  − sin  1 − sin 2  
   
 
 sin −1  x 1 − x − x 1 − x 2  = sin −1 ( sin  cos  − sin  cos  )
 
Let this be known as equation (1).
But we know that sin a − sin b = sin a cos b − cosa sin b . Hence from (1) we get,
 
sin −1  x 1 − x − x 1 − x 2  = sin −1 ( sin (  −  ) )
 
 
 sin −1  x 1 − x − x 1 − x 2  =  − 
 
Let this be known as equation (2).
Resubstituting x = sin  and x = sin  in equation (2) we get,

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 29

  
sin −1  x 1 − x − x 1 − x 2  = sin −1 ( x ) − sin −1
 
( x)
21. If tan −1 ( a ) + tan −1 ( b ) + tan −1 ( c ) =  then prove that a + b + c = abc .
Ans: To solve this question, use the trigonometric identity,
 x+y 
tan −1   = tan −1 ( x ) + tan −1 ( y ) on the LHS of the given expression.
 1 − xy 
Therefore,
 a + b  .…..(1)
tan −1 ( a ) + tan −1 ( b ) = tan −1  
 1 − ab 
Again, using the same trigonometric identity on the LHS of the given
expression and using (1), we get,
 a+b 
tan −1 ( a ) + tan −1 ( b ) + tan −1 ( c ) = tan −1  −1
 + tan ( c )
 1 − ab 
 a+b 
 + c 
 tan −1 ( a ) + tan −1 ( b ) + tan −1 ( c ) = tan −1  1 − ab 
 1 − c ( a + b ) 
 1 − ab 
 a + b + c − abc 
 tan −1 ( a ) + tan −1 ( b ) + tan −1 ( c ) = tan −1  
 1 − ab − ca − bc 
Let this be known as equation (2).
But it is given that tan −1 ( a ) + tan −1 ( b ) + tan −1 ( c ) =  . Therefore, from equation
(2) we get,
 a + b + c − abc 
tan −1   =  .…..(3)
 1 − ab − ca − bc 
Taking tan on both sides of the equation (3) we get,
  a + b + c − abc  
tan  tan −1    = tan (  )
  1 − ab − ca − bc 
a + b + c − abc
 =0
1 − ab − ca − bc
 a + b + c − abc = 0
Hence proved that if tan −1 ( a ) + tan −1 ( b ) + tan −1 ( c ) =  then a + b + c = abc .

22. If sin −1 x  cos −1 x then x belong to which category?

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 30

Ans: To solve this question, use the trigonometric identity,

sin −1 ( x ) + cos−1 ( x ) =
2.
sin −1 x  cos −1 x

 sin −1 x  − sin −1 x
2

 2sin −1 x 
2

 sin −1 x 
4
Let this be known as expression (1).
Taking sine on both the sides of expression (1) we get,

( ) 
sin sin −1 x  sin  
4

 x  sin  
4
1
x
2
Let this be known as expression (2).
Also, we know that −1  x  1 (since range of sin and cos is  −1,1 ) .…..(3)
 1 
Hence from (2) and (3), the interval in which x belongs is  ,1  .
 2 

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 31