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LInux FIle Tree

The document summarizes the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) which defines the standard directory structure and locations for different types of files and software in Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. Some of the key directories include: /bin and /sbin contain essential binaries and system binaries. /lib contains shared libraries, while /boot has files needed for booting. /etc stores configuration files, /home is for user files, /usr contains shared and read-only files, /var stores log files and files that change in size, and /proc and /sys contain kernel and hardware information. The FHS standardizes file locations to make Linux systems more predictable and interoperable.

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Roberto Blanco
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159 views4 pages

LInux FIle Tree

The document summarizes the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) which defines the standard directory structure and locations for different types of files and software in Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. Some of the key directories include: /bin and /sbin contain essential binaries and system binaries. /lib contains shared libraries, while /boot has files needed for booting. /etc stores configuration files, /home is for user files, /usr contains shared and read-only files, /var stores log files and files that change in size, and /proc and /sys contain kernel and hardware information. The FHS standardizes file locations to make Linux systems more predictable and interoperable.

Uploaded by

Roberto Blanco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Filesystem Herarchi Standard FHS

/ Root directory represented by a forward slash

/bin Binaries can be executed , sometime are called


executable
/sbin Contains binaries to configure the operating
system
/lib Shared libraries used by /bin and /sbin

/lib/modules/ Typically the Linux kernel loads kernel modules


from /lib/modules/$kernel-version
/lib64 or /lib32 The register size used during compilation time of
the libraries(ELF executable link format)
/opt To store optional software you may find empty in
many systems
/boot Contains all files needed to boot the computer

/etc Configuration files , historically stood for etcetera


or Editable Text Configuration
/etc/init.d/ Contains scripts to start and stop daemons

/etc/X11/ The configuration file for your graphical display


is /etc/X11/xorg.conf.
/etc/skel/ The skeleton directory is copied to the home
directory of a newly created user , it usually
conatins hidden files like .bashrc
/etc/sysconfig Contains a lot of RHEL configuration files

/home Users can stores personal or project data under


home
/root The default location for personal data and profile
of the root user
/srv Data served by your system the FHS allos locating
cvs, rsync, ftp and www data in this location on
Sun Solaris /export is used
/media Removable media devices

/mnt Should be used or temporary mount points to be


used for varius remote or local filesystems
/tmp Used by temporiry files either disk or RAM memor

/dev Is populated with files as the kernel is recognising


hardwarre
/dev/tty1 Represents a terminal or console attached tto o
the system
/dev/pts When typing commands in a terminal that is part
of a graphical interface like Gnome or KDE, then
your terminal will be represented as /dev/pts/1
/dev/null Black hole

/proc Proc filesystem with /proc/cpuinfo you can see


the processor information
/proc/interrupts On the x86 architecture, /proc/interrupts displays
the interrupts.
/sys Basically the /sys directory contains kernel
information about hardware. Since linux 2.6 hot
plugging
/usr Unix System resources, shareble, read only data
some people choose the mount to read only.
Basically the /sys directory contains kernel
information about hardware.
/usr/bin Directory contains a lot of commands.

/usr/include Directory contains general use include files for C

/usr/lib Directory contains libraries that are not directly


executed by users or scripts.
/usr/local Directory can by used by an administrator to
install softawre locally
/usr/share contains architecture independent data like
manuals or games
/usr/src The /usr/src directory is the recommended
location for kernel source files.
/var Files that are unpredectible in size

/var/log Directory serves as a central point to contain all


log files
/var/log/messages A typical first file to check when troubleshooting
on Red Hat
/var/cache Cache data

/var/spool directory typically contains spool directories for


mail and cron, but also serves as a parent
directory for other spool files (for example print
spool files).
/var/lib The /var/lib directory contains application state
information.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux for example keeps files
pertaining to rpm in /var/lib/rpm/.
/var/… /var also contains Process ID files in /var/run
(soon to be replaced with /run) and temporary
files that survive a reboot in /var/tmp and
information about file locks in /var/lock. There will
be more examples of /var usage further in this
book.
Notes

The file /etc/sysconfig/firstboot tells the Red Hat Setup Agent not to run at boot time. If you want to
run the Red Hat Setup Agent at the next reboot, then simply remove this file, and run chkconfig --level 5
firstboot on. The Red Hat Setup Agent allows you to install the latest updates, create a user account,
join the Red Hat Network and more. It will then create the /etc/sysconfig/firstboot file again.

The /etc/sysconfig/harddisks file contains some parameters to tune the hard disks. The file explains
itself.

You can see hardware detected by kudzu in /etc/sysconfig/hwconf. Kudzu is software from Red Hat for
automatic discovery and configuration of hardware.

The keyboard type and keymap table are set in the /etc/sysconfig/keyboard file. For more console
keyboard information, check the manual pages of keymaps(5), dumpkeys(1), loadkeys(1) and the
directory /lib/kbd/keymaps/.

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