Riskometer - SEBI Circular
Riskometer - SEBI Circular
CIRCULAR
SEBI/HO/IMD/DF3/CIR/P/2020/197 October 05, 2020
Sir/ Madam,
1. Please refer to SEBI circular no. CIR/IMD/DF/5/2013 dated March 18, 2013
and CIR/IMD/DF/4/2015 dated April 30, 2015 captioned as ‘Product Labeling
in Mutual Funds’.
Page 1 of 23
¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãîãä¦ã ‚ããõÀ ãäÌããä¶ã½ã¾ã ºããñ¡Ã
Securities and Exchange Board of India
b. For example, the risk depicted in the above risk-o-meter is
Moderately High
c. Risk-o-meter shall have following six levels of risk for mutual fund
schemes:
i. Low Risk
ii. Low to Moderate Risk
iii. Moderate Risk
iv. Moderately High Risk
v. High Risk and
vi. Very High Risk
Page 2 of 23
¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãîãä¦ã ‚ããõÀ ãäÌããä¶ã½ã¾ã ºããñ¡Ã
Securities and Exchange Board of India
h. Mutual Funds shall disclose the risk level of schemes as on March
31 of every year, along with number of times the risk level has
changed over the year, on their website and AMFI website.
5. This circular shall be in force with effect from January 1, 2021, to all the
existing schemes and all schemes to be launched on or thereafter.
However, mutual funds may choose to adopt the provisions of this circular
before the effective date.
Page 3 of 23
¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãîãä¦ã ‚ããõÀ ãäÌããä¶ã½ã¾ã ºããñ¡Ã
Securities and Exchange Board of India
6. This circular is issued in exercise of the powers conferred under Section 11
(1) of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act 1992, read with the
provision of Regulation 77 of SEBI (Mutual Funds) Regulation, 1996 to
protect the interests of investors in securities and to promote the
development of, and to regulate the securities market.
Yours faithfully,
Page 4 of 23
¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãîãä¦ã ‚ããõÀ ãäÌããä¶ã½ã¾ã ºããñ¡Ã
Securities and Exchange Board of India
Annexure A
2. For the purpose of evaluation of risk level, AUM of the security forming part
of the scheme portfolio shall be as on last day of the given month.
i. Debt securities
a) Credit Risk
Debt securities of schemes shall be valued for credit risk as
follows:
TABLE 1
Credit rating of the Instrument CREDIT RISK VALUE
G-Sec/AAA/SDL/ TREPS 1
AA+ 2
AA 3
AA- 4
A+ 5
A 6
A- 7
BBB+ 8
BBB 9
BBB- 10
Unrated 11
Below investment grade 12
Based on the weighted average value of each instrument
(weights based on the AUM), credit risk value of the portfolio shall
be assigned.
The price of debt instrument to be considered for calculating AUM
shall include the accrued interest i.e. dirty price.
For the above purpose, credit rating of the instrument as on last
day of the month shall be considered.
Page 5 of 23
¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãîãä¦ã ‚ããõÀ ãäÌããä¶ã½ã¾ã ºããñ¡Ã
Securities and Exchange Board of India
b) Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk shall be valued using Macaulay Duration of the
Portfolio:
TABLE 2
Macaulay Duration of the portfolio INTEREST RATE RISK
(years) VALUE
≤ 0.5 1
> 0.5 to ≤ 1 2
> 1 to ≤ 2 3
> 2 to ≤ 3 4
> 3 to ≤ 4 5
>4 6
For the above purpose, Macaulay Duration of an instrument as
on last day of the month shall be considered.
c) Liquidity Risk
For measuring liquidity risk of the schemes, listing status, credit
rating, structure of debt instruments is considered.
Liquidity risk of the debt securities shall be valued as follows:
TABLE 3
LIQUIDITY
Instrument
RISK VALUE
TREPS/G-Sec/AAA rated PSU/SDLs 1
Listed AAA rated debt securities without bespoke
structures/ structured obligations, credit enhancements or 2
embedded options*
Listed AA+ rated debt securities without bespoke
structures/ structured obligations, credit enhancements or 3
embedded options*
Listed AA rated debt securities without bespoke
structures/ structured obligations, credit enhancements or 4
embedded options*
Listed AA- rated debt securities without bespoke
structures/ structured obligations, credit enhancements or 5
embedded options*
Listed A+ rated debt securities without bespoke
structures/ structured obligations, credit enhancements or 6
embedded options*
Listed A rated debt securities without bespoke structures/
structured obligations, 7credit enhancements or 7
embedded options*
Listed A- rated debt securities without bespoke
8
structures/ structured obligations, credit enhancements or
Page 6 of 23
¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãîãä¦ã ‚ããõÀ ãäÌããä¶ã½ã¾ã ºããñ¡Ã
Securities and Exchange Board of India
TABLE 3
LIQUIDITY
Instrument
RISK VALUE
embedded options*
Listed BBB+ rated debt securities without bespoke
structures/ structured obligations, credit enhancements or 9
embedded options*
Listed BBB rated debt securities without bespoke
structures/ structured obligations, credit enhancements or 10
embedded options*
Listed BBB- rated debt securities without bespoke
structures/ structured obligations, credit enhancements or 11
embedded options*
AAA rated debt securities with any one of the following
features*-
unlisted
bespoke structure 3
structured obligation
credit enhancement
embedded options
AA + rated debt securities with any one of the following
features*-
unlisted
bespoke structure 4
structured obligation
credit enhancement
embedded options
AA rated debt securities with any one of the following
features*-
unlisted
bespoke structure 5
structured obligation
credit enhancement
embedded options
AA- rated debt securities with any one of the following
features*-
unlisted
bespoke structure 6
structured obligation
credit enhancement
embedded options
A+ rated debt securities with any one of the following
features*-
unlisted
bespoke structure 7
structured obligation
credit enhancement
embedded options
A rated debt securities with any one of the following 8
Page 7 of 23
¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãîãä¦ã ‚ããõÀ ãäÌããä¶ã½ã¾ã ºããñ¡Ã
Securities and Exchange Board of India
TABLE 3
LIQUIDITY
Instrument
RISK VALUE
features*-
unlisted
bespoke structure
structured obligation
credit enhancement
embedded options
A- rated debt securities with any one of the following
features*-
unlisted
bespoke structure 9
structured obligation
credit enhancement
embedded options
BBB+ rated debt securities within investment grade with
any one of the following features*-
unlisted
bespoke structure 10
structured obligation
credit enhancement
embedded options
BBB rated debt securities within investment grade with
any one of the following features*-
unlisted
bespoke structure 11
structured obligation
credit enhancement
embedded options
BBB- rated debt securities within investment grade with
any one of the following features*-
unlisted
bespoke structure 12
structured obligation
credit enhancement
embedded options
AAA rated debt securities with more than one of the
following features*-
unlisted
bespoke structure 4
structured obligation
credit enhancement
embedded options
AA + rated debt securities with more than one of the
following features*-
unlisted 5
bespoke structure
structured obligation
Page 8 of 23
¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãîãä¦ã ‚ããõÀ ãäÌããä¶ã½ã¾ã ºããñ¡Ã
Securities and Exchange Board of India
TABLE 3
LIQUIDITY
Instrument
RISK VALUE
credit enhancement
embedded options
AA rated debt securities with more than one of the
following features*-
unlisted
bespoke structure 6
structured obligation
credit enhancement
embedded options
AA- rated debt securities with more than one of the
following features*-
unlisted
bespoke structure 7
structured obligation
credit enhancement
embedded options
A+ rated debt securities with more than one of the
following features*-
unlisted
bespoke structure 8
structured obligation
credit enhancement
embedded options
A rated debt securities with more than one of the following
features*-
unlisted
bespoke structure 9
structured obligation
credit enhancement
embedded options
A- rated debt securities with more than one of the
following features*-
unlisted
bespoke structure 10
structured obligation
credit enhancement
embedded options
BBB+ rated debt securities with more than one of the
following features*-
unlisted
bespoke structure 11
structured obligation
credit enhancement
embedded options
BBB rated debt securities with more than one of the
12
following features*-
Page 9 of 23
¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãîãä¦ã ‚ããõÀ ãäÌããä¶ã½ã¾ã ºããñ¡Ã
Securities and Exchange Board of India
TABLE 3
LIQUIDITY
Instrument
RISK VALUE
unlisted
bespoke structure
structured obligation
credit enhancement
embedded options
BBB- rated debt securities with more than one of the
following features*-
unlisted
bespoke structure 13
structured obligation
credit enhancement
embedded options
Below investment grade and unrated debt securities 14
*Or any other structure / feature which increase the liquidity risk of the
instrument.
Liquidity Risk Value of a portfolio shall be assigned based on the
weighted average of such values (weights based on the AUM) of
each instrument.
For the above purpose, instruments held by the scheme as on
last day of the month shall be considered.
d) Risk value for the debt portfolio shall be simple average of credit risk
value, interest rate risk value and liquidity risk value. However, if the
liquidity risk value is higher than the average of credit risk value,
liquidity risk value and interest rate risk value then the value of
liquidity risk shall be considered as risk value of the debt portfolio.
Page 10 of 23
¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãîãä¦ã ‚ããõÀ ãäÌããä¶ã½ã¾ã ºããñ¡Ã
Securities and Exchange Board of India
rating.
ii. Equity
a) Market Capitalisation
Following values shall be assigned to the security for market
capitalisation parameter:
TABLE 4
Market Cap of the underlying MARKET CAPITALISATION
security VALUE
Large cap 5
Mid cap 7
Small cap 9
The market capitalisation data as published by AMFI on six-
monthly basis shall be considered.
Based on the weighted average of the above Market
Capitalisation values of each security (weights being AUM of the
security), Market Capitalisation Value of a portfolio shall be
assigned.
b) Volatility
Following values shall be assigned to the security based on its
volatility:
TABLE 5
Daily Volatility of the Security VOLATILITY VALUE
price (based on the past two years
price of the security)
≤ 1% 5
> 1% 6
Based on the weighted average of above volatility values of each
security (weights being AUM of the security), Volatility Value of a
portfolio shall be assigned.
If an instrument is traded on multiple stock exchanges, then the
most conservative volatility value across stock exchanges for a
given month shall be considered.
Page 11 of 23
¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãîãä¦ã ‚ããõÀ ãäÌããä¶ã½ã¾ã ºããñ¡Ã
Securities and Exchange Board of India
c) Impact Cost (Liquidity Measure)
Impact cost shall be considered as a measure for liquidity. Based
on the average impact cost of the security for previous three
months including the month under consideration following values
shall be assigned:
TABLE 6
Average Impact Cost of the Security for
IMPACT COST VALUE
the month
≤ 1% 5
>1 % to ≤ 2% 7
> 2% 9
Based on the weighted average of impact cost values of each
security (weights being AUM of the security), impact cost value of
a portfolio shall be assigned.
If an instrument is traded on multiple stock exchanges, then the
impact cost shall be based on average value of impact costs
across stock exchanges for a given month.
Page 12 of 23
¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãîãä¦ã ‚ããõÀ ãäÌããä¶ã½ã¾ã ºããñ¡Ã
Securities and Exchange Board of India
subsequent month, impact cost value shall be as mentioned in
Table 6 above.
Page 13 of 23
¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãîãä¦ã ‚ããõÀ ãäÌããä¶ã½ã¾ã ºããñ¡Ã
Securities and Exchange Board of India
TABLE 8
INDEX / STOCK OPTIONS’
Value for Index / Stock options
IMPLIED VOLATILITY VALUE
≤ India VIX 5
> India VIX 6
Based on the weighted average of above values of each security
(weights being AUM of the security), the risk value shall be
assigned to the portfolio.
Page 14 of 23
¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãîãä¦ã ‚ããõÀ ãäÌããä¶ã½ã¾ã ºããñ¡Ã
Securities and Exchange Board of India
Based on the weighted average of each security (weights being
AUM of the security), the risk value shall be assigned to the
portfolio.
Page 15 of 23
¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãîãä¦ã ‚ããõÀ ãäÌããä¶ã½ã¾ã ºããñ¡Ã
Securities and Exchange Board of India
Based on the weighted average of each mutual fund scheme held
(weights being AUM of the scheme), the risk value shall be
assigned to the portfolio.
4. Risk-o-meter value
Based on the above calculations, the risk value arrived upon shall
be mapped to the risk level mentioned in the table below and the
same may be depicted in the risk-o-meter:
TABLE 11
Risk Value RISK LEVEL AS PER RISK-O-METER
≤1 Low
>1 to ≤ 2 Low to Moderate
>2 to ≤ 3 Moderate
>3 to ≤ 4 Moderately High
>4 to ≤ 5 High
>5 Very High
5. Illustrations:
In order to illustrate the above process, following are a few illustrations:
A. Debt scheme
Consider a bond scheme category having 10 debt securities with
following attributes:
o At the portfolio level, the average Macaulay Duration is
1.41
TABLE 12
Securities
held by Weight as Credit
Structure
the % of AUM rating
scheme
AAA -
A 10% No additional feature/structure
PSU
Unlisted and has structured
B 10% AA-
obligation
Page 16 of 23
¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãîãä¦ã ‚ããõÀ ãäÌããä¶ã½ã¾ã ºããñ¡Ã
Securities and Exchange Board of India
TABLE 12
Securities
held by Weight as Credit
Structure
the % of AUM rating
scheme
C 10% A No additional feature/structure
D 10% BBB+ No additional feature/structure
E 10% AA Has credit enhancement
F 10% AA+ Is bespoke and unlisted
G 10% A No additional feature/structure
H 10% AA No additional feature/structure
I 10% AAA No additional feature/structure
J 10% TREPS -
DEBT- Security A to J
TABLE 14
Parameter Average Value
Credit risk 0.1 X 1 + 0.1 X 4 + 0.1 X 6 + 0.1 X 8 + 0.1 X 3 3.5
+ 0.1 X 2 + 0.1 X 6 + 0.1 X 3 + 0.1 X 1 + 0.1 X
1
IR Risk 1x3 3
LR value 0.1 X 1 + 0.1 X 7 + 0.1 X 7 + 0.1 X 9 + 0.1 X 5 4.8
Page 17 of 23
¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãîãä¦ã ‚ããõÀ ãäÌããä¶ã½ã¾ã ºããñ¡Ã
Securities and Exchange Board of India
TABLE 14
Parameter Average Value
+ 0.1 X 5 + 0.1 X 7 + 0.1 X 4 + 0.1 X 2 + 0.1 x
1
Simple 3.8
Average
B. Equity scheme
Consider an Equity scheme having 10 equity securities with
following attributes:
TABLE 15
Securities Market Volatility Impact cost
held by Weight as Cap
the % of AUM
scheme
A 10% Large Cap 0.01% 0.2%
B 10% Large Cap 1.5% 0.3%
Page 18 of 23
¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãîãä¦ã ‚ããõÀ ãäÌããä¶ã½ã¾ã ºããñ¡Ã
Securities and Exchange Board of India
TABLE 15
Securities Market Volatility Impact cost
held by Weight as Cap
the % of AUM
scheme
C 10% Mid cap 2.5% 1.5%
D 10% Mid cap 1.5% 1.2%
E 10% Mid cap 2% 1.9%
F 10% Mid cap 1.5% 1.2%
G 10% Large Cap 0.005% 0.7%
H 10% IPO - -
I 10% Small Cap 1.7% 2.5%
J 10% Cash - -
Hence, the average for the total portfolio is 6.2 + 0.1 x 1 = 6.3
Since the value of risk is higher than 5, it shall fall into range of
Very High Risk.
Therefore, risk-o-meter for the abovementioned equity scheme
would be Very High, and shall be as depicted below:
Page 20 of 23
¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãîãä¦ã ‚ããõÀ ãäÌããä¶ã½ã¾ã ºããñ¡Ã
Securities and Exchange Board of India
TABLE 18
Type of Securities held Weight as Impact
Market Cap Volatility
security by the scheme % of AUM cost
Equity A 20% Large Cap 0.01% 0.2%
Equity B 10% Large Cap 1.5% 0.3%
Equity C 10% Mid cap 2.5% 1.5%
Weight as Macaula
Type of Securities held Credit
a % of y Structure
security by the scheme rating
AUM Duration
Debt D 10% No
additional
A 2.6
feature/stru
cture
Debt E 10% No
additional
AA 2.1
feature/stru
cture
Debt F 10% No
additional
AAA 2.8
feature/stru
cture
TREPS G 10% - - -
Gold ETF H 10% - - -
REITS I 10% - - -
Interest rate J -20%
swap (IRS)
As interest rate swap instrument was used for hedging, it is not
included while calculating the risk value.
Macaulay Duration of debt scheme portfolio (D, E & F) is 2.5
years
Based on the above portfolio, following shall be the valuing of the
securities held by the scheme across parameters:
TABLE 19
Securities held by Weight as Market Cap Volatility Impact cost
the scheme % of AUM Value Value Value
A 20% 5 5 5
B 10% 5 6 5
C 10% 7 6 7
Interest
Securities held by Weight as a Credit Risk Liquidity
rate risk
the scheme % of AUM value risk value
value
D 10% 6 7
E 10% 3 4
F 10% 1 2
G 10% 1 1
Page 21 of 23
¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãîãä¦ã ‚ããõÀ ãäÌããä¶ã½ã¾ã ºããñ¡Ã
Securities and Exchange Board of India
TABLE 21
Parameter Average Value
Market Cap 0.2 X 5 + 0.1 X 5 + 0.1 X 7 2.2
Volatility Value 0.2 X 5 + 0.1 X 6 + 0.1 X 6 2.2
Impact cost value 0.2 X 5 + 0.1 X 5 + 0.1 X 7 2.2
Simple Average 2.2
TABLE 23
Parameter Average Value
Credit risk 0.1 X 6 + 0.1 X 3 + 0.1 X 1 + 0.1 X 1 1.1
IR Risk 0.4 x 4 1.6
LR value 0.1 X 7 + 0.1 X 4 + 0.1 X 2 + 0.1 X 1 1.4
Simple Average 1.37
Page 22 of 23
¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ãîãä¦ã ‚ããõÀ ãäÌããä¶ã½ã¾ã ºããñ¡Ã
Securities and Exchange Board of India
GOLD and REITS - H and I
TABLE 24
Securities held by Weight as a
Risk Value Value
the scheme % of AUM
H 10% 4 0.4
I 10% 7 0.7
The final weighted average risk value for the portfolio is as under:
2.2 + 1.4 + 0.4 + 0.7 = 4.7
Since the value of risk is higher than 4, it shall fall into range of
High Risk.
Therefore, risk-o-meter for the abovementioned scheme would be
High, and shall be as depicted below.
Page 23 of 23