CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE

GRADUATE SCHOOL
Calbayog City
Western Samar
MASTER OF ART IN EDUCATION

KINEMATICS OF TRANSLATION

Kinematics it is the branch of Physics describing the motion of an objects

without reference to its cause, as it is a quantitative description of motion
without reference to its physical cause. To describe the motion of an object,
we must be able to specify the location of an object at all times. In a purely
descriptive sense, there is the movement itself. Then there is an issue of what
causes the motion to change, which requires the forces to be considered.

One of the most common physical phenomenal we see motion in the activities
of people every day such as:

Translation it is the physical term for straight- line motion. It is the motion by
which a body shifts from one point in space to another.

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 As example of bullet released by the gun or we called this as Rectilinear
Motion as it moves along straight line.

MOTION

Motion - is the phenomenon in which an object changes its position

over time. If an object is not changing relatively to a given frame of
reference, the object is said to be at rest, motionless, immobile, and
stationary. As there is no absolute frame of reference, absolute motion
cannot be determined. Thus, everything in the universe can be
considered to be in motion.

In understanding motion we discussed about Distance, Displacement,

Velocity, Acceleration, Speed and Time.

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 In understanding Kinematics this two mathematical quantities that are
used to describe the motion of an objects are very important to
consider.

 Scalars are quantities that are fully described by a magnitude

(or numerical value) alone.

 Vectors are quantities that are fully described by both a

magnitude and a direction.

FRAME OF REFERENCE AND POSITION

When an object is undergoing a continuous change in position we say that the

object is moving. The position or location of an object is described relative to a
reference point. A reference point can be chosen at random. It is used as a
point of comparison of an object’s location. A position may be described by
using information such as its length from a reference.

As an example, we always refer to motion relative to the earth because the

earth continues to rotate as seen from outer space by astronauts, but people
on this planet are unable to detect or feel this rotation.

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There are two ways of expressing length of a position, depending on the
needed information. It can be expressed through distance and displacement.

DISTANCE VS. DISPLACEMENT

 Distance is a scalar quantity that refers to "how much ground an object

has covered" during its motion.

 Displacement is a vector quantity that refers to "how far out of place an

object is. It is the object's overall change in position.

In this illustrations:

Distance - If a body moves from a point “A” to point “D” then the total length of
thr curved path “ABCD” (red) is the distance moved by the body. While
Displacement – is actual moved by a body from a point “A” toward point “D” in
straight line (blue dashed).

Difference between Distance and Displacement

If a body travels a path “ABCD” and returns back to “A” after taking another
path “DA” (green) then the total distance travelled by the body will be the
length of the path “ABCD” however, it displacement will be zero, as the initial
and the final points are the same.

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Distance can only be positive. Displacement is possible to be negative, zero
and positive.

The formula for displacement is: ∆X= Xf – Xo and the Unit: m

SPEED AND VELOCITY

Since a moving object often changes its speed during its motion, it is common
to distinguish between the average speed and the instantaneous speed. The
distinction is as follows.

 Speed is the rate of which the distance of an object changes in

relation to time. The speed of an object can be expressed in SI
unit of meter per second (m/s). It tells how quickly or slowly an
object changes distance without being particular about the
direction of motion.

 Speedometer is an instrument showing a vehicles rate of

motion. It tells the distance the vehicle travelled in a given time
which is known as instantaneous speed.

 Velocity is the derivative of displacement with respect to tim

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REMEMBER

THIS!

Here are the formula to find the Average Speed and Average Velocity:

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 Sample Problem on how to find the average speed
A person walks 100 m in 5 minutes, then 200 m, in 7 minutes and
finally 50 m in 4 minutes. Find the average speed.

Solution:

total distance
average speed =
total time

350 m
¿
16 x 60 s

350 m
¿
960 s
average speed =0.364 m/ s
 
VELOCITY

It tells how fast an object position is changing with respected time. It is the
speed in a specific direction.

Let’s try to observe the illustration:

A man walk 5 km/hr east. And a woman walk 5 km/hr west. It means that the
two persons have the same speed but different velocities.

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ACCELERATION

It is one mathematical quantity that under kinematics, in which acceleration

has to do with changing how fast an object is moving. If an object is not
changing its velocity, then the object is not accelerating. Yet acceleration has
nothing to do with going fast. A person can be moving very fast and still not be
accelerating.

The definition of acceleration is:

Acceleration is a vector quantity that is defined as the rate at which an

object changes its velocity. An object is accelerating if it is changing its
velocity.

The formula for average acceleration is:  

∆ velocity v f −v 0
a= ¿
time t

Where:

v f ¿ final velocity

v 0 ¿ initial velocity

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 15 m/s

accelerate
30 m/s in 3seconds

Lets try this sample problem:

A truck accelerated from 15 m/s to 30 m/s in 3 seconds east. Calculate the
average acceleration of the car.

Given: v f ¿ 30 m/s SOLUTION:

∆ velocity
v 0 ¿ 15 m/s a=
time
t=3seconds v f −v 0
¿
t
a =?
30−15
¿
3s
15m/ s
¿
3s
a = 5 m/s, East

In finding the average acceleration, it is easy for us to solve the problem if all
are given. But there are some instances that some of the variable are
unknown. With that here are the Big Four formula that we are going to use if
that problem would be given to us.

Equations of Kinematics for Constant Acceleration

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1. v = v0+at (This formula is missing Δx.)

2 v+ v 0
2. Δx = ( )t (This formula is missing a.)
2

1 2
3. Δx = v0t+ at (This formula is missing v.)
2

4. v2 = v02+2aΔx (This formula is missing t.)

Where:

Δx=Displacement

t=Time interval

v0 = Initial velocity

v = Final velocity

a   = Constant acceleration

We choose the kinematic formula that includes both the unknown variable

we're looking for and three of the kinematic variables we already know. This
way, we can solve for the unknown we want to find, which will be the only
unknown in the formula.

References

Ayson, F. (2013, October 14). Prezi.com. Retrieved from Google Chrome:

https://prezi.com/j-byaa3v4aht/kinematics-of-translation/
ER Services University Physics. (n.d.). Retrieved from GOOGLE Chrome:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-osuniversityphysics/chapter/3-
4-motion-with-constant-acceleration/

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Khan Academy. (n.d.). Retrieved from Chrome:
ttps://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/one-dimensional-
motion/kinematic-formulas/a/what-are-the-kinematic-formulas
Mustafa, O. (n.d.). 123RF. Retrieved from GOOGLE Chrome Image:
https://www.123rf.com/photo_82149860_velocity-example-infographic-
diagram-physics-lesson-showing-speed-of-man-and-women-in-
specific-direc.html
Robertson. (n.d.). Retrieved from Google Crome:
https://cnx.org/resources/e21d34e5662df2837c3a53db4ca67c3300484
2a9/6-Reading%20-%20Robertsonch5pt1.pdf
selftution.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from Google Chrome:
https://selftution.com/difference-between-scalar-and-vector-physical-
quantities-quantity-examples/
TPC and eLearning. (n.d.). Retrieved from Google Chrome:
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-1/Scalars-and-
Vectors
VIVADIFFERENCES. (n.d.). Retrieved from Google Chrome:
https://vivadifferences.com/8-difference-between-scalar-and-vector-
quantity-with-examples/

Prepared By:

MELINDA P. BALINTON
MAED-SCIENCE

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