CIASSMAte

=
5:120q LAPIER nEMICAL FQUILLBRIOM
2Llulum &quldauuum xqmtaumla.thualatz d-a_raunm
uiutla ilu dnnel
raquluatike unoyp,puzauu ond coinumirali
Ayaluma shaw amy chonoe uth Thu (1amage s -
tu ,lakeplau nbk
utt MERk
CenauduaQumuralcan, aA+ bB iXtyY EUuemboe
nall pueumh ufuch allaun.equdubuun, &enen carr fhaenj

LteLUmauumueluxo u euward amd l:ackuuard

XLacluens
t cqullbuum, theratu d oruward uacluen Leuentqual t
at d backuuarcl.xuaclm bunun4stant
hnulure darlamba.amd.suoduds at cauludrium o colled
am_equullnuum malue
* 4 zoyueam pamio inuelue nly phuauual.chang,h
kAuldrum .calluduhyaucad.oqulalbuutnothz ono2u1g
zowmiauelue chhemuial dhaangtn u he eralmg presiea
axunual uaconsthz cquilibyuno is iallud.diurmucalL
kaulbuuD

hyaical squluleuao
SqhaaL Iuanalermaluani Dipaelulhem
dalid kuquud delid delulen
as deluulem
delid

*&id squd cqullriun

9 Aeu ucLlen alemq.cwulh
semuwaltrat de_antd
a"plaud uaa laaku mam duc amd uwal1r ia lsumd
n xamaun Lenalcint Uauueuxr_hu Iuo tsaung 1koumD-
 dumu thuaxhal hxmuttof gasLoila Cempone

ELulaGealiza 4 aulilaum Conalam

npxuAen Der ay Lmalamt-inAnpliualk enly uuo
emunlhalims d kisch amd xodustothanr otMaumed_cmalont
ealuw at Luliuu alate
Nalu Lmolamt in umdyumdunt dmial conwmtalien
thi olamb amd pheduuta
ludun tnmatomk in lpusaliuu dupamdnk
awsdetuum nalail terAhruura1 uadimu aual
lu auKnau lhi ca_Cemolant an lhu peuudnd xeacien
auilnuanm Cemwlanl k_d uacluo sa xalalud a th
auldruum nalat sthu Lerteanendung xeauien {thu
lean Laumg 24 Lgnat k dundd ya th equldun
Ceroknt fethu auus can n lhe suard xagt uf K uK4
u egn mullynluud y o u q csmi thi nu ean
wthu A4ua 4 k uk
9thi ean in uulkn am dAlepo haurng_eg Leml K and e
hisn, K, XK= k_

Aplnatumn aulluan malnant

xedulamg thuealim da uadi
Loltulanq_eaulieum emumlKaluo
xdulimg ih talumt da Vaieis
he magnuud q Re n durecdls pueperlinal tn
Cemiralitn dueduut.amd AuRkadypxchonluamal i
K 2O Kiky lange,emcemlaaláo d-
 Date
Fege

kadexn alluctumo Rauulutuum

CmuemialuehJ
Wumune
emuatu
lu dudodemuualLalian qmurL Amd uwyunaluke
ALA um_san ly tplakimid y ha tung
94alalia that chamge n amy 4 thu hlexn that detiamun
h tqululnium (eldltona ayutn _unl tauaL lh
ALYAtm bthomgcun Suuh a mammen A0 A0 lo edruy thz
t that thohg
* u lemunttalien thamge
CIH umèumlaluem aluM aot addlid uaitamt er huedud
uliurd Juy nt aLAdheh im thu duudum that LmaummUn
addLd allolamu
(08
4 add xuduantpxadul,thu xeouluen utl
kak nlau máulh a duuuien hat urllLLemLume the
addid aulalanus:
enauclen H
9 H Addd, euand xLaclm unll tak
4 41 in _adduel, hluuwad xeauhon ul nlau
lnkinlau
ull nkauk mAutla duuuliea that uillenlemuala
WmeAMdAualomuu th
HinXmALd , Mluwaxd durlie
H in MALd,JALUMRd duutchen
 31+L
-3 5:6 0 22

odx0-22 0 4
 Date
Page

(18
* uut 4inut a dddlue-
h velimuukunt Lmaf amd Mnt gn
Addid,fit udl net take pad kiaclen ).Ard:lhe_
RQuLLlLm_XUmaumn umduntiundud
cmp
k 1ct Umpitaluxz ham lemp
eothermuc eackemA: Ve)
Buu, utum_ unp 1ren, Laduard iualueno kaku
Alatu amd uun mp Veen, rwand Xiachm
md.olhmi Keadluen [aH:tr
lu whn lemp 1sen perurord xuasim Uhum
p Vses, Lnckwand roasli
G lavoSa

AH19: 38 kqmel
1tnop 1s Baluand opsen ferLuard
lauemat senaduil La qemat 1se
emal an enLelhumuc XLadum 0HdxLaain w
lump 11tndu lntuard iautuen)
nal an emdollurmuLAdugn (tAH)
m 1stn [duu in eturand xsadlhen) ImuLaAID_0
c t 4a latakyat
alalyat "com nuxLoL thu rate
exuora Ad JadEunKA XOtlan luut ikqUath
d t 4uu|inurtaaa ulard detunmet
amL_ amt kaduvasdn s0
 Kem and has amealua paALem amd LmU IAALnan onL
Juipnelem
aen 0dn naAM wHY uLak Lmugali Jaat-and ne

HU
baa Cony aud CmbaAL

What ul thu_m kaau t h 4allourma ixamalud ud

FHSOy
xut thu wyauda h sllaunq Bxonalud Jaau
FH NH, NAg
NH NH4 HcaOH

Ruua dida amd Kasen

Acida.accunt naur amd lantn attta-dematGpaun
uwa auchedlutkunt tompawndug B,IU,, CoM

BE tNH, BE,NH
kaud Lbaa
omuaaltim omalaat ualux Gmd miz hadunt
n urumlux gm ualix mekiuli demaii, a jnkelen
ah on omocui amd amslhu ualx mdlkulh orainlá0
ymen d oslh an a la

HD H ba
H,O Ota)
aud coy bcid ceny ba
 f-e]f+ejH c a unt
| H20J in_Lmalamt_u Demumaler LemotD1X KquxD
(puur Luquuud) amu u r dmot

Kuo emiAaluen met emu pxndutt Auwatix

nially_Hat 1K = 0xloM
Alko OHat 244 k_ :02l'M
Dis a

wabaP

Valun Kwi denLmdn on mp n tin_asn Eq-LRMAlamt

g12 ut q lumuu Chang PRUnc

Akhtudl ahumuri chamgs exa Aduoo and setd uguuns

Luquuuclaaml 'ngmentd BulLaa gaLsun matar tonU
comsant
Eaduem, we uuan thiir 4xidAuL, Ahu
puuL
Quluum urU ahyt u Auch aduuluen uthunu Th-

A u dicnuaAk thu ruemLuL, Ahz

equululuum wl
Ahdk im Audh a duuim umi the no- meon ia mat
aCenatdur 3 H

ughl, er fauward duechem

u d pnuke dtuLauo latuward iadlien

( (a)
wlhum pxumuu mixLaALA, Aackuuard reaim
uhun numistu duma losuand seadien
Fer Holo neun, ugh paumun
i N awcuWual
31
wlhum pxmiUNA 1stn, ewarduocimn
ufun auAA Vsta, badlurand xeadan

Latal no-melin w pamu om lath adu thire ia ne

dlst em equululuuum
51 onis auulilaunm im delutuy
,lh qululuum umUeluumng Lema m a4 utntulim:1
m thu caL_d wrak elulteluylid,an thuy are hanbually venunsd,
on AQuliuim in Atl p utuun thuLn_amd h
wm.emintd dulket
CH, CO0H 10 CHC00 H0
NH,OH HO NH, OHag-
dcudn, laan amd kalh cam dut so eluluelybo
Dram tomLuph_alaut daLdnamd BaaLp
Ahmius lmupt d Audo amd Baan
Acidh aru Aulatamus hat dineialo un ualx tigue
H Lem laan aru thmi uhuch giur 0H Am
HX Laqy Ha4 Xo4)- mmdiotelu-
|ah wifwalu
OR

MOHta4
Rxonala 1aumay deuda amd BaIn
Aud isaAAlaat elem_domer md lau is -
pXoM Accunter
NHtag oHeat)-
enugal CayALgal
hans ane

Lom aLLd
latid enmad roma baa
la Lan Nermzd han am aud smy aae
 Fog

S N,Q w plauud una IL tacdim lumul at Hook amc

allewrdLto atlain Qululnuu
2NG4
Teal nuMu at equulideuum unn sumd le 4.15 ban
altulMKkp.aand parlual puunak equululruu
N0y NO

10umd milihl attm4, pE nRT man 12-8

0-15X00831 yVou MM 1
-P: nRI = 0-15 me
V

18 bax

N9Oy N0
4nuial 18
nu: 18-4
By Dallarh dawd laxhal puut at auldunuu 3

9-15e 4.18-+r
1:15-:18 Hbar

kp Y 5-87
/ 18-4-12

Kp= k_RI
85:81 k o 083xhao)
Ke
0 0831x100
 udh 4n
Whaln ih tQullnum Cenuinlnalim of nilual cemunhal
AulealLamcUD un lh eAululruuam uiumlh
T wnn 0:18M) 3

TU 1,tU K 0-1y

dIU=,10,
Cenc

t malL eOdhq thu htoduk e euaua_aE_

LQualluuwm
Eauullaa

037
Lo 18)
alung eet Jo-14
07 8-
0:3
0782
Oa34067X

0:l61
8
 elaste
Dge-

Kdutih in alas iey Langdo puouulh pudentumals

x Lodhmta de, iladAm endn mary ho Lerpllien
K K10, rualamb predpnunat er 4edis
K io RRL_Amal h eattueo 4iLdo raruly Lunu
Aontin laslau Jhon peaduuta
ConLnln.alun dLalh xeadadn andzoduudo arepuaud
zediilhng lh Dureshem lh Krad
çtdixJa xodsck duslum d Ladn, u urat ha
a caleulah th xsotuenauslant
HeNA qemural xLaiun as t6B el1d D

1w Lmt n Aca net ecunanuly eaululau valuun.

Lamulimu lulou e4uluuamn)
Conupan thu valuu q dcunth Re.
Ap Q 2k bu niuan uit prsd imihy duudm4
Itoclamn (uNNA rahen= xught ta lE)Lcenu qpzdzeo
K , thu uactam utll pound um h drcuem d
k =Qe, h mlurn u alrendiy at tauilum
Lalkulalim bqululxiuu lananlraluan

msd q lu tyt in IL loaed Lacdio r u l wa

3 00 3s0k Caluulate
allaurd io attam s iulidum a
equululruuo ; Ke =l:8o
lcemnolLep ih maliuxe at

Intal
 13
(ot-z)
O-0+2-0422-

1akiAquau xcotom Letlh sdio - 05

0:-2
0 405--05x
6
052 : 0305+
e5 69-/0
06

CO H O/-7 0 ov

maliallyPee 0S ban aaal 0 a r amd pu

Lan.aphit philnt calulal the eqUuddnimparlial
inu q Co amd u,
COC 02q)
nutua 0:48
(puu cont)
smy

L 2 a 2Lach q thr produt le ermmud at

0-43-
Kp Po) 3
0 8-2
a2 .yY-32
3 x -199 =O
 t melL each q thuxoduct
e lotnmedat equluruu

3-X

+z5:4

-9t 18 14._er b18

Y1
51 e (3:31 )X uy

PR 3-0- 3-1:51 4)M Unttial OrE

819
rui] {u,z51M
1w aluu e K: H24 af 8o0 k ox th HLacliem 36
C1 HaO (044 t H44)-Chluslaliequllerua
Cemcunlxalieno q H Co amd H,0 o 800k gmly
cOamd H, 0 anxLALmE umlially at Ceunlaalinn
d 0-10M eosh
Cor 4,0 C0 t H
4-79

ut ZmelL Ladh d thu rmedmt Lavmud

At
utiliun,2
01-X _01-
 luk fqulluuomahaamt
hun Letalnumltr 4 mdu uedudh inqual lu hu lotal no
d melwdxuadamta, K haane ae-umub:
NO
k NO44 mell no wnit
medefmel
uhunletal no dnueln punduut tn.di tem thu lalno d-
melua kAcanla, k haa und
NH NH
md
naett)nael
sal
HJrenaun lauluua- fy

Bojullsum im a Ayalim unuolut meu ham unkhase

H,0r
WAamAmnllaseanumen er tuuluRun tmat m hulua k
diluxngumcua k imaelax_puL Aeludn pL Lquudo
Helay h uAdidnt uuda tamal. By Cemuimlen
AR Com lalu E An . Bur ulHY
Mlax teM =
mlemat
mM duw le Vlata
eept dam
LkamE
V M M
 dAsSMAte
Date

N, 43H, RNH 10 10

KeLNHa axlg2) 7Y9

NaH1 LEM/3x16
HOE*tE:Le 3:5 XI
2
LO-n Homegemaun LquillbLa - dU h xLaclamh amd pecludlo
au id th A0me plhau latalu 35
N3 H 32

aulduin_lonalamt in aatsun dynina_Kp

altbB_ dD 5Y 1o
3.5 X !D

lalan Kp4 Ke
fer lh xeacien aA+ b8 CtdD

the equulliun inaroluen gauouo anuta, lhum th 2 s

muamilzaln may i snxumolm tiwma aharlislnebuxL_a
Lganucup aulalaicr. hqilrummcmalaml in tuxma erarilal
a may Ie ullum ao
P P
k Pa, a,Pe and Pb xeuiant aartial pxuu A,B,CDnp
0AM.aru pmumed Io le udual,nct Io idealgan eqn
V oRT
PRT

Lmenliaalun
 p: CRT e LgaIRI
de, Pa CRTCAJRT
Ps CaRT BeT
f CRT [deT

Aulalds ee A, Ps, Pe, lp un

(B RT)

(A1 (B
Ke(rt)a)-(a76)

K(RT)a uuuAn-(ctd)-(a+b)
Kp Ke(RT)n| mlen.d_gaueuatundule.
nnnelns qaheou xeaulash
umhu Lalamud equalen

NHa
An -143)==3
Kp ke(e1)2

H t1 HL
Ans d-(11) =O
kp ke( k
 age

0N31, NH te0H
k [MA k H1]2
N [H,3
Backcud xeaduem:dHI H,1,
Ke

K lquuldaun cenal ou he uazkund

Kexcacluem in hu mutKAL LLHB
thataudulan al tenthe euwad
KLachen-

Agaum mmidu: H+1,FdHT

pid al th sechamulw ue luo H, tT HL-

x thux ina shamqL im bhu ALodhimilir

LU Ly Athangs m hu eevaluu d utlueiuml, JhM
tquuubiiwmLOmakam
.Talleuung.emumlhaluemn_uHI
ewnaiuem d"NH2 N
sldaumid e th
N and Ha at eg ak shoK
AY 15X10M [HJ 20x10Mamd NH12
Salulal eauilueumo LEmalanh
 Pag
5
*PlmuLal LqialMeiuwm cam.l allaumud kom lhix dueian A
amn thi duuuien uLaclamta aauell as" puOn lhu duuulieo
Aducta
Ht, JH1

Ha, T

1ume ULIsCium
ome

13-J0 2Lausd_Chmital quuleuium kqulileiun anakamt

Jauud mam.acuem
Laen
nclai cenC
adhk na
Rat hamucaluenerlaaall hr podut-q
thTmtLaltalen-h xeakamh raaed ta Huu iapeuli
Latedhiomuiu ve
(mda
Shmt AAA qANtm lumaunaluL h peduutq mcumliákensth
arim pKAduulh xavd la thu xoanulzur alachamtlkui the
LCeutumh inAhu alamud himical eAm.dundid lu
xtapedaie
haoduct et ceunialcro _jiadama xaunLd lo lhur iv kmeem
Alhutlue cepuwalo nano tenalanl ualue:
hiu
&auilluwn lcueiaud Chimital. éauldbuum:he
LA thu
kmakamt in called Eauiluluium lnatami
equululruum Comolamt er a qumunal neaduema
h
a t bA ctd'D
Mtnnxeoaida lC D
Sutaxinvaona
 Page

*9anLulLenqulum
CO 44 (0, lin aelulien)
lhz amml q thr ga0 dumelued ka-a44LADAAAA D
uexnLd ly Lau
HERYS AkL 1mam da gan dimelued im a AuMm mam
Aeluet at amy limapitalure_in duuctly peporlera
i th sau qihe gas alsur ib seluen
mAP m kp
kldunu malamt valu dyundn en nalutud qanLugud
12020 amd imyuhäure
gwlat thu qutm linp u Lamolamt-

uLral haxasluualiinslqulliu Lsuaas fhuaical useLsme

*AL LAuillium, Agmu dualu preuntu thi ayalu
tLm Lnatamt VEmp
AJululaua unueurmg gaata camlxnlaumid mly n led
qulluuuo n dunamat in mali u, thus an uL
acaum ALmth iakumq plawat equalralin
quiluum, th lemumlialumqdumt aulalamup leuem
emalomt al ematamt umairaluau
AEMICAL EauLepIuMÉqulluan in thunucalpxeLLDALD:
Cenadika uAAkL pLauan AiB AD
Resthetelblez un Nyl2im nacwmLA hakeaplauwm dhtiuLal
tattem 2a-tdith-icttrtshteéaslaaik zeuttaudta clien
-

taken-plate
euand4 kaiuasd xeadin)
 gturgmt cqudbum ae mulig 4u ug4
walu,
Calamlana i Lal 4 Lpa 4uall
hu cquullbxuum an uuaunlld a up
H HQ-
pum
a q u tallguum-

al suapmalien Rat dLandinsaliea.

hncquululeuum in pwrtmid an

hu kqud uth huglur ve ia nKLvelalde amd has

ux Lsiumg uem
h uquudo aru laken un uwaldh glan amd nlauud
umth un almuaaluu, thu xrat duap umainn
Lwmal Lu nat 4 wmdtn io ugtigultu huo.ne
Qududrim tanle Lachud imam eumwmd

d Ard-Va uut squdbum

alu dAuldmalien.e adid 1, La lerm vanu

=atd adinalLen 1 uanur taquratlud
N

ddid Acluluen cauuuauum

E naeuien e augar in waur
AL b4uilluui
Kal 4 duraululien gale d upalatunR
(caluntlen
dugar lalud)dgaxluntauton
 Page

n th Jaganung u , t0) thu m 4A B_a

Mamum md th tentd CD.a mumunumda thz
uacin GuLda, te AABau diuuaunq ulh the
AAmaq d Lu utuLAn thu ent qCaD aK AmutaAng
Jhuxdli 4 teuand ualien io AuuLaaung ule nau f
A:2utuuad äatien gunmuuan Wenalilya lime
Cem ufum thu xata Luwand uadio luemu taual th
xali d baukauand aualuenjthnuuadlen in saud l Ie sm_ 4 alalz 4
chumca equldruuun

ORwARD AEACSHCNN
FQUILI6R1UM
PaLNT
BACRAKO
o S E A C H O N

THME
Chaxoluialiy d humuual Kauildnu
k eaululxuum, thLent dench 4 th xuailanh amd punduh
AAL Umakamk
CorD

Tumu FapiLIBRIUM
ulljauum vn dimam m naluue
dAquluktuum hixsLOxL lath peKUatd Lakwod ualu