General Chemistry 1

Quarter 1 - Week 1
The Properties of Matter and its Various Forms

Department of Education ● Schools Division Office of Apayao

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 GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
Learning Activity Sheets
The Properties of Matter and its Various Forms

Department of Education • Schools Division Office of Apayao

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 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
Schools Division of Apayao
Capagaypayan, Luna, Apayao

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2021

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Email Address: apayao@deped.gov.ph

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
Quarter 1-Week 1

Name:________________________________________ Grade Level:________

Section:______________________________________ Date: ________________

LEARNING COMPETENCY WITH CODE

After going through this activity sheet, you are expected to:
 Use properties of matter to identify substances and to separate them
(STEM_GC11MPIa – b - 5)
 Recognize the formulas of common chemical substances (STEM_GC11MPIa –
b - 9)
 Compare consumer products on the basis of their components for use,
safety, quality and cost (STEM_GC11MPIa – b - 11)
 Describe various simple separation techniques such as distillation,
chromatography (STEM_GC11MPIa – b - 12)

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS

Lesson 1

Matter is defined as anything that occupy space and has mass. Matter
comes in in any phase – solid, liquid and gas. Almost anything around us are called
matter. It is very interesting to study about matter in order for us to understand
the different events and changes that is happening around us. On the other hand,
chemistry is a science that studies the properties, composition and structures of
matter, the behavior and the changes they undergo during a reaction with other
substances. This activity sheet focuses on the use of the properties of matter.

Properties of Matter
When we a person very close to us, we can be able to recognize them in
terms of their unique properties or characteristics. A person may have a short hair
or brown complexion. These are physical properties that are also manifested by
matter. Some matters are hard, some are brittle. Some are colored, some are black
and some are not being seen by our eyes.
It is important for us to understand the process of knowing the properties of matter
that will lead us to discern on what makes an object different from other objects.
Our understanding on the different properties of matter could help us to avoid
accident in selecting the right material. Furthermore, those properties of matter
could help us to make new inventions or device that could make our work easier.
What are the properties of matter?

1. Physical Property
A physical property of matter is a characteristic that can be observed and
measured without changing the identity and composition of the substance. These
are related to the physical appearance or associated with physical transform

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 actions: eg. color, taste, mass, volume, boiling point and melting point. For
example, a clear, colorless liquid observed to boil at 100° C and freeze at 0° C is
definitely be water. Therefore, physical properties of matter are very important
because these help the chemists in identifying substances.

Now, those physical properties of matter which we have mentioned a while

ago can be classified into two. These are; ( 1 ) intensive physical property and ( 2 )
extensive physical property. How is intensive physical property different form the
extensive physical property? To find out, let us read the difference of Intensive
Physical Property and Extensive Physical Property.

A. Intensive Physical Property

This is the characteristic or trait of matter that does not depend on the
amount. For example, a chalk can be described by its color. This property of chalk
falls under intensive physical property because if you increase the amount of chalk,
the color will remain the same which is white. Density, melting point, freezing point
and the ability to conduct heat and electricity are intensive properties of matter.
In addition, temperature, malleability, diffusion and ductility are also under
intensive property of matter.

Ductility is the ability of substance to be stretched into wire. A very good

example of this property is found in the strings of the guitar or wires inside the
electrical connections. Do you see sample of this inside your house?
Malleability is the ability of substance to be hammered or transformed into
thin sheet. This can be seen among metals like bracelet, tin cans and metallic roofs
of our houses. Do you see sample of this inside your house?
Diffusion is the ability of matter to be scattered or spread out. This can be
observed when you add ink into the water. The ink will mix to the water even
without stirring it. Can you cite other example of this?

Remember, intensive property is the property of a substance or matter that

never changes even if there is an increase or decrease in the amount of object.

B. Extensive Physical Property

It is the characteristic or trait of matter which is dependent on the amount
or quantity. Examples of extensive physical properties of matter are size, mass,
volume, length and width. This means that if the amount of matter or particles is
increased, it may cause change in the size, mass, volume, length and width of an
object.

2. Chemical Property
A chemical property of matter refers to the ability of a substance to
undergo changes to transform into a different substance. An example of a
chemical property is the ability of iron to form rust by combining with
oxygen in air. Another example of chemical property is flammability which is
illustrated by the ability of charcoal to burn in air. When charcoal burns in
the presence of oxygen in the air to become new substance, the physical
properties of the original substance disappear. A new set of physical
properties for new substance is then observe.

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Lesson 2

Food, medicine and other product labels may sometime confuse you on the
ingredients or materials that contain them because these are written in their
chemical formula form. Most of the time, we associate chemical formulas for
scientists or chemists only. That is why some people tend to lose interest on trying
to understand the meaning of a chemical formula because they are not aware on
the concepts to where they can associate or use these chemical formula.
With the changing society coupled with information explosion, it is important
for us to grasp an idea on how to interpret a chemical formula, and become
acquainted with common formulas which we usually encounter every day. This
activity sheet discussed the meaning of a given chemical formula as well as the
formula of some common chemical substances.

Chemical Formula
If we are to study the meaning of chemical formula, two words are involved
namely chemical and formula. Chemical refers to a compound or substance while
formula refers to the symbolic expression. Thus, a chemical formula is a symbolic
expression of a compound or substance. It is also described as shorthand of
expressing the types and the number of atoms in a substance.

What is the Meaning of a Given Chemical Formula?

Once again, chemical formula is the shorthand of expressing the types and the
number of atoms in a substance. For example, H2O is the chemical
formula of a substance known as water. But what does this H2O formula
mean? What information can we get from this formula? Based on its formula H 2O,
water is a substance made up of two types of atoms: hydrogen and oxygen. This is
because the formula has two different letters that are written in capital form; H and
O. The subscript represented by a number indicates the number of atoms present
in the substance. In the case of H2O, there are 2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom of
oxygen. If the number of atom is 1, then the number 1 is no longer written in the
subscript.

Lesson 3

Consumer products are something that we cannot live without. Every

activity we do such as taking a bath, cooking our favorite dishes, driving our cars
or monitoring and maintaining our good health condition, there will always be a
consumer product that is involved. Those consumer products were made possible
because of the interactions of Science, Technology and Society. Now, how Science,
Technology and Society became involved in the creation of those consumer
products being discuss in this activity sheet. We will also discuss when a consumer
product may cause harm despite of its usefulness to our life. This activity sheet
tries to identify which field or area of our society those consumer products are very
useful. This activity sheet helps you try to identify some compositions of consumer
products that make up a certain consumer product. It also discusses the different
consumer products in terms of their composition, uses and costs.

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What are Consumer Products?
Consumer product is the final good that is bought by individuals or households for
personal use. In other words, consumer products are goods that are bought for
consumption by the average consumer. Consumer products were made possible
because of the interactions of Science, Technology and Society. The Knowledge
(Science) is being used to come up with the different consumer products
(Technology) that address problems of the community (Society). For example,
isopropyl alcohol (Technology) is a consumer product which we usually use to
disinfect and kill microbes. By the use of alcohol, we could be able to avoid getting
diseases cause by microbes (Society).

The Science, Technology and Society are interrelated to one another because
any change in one aspect could trigger also a change to other aspects. Meaning if
Knowledge (Science) will improve due to new or latest discoveries made by
scientists or even an ordinary person (Society), there will be also a corresponding
effect or improvement to the consumer products (Technology) we use every day.

There are many consumer products available in the market because of their
usefulness. However, consumer products may post danger or harm to anyone when
we abuse or misuse such product. A good example of this would be the solvent like
rugby that was invented to use as an adhesive material. But for some instances,
the same solvent is being used by drug dependent. Moreover, some consumer
product was made intended to cause harm such as gun powder and poisons.

Let us analyze the table below that shows information on isopropyl alcohol in terms
of its some chemical components, use, safeness, and cost.

Consumer Some Chemical Use/s Level of Cost

Products Components Safeness
(Chemical
Formula)

Rubbing alcohol Isopropyl alcohol - Disinfectant Generally safe Generally, very

C3H8O (External use affordable price
only) (non-branded)
Water – H2O but some are
costly if its
branded.

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Lesson 4

The earth is full of different mixtures which are present on land, water and
air. These mixtures play important roles in our life because of their uses in the field
of agriculture, health, industries and even to our practical living. However,
substances in their mixture forms are not always the ideal substances for us based
on what we are aiming to get or to do, rather its components are more important.
One example of this is the seawater. We cannot drink seawater because it is salty
but the salt in the seawater is very useful in many ways. Thus, a mixture must
undergo a process in order to breakdown its components for our ideal use.
This activity sheet focuses the different methods of separating components of
mixtures and compounds as well as the important laboratory technique and safety
rules that need to observe.

What are the Methods of Separating the Components of

Mixtures and Compounds?

Method or technique of separating components of mixtures is a procedure or

process of segregating or moving the constituent or part of a substance which is
made up of two or more pure substances. Sample of a mixture is sea water because
sea water contains both water and salt which are mixed together in different
proportion or amount. Another example is mixture of water conglomerate which is
a mixture of sand, gravel and cement which is used as construction materials.
What are the different methods of separating the components of mixtures
and compounds? What are laboratory techniques and safety rules that must be
observed in performing those methods? Let us find out the different separating
methods.

1. Filtration
It is the process of separating the insoluble solid from the liquid substance by
allowing the liquid to pass through a porous material called filtering agent. The
solid particles which are retained in the filter paper is called residue, and the clear
liquid which passes through a filtering agent
such as filter paper is called the filtrate. In using a filter paper, a glass funnel is
used as

a support. To transfer the mixture (liquid) from the beaker into the funnel, you
have to mix thoroughly the mixture using a stirring rod so that no solid substance
will be left behind. A stirring rod may also be used to guide the mixture into the
funnel to avoid spillage especially if the said funnel is too small. See to it also that
the filter paper is not damaged before using it.

2. Decantation
This is a method used to separate the liquid layer known as supernatant
and a heavy insoluble solid known as precipitate by allowing the said solid to settle
at the bottom of the container then the liquid above the solid is poured off carefully
into another container. In decantation process, the mixture is being set aside and
given enough time the precipitate to settle at the bottom of the container such as a

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beaker. Unlike the filtration process where you can immediately pour the mixture
into the funnel, you have to wait all the precipitate to settle at the bottom of the
container before the actual pouring can be done. In the decantation process, you
have to pour the liquids into another container very slowly. A stirring rod may also
be used to guide the liquid into another container to avoid spillage especially if the
said container is too small. In checking the temperature of a container such as
beaker, you may use the back part of your hand to determine it hotness. Do not
immediately touch the container.
3. Mechanical Separation
This involves the use of forceps, sieves, magnet and other similar tools to
separate the components of mixtures. Sand and gravel are separated by passing
the mixture over a wire screen. In the mechanical separation, the involved
substances are mostly solids that can be separated manually.
4. Centrifugation

It is the process that uses a motor device known as centrifuge that speeds
up the settling of the precipitate using centrifugal or rotating motion. As the
mixture inside the test tube of the centrifuge is subjected to centrifugal force, the
heavier component settles at the bottom and the less dense component settles at
the upper portion. Example of this is the separating the components of blood which
include the plasma, buffy coat and the blood cells. In using the centrifuge, the
number of the test tube inside should have equal distances and the cover of the
centrifuge should be tightly covered to avoid any untoward incident.

5. Distillation
This is a process that involves the evaporation and condensation of a liquid
solvent from a mixture or solution. This method uses the difference in boiling
points of the components of a mixture. The more volatile liquid in the mixture boils
first, evaporates, then condenses. The distillate is the liquid formed from the
condensation of the vapor. Content of the container should always be checked to
avoid drying up of the said container.

6. Chromatography
This process uses the difference in the degrees to which substances are
absorbed on the surface of an inert substance such as a filter paper. A drop of ink
or extract will be separated into different components if it is placed at the end of a
filter paper and the

tip of the paper is allowed to barely touch the solvent. Separate bands of colors,
representing the different components will appear on the paper. In doing this
process, the filter paper should ensure the touching of the solvent.

7. Electrolysis
This is a chemical decomposition or breakdown produced by passing an
electric current through a liquid or solution containing ions. Example of this is the
separation of oxygen atom to the hydrogen atoms from the water molecules. In

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doing this method, the positive and negative electrodes should be submerged
completely in the liquid to effectively separate the ions.

Activity 1
A.
Classify each statement if it describes a physical property or a chemical property. A
single question will help you: Is there a change in the identity of a substance? If
the answer is NO, then it is a physical property; if YES, it is a chemical property.
Write your answer on the space before each item.

____________________________1. Some metals may become dull when exposed to air.

____________________________2. Metals, when pure, are shiny and reflect light.
____________________________3. Mercury’s high density and liquid state at room
temperature make it useful in barometers.
____________________________4. Archaeologists uncover ancient gold artifacts that
are
untarnished, while iron artifacts are often corroded.

____________________________5. The hardness of diamonds enables them to be used

on
drill bits.
____________________________6. Metals are typically ductile or can be drawn into
wire. ____________________________7. You shouldn’t use silver utensils to handle
sulfur –
containing food such as eggs or mustard, since the
silver will tarnish.
____________________________8. The high melting point of tungsten makes it useful
for
light bulb filaments.
____________________________9. Metals are typically much better conductors of heat
and
electricity than nonmetals.
____________________________10. The magnesium ribbon of a photo flashbulb ignites
in the oxygen around it when you snap a picture.

B.
Classify each of the following properties as physical or chemical. Write Your
answer on the space provided before each item.

____________________________1. Silicon is hard

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____________________________2. Ice floats on water
____________________________3. Cadmium is poisonous
____________________________4. Hydrogen catches fire when ignited in air
____________________________5. Gallium liquefies at hand temperature.
____________________________6. Sulfur is bright yellow.

C
Identify if the property is Extensive or Intensive. Write the answer on the space
provided before each item. (Note: To identify the property as intensive or extensive,
this question will help you: Is there a change in the property if the amount of
substance decreases or increases? If YES, then it is extensive property; if NO, then it
is intensive property).

____________________________1. Color of a dye solution

____________________________2. Boiling point of salt solution
____________________________3. Mass of gold
____________________________4. Hardness of metals
____________________________5. Length of paper
____________________________6. Viscosity of liquid
____________________________7. the tendency to burn
____________________________8. The tendency of iron to dissolve
____________________________9. Volume of water
____________________________10. Temperature

Activity 2: What’s that Formula?

1. Determine the chemical name, common name, the atoms/ elements that
composes the chemical and number of atoms of the given chemical formula in
each item.
2. Fill-in the table with correct information.
Chemical Chemical Name Common Composition
Formula Name and number
of atoms

1. NaCl Sodium Chloride Table Na = 1 and Cl = 1

Salt
2. NH3

3. C12H22O11

4.CH4

5. C9H8O4

6. NaOH

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 7.CaCO3

8. CaO
9.C2H5OH

10. NH4

Activity 3

List down 5 consumer products that can be found in your house like shampoo or
toothpaste. Then, fill the given table with the correct information. Note: You may
identify only the active ingredients or major chemical components of the consumer
product.

Consumer Some Use/s Level of Cost

Products Chemical Safeness
Components
(Chemical
Formula)

1.

2.
3.
4.
5.

Activity 4

Performance Task
Objective: To perform a simple method of separation technique.

Procedures:
1. Based on the different method of separating mixture, choose any 1 for you to
perform. 2. When you have already decided which method you will perform, make a
step – by – step procedure in performing the experiment.
3. Gather the materials and perform the experiment. You may take a picture for
every step in performing the experiment or you can take a video of the whole
experiment.

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Assessment
Directions. Read and analyze the statements carefully. Choose the letter
of the correct answer and write in your answer sheet.

1. It is the characteristic or trait of matter that can be observed or perceived

with our senses easily without changing its chemical composition.
A. Intensive Physical Property C. Chemical Property
B. Extensive Physical Property D. Physical Property
2. It is the characteristic or trait that can be observed when a matter reacts to
another substance.
A. Intensive Physical Property C. Chemical Property
B. Extensive Physical Property D. Physical Property
3. It is the characteristic or trait of matter that does not depend on the amount.
A. Intensive Physical Property C. Chemical Property
B. Extensive Physical Property D. Physical Property
4. It is the shorthand of expressing the types and the number of atoms in a
substance
A. Chemical Formula C. Common Name B. Chemical
Name D. Empirical Formula
5. What is the chemical name of H2O?
A. Dihydrogen oxide C. Hydrogen and Oxygen
B. Hydrogen oxide D. Water
6. Carbon dioxide CO2 is composed of how many elements?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
7. It is the final good that is bought by individuals or households for personal
use. It also refers to the goods that are bought for consumption by the
average consumer.
A. Chemical C. Consumer products
B. Clothes D. Needs
8. What refers to the ingredients/ constituents of a consumer product?
A. Composition C. Quality
B. Cost D. Quantity
9. What separating method is used to separate the liquid layer known as
supernatant and a heavy insoluble solid known as precipitate by allowing the
said solid to settle at the bottom of the container then the liquid above the
solid is poured off carefully into another container.
A. Centrifugation C. Distillation
B. Decantation D. Filtration
10. What separating technique/ process involves the evaporation and
condensation of a liquid solvent from a mixture or solution.
A. Centrifugation C. Distillation

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 B. Decantation D. Filtration
11. Matter can be classified according to their properties. Which of these is a
chemical property of matter?
A. Color C. shape
B. Combustibility D. Volume
12. Which of the following is an intensive property of matter?
A. Length C. Mass
B. Malleability D. Volume
13. How many hydrogen atom is/ are present in the chemical formula
C6H12O6?
A. 3 B. 6 C. 12 D. 24
14. Glucose (C6H12O6) is composed of how many atoms?
A. 3 B. 6 C. 12 D. 24
15. In buying consumer products, which of these should a costumer
consider? The costumer should consider the product’s…
A. composition C. quality
B. cost D. A, B and C
16. Maria is choosing which will she buy among the four brands of shampoo.
Brand A, B, C and D have the same composition. On the other hand, Brand
A and B cost 65.50 pesos, Brand C cost 65.90 pesos while Brand D cost
64.50 pesos. Which among the shampoo will she buy?
A. Brand A C. Brand C
B. Brand B D. Brand D
17. All can be used to separate heterogeneous mixture except…
A. filtration C. distillation
B. decantation D. mechanical separation
18. A coffee filter is used to separate coffee liquid from ground, this is a suitable
example of ____
A. filtration C. distillation
B. decantation D. mechanical separation
19. Which of the following properties is classified as chemical property of matter?
A. Silicon is hard.
B. Ice floats on water.
C. Sulfur is bright yellow.
D. Hydrogen catches fire when ignited in air.
20. Lye is commonly used in soap making. Its chemical formula is NaOH. What
is its chemical name?
A. Hydrogen oxide C. Sodium Chloride
B. Sodium Carbonate D. Sodium Hydroxide
21. Consumer products may post danger or harm when misuse or abuse.
Which of these is an example of misused in using consumer products.
A. Shampoo is used to remove dandruff.
B. Pesticides sprayed on the rice fields to eradicate pests.
C. Rugby is used as inhalant by drug dependent individuals.

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 D. Uranium pellets are used as a fuel in generating electricity in power plants.
22. Which of these consumer products are made intended to cause harm?
A. Antacids C. Rubbing alcohol
B. Gun Powder D. Rugby

23. Which of the following mixtures could NOT be used in separating the
components of mixtures through decantation? A. Quail egg in hot water C.
Sand in glass of water
B. Sugar in hot water D. Utensils in warm water

24. When a candle is lighted, it melts. The wax then vaporizes. Finally, it burns.
Which is the correct order of changes that took place?
A. chemical, physical, physical
B. physical, chemical, chemical
C. physical, physical, chemical
D. chemical, chemical, chemical

25. Limestone or calcium carbonate is a major component of cement. What is its

chemical formula?
A. Ca B. CaCO3 C. CaOH D. NaHCO3

Reference:
Luciana V. Ilao, Betty M. Lontoc and Edwehna Elinore S. Paderna –
Gayon, General Chemistry 1, First Edition. Rex Bookstore. 2016

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Answer Key
A.
1. Chemical Property 6. Physical Property
2. Physical Property 7. Chemical Property
3. Physical Property 8. Physical Property
4. Chemical Property 9. Physical Property
5. Physical Property 10. Chemical Property

B.
1. Physical Property 4. Chemical Property
2. Physical Property 5. Physical Property
3. Chemical Property 6. Physical Property

C.
1. Intensive Property 6. Intensive Property
2. Intensive Property 7. Intensive Property
3. Extensive Property 8. Intensive Property
4. Intensive Property 9. Extensive Property
5. Extensive Property 10. Intensive Property

Activity 2
Chemical Chemical Name Common Composition
Formula Name and number
of atoms

1. NaCl Sodium Chloride Table Salt Na = 1 and Cl = 1

2. NH3 Nitrogen trihydride Ammonia N = 1 and H = 3

3. C12H22O11 Dihydroxy – 2, 5 – bis Sucrose C = 12, H=22, O =

(hydroxymethyl) oxolan 11

4.CH4 Carbon tetrahydride Methane C = 1, H= 4

5. C9H8O4 Hydorxycinnamic acid Caffeic acid C = 9, H= 8, O=4

6. NaOH Sodium Hydoxide Lye Na= 1, O = 1, H =

1
7.CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate Limestone Ca= 1, C= 1, O = 3

8. CaO Calcium Oxide Quicklime Ca = 1, O = 1

9.C2H5OH Ethanol Ethyl C=1, H= 6, O= 1
Alcohol
10. NH4 Nitrogen tetrahydride Ammonium N = 1, H=4
Note: There are items here that have other chemical name aside from the
given answer.

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