SPECIALIZED SUBJECT-HUMSS

DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE APPLIED

SOCIAL SCIENCES
_____ Semester, SY _____________
QUARTER 1, MODULE 3
PROFESSIONALS AND PRACTITIONERS IN
COUNSELLING

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Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences
Self-Learning Module
1st Semester – Module 3: Professionals and Practitioners in Counseling
First Edition, 2021

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 Lesson PROFESSIONALS AND
PRACTITIONERS IN COUNSELING

INTRODUCTION

Hello Senior High! In this lesson, you will learn to:

• value rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities of counsellors; and
• distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors among counsellors
Before we proceed, do you know that counsellors have rights, responsibilities, and
accountabilities?
Do you still remember your lesson on career opportunities of counsellors? Career
opportunities for counsellors cover corporate environment in human resource departments,
school student services departments, academe, NGOs, court, detentions and prison setting, as
well as wide range of human development service providers. They can work as individual
professionals or as members of a team or as employees in agencies and department that deal
with people.
For you, what are the rights, responsibilities and accountabilities of counsellors?
As state registered and licensed professionals, counsellors are protected. They are
governed by scientific theories, practices, and processes as well as professional standards and
ethics. They are responsible for the practice of their profession in accordance with their mandates
and professional guidelines and ethics. Furthermore, they are accountable with their clients, the
professional body, and the government. It is critical that the counselor and the client fully
understand the nature of the concerns, which may lead to contact to take action on a mutually
agreed upon problem (Peterson & Nisenholz 1987).

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 LESSON AND PRACTICES

RIGHT, RESPONSIBILITIES AND CODE OF ETHICS

1. To help children

2. To assist those life- threatening problems

3. To aid people in overcoming addictions

4. To protect and uphold respect for the

inherent worth and dignity of all people as
expressed in the United Nations Universal
Declaration of Human Rights (1948)

5. To promote social justice to the people and

to the people with whom they work

6. To apply the professional values and

principles set out above their practice

7. To act with integrity and treat people with

compassion, empathy, and care

The rights of social workers are partially outlined. Social worker’s rights include the right
to fulfill its professional mandates and to live by its values. Its responsibilities cover those that
pertain to the dispensation of its basic functions, roles, professional standards, and adhesive to
its local and international codes of ethics. Social worker is accountable to the clients, the general
public, and the society.
Accountability of social worker is to the clients, colleagues, employers, professional
associations, and to the law. Social workers are accountable for their actions to the values and
principles of the profession, which require them to act in a reliable, honest, and trustworthy
manner. They are answerable to their clients, professional bodies like registered social workers
(RSW), certified social workers (CSW), licensed social worker (LSW), licensed clinical social
workers (LCSW), and licensed independent social workers (LISW) organization, and the laws
promulgated and enforced by appropriate government agencies. Code of ethics help counsellors
to remind them of their rights, responsibilities and accountabilities in the counseling profession.
The rights, responsibilities and accountabilities of the counsellors are based on the counselor’s
associations of Code of Conduct.
The code of ethics of counsellors is divided into seven sections, namely, (a) counseling
relationship, (b) confidentiality (c) professional responsibility (d) relationships with other
professionals, (e) evaluation, assessment, and interpretation, (f) teaching, training and
supervision (g) research and publication. (Gladding, 2000). We shall only be presenting in details
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three of the seven areas, namely, counseling relationships, confidentiality, and professional
responsibility. The following three tables below provide a sample code of ethics of the American
Counseling Association.

AREAS DESCRIPTION
The Counseling Relationships
1. Client welfare Counselor’s primary responsibility is to respect the dignity and
promote the welfare of clients. They are also expected to
encourage client’s growth. Counsellors and clients are expected
to work together in crafting individual counseling plans consistent
with the client’s circumstances.
2. Respecting Diversity Counsellors do not engage in discrimination based on age, color,
culture, disability, ethnic group, gender, race, religion, sexual
orientation, marital status and socio-economic status.
Counsellors shall respect differences and understand the diverse
cultural backgrounds of their clients.
3. Client Rights Counsellors shall disclose the purposes, goals, techniques,
procedures, limitations, potential risks, benefits of the services to
be performed and other pertinent information to the client
throughout the counseling process. Counsellors offer clients the
freedom to choose whether to enter into a counseling
relationship and determine which professional will provide
counseling, except when the client is unable to give consent.
4. Clients Served by In cases where the client is receiving services from another
others mental health professional, with clients consent, inform the
professional person already involved to develop an agreement.
5. Personal Needs and Maintain the clients and avoid actions that seek to meet their
values personal needs at the expense of the clients. Counsellors shall
be aware of their values, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior and how
these apply in a diverse society and avoid imposing their values
on clients.
6. Dual Relationships Counsellors are aware of their influential position over their
clients avoid the exploiting the trust and dependency of the
clients. Counsellors should not accept as superiors or
subordinate’s clients’.
7. Sexual Intimacies with Counsellors should not have any type of sexual intimacies with
Clients clients and do not counsel persons with whom they have sexual
relationship. Counsellors should not also engage with sexual
intimacies with their former clients within a minimum of two years.

8. Multiple Clients In cases where counsellors agree to provide counseling services

to two or more persons who have a relationship, counsellors
clarify at the outset which person or persons are clients and the
nature of relationship they will have with each other involved
person.

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9. Group Work Counsellors screen prospective group counseling / therapy
participants to determine those with compatible needs. In group
setting, counsellors take reasonable precautions to protect
clients from physical or psychological trauma.
10. Fees Prior to entering the counseling relationship, the counsellors
clearly explain the clients all financial arrangements related to
professional fees.
(Reference: Source: Gladding, 2000)

AREAS DESCRIPTION
Confidentiality
1.Right to Privacy ➢ Counsellors respect a client’s right to privacy and avoid
illegal and unwarranted disclosures of unwarranted
information.
➢ The right to privacy may be waived by the clients or their
legally recognized representative.
➢ The general requirement that the counsellors keep the
information confidential does not apply when disclosure is
required to prevent clear and imminent danger to the client
or others or when legal requirements demand that
confidential information is being revealed.
➢ Counsellors who received information confirming that a client
has a disease known to be communicable and fatal is
justified in disclosing information to an identifiable third party,
who by his/her relationship with the client is at high risk of
contracting the disease.
➢ When court orders the counsellors to release confidential
information without client’s permit, counsellors request to the
court that the disclosure should not be required due to
potential harm to client or counseling relationship.
2. Group and Families ➢ In group work, counsellors clearly define confidentiality and
parameters for the specific group being entered, explain its
importance, and discuss difficulties related to confidentiality
involved in group work.
➢ In family counseling, information about one family cannot be
disclosed to another member without permission.
3. Minor Incompetent ➢ When counseling clients who are minors or individuals who
client are unable to give voluntary, informed consent, parents or
guardians may be included in the counseling process as
appropriate.

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4. Records ➢ Counsellors maintain necessary records for rendering
professional services to their clients and as required by laws,
regulations, or agency or institution procedures.
➢ Counsellors are responsible for securing safety and
confidentiality of any counseling record they create,
maintain, transfer, or destroy whether the records are written,
taped, computerized, or stored in any other medium.
➢ Counsellors recognized that counseling records are kept for
the benefits of the clients therefore provide access to record
and copies of record when requested by competent clients
unless it contains information that may be misleading or
detrimental to the clients.
➢ Counsellors obtain written permission from clients to disclose
or transfer records to legitimate third parties unless exception
to confidentiality exists.
5. Research and Training ➢ Use of data derived from counseling relationships for
purposes of training, research, or publication is confined to
content that is disguised to ensure the anonymity of the
individuals involved. Identification of the client involved is
permissible only when the client has reviewed the material
and has agreed to its presentation or publication.
6. Consultation ➢ Information obtained in consulting relationship is discussed
for professional purposes only with persons clearly
concerned with the case. Before sharing information,
counsellors make efforts to ensure that there defined policies
that effectively protect the confidentiality of information with
other agencies serving the counsellors clients.
(Source: Gladding, 2000)
AREAS DESCRIPTION
Professional Responsibility
1. Standards Knowledge ➢ Counsellors have a responsibility to read, understand, and
follow the Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice
2.Professional ➢ Counsellors practice only within the boundaries of their
Competence competence based on their education, training, supervised
experience, state and national professional credentials and
appropriate professional experience. Counsellors will
demonstrate a commitment to gain knowledge, personal
awareness, sensitivity, and skills pertinent to working with
diverse client population.
➢ Counsellors practice specialty areas new with to them only
after appropriate education, training, and supervised
experience. While developing skills in new specialty area,
counsellors take step to ensure the competence of their work
and to protect other from possible harm.
➢ Counsellors accept employment only for positions which they
are qualified by education, training, supervise experience,
state and national professional credentials, and appropriate
professional experience. Counsellors continually monitor

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 their effectiveness as professionals and take steps to
improve their skills and knowledge.
➢ Counsellors refrain from offering or accepting professional
services when their physical, mental, or emotional problems
are like to harm clients or others.

ETHICAL AND UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR OF COUNSELLORS

As registered and licensed professionals, counsellors are protected. They are governed
by scientific theories, practices, and processes as well as professional standards and ethics.
ETHICAL AND UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR OF COUNSELLORS

As registered and licensed professionals, counsellors are protected. They are governed by
scientific theories, practices, and processes as well as professional standards and ethics.

It is critical that the counselor They are responsible for the practice of their
and the client fully profession in accordance with their mandates
understand the nature of the and professional guidelines and ethics.
concerns, which leads to a
contract to take action on a
mutually agreed upon They are accountable to
problem. their clients, the
professional body, and
the government.

Code of Ethics of Counsellors

• As in all professional practices in applied social sciences, counsellors must observe

confidentiality at all times. Without confidentiality, clients cannot trust the counsellors and
therefore make the profession impossible to practice.

• The code of ethics also states that counsellors live and work in accordance with the
professional standards of conduct set forth for the practice of guidance and counseling.
They should be people of high moral standing.

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FOUR OVERALL ETHICAL PRINCIPLES THAT SUBSUME A NUMBER OF SPECIFIC
ETHICAL STANDARDS:

PRINCIPLE Respect for the rights and dignity of the client.

Guidance counsellors honor and promote the fundamental rights,

1: moral and cultural values, dignity, and worth of clients. They

respect clients’ rights to privacy, confidentiality, self-
determination and autonomy, consistent with the law.

PRINCIPLE Competence.
Guidance counsellors maintain and update their professional skills.

2: They recognize the limits of their expertise, engage in self-care, and

seek support and supervision to maintain the standard of their work.
They offer only those services for which they are qualified by
education, training, and experience.
PRINCIPLE Responsibility.
Guidance counsellors are aware of their professional responsibility to

3: act in a trustworthy, reputable, and accountable manner toward

clients, colleagues, and the community in which they work and live.
They avoid doing harm, take responsibility for their professional
actions; and adopt a systematic approach to resolving ethical
dilemmas.
PRINCIPLE Integrity. Guidance counsellors seek to promote integrity in their
practice. They represent themselves accurately and treat others with

4: honesty, straightforwardness, and fairness. They deal actively with

conflicts of interest, avoid exploiting others, and are alert to
inappropriate behavior on the part of colleagues.

The Code of Ethics goes into specifics to detail professional behavior from respect for
fundamental rights, moral and cultural values, dignity and worth of clients to respect for rights to
privacy, confidentiality, self-determination and autonomy, consistent with the law, and ensuring
that the client understands and consents to whatever professional action they propose. Hence,
Codes define parameters for general respect, privacy and confidentiality, informed consent and
freedom of consent, and recognition of limits of competence.

UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR OF A COUNSELOR

First let us consider what would constitute unethical behavior from a counselor. Consider
this list.

1. Incompetence, that is, inadequate knowledge and the absence of skills

necessary for professional behavior.

2. Lack of integrity, moral commitment and sound professional judgment to

adhere to acceptable standards of right and wrong action.

3. Violating confidences. Information presented in a counseling relationship is

confidential

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 4. Exceeding the level of professional competence. Counselors must recognize
their strengths and limitations in serving their clients in the most competent
manner or refer them to other experts.

5. Imposing values on clients. It is a responsibility of counselors to be aware of

his/her values and of their impact on others.

6. Creating dependence on the part of the clients to meet the counselor's own
needs, e.g., sexual relations and social interactions.

7. Improper advertising, especially advertising that presents the counselor as

one who has the skills, competence and/or credentials that he, or she, does not
actually possess.

8. Charging fees for private counseling to those who are entitled to free services
through the counselor's employing institution, and/or using one's job to recruit
clients for a private practice.

PRACTICE EXERCISES
PRACTICE EXERCISE 1: MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE

Directions: Read each statement carefully. Write T on the line if you think the statement is TRUE.
If FALSE, change the word or group of words to make the whole statement true.

STATEMENT/QUESTION TRUE/FALSE CORRECTED

WORD/STATEMENT
1. Counselor’s primary responsibility is to
respect the dignity and promote the
welfare of clients.
2. Counselor’s do not recognized the limits
of their expertise, engage in self-care, and
seek support and supervision to maintain the
standard of their work.
3. As in all professional practices in applied
social sciences, counsellors must observe
confidentiality at all times.
4. When counseling clients who are minors
or individuals who are unable to give
voluntary, informed consent, parents or
guardians may not be included in the
counseling process as appropriate.

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 5. Counsellors shall respect differences
and understand the diverse cultural
backgrounds of their clients.
6. Information obtained in consulting
relationship is discussed for professional
purposes only with persons clearly
concerned with the case
7. Use of data derived from counseling
relationships for purposes of training,
research, or publication is confined to
content that is disguised to ensure the
anonymity of the individuals involved.
8. Counsellors continue from offering or
accepting professional services when
their physical, mental, or emotional problems
are like to harm clients or others.
9. Counsellors shall not disclose the
purposes, goals, techniques, procedures,
limitations, potential risks, benefits of the
services to be performed and other pertinent
information to the client throughout the
counseling process.
10. In cases where the client is receiving
services from another mental health
professional, with clients consent,
counsellors will not inform the
professional person already involved to
develop an agreement.

PRACTICE EXERCISE 2: CATEGORIZE ME!

Directions: Identify whether the following statement is ETHICAL or UNETHICAL. Write your
answer on the space provided before each number.

_______________1. Respecting client’s rights and dignity.

_______________2. Incompetence or inadequate knowledge and the absence of skills in
exercising professional counselling.
_______________3. Lack of integrity, moral commitment and sound professional judgement
to adhere to acceptable standards of right and wrong.
_______________4. Enhancing the quality of relationships between clients.
_______________5. Striving for the fair and adequate provision of counselling and
psychotherapy services.
_______________6. Violating confidences of information presented in counselling process.
_______________7. Charging fees for private counselling to those who are entitled to free
services.
_______________8. Protecting the safety of the clients.
_______________9. Increasing personal effectiveness.
_______________10. Enhancing the quality of professional knowledge in counselling and its
application.
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 PRACTICE EXERCISE 3: REFLECTIVE ESSAY

Guided Question:

If you will be given a chance to become a counselor are you going to grab it? Why or Why
not? Attached is a rubric in doing this activity.
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

REFLECTION PAPER RUBRIC

5 3 2
Information is very well Information is The information
Organization organized with well- organized but appears
constructed paragraphs are not disorganized and
paragraphs, use of well-constructed and is suspect to
subheadings, and information is factual. being correct and
information is factual factual.
and correct.
Information clearly Information clearly Information has
Quality of Information relates to the main relates to the main little to do with the
topic. It includes topic. It provides 1-2 main topic.
several supporting supporting details
details. and/ or examples.
No grammatical, A few grammatical, Many
Mechanics spelling or punctuation spelling or grammatical,
errors. punctuation errors. spelling, or
punctuation
errors.

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Direction: Please write your learning from the above discussion. Write your learning in your
notebook/answer sheet.

Upon reading the lesson above, I learned that…

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

and realized that …

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

WRITTEN WORKS

ASSESSMENT

Directions: Read the statement carefully. Choose and encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. Counsellors and clients are expected to work together in crafting individual counseling plans
consistent with the client’s circumstances.

a. Client’s Welfare b. Clients Rights c. Dual Relationships d. Respecting Diversity

2. Counsellors offer clients the freedom to choose whether to enter into a counseling relationship
and determine which professional will provide counseling, except when the client is unable to
give consent.

a. Clients Welfare b. Clients Rights c. Dual Relationships d. Respecting Diversity

3. Counsellors do not engage in discrimination based on age, color, culture, disability, ethnic
group, gender, race, religion, sexual orientation, marital status and socio economic status.

a. Clients Welfare b. Clients Rights c. Dual Relationships d. Respecting Diversity

4. Counsellors are aware of their influential position over their clients avoid the exploiting the trust
and dependency of the clients.

a. Clients Welfare b. Clients Rights c. Dual Relationships d. Respecting Diversity

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5. Counsellors recognize the limits of their expertise, engage in self-care, and seek support and
supervision to maintain the standard of their work.

a. Competence b. Integrity c. Respect of rights d. Responsibility

6. Guidance counsellors honor and promote the fundamental rights, moral and cultural values,
dignity, and worth of clients.

a. Competence b. Integrity c. Respect of rights d. Responsibility

7. Counsellors deal actively with conflicts of interest, avoid exploiting others, and are alert to
inappropriate behavior on the part of colleagues.

a. Competence b. Integrity c. Respect of rights d. Responsibility

8. Guidance counsellors are aware of their professional responsibility to act in a trustworthy,

reputable, and accountable manner toward clients, colleagues, and the community in which they
work and live.

a. Competence b. Integrity c. Respect of rights d. Responsibility

9. This is a counseling relationship where counsellors screen prospective group counseling /

therapy participants to determine those with compatible needs.

a. Dual Relationship b. Fees c. Group Work d. Multiple Client

10. Prior to entering the counseling relationship, the counsellors clearly explain the clients all
financial arrangements related to professional fees.

a. Dual Relationship b. Fees c. Group Work d. Multiple Client

PERFORMANCE TASK
Directions: Amidst COVID-19 pandemic crisis, make an Infographics to promote the profession
of the counsellors in our community. Make it comprehensive by including information about
responsibilities, and accountabilities of a professional counselor. Attached is a rubric in doing
your activity.

INFOGRAPHIC RUBRIC

CONTENTS MASTERING DEVELOPING BEGINNING

(11-15 POINTS) (6-10 POINTS) (1-5 POINTS)
TOPIC The topic of The topic of The topic of
Infographics is Infographics may be Infographics is hard
intended to inform or a bit too broad to to ascertain and
convince the viewer. allow the viewer to needs to be made
understand the main more specific.
points.
TYPE The type of The type of The type of
Infographics chosen Infographics chosen Infographics chosen
(i.e. timeline, represents the does not convey the
informational, etc.) content being chosen information well or
highly supports the but another type may
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 content being lead to more clarity support the content
presented. for the viewer. being presented.
OBJECTS The objects included Some objects Too many different
in Infographics are included in types of objects are
repeated to support Infographics are used in Infographics
various data points repeated but the and that makes it
and to make it easier Infographics did not hard for the viewer to
for the viewer to seem to include understand the
understand the enough repeated content.
Infographics. elements to make it
understandable.
DATA The data visualization The data visualization Other data
VISUALIZATIONS formats chosen make formats chosen visualization formats
the data presented showcase the data should be chosen to
easy for the viewer to but some may make it best showcase the
understand the difficult for the viewer data presentation for
information. to understand the the viewer.
points.
FONTS The font(s) used in The Infographics The font(s) used in
Infographics make includes multiple Infographics make
the text almost fronts which do not the text almost
unreadable. seem related to the unreadable.
Infographics topic.

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 Elias M. Sampa, Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences,(2017) by Rex
Book Store, 25-32.

Gibson, Robert L. and Mitchell ,Marriane H. Introduction to Counseling and guidance.

(Sixth edition). NJ: Merill Prentice Hall, 2003.

Gladding, Samuel T. Counseling: A Comprehensive Profession. ( Fourth Edition) .NJ

and Ohio : Merill Prentice Hall,2000.

Kaplan, David M., Tarvydas, Vilia M. and Gladding, Samuel T. “20/20: A Vision for the
Future of the Counseling: The New Consensus Definition of Counseling.” Journal of
Counseling and Development. Volume 92, 2014.

Mcleod, John. An introduction to Counseling. (Third Edition). Buckingham and

Philadelphia: Open University Press ,2003.
Nystul , Michael. Introduction to Counseling : An Art and Science Perspective.( Second
Edition ). USA: Allyn and Bacon, 2003.

Santrock, John W. Psychology. ( Seventh Edition) .USA: Mc Graw Hill,2003

http://ethics.iit.edu/ecodes/node/5132

https://www.oerafrica.org/FTPFolder/Website%20Materials/Health/KCN-
HealthOER/Unit3/001.html

https://billyjawboiles.wordpress.com/2020/09/15/lesson-3-the-professionals-and-
practitionersin-the-discipline-of-counseling/

Photo Credits:

Photos and illustrations by ARPAVIL

Photos retrieved from http://www.free-powerpoint-templates-design.com

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 Key to Practice Exercises

A. MOTIVATION QUESTION-ANSWERS MAY VARY

B. REVIEW-ANSWERS MAY VARY
C. PRACTICAL EXERCISES

A. Practical Exercise 1
1. True
2. Recognize the limits of their expertise
3. True
4. Parents or guardians be included in the counseling process as appropriate
5. True
6. True
7. True
8. Refrain from offering professional services
9. Shall disclose
10. Counsellors will inform the professional person

B. Practical Exercise 2
1. Ethical 6. Unethical
2. Unethical 7. Unethical
3. Unethical 8. Ethical
4. Ethical 9. Ethical
5. Ethical 10. Unethical

C. Practical Exercise 3

Answers may vary

D. INSIGHTS FROM THE LESSON

Answers may vary

F. ASSESSMENT
1. A 6. C
2. B 7. B
3. D 8. D
4. C 9. C
5. A 10. B

G. PERFORMANCE TASK
Answers May vary
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