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Home » Blog » Battery Chargers » PWM Solar Battery Charger Circuit

PWM Solar Battery Charger Circuit

LAST UPDATED ON DECEMBER 23, 2021 BY SWAGATAM — 118 COMMENTS

This simple, enhanced, 5V zero drop PWM solar battery charger circuit can be used in conjunction with any solar panel for
charging cellphones or cell phone batteries in multiple numbers quickly, basically the circuit is capable of charging any
battery whether Li-ion or Lead acid which may be within the 5V range.

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Contents  741 IC Circuits (19)
1. Using TL494 for the Buck Converter Ampli ers (59)
1.1. Circuit Diagram
Arduino Engineering Projects (83)
2. Generating Precise PWM output
2.1. PWM Control Audio Projects (94)
2.2. Current Control Battery Chargers (83)
2.3. For Higher Voltages
Car and Motorcycle (94)
Datasheets (46)
Using TL494 for the Buck Converter
Decorative Lighting (Diwali, Christmas) (32)
The design is based on a SMPS buck converter topology using the IC TL 494 (I have become a big fan of this IC). Thanks
DIY LED Projects (91)
to "Texas Instruments" for providing this wonderful IC to us.
Electronic Components (99)

You may want to learn more about this chip from this post which explains the complete datasheet of IC TL494 Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory (36)
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We know that a 5V solar charger circuit can be easily built using linear ICs such as LM 317 or LM 338, you can nd more Sensors and Detectors (120)

info on this by reading the following articles: SG3525 IC (5)

Simple Circuits (76)
Simple solar charger circuit
SMPS (29)
Simple current controlled charger circuit Solar Controllers (60)
Timer and Delay Relay (53)
However the biggest drawback with these linear battery chargers is the emission of heat through their body or through
TL494 IC (5)
case dissipation, which results in wastage of precious power. Due to this issue these IC are unable to produce a zero drop
Transformerless Power Supply (8)
voltage output for the load and always require at least 3V higher inputs than the speci ed outputs.
Transmitter Circuits (40)
The circuit of the 5V charger explained here is completely free from all these hassles, let's learn how an ef cient working Ultrasonic Projects (16)
is achieved from the proposed circuit. Water Level Controller (45)

Referring to the above 5V PWM solar battery charger circuit, the IC TL494 forms the heart of the entire application.

The IC is a specialized PWM processor IC, which is used here for controlling a buck converter stage, responsible for
converting the high input voltage into a preferred lower level output.

The input to the circuit can be anywhere between 10 and 40V, which becomes the ideal range for the solar panels.

CALCULATORS

AWG to Millimeter Converter

Battery Back up Time Calculator
The key features of the IC includes: Capacitance Reactance Calculator
IC 555 Astable Calculator
Generating Precise PWM output
IC 555 Monostable Calculator
In order to generate accurate PWMs, the IC includes a precise 5V reference made by using bandgap concept which makes
Inductance Calculator
it thermally immune. This 5V reference which is achieved at pin#14 of the IC becomes the base voltage for all the crucial
LC Resonance Calculator
triggers involved within the IC and responsible for the PWM processing.
LM317, LM338, LM396 Calculator
The IC consists of a pair of outputs which can be either con gured to oscillate alternately in a totem pole con guration, Ohm’s Law Calculator
or both at a time like a single ended oscillating output. The rst option becomes suitable for push-pull type of Phase Angle Phase Shift Calculator
applications such as in inverters etc. Power Factor (PF) Calculator
Reactance Calculator
However for the present application a single ended oscillating output becomes more favorable and this is achieved by
Small Signal Transistor(BJT) and Diode Quick
grounding pin#13 of the IC, alternatively for achieving a push pull output pin#13 could be hooked up with pin#14, we
Datasheet
have discussed this in our previous article already.
Transistor Astable Calculator
The outputs of the IC has a very useful and an interesting set up internally. The outputs are terminated via two transistors Transistor base Resistor Calculator
inside the IC. These transistors are arranged with an open emitter/collector across the pin9/10 and pins 8/11 Voltage Divider Calculator
respectively. Wire Current Calculator

For applications which require a positive output, the emitters can be used as the outputs, which are available from Zener Diode Calculator

pins9/10. For such applications normally an NPN BJT or an Nmosfet would be con gured externally for accepting the
positive frequency across the pin9/10 of the IC.

In the present design since a PNP is used with the IC outputs, a negative sinking voltage becomes the right choice, and
therefore instead of pin9/10, we have linked pin8/11 with the output stage consisting of the PNP/NPN  hybrid stage.
These outputs provide suf cient sinking current for powering the output stage and for driving the high current buck
converter con guration.

PWM Control
The PWM implementation, which becomes the crucial aspect for the circuit is achieved by feeding a sample feedback
signal to the internal error ampli er of the IC through its non-inverting input pin#1.

This PWM input can be seen hooked up with the output from the buck converter via the potential divider R8/R9, and this
feedback loop inputs the required data to the IC so that the IC is able to generate controlled PWMs across the outputs in
order to keep the output voltage consistently at 5V.

Other output voltage can be xed by simply altering the values of R8/R9 as per ones own application needs.

Current Control
The IC has two error ampli ers set internally for controlling the PWM in response to external feedback signals. One of the
error amp is used for controlling the 5V outputs as discussed above, the second error amp is employed for controlling the
output current.

R13 forms the current sensing resistor, the potential developed across it is fed to one of  inputs pin#16 of the second
error amp which is compared by the reference at pin#15 set on the other input of the opamp.

In the proposed design it is set at 10amp through R1/R2, meaning in case the output current tends to increase above
10amps, the pin16 can be expected to go higher than the reference pin15 initiating the required PWM contraction until
the current is restricted back to the speci ed levels.

Buck Power Converter

The power stage shown in the design is a standard power buck converter stage, using a hybrid Darlington pair transistors
NTE153/NTE331.

This hybrid Darlington stage responds to the PWM controlled frequency from pin8/11 of the IC and operate the buck
converter stage consisting of a high current inductor and a high speed switching diode NTE6013.

The above stage produces a precise 5v output ensuring minimum dissipation and a prefect zero drop output.

The coil or the inductor can be wound over any ferrite core using a three parallel strands of super enameled copper wire
each with a diameter of 1mm, the inductance value can be anywhere near 140uH for the proposed design.

Thus this 5V solar battery charger circuit can be considered as an ideal and extremely ef cient solar charger circuit for all
types of solar battery charging applications.

For Higher Voltages

For solar panels with higher voltages, such as 60 V solar panels, the design can upgraded by adding zener diode regulator
at pin12 of the TL494, as shown below:

You'll also like:

1.  Convert SMPS into a Solar Charger
2.  How to Make Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell or Solar Cell from Fruit Tea
3.  18650 2600mAh Battery Datasheet and Working
4.  Simple Greenhouse Temperature Regulator Circuit
5.  Greywater Puri er Desalination System
6.  Laptop Power Bank Circuit

About Swagatam
I am an electronic engineer (dipIETE ), hobbyist, inventor, schematic/PCB designer, manufacturer. I am also the
founder of the website: https://www.homemade-circuits.com/, where I love sharing my innovative circuit ideas
and tutorials.
If you have any circuit related query, you may interact through comments, I'll be most happy to help!

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john williams says

May 26, 2022 at 7:47 pm
Hi my name is John and I am looking for a circuit for a mppt charge controller circuit to work with high voltage input say
36-48 volts and supply 12v output around 30-40 amps can you help

REPLY

Swagatam says
May 26, 2022 at 8:03 pm
Hi John, I am sorry, I do not have the speci c circuit you are looking for. MPPT is a dif cult subject otherwise I could
have tried to design it for you!

REPLY

Jim King says

August 6, 2021 at 7:12 am
Hi Swagatam, I was searching for information on how to step down voltage and came across your Homemade Circuit
Project page by accident. It is very informative but sadly it’s mostly Greek to me. I’m looking for info: I wanted to use a
12v auto battery on a trickle charge to keep a cellular device 3.8v Li ion constantly charging without damage to the
battery or the cellular device. The cellular device battery only lasts about 3-4 hrs because of the distance of the cell
tower. The instructions that came with the cell device says you must remove the charger once the battery is charged. Is
doing what I want to do possible? Or is it the same as keeping a charger plugged in continually?  I found this XL4015 5A
DC Buck Step-down Adjustable Voltage Power Converter w/ LED Voltmeter on Ebay.  
Specs on this converter:  
Input volt range: 4-38V, DC
Output volt range: 1.2-36V,
DC Max output current 5A
Max Continuous Output Current: 3.5A
Current Conversion: DC to DC
I thought this might work?  The problem I have with all of this is I know nothing about this type of work. I’m a
Millwright, Mechanic, Hydraulic repairman & Bagpiper. 🙂 Thank you for your time
Have A Blessed Day 
Jim

REPLY

Swagatam says
August 6, 2021 at 1:46 pm
Thank you Jim, you can use the XL4015 buck converter for your purpose.
The full charge level of a 3.7 V Li-Ion cell is 4.2 V, and the charger strictly requires to cut off once this voltage level is
reached. However, if you adjust the charger to produce only 4.1 V, that would allow you to get rid of the cut off circuit,
since at 4.1 V the cell can be kept connected to the charger inde nitely. The only downside is that the cell will be
charged only up to 80 to 85%, which is not bad actually considering the fact the this condition has more bene ts
than losses.

However the current can be an isssue, whch must be ideally adjusted to 0.5 C, meaning at a current level that is 50%
of the mAh rating of the cell.

REPLY

Jim King says

August 10, 2021 at 8:00 am
Hi Swagatam, thank you very much for explaining everything to me about the charger & settings. I will certainly give
it a go in making this step down charger. What I’m understanding about the battery is if I change to other batteries
that have different mAh, I will have to change mAh current according to the particular battery I am using, am I correct
in this thought?  Thanks again for your time Have A Blessed Day! Jim

REPLY

Swagatam says
August 10, 2021 at 9:21 am
You are welcome Jim! Yes that’s correct, for every battery, the mAH value will need to considered and the input
current adjusted accordingly.

REPLY

Joe Brands says

May 15, 2021 at 10:08 pm
Hi Swagatam,
My input voltage from solar panel is about 40v instead of 32v in the diagram. What is the implication of this? Can I still
use the circuit for the solar panel?

REPLY

Swagatam says
May 16, 2021 at 10:48 am
Hi Joe, the maximum tolerable voltage spec of the IC is 40V, so it won’t be safe to use 40 V as the input

REPLY

Joe Brands says

May 17, 2021 at 12:37 pm
I need your advice on this:
I got a cheap buck converter that can charge my 12v 100AH battery but the issue is leaving it permanently connected
to the battery even while I am away. Will the solar panel draw the battery voltage when it is night? Do i need to
connect a diode at the input and output?
The buck converter is the SZBK07 DC-DC converter I don’t know if you know about it.
Features:
– Input voltage: DC 6-40V (10-40V recommended)
– Output voltage: DC 1.2-36V
– Output current: DC maximum 20A (15A recommended)
– Output power: maximum 300W
– DC-DC converter: step down (buck)

REPLY

Swagatam says
May 17, 2021 at 1:24 pm
Hi, yes you will need a diode to protect against the reverse drain of the battery through the panel, during night
time.

REPLY

Joe Brands says

May 17, 2021 at 1:29 pm
so does it mean I need 2 diodes or just one? Input or output or both?
And again, what value of diode can you suggest?
Thanks for you help

REPLY

Swagatam says
May 17, 2021 at 1:52 pm
Just one diode on the positive line is enough…

REPLY

Joe Brands says

May 12, 2021 at 1:20 am
Hi Hi Swagatam,

Can I use an inductor coil that is 150uH without a ferrite rod or core. The one I got is only wire (copper) coiled.

REPLY

Swagatam says
May 12, 2021 at 7:56 am
You can try it, might work

REPLY

Joe Brands says

May 12, 2021 at 1:18 am
Hi Swagatam,
Please I need clarity on the negative input and output points. Will both points be taken from 0v or ground?

REPLY

Swagatam says
May 12, 2021 at 7:56 am
Hi Joe, all the ground symbols correspond to the negative line, and this line is common to both input and output

REPLY

chandrasekhar says
August 26, 2021 at 2:27 pm
Hi Swagtam you might worng. The ground is not common for both input and output. Output gnd is connected with
0.1ohm shunt resistor and output gnd comes frm that other pin of shunt resistor.

Also where could I got 4K, 5.1k, 510 ohm and 51 K.?
The datasheet of TL494 also shows. however we can build custom resistor with series. but that is not feseable.

REPLY

Swagatam says
August 26, 2021 at 4:16 pm
Hi Chandrashkhar, yes you are right, in the above circuit there’s a current limiter resistor which I totally missed. But
normally in other DC circuits the ground is the negative common line for all the stages.

You can build custom resistors by connecting other available resistors in series and parallel, appropriately.

REPLY

Joe Brands says

May 10, 2021 at 8:29 pm
Also I wanted to be sure: the 2.5mf capacitor is electrolytic right? What should be the volts?
In place of the NTE6013, can I use 6A4, byx71 or in5408?

REPLY

Swagatam says
May 11, 2021 at 8:32 am
yes the 2.5uF is an electrolytic capacitor, its voltage can be 50 V. You can use any recti er diode whose current rating
is minimum 2 times the load current.

REPLY

Joe Brands says

May 10, 2021 at 7:54 pm
Hi Swagatam,
If I may ask, what is the value of the capacitor at the output near the L1 inductor coil?
Also can I use 51k in place of 50k?

REPLY

Swagatam says
May 11, 2021 at 8:30 am
Hi Joe, that capacitor is the lter capacitor, should be a high value capacitor above 2200uF

REPLY

Pablo says
January 28, 2021 at 12:49 pm
Hi Swagatam,
Can the circuit be redesigned to charge 12 VDC batteries? It seems that reference voltages and other components must
be changed. What do you think?

REPLY

Swagatam says
January 28, 2021 at 5:54 pm
Hi Pablo, it can be done by replacing R9 with a 10k preset, and adjusting this preset to get 14V at the output

REPLY

Joe Brands says

May 10, 2021 at 1:49 am
Dear Swagatam,
For the 10k VR, which of the pins will be connected since we have 2 points in the diagram?

REPLY

Swagatam says
May 10, 2021 at 9:29 am
Hello Joe, you can use the center lead of the preset and any one of the other leads, and leave the third lead
unconnected.

REPLY

Abuesak says
December 10, 2020 at 1:05 am
Thank you Swagatam for your interest and reply. I welcome your suggestion. I will build the circuit. We meet. Greetings to
you.

REPLY

Swagatam says
December 10, 2020 at 8:02 pm
No problem, Abuesak!

REPLY

Ricardo Sanchez says

December 9, 2020 at 6:02 am
Greatly appreciate all of your examples and certainly learning lots from you. I am currently working on a charging circuit
that can be plugged into a 220 or 3 phase power connection. I have a 5kW transformer that can take the 220 Volt and
provide 100 amps in current. I am currently using the 120 to 120 output and connecting to a recti er. I want to charge
144v battery sets at 100amps but the output is 180 dc with capacitor lter. How can I bring the voltage down from
180vdc down to lets say 150vdc without restricting the current so that I can can charge multiple sets of 144 batteries at
maximum current. Otherwise I will have to break it down to 48vdc sets and recombine which will make it hectic
swapping more batteries and increase current handling requirements. Thank you very much

REPLY

Swagatam says
December 9, 2020 at 5:51 pm
Thank you, and glad you are nding my articles useful.

You can try applying the last concept from the following article:

https://www.homemade-circuits.com/low-dropout-5v-12v-regulator-circuits-using-transistors/

However, you will have to upgrade the transistor numbers accordingly so that they are rated to handle up to 200V

The wattage of the 20k will be 10 watts, and the zener will need to be 150V, whose value will decide the output
voltage

REPLY

Abuesak says
December 8, 2020 at 1:31 pm
Happy day I hope you are ne Swagatam, I would like you to help me complete my battery charger project with TL494 to
Buck Converter and clarify the numbers Q1, Q2, R8 and R9 value which corresponds to my application, Greetings to you.

REPLY

Swagatam says
December 9, 2020 at 2:27 pm
Thank you Abuesak, I would rather suggest you to rst make the smaller basic design as given in the above article. If
you are able to build it successfully, then you can simply upgrade the transistors and the coil accordingly through a
quick online search regarding these parts

REPLY

Abuesak says
December 3, 2020 at 9:10 pm
Thank you Swagatam for giving me the info to implement a buck converter circuit to charge my 6 volt and 500 amp
batteries, but excuse me for not understanding why you said I can upgrade the transistors. Do you mean to implement
the circuit without any modi cations and with the same numbers Q1=NTE153&Q2=NTE331? I thank you.

REPLY

Swagatam says
December 4, 2020 at 2:20 pm
You are welcome Abuesak, I wanted to say that the transistors will need to be changed with higher rated transistors
to handle the 500 amp current, and same must be done for the inductor wire thickness also, so that it doesn’t burn
due to the high current. Rest everything can be same. The resistors R8, R9 will need to be tweaked for adjusting the
output voltage to the required levels.

REPLY

Onyeka says
October 7, 2019 at 1:10 pm
Good morning sir, thanks for your well explained job…pls can the design be adjusted to output 13V/16amps, if yes how
can be achieved?

Again does the pwm depend on voltage?

Thanks

REPLY

Swagatam says
October 7, 2019 at 7:39 pm
Hi Onyeka, yes you can adjust it to the mentioned output value by adjusting the values of R8/R9

REPLY

Onyeka says
October 8, 2019 at 10:26 pm
Aright sir, i have a small problem….after switching the input voltage using the transistor, i thought that the output of
the bulk converter supposed to be a square wave(AC) of a very high frequency…..how then did we manage to
converter it to a steady DC

REPLY

Swagatam says
October 9, 2019 at 8:47 am
You can see there’s a lter capacitor at the output, this must be of a high value around 3300uF or more, and this
will convert the pulsating DC to stable DC.

REPLY

Onyeka says
October 9, 2019 at 11:36 am
Wow!, Good to know, thank you very much

But can use a high frequency transformer and a recti er at the output of switching transistor to get a stable DC
too?

REPLY

Swagatam says
October 9, 2019 at 1:12 pm
The transistor switching output is not an AC, it’s a pulsating DC, so recti er is not required.

REPLY

Onyeka says
October 7, 2019 at 11:29 am
Good morning sir, thanks for a great job well done, pls can output of about 13V and current of about 16Amps be gotten
using TL494???

13V/16amps

REPLY

Swagatam says
October 7, 2019 at 1:04 pm
Onyeka, TL494 is only an oscillator circuit, the current output will be decided by the power devices (MOSFETs)
connected with the TL494…so yes it is possible.

REPLY

Onyeka says
October 7, 2019 at 1:16 pm
Oh! Thanks, so which means i need datasheet to determine the one to use….. U just mentioned mosfet but what i can
see in the circuit diagram is BJT.

Again You made mention of controlling the output voltage using R8 and R9, what the idea behind it..does the pwm
adjust with shift in voltage?

REPLY

Swagatam says
October 7, 2019 at 7:41 pm
That’s right, these are BJTs in the above shown circuit, you can change them to BD140 and TIP35 for more current,
along with the wire gauge of the inductor.

REPLY

Onyeka says
October 8, 2019 at 1:04 pm
Thankz for the response sir…pls lastly…. You made mention of controlling the output voltage using R8 and R9…..i
got it, but what’s the idea behind it..does the pwm adjust with shift in voltage?

REPLY

Swagatam says
October 8, 2019 at 4:35 pm
You can nd all the details in the following link:

https://drive.google.com/ le/d/1WhfgYYkcJTVgIZXJlgk7PWnVwNJ_SApU/view?usp=sharing

REPLY

Favour says
July 3, 2019 at 4:27 am
I tried this circuit, the problem I have is that when the output voltage is set it drops to reset again. All are properly
grounded.

REPLY

Swagatam says
July 3, 2019 at 9:27 am
You can nd many buck converter circuits online which you could try and see which one works for you.

REPLY

Favour says
July 12, 2019 at 10:46 pm
Good day Engineer, please i nd it dif cult to nd high ef cient high current buck converter online, I request for a
favourable response for some switching regulators ICs i may use. thanks for always being there.

REPLY

Swagatam says
July 13, 2019 at 8:08 am
Favour, you can try this:

http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm2679.pdf

REPLY

Favour says
July 3, 2019 at 2:10 pm
Please can I use 103uf ceramic or polyester capacitor, for 0.001uf

REPLY

Swagatam says
July 3, 2019 at 2:31 pm
103 = 0.01uF it’s not the same, so you can’t use it….

REPLY

Favour says
July 3, 2019 at 10:31 pm
Yes Sir, I made a mistake ,can I use 102 ceramic or polyester

REPLY

Swagatam says
July 4, 2019 at 7:39 am
You can use ceramic or polyester both will work…

REPLY

Favour says
July 4, 2019 at 4:02 am
Thanks for the assistance, i got it, please. How can i upgrade it to serve 40amps instead of 10amps

REPLY

Swagatam says
July 4, 2019 at 10:12 am
By upgrading the BJT rating and the coil wire thickness accordingly.

REPLY

Favour says
July 7, 2019 at 5:06 am
How can I adjust the current control to 40amps and also get the appropriate number of turns for the inductor

REPLY

Swagatam says
July 7, 2019 at 9:02 am
What is the input current and voltage??

REPLY

Favour says
July 7, 2019 at 5:38 pm
37v solar input, 36amps

REPLY

Swagatam says
July 7, 2019 at 5:47 pm
You can try the formula presented in this article:

https://www.homemade-circuits.com/how-to-design-and-calculate-ferrite-core-transformers-for-inverters/

REPLY

Favour says
July 8, 2019 at 9:14 pm
please i want to ask these questions sir,
i connected this circuit buck converter and ordinary charge controller i bought(not mppt), when the battery
voltage was around 14.4v( wasnt around since morning), the tl494 circuit read 1.21A while the bought controller
read 6.47A. i used 360W/12v panel for each.
1. why such difference
2. how best to operate buck converter.

thanks

REPLY

Swagatam says
July 9, 2019 at 8:04 am
A buck converter is used to convert excess voltage to current…if there’s no excess voltage then it’s pointless to
use a buck converter. When your input is same as the battery charging voltage it’s better to connect the panel
directly to the battery, no need of any converter.

REPLY

Favour says
July 8, 2019 at 9:05 pm
please, how will i calculate the current control with a voltage divider as in pin 14 &15

REPLY

Swagatam says
July 9, 2019 at 8:08 am
Calculate R13 instead. When pin16 voltage exceeds pin15 voltage then output will shut down

REPLY

Favour says
July 9, 2019 at 2:16 pm
Please how can I disengage the current control for now.to check

REPLY

Swagatam says
July 9, 2019 at 2:27 pm
short circuit R13

REPLY

Favour says
July 6, 2019 at 4:03 am
Thanks sir, the ef ciency I got was 52%, is there a way To improve this and minimize losses

REPLY

Swagatam says
July 6, 2019 at 8:05 am
Hi Favour, the ef ciency should at least 90%, otherwise a buck converter will not make sense. The inductor and the
PWM are the two aspects which need to be optimized for maximum ef ciency.

REPLY

Favour says
June 26, 2019 at 12:42 pm
Please how can I use this circuit for 100w panel for 12v battery

REPLY

Swagatam says
June 26, 2019 at 2:12 pm
If your panel has higher voltage than 20 V, then you can use it

REPLY

Favour says
June 27, 2019 at 3:54 am
My panel has 18.65v

REPLY

Swagatam says
June 27, 2019 at 8:14 am
Is this at peak sunshine or average voltage

REPLY

Favour says
June 27, 2019 at 5:05 pm
Peak

REPLY

Swagatam says
June 27, 2019 at 7:29 pm
In that case you don’t need any converter. Just connect the panel directly to your battery.
If you intend to use one, you can try the above circuit but you may have to adjust the inductor turns a bit to
optimize the output correctly.

REPLY

Favour says
June 27, 2019 at 10:26 pm
ok sir, please how can i optimise the inductor coils, is it by adding to it or reducing

REPLY

Swagatam says
June 28, 2019 at 9:45 am
You can build the exact same circuit as shown above, and test it with a 24V/5 amp input from a power supply,
and check whether it works or not as speci ed in the diagram. It should work because the circuit is designed
by the ti.com engineers.

Once con rmed then you can gradually decrease the input voltage and proportionately reduce the turns and
verify whether the optimization works or not.

REPLY

Favour says
June 27, 2019 at 11:03 pm
can i use tip147 for nte331 and tip41c for nte153 and ba159 for nte6013. we dont have 0.001uf and 2.5uf what
can i use

REPLY

Swagatam says
June 28, 2019 at 9:46 am
You can replace the transistors and the diode as mentioned by you, but the capacitors must be kept exactly as
speci ed in the diagram to avoid confusions.

REPLY

Markus Schierz says

April 7, 2019 at 6:13 pm
hello,
thanks for sharing. never came to the idea to use that for solar applications.
i used to create that circuit a while ago but was using bd244 and bd243 transistors. sadly the output voltage drops a lot
even with light loads. do you have any idea or advice

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Swagatam says
April 7, 2019 at 7:18 pm
Hi, Glad you liked the idea! In buck boost toplogies optimization becomes very crucial since the the output ef ciency
greatly depends on how well the coil and the PWM specs are adjusted. Next is the wire thickness and con guration
which decides the current output. If all these are set correctly then the output is as intended otherwise it could go
severely wrong.

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bruce says
April 25, 2018 at 2:31 pm
i am guessing we use bc 547 and bc557 thanks i will try it and see what transpires and i will let u know thanks again so
much for your blog and especialy for your time bruce

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Swagatam says
April 25, 2018 at 2:57 pm
yes that’s right, wish you all the best! the capacitor and the base resistor values will decide the output timing.

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Swagatam says
April 26, 2018 at 7:28 am
The diagram needs a correction, it should be in this way:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/momentary-pulse.png

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bruce says
April 25, 2018 at 1:26 pm
the switch is a standard on/off switch like a lite switch….. the device i need to control with it requires a momentary
contact for 3 seconds to turn on…… and another 3 second momentary contact to turn off______ what i am doing is
hooking an inverter to the thermosat of a freezer. i have disconected the thermostat from the freezer wireing but left it
in the freezer i then wired the compressor always on if i have the thermostat turn the inverter on it will only have to be
on when the freezer needs to be on !! way more e cent than having the inverter in stand-by until the freezer needs to
come on. my problem is the thermostat as you know is thermoly operated but just a standard switch like a lite switch but
the inverter is momentary contact 3sec for on 3 sec for off

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Swagatam says
April 25, 2018 at 2:02 pm
you can try the following concept

https://www.homemade-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/3-sec-pulse.png

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bruce says
April 25, 2018 at 2:25 am
what i need is a 3 second pulse when a switch is turned on and a 3 second pulse when that same switch is turned off i
will use this pulse and a relay to simulate a momentary contact switch turning something on and off thanks so much for
your blog and your prompt response!!!

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Swagatam says
April 25, 2018 at 6:45 am
the switch is ON/OFF switch or a push button?

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bruce says
April 24, 2018 at 3:22 pm
i have a inverter that has a momentary contact switch to turn on and the same to turn off (switch needs to be held for 2
to 3 seconds) i would like to hook this inverter to the thermostat of a freezer (i have already isolated the thermostat
from the ac line) thanks so much for your blog i have fallowed it for a long time and made many of your ckts. bruce

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Swagatam says
April 24, 2018 at 4:08 pm
Thanks Bruce, but this is a solar battery charger, it is not an inverter, you might have been mistaken

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bruce says
April 24, 2018 at 4:58 pm
There was no mistake. i had to switch browsers for the java to work (thanks chrome) so i hit the rst post comment i
found when i switched to post my request. i need a ckt. that will give a 3 second pulse when a switch is turned on and
a second 3 second pulse when the same switch is turned off ? thanks again!!!

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Swagatam says
April 24, 2018 at 5:52 pm
OK it was actually my mistake I thought you were referring to the above circuit.
You mean to say you want a relay circuit which can be toggled ON for 3 seconds in response to a momentary push
button pressing, each time this push button is pressed the relay will hold for 3 seconds and then go off….??

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Mho says
February 22, 2018 at 9:18 pm
Quick question about SMPS chargers. Since they have a fairly constant output voltage, if I wanted to implement a 3-
stage charging algorithm, how can it be implemented with the constant output voltage nature of these Switched Mode
Chargers?
Thanks.

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Swagatam says
February 23, 2018 at 11:28 am
for implementing 3-stage charging only the current will need to be modi ed at the various steps, voltage will
automatically adjust as the battery gets charged

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Solomon says
December 23, 2017 at 11:19 am
Hello sir, what is the maximum current of the circuit and how can i reduce it to the required current it want. Thanks

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Swagatam says
December 23, 2017 at 1:45 pm
The current handling specs of the circuit can be reduced by using thinner coil wire, and by selecting BJTs matching
the required output current specs….

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naseef says
September 9, 2017 at 8:11 am
Sir in these ckt 32v is input voltage (collector voltage of NTE331 ) and gate voltage the same transistor .
As far as my buck convertor input is 300v . So shuld i got 300v as gate voltage of my IGBT.

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Swagatam says
September 9, 2017 at 8:37 am
yes that’s right but make sure your IGBT is rated to handle that much voltage….to be safe do it exactly as indicated in
the linked diagram, for Q1 you can use any ordinary PNP BJT such as STX93003

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abdulakeem abdulwahab says

April 24, 2017 at 12:55 pm
I am using this to step down 24v to 12v DC to dc…
Source 28v lion pack battery 40ah
…
Pls help me with the values of a variable resistor I need to adjust to gv me the adjustable output …

And sir how many amp can it handle at its output

Thank you in advance

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Swagatam says
April 25, 2017 at 5:29 am
you will have to do it by practically experimenting with the resistor values and simultaneously checking the output
response.

the current will be 10amp if the mentioned BJTs and inductor are used…

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Swagatam says
May 22, 2016 at 2:32 pm
Hello,

did you con rm the working of the circuit before using it with the battery? Any new circuit needs to be rst con rmed
with its voltage and current parameters before implementing it for the actual job.

This is a buck converter circuit with many crucial parameters which needs to be rst veri ed using a multimeter and a
dummy load.

If you are having dif culty optimizing the above design you can try a simple IC 555 based design as shown in the
following article. try the second buck circuit:

https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2015/10/calculating-inductor-value-in-smps.html

you will need to optimize the pots perfectly in order to get the expected results

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Beacon Light says

March 23, 2016 at 6:10 pm
Hello Sir,
The Cct was working ne

I used a 10K variable at R8…… and 9.1K at R2

O/P sliding between zero and input voltage (19V).
It charged four Li-Ion cells……. at constant voltage of 14.8 V.

Suddenly ,diode got short and Q2 heated up…..i replaced SB560 diode with YG911S3R but variable stopped working and
O/P is varying B/W 19.2 Vand 18.1 V……….

Any suggestion plz……..transistors are ne TL494 is OK………

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Swagatam says
March 24, 2016 at 5:27 am
Hello beacon light,

check Q2 also, and if possible replace it with a new one.

a diode could become faulty if its current exceeds the safe operating limits….or probably if the device is a duplicate
quality.

also make sure you have selected R13 correctly for proper current control functioning

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Beacon Light says

March 16, 2016 at 3:22 pm
hello sir , you have mentioned "to pin 14" at two points in cct diagram…..will u please de ne ,is the resistor con guration
at pin 2,3&4 is connected to PIN 14 or what??

Same is the case with PIN 1 ??

waiting for your response ………

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Swagatam says
March 17, 2016 at 4:18 am
I'll correct the diagram and post it soon, thanks!

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Beacon Light says

March 17, 2016 at 7:35 am
Ok Sir thanks a lot, but i have assembled almost all components……your guidance required in this regard…..as i got
confused at the mentioned two points….

|| I have used TIP35A NPN and TIP36B PNP in place of NTE331&NTE153……is that ok??

||| If i skip 12Amp diode at output ,my required O/P is somewhere around 4Amp…..It will work for me ???

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Swagatam says
March 18, 2016 at 3:37 am
Instead of TIP36, I would recommend BD140 or 2N2907 or any other similar smaller BJT.

for 4amp requirement can replace the NTE6013 with a 6 amp fast recovery diode….the diode is a part of the buck
converter and cannot be removed.

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Beacon Light says

March 18, 2016 at 8:01 pm
thanks sir,i got it ……diode is necessary part of buck converter……

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Boateng Danso Joseph says

March 9, 2016 at 3:30 pm
Hello Sir pls. Which of the resistors is the R8, Rt or Ref. Thanks

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Swagatam says
March 10, 2016 at 10:59 am
Please click the diagram to enlarge, and you will be able to locate them easily

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Shailesh Lokhande says

January 31, 2016 at 6:20 pm
Sir I want to know solar panel speci cation required for charging mobile battery

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Swagatam says
February 1, 2016 at 11:28 am
you can try a 8V, 500mA panel, but make sure to a voltage regulator with it

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RBT-Techdepot says
January 25, 2016 at 2:55 pm
What about for 12V battery?

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Swagatam says
January 26, 2016 at 1:36 pm
adjust R8

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RBT-Techdepot says
February 2, 2016 at 7:04 am
can you suggest a nearest value for R8?

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Swagatam says
February 2, 2016 at 1:12 pm
you will have to verify it practically, you may replace it with a 10k preset and set it accordingly.

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RBT-Techdepot says
February 4, 2016 at 2:04 pm
ok thank you..

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Pritam Bhowmik says

May 12, 2015 at 7:34 am
I am gonna make solar projects. But never bought a solar panel. How much in rs the solar panel of 12v

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Swagatam says
May 12, 2015 at 7:56 am
you can easily nd out the specs and the rates from any online source, there are plenty of them on the web….the cost
will depend on the V/I speci cations of the unit.

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