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CSIA Titration Lab June 2022

The document is a memo from a chemical analysis supervisor requesting analysis of an unknown liquid found at a crime scene. The liquid was determined to be hydrochloric acid but the concentration is unknown. The supervisor requests the chemical analysis division determine the molarity of the solution by titrating it with sodium hydroxide. Instructions are provided for properly performing the acid-base titration experiment, including a procedure, data table, and explanations of burette reading and titration technique.

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Clumley Clung
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73 views5 pages

CSIA Titration Lab June 2022

The document is a memo from a chemical analysis supervisor requesting analysis of an unknown liquid found at a crime scene. The liquid was determined to be hydrochloric acid but the concentration is unknown. The supervisor requests the chemical analysis division determine the molarity of the solution by titrating it with sodium hydroxide. Instructions are provided for properly performing the acid-base titration experiment, including a procedure, data table, and explanations of burette reading and titration technique.

Uploaded by

Clumley Clung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSIA

Crime Scene Investigation Agency


INTERNAL OFFICE MEMO

DATE: June 15th 2022

TO: Chemical Analysis Division

FROM: Chemical Analysis Supervisor

RE: ANALYSIS OF SUBSTANCE FOUND AT CRIME SCENE


#CS108A4

CSIA is currently working on a case that requires your help. Recently, a body was found in
the Chem Centre. The cause of death is unknown. Evidence was collected from the scene
of the crime. At the present time, we are analyzing all of the evidence to determine the cause
of death.

There was one piece of evidence that we need your assistance to analyze. A container with
a colourless liquid was found beside the victim. At first, we believed it to be water. However,
we added Mg(s) to the solution and a considerable amount of H2(g) was produced. The
solution also turned blue litmus paper red. For these two reasons, the solution must not be
water. Our agency determined that the solution is aqueous hydrochloric acid, but we were
unable to determine the concentration.

Time is running out, and we need your help. Please determine the molarity of the solution.
We will send samples of the solution to your lab tomorrow. To ensure that you have accurate
results, you will need to repeat your experiment at least 2 times.

To determine the molarity of the hydrochloric acid, you will need:

• 25 mL pipette or graduated cylinder


• 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask
• burette
• burette clamp and stand
• wash bottle with distilled water
• 3 beakers (labelled: HCl, NaOH, waste)
• approximately 100 mL of 0.10 mol/L NaOH solution
• approximately 75 mL HCl solution of unknown concentration
• phenolphthalein solution
SCH3U Acid-Base Titration Lab

Procedure:

1) Obtain approximately 100 mL of the sodium hydroxide solution and approximately 75


mL of the hydrochloric acid solution in LABELED BEAKERS.
2) Using a wash bottle, fill and rinse the burette with distilled water, allowing it to run
through the tip.
3) Add about 3-5 mL of sodium hydroxide to the burette, and allow it to run through the
tip.
4) Using a pipette (or graduated cylinder if pipettes are not available), obtain 25.00 mL
of hydrochloric acid (the ANALYTE in this titration).
5) Pour the hydrochloric acid into an Erlenmeyer flask and add 2-3 drops of
phenolphthalein indicator.
6) Fill the burette with sodium hydroxide (the TITRANT in this titration). It does not have
to be filled exactly to the 0.00 mL mark. Allow a small amount of NaOH to run
through the tip of the burette into a waste beaker, then RECORD YOUR INITIAL
BURETTE READING.
7) Place the Erlenmeyer flask containing the HCl on top of a white sheet of paper
underneath the tip of the burette.
8) Open the stopcock and allow sodium hydroxide to mix with the hydrochloric acid
while gently swirling the Erlenmeyer flask.
9) Slow down the flow of sodium hydroxide as the pink colour in the Erlenmeyer flask
appears to take longer to disappear.
10) The ENDPOINT of the titration occurs when just ONE DROP of sodium hydroxide
turns the solution in the Erlenmeyer flask from colourless to a light pink that does not
disappear within about 20 seconds of swirling. RECORD THE BURETTE READING
ONCE THE ENDPOINT HAS BEEN REACHED.
11) Repeat the titration two more times.
Your data table should look like this:

1
4
(do not use
Trial # 2 3 (if
in
necessary)
calculations)
Volume of HCl
(mL)
Molarity of
NaOH(aq) (mol/L)
Initial reading of
NaOH (mL)
Final reading of
NaOH (mL)
Total Volume of
NaOH added (mL)
Colour at endpoint
USING AND READING THE BURETTE

• After cleaning, fill the burette with the appropriate acid or base, using a funnel. The
solution in the burette is called the TITRANT. Place a waste beaker underneath
the tip. Open the stopcock briefly to allow the valve and dropper tip to fill with the
liquid. Make sure there are no air bubbles in the valve or its tip.
• Once the valve and dropper tip are filled, measure the starting level of liquid in the
burette. It may be useful to hold a white card with a black line behind the burette.
• Always take the reading at the bottom of the meniscus, and record to 2 decimal
places. The second decimal place is an estimate, so the uncertainty of the burette is
+/- 0.01 mL.
• Remember this when reading the burette: The burette reading is the
actual amount that has been delivered from it. So, when full to the top
mark, a burette reading will be 0.00 because none of the liquid has been
delivered yet. This means that as the level of liquid goes down, the
numbers increase. Therefore, you always read from the top down. You
do not have to start your titration with a burette reading of 0.00 mL. Just
make sure that you record your initial and final burette readings and then
subtract to calculate the actual volume delivered from the burette.

TITRATION TECHNIQUE

Your technique will affect the accuracy of your results. Tips:


• Make sure you are reading your burette correctly (see instructions above).
• Centre the burette over the flask so that drops fall directly into the solution. The reading on
Otherwise, drops may stick to the sides of the flask instead, affecting your this burette is
actual volume. If this occurs, rinse the sides of the flask using distilled about 6.46 mL.
water from a washer bottle.
• Be observant of color change (endpoint), determining when it actually occurs, and
then use the '30 second rule' to determine if it is a permanent change. That is, once
the color change has occurred, stop titrating and wait 30 seconds. If the color remains,
then the titration is complete at that point. If the color fades, begin titrating at a very
slow rate, and repeat the 30 second test until the end point is observed.
• To observe the colour change more effectively, place the flask on a white sheet of
paper.
• Try to minimize over-titration. The color change observed as the endpoint itself is
actually a slight over-titration by necessity. However, if carefully done, this should not
adversely affect the results.
• As you approach the endpoint, the acid or base in the burette is added slowly, drop by
drop. You must constantly mix the solution in the Erlenmeyer flask. This is best done
by swirling the Erlenmeyer flask gently with one hand while using the other to
manipulate the burette. Alternatively, a magnetic stirring rod can be used, with the
flask placed on a magnetic stirrer. (Do not allow the stir motor to run so fast that it
causes splashing. It should stir just slowly enough to mix the drops as they fall into the
flask.)
SCH3U

Acid-Base Titration Lab Report /13


First and Last Names of Group Members (maximum 3 people per group)

1) ___________________________________________________________

2) ___________________________________________________________

3) ___________________________________________________________

Purpose: /2
(Refer to the technique and the specific solutions being used.)

Observations:

Table #1: Quantitative data obtained during titration of HCl(aq) with NaOH(aq) /2
1 4
Trial # (do not use in 2 3
(if necessary)
calculations)
Volume of HCl
(mL)
Molarity of
NaOH(aq) (mol/L)
Initial reading of
NaOH (mL)
Final reading of
NaOH (mL)
Total Volume of
NaOH added (mL)
Colour at endpoint
Analysis:

1) Write the balanced chemical equation for the chemical reaction occurring in this lab, including
states of matter.
/2

2) Calculate the average volume of sodium hydroxide added to the Erlenmeyer flask. Use only your
best trials (i.e. light pink at endpoint)
/2

3) Use the average volume of sodium hydroxide to calculate the molarity of the hydrochloric acid
sample. Show your work. Report your answer with appropriate significant digits.
/4

Conclusion: /1

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